外交部副部长傅莹：中国拯救欧洲的问题不成立

第一篇：外交部副部长傅莹：中国拯救欧洲的问题不成立

欧洲是世界第一大经济体，自身实力还是很强的，欧洲一些企业的经营状况也很良好，所以欧洲不是没有能力救自己，中国拯救欧洲的问题并不成立。

【《财经》综合报道】 据新华网消息，中国外交部副部长傅莹28日表示，欧洲是世界第一大经济体，自身实力还是很强的，欧洲一些企业的经营状况也很良好，所以欧洲不是没有能力救自己，中国拯救欧洲的问题并不成立。

傅莹说，全世界都希望欧洲能够恢复，找到救自己的办法。从最近的讨论可以看出，欧洲和欧盟的领导人已经很清楚问题出在哪儿、应该做什么，也很清楚怎样做。现在的问题是，从哪里入手，资金从何而来。

她认为刚刚结束的欧盟峰会和欧元区峰会让世界看到了希望，市场反应也很积极。“这就说明欧洲是在解决问题的道路上向前进的。中国非常希望欧洲能够恢复，也希望它经过这样一个艰苦的过程，不仅是恢复，而且是路走得更好，步子迈的更稳，并且克服欧盟一些机构在行政过程中一些内在的缺陷。”

傅莹表示，她希望中欧双方通过克服这个危机，相互理解和相互信任能得到增强，相互合作能得到深化，使危机最后成为大家前进的好机会。她也希望双方能相互尊重，平等相待，实事求是、客观地相互认识，使长期解决不了的中欧之间的一些困难问题逐渐得到解决。

【作者：《财经》综合报道 】(责任编辑：邓美玲)

第二篇：中国外交部副部长傅莹在芝加哥大学演讲全文 中英文对照

中国外交部副部长傅莹在芝加哥大学演讲全文 中英文对照

尊敬的Mr.Steve Edwards先生，各位同学和老师，女士们、先生们：

非常荣幸受邀来到芝加哥大学，并在此致辞。如著名建筑家弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特所言：“我终究认为芝加哥将是世界上留存下来的最美丽、最伟大的城市。”

但你们是否知晓，在中国，芝加哥的大学更出名。那些希望学费物有所值的家长们尤其对这所大学感兴趣，因为这里“乐趣已死”。

芝加哥大学培养了无数的音乐家、科学家和政治家。你们中一些人如果选择了这样的道路，未来也会成为其中的一员。祝福你们。

我猜想，这里的学生大都出生在90年代，在中国他们被称为90后。这个时代出生的人有一个共同之处，就是几乎在同一时间获取最新信息。

对于我们这代人，当我得知世界上有个操作系统叫Windows时，比尔·盖茨先生已经是世界首富了。而现在，太平洋彼岸中国时尚的年轻人与这里一样，对每次新版苹果产品的发布翘首以待。《速度与激情7》在北京和芝加哥的电影院差不多同时上映。

我也许有些理想化，总在想，在海量信息全球同步的今天，年轻一代能否更加宽容、能否更好地相互理解，从而寻求新的途径来构建维系持久和平的全球秩序？

奥巴马总统于几年前的父亲节在这里发表过一个演讲。他说，作为家长，需要传递给后代最重要的价值是同理心，能换位思考，设身处地去认识世界。

今天我就想先谈谈中国在世界变迁中的经历。基辛格博士《论世界秩序》一书在中国引起了热烈讨论。书中叙述了威斯特伐利亚体系以来400多年的大国兴衰，强国之间一而再、再而三以战争方式争夺世界权力。

但是，基辛格博士也谈到，威斯特法利亚体系不具普遍性，在世界其他地区曾有不同的体系，彼此孤立地并存。众所周知，那时还没有网络的存在。

就中国而言，悠久的历史造就了独特的治理方式、价值观念和文化传统，时至今日仍有影响。因而我们对世界的观念也许建立在不同的基础上。我可以沿着书中世界秩序演变的轨迹，举几个中国历史上的例子：

你们大概都曾经读到过，1648年欧洲达成威斯特伐利亚系列和约以结束“30年战争”，之后的数百年，初步建立起以主权国家为基础的现代意义上的秩序,确立了内政自治原则。随后便把殖民统治推向世界其他地方，包括美洲，而美国是1783年才摆脱了殖民统治，宣布独立。

