英语写作方法

第一篇：英语写作方法

英语写作方法

对大多数学习英语的同学来说，英语的词汇量、句式的积累还极其有限，远不能达到用英文流畅表达，挥洒自如的境地。在这一阶段进行创作是不合时宜的，如果非要创造，只能写出“long time no see”这样的文字来。因此，模仿是这一阶段的必经途径。

谈到模仿，一些同学的办法就是背一堆范文，然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作，效果可想而知。这不是真正意义上的模仿，充其量算是默写课文。如何模仿呢?

首先，模仿的目标要明确。模仿的重点永远要放在一定的句式结构上，而非个别的词汇。道理很简单：一个词，随着文章内容的变换，可能就不能用了;而句式结构是放置四海而皆准的东西，适用的范围广，学来对写作的帮助也就明显。

其次，模仿的材料要地道。像新概念英语这样的教材就提供了很多原汁原味的英语表达法。盲目选择文章学习，记一些不中不洋的句子，以讹传讹，浪费时间。

最后，模仿要体现在实际动笔上。比如说，新概念第三册有一个句式说：“…for the simple reason that…”表示某种现象的原因是什么，用在大学英语考试中，我们就可以拿来解释为什么自行车在中国如此的流行，表达为：“The bicycle is very popular in China for the simple reason that…”。然而，很多同学经常背了这些句式不用，一谈到原因仍然是“…because…”，等等。

要灵活变通

在批改英语作文的过程中，经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。由于中英文之间的差异和词汇量、表达法积累的不足，出现难于表达的情况是十分正常的。关键问题在于如何处理。有一句话叫做“立志如山，行道如水”，套用在这个问题上就很合适。写英文作文，一定要有决心把它写好，有信心把意思表达清楚，这是“立志如山”;但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度，能像流水一样变通解决问题。

有个翻译界的故事说：在某大型国际会议的招待会上，一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译：“What is it made of?”本来是非常简单的一个问题，结果翻译太紧张，忘了“egg”这个词，但是他急中生智，回答：“It is made of Miss Hen’s son.”这里，就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达，是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。

要细心观察

要写好英语作文，还要带着敏锐的目光细心地观察，注意英语中一些表达上的习惯。

比如说，在正式文体的写作中，很少用 “it isn"t”这样的略缩形式，而往往是一板一眼地写作 “it is not”。同理，在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写，阿拉伯数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。

再比如说，翻翻新概念第三册所有的课文，会发现凡是一段文章的段首句出现转折时，转折词However都放在句子结构中的第二部分，以插入语的形式出现。分析原因，是因为段落一开始就用转折词，会时转折显得较生硬、突兀。

最后，许多同学在写作文时，习惯于把 “since” “because” “for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上，在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中，这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外, “and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头，表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实，经常留心地道的英语文章能发现，如果是并列关系，完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系，用 “furthermore” “what is more”更为普遍。

要心有全局

英文写作十分强调形式上的严谨性，特别是全局的丝丝入扣。如果写作时结构意识良好，应试写作就简化成为一个填空的过程了。框架万变不离其宗，适当地填加观点、素材，文章就自然而然地立起来了。

第二篇：英语作文写作方法

英语作文写作方法

一、解题思路

面对如此高难度的能力考查，我们应该如何着手呢？一般来说，我们可以将它分成七步走：（以实例为例）

1、认真审题，领悟题意

第一步：写作内容

第二步：写作要求

1）字数要求：以约120个词就“On Friendship”这个主题发表看法。

2）注意事项：你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。

2、整理要点，布局谋篇

在明确写作要求和写作内容后，不要急于动笔写作。要从整体上把握文章的结构，划分文章的段落，理清文章的层次。如此篇文章我们可以把opinion部分直接按照a)b)c)三个点分成三段。也可以把a)b)放在一段，c)则单独自成一段。这样，阅卷老师一眼就能看到你是否把要点写全。此外，各段的笔墨分配要有机平衡，不能光a)这一点就写了90词，剩下寥寥数语来论述b)c)两个要点。

3、组织材料，充分论证

1）调动经验，大胆想象

由第一步分析可知，本文的文体是夹叙夹议。其中a)要求我们要有自己的亲身经历。这时，我们就应充分调动已有的生活经验，或者大胆发挥想象，虚构经历。如：Once on a weekend I fell badly ill and had to go to the doctor.Unfortunately, I lived at school and my parents had no idea of my illness.I had thought about living in bed all day hungry.But one of my friends had me sent to hospital and looked after me all day without having a rest, which moved me a lot.It is friendship that gives me a hand when I’m in trouble.2）复读材料，移花接木