而早在此之前，亚洲长期延续着自己独特方式，各国和睦相处。当时中国的清王朝仍处于鼎盛时期，到18世纪中国人口已超过欧洲国家总和。但是，这个延续近两千年的田园般宁静在19世纪中叶被欧洲帝国打破。

到了1919年，当欧洲签署凡尔赛和约以结束第一次世界大战之时，亚洲大部分地区已沦为欧洲的殖民地，中国的领土完整也屡遭侵犯。中国最后一个封建皇帝被迫退位，政治精英构建共和体制和西式议会的种种努力纷纷失败，国家陷入内乱。年轻人开始从其他方向寻找解决问题的道路。

中国共产党就是在这样的背景之下，于1921年由几十个人建立的，许多都是20多岁的年青人。他们不比你们年长多少。（看看年轻人是怎样改变着世界，真是神奇！）

1941年，当《时代》周刊创办人亨利·卢斯宣告“美国世纪”来临之际，中国约2/3的国土被日本军国主义的铁蹄蹂躏，战争中伤亡人员达到3500万人。今年九月，中国将隆重纪念抗日战争胜利70周年，缅怀英烈、牢记历史、珍惜和平。中国和美国当时并肩作战，我们不会忘记那些美国飞行员的英勇事迹。

1949年中国终于重获和平，建立起中华人民共和国，但是当时的国家满目疮痍，经济近于崩溃，人均寿命不足35岁，文盲率达到90%以上。

换句话说，二战后多年，当两个超级大国激烈争夺世界权力、建立起所谓的恐怖平衡之际，中国的主要任务是解决生存问题，包括满足庞大人口的吃饭需求。我们也走过不少弯路，年少时经历的饥饿和困惑我记忆犹新。

二十世纪70年代末，中国与世界的关系翻开了新的一页。新中国恢复联合国合法席位。邓小平领导的改革开放使中国重新融入世界经济。

因此，当中国人讲到国际体系时，通常指的是中国作为成员参与的、以联合国为核心的国际机构和机制。鉴于惨痛的历史教训，中国一直信守和遵循《联合国宪章》关于主权平等和不干涉别国内政的原则。习近平主席不久前出席万隆会议60周年纪念峰会，重申了和平共处五项原则。

我讲述这段历史想表达的是，在讨论历史和秩序时，需要注意到各国有着非常不同的经历,这对我们观念的形成有很大影响。这也是为什么，各国在一些问题上的感受不尽相同。

我想讲的第二点是如何看中国的成长。显然，在中国获得快速发展之时，世界对中国的了解和理解并没有同步增长。一位常年观察中国的欧洲记者朋友如此概括说，西方媒体的中国报道可以归纳为三类：

一是中国太大——人口多、城市大，现在连奢侈品市场都很大。

二是中国太坏——好像中国总是在做错事，看不顺眼。

三是中国太怪——吃奇怪的食物，有奇怪的行为方式。

我经常接待来自美国国会的代表团，很多人第一次来中国。令他们印象最深的是天天碰见的普通中国人，比如在故宫博物院里摩肩擦踵的农民工游客、和那些梦想成为下一个马云的年轻创客等等。

实际上，是普通中国人代表了中国的真实面貌和国家的进步。是他们推动着中国走向富强和成功。

那么，成长起来的中国想有一个什么样的世界秩序呢？未来的前景是否如某些学者预见的，必然是中美争夺世界权力？这是我想讲的第三点。

我常常阅读美国政治家撰写的回忆录，美国对世界事务的深入和有效参与令人印象深刻。但我也时常感叹于美国对其他国家的事务也如此热情和强势地介入。

掩卷思量，不禁要问，美国人心目中的世界秩序，是否就是美国治下的世界呢？是否就是仅以美国的价值观和国家利益为核心理念、以美国主导的同盟体系为支撑？而对于新兴大国来说，是否面对的只有臣服或挑战这两个选项？换做是美国人，你们又当作何选择？

中国就是这样一个新兴的大国，而且并非依靠炮舰开路成长起来的，我们是结合了自身的天然优势与全球化的机遇发展起来的。欧洲引领工业化以来，资金、技术、市场、资源和人才主要集中在以欧美为中心的西方世界，而如今，所有这些要素都在全球化推动下开始向外扩散。