写作要求中提到：可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。那么，就让我们再回到材料中去，查看有无可以利用的论点、论据等，再用自己的话语进行阐释，用以充实文章的内容，从而达到移花接木的效果。如b)要求我们谈对友谊的理解，而文章中提到Your feeling was “I’m home.I can relax now.” That’s what a friendship should be.那么，我们可以这样来改写：To my mind, friendship is a harbor where people may rest secure from storms and waves.再如：c)要求我们谈如何建立友谊。这一点，其实文中就有很好的建议：no one can form a friendship until he /she realizes that the basis of being friends is meeting the needs of the other person.One must be a friend to have a friend.在充分利用原文的基础上，再加入一两条自己的建议，我们可以写出这样的语句：First and foremost, to build up true friendship, do remember to trust your friends.Besides, it’s important for yourself to be a friend to have a friend, and always be honest with the other person.When he is in trouble, lend him a helping hand.4、注意衔接，自然过渡

在完成写作之后，要特别留意各段落之间的衔接。因为a)b)c)三个点虽然被分成三段，1

但却是一个有机的整体。我们必须把他们巧妙地衔接起来。如b)c)两段之间可以如此过渡：Thus, it’s self-evident that friendship is not only a must but also a need to everybody.However, how can we gain a true friendship?

此外，我们还必须注意opinion部分和前面summary的衔接。由于实例中阅读材料是议论文体，那么summary部分必然也是以议论为主。而a)中首先要求我们用亲身经历来说明朋友对你生活的影响。实际上就是由议论(summary)转入例证(experience)。那么，我们用一个断语就可以轻松过渡：As to me / To me, friends bring me a lot或者In terms of me, friends have always been the postman bringing happiness to me.还可以是：According to my experience, I think that what friends bring me is not only trust, understanding but also happiness.总之，只要读来顺畅、自然就达到目的了。

5、勘误润色，锦上添花

在打好草稿后，还需要认真复查，尽可能减少一切可能出现的失误。检查时还可从以下几个方面入手：时态、语态是否正确，主谓是否一致，句子结构是否完整，词语搭配是否恰当，单词拼写是否有误，标点符号是否准期等。通过这样一轮认真的复查，最起码在词汇、语法上不会有什么错误，从而保证了作文不会得分太低。

当然，如果想写出一篇优秀的作文，还少不了最后一着：修饰润色。按照试题的评分标准，学生除了概括的准确性、语言的规范性、内容的合适性外，还必须注意篇章的连贯性。因此，在完成整篇文章的写作后，还可以在句与句之间、段与段之间增加合适的连接词或过渡性的词、短语或句子。此外，句式的表达尽量多样化，语言尽量地道化，不要使用汉语式的英语。只有这样的作文才可能在众多考卷中脱颖而出，获得阅卷老师的青睐。以下就是一篇加工后的优秀作文：

Friendship plays a big part in our life, just like a home where you can get relaxed.But to keep and form it needs relating and being ready to help each other.According to my experience, I think friends bring me not only trust, understanding but also warmth.Once on a weekend I fell badly ill.Unfortunately, I lived at school and my parents had no idea of my illness.I had thought about lying in bed all day.But one of my friends had me sent to hospital and looked after me without having a rest, which moved me a lot.It is friendship that gives me a hand when I’m in trouble.As I enjoy making friends, I value friendship a lot.And I think friendship is a relationship which requires both honesty with each other and sharing.Thus, to my mind, to build up real friendship, we should make friends with those who we can trust, then take serious concerns on our friendship and always get ready to help each other.二、两个值得关注的问题

1、开门见山，求画龙点睛

写作时，要让早已过度疲倦的阅卷老师不用刻意寻找而能一眼就看到你的要点齐全。如本文(opinion部分)的要点是：a)经历、朋友带来了什么 b)友谊是什么 c)如何建立友谊。那么，在写作时，要有意识地让阅卷老师一眼就看到这些相关字样，最好是在每段的开头就点题，并且要对第一句话加以修饰润色，以达到画龙点睛的效果。如：opinion部分第一段就可以如上所述：According to my experience, I think that friends bring me not only trust, understanding but also happiness.第二段则可以这样开头： one of man’s largest treasures, without which people can’t know about himself clearly and succeed easily而第三段则可以如此开始：To build up true friendship, you should first know about the other one clearly, and then…

2、忠实原题，忌画蛇添足

很多同学受语文考试中作文习惯的影响，喜欢在文章末尾加上一小段，抒发情感，缺往往跑题，形成画蛇添足之势。这是一种得不偿失、极不明智的做法。如在描述完如何建立友谊这一观点后，加上这样一段：In brief, on account of friendship, we won’t be lonely.Therefore, the most important thing we should do is to seize it when it’s coming and treasure it seriously when we have it.或是这样写：In fact, we have too many words on friendship in that it is a both serious and delighted topic.这样，原本一篇优秀的作文也可能受到180度大逆转的冷遇。

三、备考策略

1、整体措施

1）扩大阅读面，积累语言素材

除了课程内的阅读，考生在平时要多阅读，尤其是要多读报，要多关注一些时事话题，如环保、教育、娱乐、科技等。这样，对于写作任务中的阅读材料就不会太陌生，而且，一般读了以后多少会有些感悟，那么一旦在写作中真的碰到这类题材，由这个材料引发议论就是很自然的事情了。

2）多与人沟通，培养发散思维

考生在上课时要积极参加各类话题的讨论、辩论等，在课间休息、茶余饭后、睡前闲聊等时间也要多与身边的人交流思想，对发生在身边的事情发表自己的看法和观点。同时也留意他人对同一事物的看法。这样，写作时的opinion部分就水到渠成，不费吹灰之力。如Teens的每一期里都有一个供讨论的时尚又贴近考生生活的话题，那么考生平时完全可以拿来和同学交流看法。

3）加强社会实践，增加人生阅历

众所周知，实践出真知。通过亲身经历所得来得人生感悟，远比纸上谈兵来得深刻。如此一来，评论部分就更加能做到有理有据，令人信服。

2、具体措施

1）每周一至两次的作文训练

俗话说，熟能生巧。只有经过不断地练习，才能培养出良好的写作习惯，流畅的表达能力。也只有这样，才能真正做到“下笔如有神”。

2）“万能”句型的积累

考生要在老师的指导下积累一些写作常用到的优秀的表达方式，即俗话说的“万能”句型。如：With the deepening of reform and opening-up in our country, ______ has become an increasing popularity.Every coin has two sides.I, myself, hold the view that…

当然，优秀表达还可以延伸为一些写作模板，考生可以先进行一定时间的临摹训练。然后，再内化为自己的东西，将其熟练运用于写作当中。这就好比幼儿的学步车一样，小孩先在里面学走路，等到真正长大了，能放手走路了，学步车也就不再需要了。

3）“错题集”的建立

这里的“错题集”指的是写作当中常用到的易错词汇。如：first, convenient, nowadays, economy, succeed, successful, society, science, support, opinion, chance, future, important, necessary等。此外，还有一些句式也常常被写错，如：As is known that…;With the economy

developed;Most of students are agree;People are convenient to do…;There are many people hold the opinion等。这些，考生都必须把他们专门记录在一个本子上，时刻把它拿出来，写一写，背一背正确的拼写、表达。这样，才不至于在考试中重蹈覆辙。

4）勤练书写，保证卷面整洁

考生一定要养成书写整洁的习惯，给人以美好的第一印象。这就好比是一本内容非常精彩的小说一样，如果封面设计无任何美感而言，放在书店里，是很难让人一眼就从那么多的书籍中看中它并拿出来仔细欣赏的。

第三篇：英语求职信写作方法

英语求职信写作方法

要写一份英文求职信，并不难，但要写一份精彩的英文求职信，这就需要掌握好英文求职信的写作技巧，以下为大家提供一些英语求职信写作方法，希望对大家有帮助。求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种，英文求职信写作步骤如下：下面举例说明：假设你叫李平，你从报上得知某公司欲招聘一名英语翻译，请你给该公司经理写一份信，你的个人资料如下：1.简况：姓名，李生；年龄，23岁；身高，1.80米；健康状况，良好；业余兴趣，游泳、唱歌、跳舞。2.简历：XX年北京大学毕业后分配到南通中学工作，XX年调至苏州中学工作至今。3.工作：工作认真负责，与人相处融洽。4.特长：精通英语，尤其口语，已将多本中文书籍译成英语，懂一些日语、能用日语与外宾对话。联系电话：********联系地址：苏州市人民路**号第一步：介绍消息来源介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交待句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅；而不介绍消息来源，会使收信人感到意外、忽然，文章也缺乏过渡、照应，本文消息来源可作如下介绍：Dear managerI learned from the newspaper that your

company wanted to hire an English translator.第二步：表明求职心愿介绍完消息来源后，应向收信人表明自己的求职心愿，即写信的目的，本文求职心愿可作如下介绍：I'm interested in this job very much.I'd like to get this job.第三步：介绍个人简历某单位需要新人，求职人也有求职心愿，但这并不意味着这项工作非你莫属。假如你没有干好这项工作的经历、实力，也是难以适应的。因此，介绍个人简历是必不可少的。本文个人简历可介绍如下：Now I'd like to introduce myself to you.My name is Li Ping.I'm 30 years old.I'm 180 cm tall.I'm healthy.I like swimming singing and dancing in my spare time.I graduated from Beijing University in