顺着这个浪潮，中国坚持改革，不断释放巨大的政策红利，实现了30年GDP年均9%的增长，极大地提高了人民的生活水平，并发展成为世界第二大经济体。今日中国是130多个国家的最大贸易伙伴。有人甚至预测，中国经济总量将在2020年后达到世界第一位。

但是，当一些国际学者讨论新的世界权力分配问题时，他们会惊讶地发现大多数中国人很淡定，对传统意义上的所谓世界权力转移或者“世界权力之争”没有表现出太大的兴趣。

对中国人而言，我经常看到的是在标准上存在不一致的问题。例如，在西方国家，当有人滥杀无辜时，他们被视为恐怖分子；而这样的事情发生在中国就被看作是民族或者是政治问题。当中国的邻国在领土问题上做出挑衅的姿态时，美国不置一词；而当中国捍卫自身权益时，就常被说成是咄咄逼人或者胁迫别国。

如果对最基本的原则前提都没有共同的基础，我们何以在世界秩序演进这样的问题上进行有意义的讨论呢？就像广东人形容人与人无法沟通时讲的：是“鸡同鸭讲”。

中国目前的重心还在于解决大量棘手的国内难题，包括克服环境污染、反腐败、缓解经济下行、更好地保障民生等等。

同时，在应该构建什么样的未来世界秩序上，中国学者也进行着务实的讨论。大家可能各持观点，但一个共识是：世界已经发生变化，许多旧的概念失去了意义。

首先，在当今世界，不同的秩序像过去那样，在各地区隔绝地共同存在、应对不同的问题，这种可能性已经没有了。今天的秩序需要具有开放性，要逐步调整以适应新的现实和多元的观点。

其二，再通过大国之间战争的方式实现“权力转移”，重新决定新的力量平衡，也没有可能了，因为世界各国关系已经如此紧密交织。

其三，我们所面对的大量新型问题都是全球性的，超越了主权国家和区域的边界。像埃博拉病毒、ISIS、像试图乘船从非洲前往欧洲的人们。需要新的思维和新型全球框架或者说是全球秩序，去应对新型挑战。

令人有所宽慰的是，进入21世纪，人类社会已经开始进行许多有意义的实践，用创新和合作的办法应对和解决新的问题，例如G20和全球气候变化大会。中国也倡导了“一带一路”和亚投行，来增强亚洲和亚欧大陆之间的互联联通。这些实践是对现有国际体系和合作框架的补充，将促进现有国际体系朝着更加公正合理和更具包容性的方向发展。

基辛格《论世界秩序》一书是以一种很有深意的设问方式结束的：“我们将去向何方？”显然，历史又来到了新的转折路口，关键是将向哪里转变。

这个问题也适用于中美两国，我们是否有决心和智慧走出大国冲突的历史窠臼？能否合作开创新型大国关系和新型秩序？为此，习近平主席向奥巴马总统提出建立中美新型大国关系。

中美两国之间尽管受到误解和偏见的干扰，实际上在许多领域都建立起密切的伙伴关系。有人甚至把两国比作不情愿的双胞胎。两国互信的水平也相当令人印象深刻了。否则，我们何以相互颁发十年有效期签证？由此可见，年青一代继承的两国关系积极因素大大多于负面因素。

建立新型大国关系前无古人，不会一帆风顺。但双方都认识到，要加强合作、管控分歧，为亚洲和世界构建面向和平与发展的稳定战略框架。这既是两国关系的方向，又是我们共同的责任。

所以，最后我想说的是，虽然21世纪全球秩序的演进并不容易，也不是朝夕可得之事。但未来寄望于年轻一代，我相信，你们一定会拿出很好的答案！谢谢大家！

英文版全文

China’sGrowth and the Debates on Order Speechby Fu Ying Chairperson of Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People’sCongress, 2015-5-19

The University of Chicago

Thank you, Alan and Mr.Steve Edwards，Members of the Faculty and Students，Ladies and Gentlemen，It is a great honor for me to address you today.As the renowned architect Frank(Lloyd)Wright said, “Eventually I think Chicago will be the most beautiful great city left in the world.”