1994.ThenI went to work in Nantong Middle School.In 1996，I began to work in Suzhou Middle School and I have worked there until now.第四步：摆出求职优势仅有一定的工作经历而没有自身的优势和特长，也很难求得称心如意的工作。因此，求职时应表明自己除了具有一定的工作经历之外，还具有一定的优势和特长，这样才能稳操胜券。本文可通过如下方法摆出自己的优势：I work hard and I can get along well with others.I'm good at

English and especially my spoken English is very good.I've

translated many Chinese books into English.I can understand Japanese and I can talk to foreigners in Japanese freely.第五步：提出获职打算丰富的工作经验，一定的优势和特长，只能代表过去和现在的情况，如果获职后自以为心愿已了，从此高枕无忧，马虎从事，那也是得不到用人单位认可的。显然表明获职后努力工作的决心是感动用人单位的领导从而顺利谋得此项工作的重要一环。本文获职打算可作如下介绍：If you agree with me I'll work hard and try to be a good translator.第六步：哀求答复联系如果单位领导同意了你的求职要求，你必然要请他和你联系，以便你及时做好预备，到用人单位应聘或报到。为正确起见，请求答复联系时你还应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。本文答复联系的内容可作如下介绍：If you agree with me please write a letter to me or phone me.I live at No.1 Renmin Road Suzhou city.My telephone number is 3654371.第七步：表明感激之情无论你的请求是否能够得到满足的答复，你给用人单位写信就是给对方添了麻烦，因此你应向对方表明感激之情。本文可这样来表明感激之情：Thank you very much.上述七步内容联成一个整体，再加上下面的信尾，就成为一封完整的求职信。

第四篇：英语慰问信写作方法[范文模版]

英语慰问信写作方法及范文

慰问信（Notes of Sympathy on Illness, Injury and Material loss）

亲友生了病或受了伤，或由于火灾、水灾、被盗等不幸事件蒙受了损失，就应该写封信表示慰问。慰问信要写得真诚，要注意措辞。写慰问信时，一定要围绕一个中心，那就是使收信人从中得到安慰和鼓舞。

Sample 1.Dear Sir，The news of your accident just reached me this morning.I’m greatly shocked to learn that you were knocked down by a car yesterday.How are you feeling today? The only good thing about it is that your mother told me that you are progressing nicely, I hope that you are doing well after the operation, and that you’ll be out of the hospital in about a week.I’m coming to see you on Sunday and trust that your condition will remarkably improve by then.A little package from Rose and me will reach you a day or two.We hope the small thing will interest you.Sincerely yours, Li Ming

Sample 2.Dear John，I am shocked to hear that you have a severe influenza and now are in hospital.I get this news from your mother and know you must be absent for half a month from the classes.Do be careful while you are ill.Don’t worry about your lesson and I am willing to help you learn it when you return.We are best friends so I will never allow you to fall behind.You can watch television or listen to radio programs to help pass the time and forget your pains while you recuperate.I do hope that I can see you soon and bring you some funny cartoons.If there is anything you need me to do, just let me know.We all miss you and shall be happy when you are back.Your truly, Li Ming

慰问信应写得真切，注意措辞，对轻病或者小损失，慰问信应写得轻松一些。相反，对严重病情或重大损失，信就应该写得深沉一些。慰问信写时应注意：

1.写给受伤人的信要简短，中肯。信中不必问询事故发生的过程、原因、见证人等。

2.慰问信中应写一些被慰问者喜欢或熟悉的事物，如病人的爱好、兴趣等，以使病人得到宽慰。

1.向朋友问候 A letter of inquiring after someone’s health Dear [John]: I am extremely sorry to hear that your illness, which we had thought was clearing up, has become more serious, and that your have had to go into hospital.Let us hope that it will be for only a very short time, and that you will soon be out and about again.Everybody here sends his best wishes to you for a quick recovery.With kind regards, Yours sincerely, 亲爱的[约翰]：

听说你病了，我深感不安。原来我们还以为您的病情有所好转，事实上却反而加重，而不得不住进了医院。但愿这是短时间的，很快不会恢复健康。这里每个人都祝愿您早日痊愈。特此问候