But I wonder if you know that, in China, Chicago is more famous for its University.This university is especially attractive to the parents who want to get their money’s worth, as this is known as a place “where fun has come to die”.A great many musicians, scientists and politicians were nurtured here.And I am sure some of you will one day join them if you so choose.You have my best wishes.I guess, most of the students here were born after 1990.In China, we call people like you“90hou”, meaning the post-90 generation.You share one thing in common, that is, you are in synchronization with latest development of the world.For my generation, by the time I first heard of an operating system called Windows, Mr.Bill Gates was already the richest man on earth.Now trendy Chinese wait on tenterhooks for every iPhone launch just like here.“Fast & Furious 7” is released in Beijing cinemas at about the same time as in Chicago.I hope I am not too idealistic in thinking that since so much information is shared among young people all over the world, shouldn’t the younger generation be more open and more ready to understand each other? Isn’t it possible to find a new way to build a global order capable of ensuring lasting peace?

When your President Obama spoke here on a father’s day a few years ago, he said, the most important thing for the parents is to pass along the value of empathy---the ability to stand in somebody else’s shoes;to look at the world through their eyes.In that regard, the first point of my speech today is about China’s experience with the evolving world order.Dr.Kissinger’s latest book World Order set off lots of discussion in China.It is absorbing to read the 400 years of rise and fall of powers since the Westphalia peace conference, and the wars and conflicts that led to power shifting.However, as the book also pointed out, the Westphalian system was, as not universal, but one of the many systems that coexisted and yet in isolation from each other given the circumstances.Obviously, they didn’t have the internet.While in China, where history had been carrying on for a long time, a different system of governance, values and traditions were nurtured, which have an influence to the present day.So our view of history may have a different base.Let me pick up a few moments of history along the evolution of world order laid down in that book.As you probably remember in your reading that, it was in 1648, Europe finalized the Westphalia Treaty to end the Thirty Years’ War and established a modern sense of order among nation states, recognizing their sovereignty and self-determination of internal affairs.Then it spread its colonial power tomany corners of the world, including America and the United States freed itselfand declared independence in 1776.In this period in Asia, the long and generally peaceful relationship had continued.China’s Qing Dynasty was in its prime and the population in the 18th century was more than the European countries put together.But this serenity for almost2,000 years was broken when the European imperialists arrived in the middle of19th century.By the time the Versailles Treaty was signed in 1919 at the end of the First World War, most part of Asia was colonized and China’s territorial integrity too had been violated.By then, the last emperor of China had abdicated.The attempt by political elites to install a republic and western style parliamentary system had failed once and again in one way or another.The country was descending into chaos and conflicts.The young generation looked in other directions for a solution.It was in this context that the Communist Party of China was set up in 1921 by a dozen or so young people mostly in their late 20s, not much older than you.(It’s amazing how young people change the world.)

Fast forward to 1941, when Henry Luce of Time Magazine stated the arrival of the American Century, two thirds of China’s territory fell under Japanese occupation.35million people died or wounded in war.China will host a major commemoration September this year to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the War against Japanese Aggression.We will remember the heroes, reflect on history and the value of peace.China and the U.S.fought on the same side, and we will never forget the heroic American pilots who helped China during the war.When peace did come in 1949 and the PRC was founded, the economy was on the brink, average life expectancy was under 35 years and more than 90 percent of the population was illiterate.In other words, for many years following the end of the Second World War, when the two super powers contested for world power, achieving a sort of balance of terror, China’s main concern was its very survival, not least feeding its big population.There were many setbacks along the way in China.I still have a keen memory of the hunger and confusion of my younger days.In the late1970s China’s relationship with the world turned a new page.The Mainland regained China’s legal seat at the UN.The policy of reform and opening to the outside world led by Deng Xiaoping enabled China to reconnect with the world economy.So when the Chinese talk about the international system, we are referring to the institutions with the UN at the center, and to which China has committed ever since.Learnt from its painful history, China believes in the principles of equality among all sovereign nations and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries as enshrined in the UN Charter.Chinese President Xi Jinping, when attending the event marking the 60th anniversary of the Bandung Conference, reiterated the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence.The reason I took you on this brief journey is to illustrate that when discussing world order, we should be mindful of different experiences of history and their impact on our perspectives.And we may not have the same feeling for certain things.Here comes my second point.How to look at China today? Now China has very much grown.But, I have to say, knowledge and understanding of China in the outside world, especially in Western countries, hasn’t quite kept up.A friend of mine, European journalist and a keen observer of China, summed up western media reporting on China into three categories.China is either

Incredibly big –biggest population, biggest cities, even big demand for luxury goods.or China is so bad – doing all the wrong things and not fitting into the norms.and China is so weird – eating weird stuff and having weird ways of doing things.I receive many members of the US Congress often making their first visits to China.What strikes them the most is their encounters with ordinary Chinese, such as the migrant workers they bump into while visiting the Palace Museum, or young makers whose ambition is to be the next Jack Ma of Alibaba.The ordinary people represent the true face of China and they are the real driving force for China to grow strong and successful.So my third point is, what kind of future world order does China want to be part of? Is the future destined to be a confrontation between China and the US for world power as some suggest?

I often read memoirs by American politicians and I am always fascinated about how the US is deeply and effectively involved in the world affairs.Not only so, it’s equally enthusiastic about the internal affairs of other countries.One cannot help but wonder: is the prevalent understanding of world order amongst Americans a world dominated by US rules and power? Is it only centered on American values and interests and supported by US alliances? Does that mean that from the US perspective, rising powers only have two choices: to submit or to challenge? What would you do if you were in this(our)situation?

China is one such rising power.It has grown largely by marrying its natural advantages to the opportunities offered by globalization rather than “flag before trade”.Capital, markets, resources and talents that had accumulated in western countries since industrialization, now have spread outward due to globalization.Riding on this tide, China has made continued policy reforms and achieved 9% of growth for 30 years, allowing great improvement of people’s living standard, and growing into the world’s second biggest economy.It is now the first trading partner to130 countries.It is even predicted that, China’s economy will be the world’s biggest by 2020.And yet, international academics found, to their disbelieve that, most Chinese are disinterested in the debate about a new shifting of world power or power competition in the traditional sense.For us in China, we see inconsistencies at play.For example, if someone or some groups kill innocent people in western countries, they are terrorists.Yet if the same thing happens in China, it’s often viewed as ethnic or political issues by foreign observers.When China’s neighbors act provocatively on territorial issues, the US turns its head away.Yet when China defends its interests, it is described as either assertive or a bully.If we cannot even agree on the most basic premises, how can we have a meaningful debate on the evolution of world order? In Guangdong, when people are talking past each other, they are described as having a “dialogue between chicken and duck”.China’s focus remains the many domestic challenges, such as environmental pollution, fighting corruption, countering the economic slow-down, improving the livelihood of the people.On the question of what future world order should look like, the discussions in China are more pragmatic.Though views still differ, one thing people all agree on is that the world has changed.Many old concepts have lost relevance.First, in today’s world, it is no longer possible to have different world orders coexist independently of each other and addressing separate issues, like in the earlier centuries.The orders of today need to open up and make adjustments to adapt to the new realities and to different perspectives.Secondly, it’s no longer viable to try to achieve the transfer of power and find a new equilibrium through means of war among major powers because of the interconnected nature of today’s world.Thirdly, what we are facing are the new kinds of global issues, which do not respect traditional order or sovereign borders.Look at Ebola.Look at ISIS.Look at the boat people trying to cross from Africa to Europe.Therefore, there need to be new thinking to build a new global framework or，we may use the term global order，to cope with new type of challenges.The good news is that, as we enter the 21st century, mankind is already experimenting in an innovative and collaborative manner to tackle the challenges, such as G20, and the conference on climate change.For its part, China has initiated the land and maritime Silk Road programs to strengthen Asian and Eurasian connectivity, and is setting up the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to support them.All these practices are complementary to the existing international system and will help with its gradual evolution into a fairer and more inclusive structure.Dr.Kissinger tellingly ended his book with a question mark: “where do we go from here”? Obviously, history has come to a turning point.The question is in which direction it will turn.This question is also for China and the US.Do we have the resolve and wisdom to avoid the old loop and can we build a new type of relationship and global order through cooperation instead of confrontation?