2.问候朋友的母亲 Inquiring after the health of a friend’s mother Dear [Mr.Wang], I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of [your mother]’s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of late.Under a separate cover I am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best regards.Sincerely yours 亲爱的[王先生]：

听说您的母亲身体欠安，深表忧虑。不知令堂近况如何，实为惦念。随信另寄上[什锦饼干一盒]，并致以最良好的问候。您忠诚的 [吴洋] 3.祝贺朋友病愈 Congratulations on someone’s recovery Dear [Jane]: I learn, with very great pleasure, that the illness which has so cruelly caused great anxiety among your relatives and all those who know you has changed for the better and that you are now recovering, for which I therefore desire to congratulate you warmly.I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health.Yours sincerely 亲爱的[简]：

在您患病的这一期间内，亲戚朋友无不为你挂虑，听到你的病已有好转，并已逐渐痊愈，十分快慰，特地向你祝贺。望你早日完全痊愈。

4.慰问丧偶的朋友 A letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife Dear [Mrs.Harper], I would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].In the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [Professor of Harper]’s friendship.I found [him] a since and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].The knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, I hope, be of some comfort to you.Truly yours 亲爱的[哈珀女士]：

获悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息，深表遗憾。长期以来，能与[哈珀教授]保持友谊是我的荣幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最乐于与其一道[工作]的忠实而有帮助的朋友。

但愿我此时的问候，能给您带来一些安慰。Unit 11 道歉信

因过失或疏忽做错了事，给别人带来了麻烦或损失，发觉后要立即写信给对方赔礼道歉，这是一种礼貌。这类信要写得坦率，诚恳。

1.因未能践约赴宴致歉 Unable to keep one’s promise Dear [Miss Nancy], Much to my regret I was unable to keep my promise to attend your [birthday] party [last Saturday], owing to the fact that my [little son] was suddenly taken ill early [that day].Hoping to see you soon.Truly yours, 亲爱的[南希小姐]：

[小儿][上周六]突然生病，因此未能应约赴[生日]宴，殊觉抱歉，希原谅，再见。祝 好！

2.因迟复来信致歉 Because of answering one’s letter late Dear [David]: I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, December] sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable.When your letter arrived, I was just in [Hong Kong].As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up.Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip.I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.Yours, 亲爱的[戴维]：

请原谅我收到您[12月7日]的来信后迟迟未复，现将原因告诉您，相信您一定会谅解的。您的来信到来时，我正巧在[香港]，家人无法及时转递。你的信一直放在我写字台上，直到我回到才看见，拖至今天才回信，深表歉意。

这次出去旅行饱览了许多美丽景色，下次见到您时，将告诉您一切。祝好！

3.因未能及时还书致歉 Unable to return borrowed book on time Dear [Kate]: Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “Robinson Crusoe” which I read through with great interest.I had finished reading the book and was about to return it when [my cousin] came to see me.Never having seen the book, [She] was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer.However, I hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner.Thanking you again for the loan.Sincerely yours, 亲爱的[凯特]：

我迟迟未能归还您的那本《鲁滨逊飘流记》，请原谅。该书我读得津津有味。读完后，正预备归还您时，我的[表妹]来访，见这本书也感兴趣，定要借去一读。为了让别人也能分享您那本书所给予的乐趣，我不能及时归还。我想再延迟些日子奉还，谅您不会介意的。再次感谢您的慷慨。祝好！

4.因遗失借书致歉 Because of losing a borrowed book Dear [Frank]: I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week].I read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month].[Last night] when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found.I will try to recover it as soon as possible.If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you.But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one.Old books are like old friends.Once lost, they can never be replaced.They are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never have.And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame.I was so careless with my things.This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.Yours truly, 亲爱的[弗兰克]：

很抱歉，[上星期]您借给我的那本书竟遗失了。我[每天]都在看，准备[下个月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的卧室，到处也找不到那本书。我将尽力找到它。万一找不到，我只好买一本新的还您。

但是，新书恐怕不能代替那本旧书吧！旧书跟旧友一样，一旦失去就不能再得。旧书与往事相连，这种不可弥补的损失，皆由我起。我对待一切太大意了，这次给我一个警告，叫我以后要小心。

第五篇：英语说明文的写作方法

英语说明文的写作方法

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language.First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，…

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first，second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example，for instance，still another example is…等词语引出

举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法

在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

4.定义法（definition）

定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语比如

A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.5.顺序法（sequence of time，space and process）

顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

6.分类法（classification）分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法

Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed，and some few to be chewed and digested，that is，some books are to be read only in parts，others to be read，but not curiously，and some f ew to be read wholly，and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy，and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the less important arguments，and the meaner sort of books…