That is why Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed to President Obama to build what he called China-US new model of major country relationship.Actually, in spite of the misunderstandings and stereo types, China and the US, have already made close partnership in many fields.We are even called reluctant twins.And the trust level is impressive too.Otherwise how can we give each other 10-yearvisas? So what the young generation is inheriting in our relationship has more positive elements than negativity.To build anew model of relationship is an unprecedented endeavor for the two countries.We both understand the importance of strengthening cooperation, managing differences and creating a stable strategic framework for peace and development of Asia and even the world.This is the direction for our relations and is also our shared responsibilities.So to end my speech, I want to say that evolving a global order for the 21st century is not going to be easy, and the answer takes time.The world will count on the young generation, and I am sure you will come up with good answers.Thank you.（

第三篇：外交部副部长在安理会利比亚问题会议发言

主席先生：

首先我感谢非洲国家倡议召开此次安理会关于利比亚问题的会议。感谢你和南非外长、毛里塔尼亚外长、刚果(布)外长、马里外长及非盟委员会和平与安全事务专员拉马拉专程从非洲赶来与会。我希望此次会议的举行能凝聚国际社会共识，为推动利比亚问题的早日解决作出贡献。

去年底以来，西亚北非地区陷入持续动荡。其中，利比亚的冲突最为激烈、局势最为严峻。目前，利比亚的战事仍在继续，平民仍在伤亡，影响仍在扩散。在此重要时刻，安理会与非盟和平安全理事会高级别代表团进行对话，为国际社会探讨利问题的解决之道提供了重要平台。我想借此机会就利问题谈几点看法：

第一，要推动政治解决。历史一再证明，武力无法化解冲突，反而会加剧矛盾，对话和谈判等和平手段才是解决争端的根本出路。我们呼吁利有关各方以国家利益和人民福祉为重，充分发挥政治智慧，展现具有建设性的妥协和灵活，尽快实现停火、开展对话，争取就政治安排、安全保障、战后重建等问题找到各方均可接受的解决办法。我们希望这一政治对话进程具有包容性，能吸引利问题各方的实质参与，充分吸收各方的意见和建议，只有这样才能找到出路，最终达成的方案才能公正持久。

第二，要认真执行决议。利危机爆发以来，安理会先后通过了第1970和1973号决议，根本出发点是为了保护利国内平民，推动利问题的政治解决。但我们遗憾地看到，决议通过已近三个月，利局势并未有所好转，利平民也仍未得到有效保护。中方呼吁各方严格、准确执行安理会有关决议，不做任意解读，不采取超出授权的行动。我们希望有关各方遵循《联合国宪章》的宗旨与原则及相关国际法准则，尊重利主权、独立、统一和领土完整，支持利人民自主选择发展道路，自主解决国内问题。

第三，要加大人道救援。受战争影响，利比亚粮食、饮用水等基本生活用品匮乏，医疗卫生条件恶劣，面临大规模人道主义危机。近一时期，更是有大批难民从利涌向周边国家。联合国人道主义协调办公室为利发出紧急人道主义救援呼吁，但目前仍面临近2亿美元的资金缺口。我们呼吁国际社会高度重视利人道主义局势，积极响应联合国的紧急呼吁，加大对利人道主义援助力度。同时我们敦促利国内各派为确保人道主义物资在利的公平、及时、有效发送，创造条件，提供便利。

第四，要支持非盟努力。利危机爆发以来，非盟积极开展外交斡旋行动，召开利问题特别首脑会议，成立利问题高级别特设委员会，特别是南非总统祖马和外长女士多次赴利，为解决利危机付出不懈努力。我们对此表示高度赞赏和积极评价。利是非洲国家，国际社会应相信非洲人民的智慧和经验，充分重视非盟提出的建议，继续为非盟开展斡旋提供各方面的支持。联合国在利问题的解决，特别是在利战后安排方面发挥着不可替代的作用。我们鼓励非盟与联合国多加强沟通、协调与配合。

主席先生，中方一直高度关注利局势的发展，始终秉持客观、公正的立场，呼吁利问题的政治解决。中方同利国内冲突双方均有接触，我们本着劝和促谈的态度，敦促双方采取有利于国家和人民的建设性举措，推动局势早日走向缓和。中方与联合国和非盟等国际和地区组织也保持着密切沟通，大力支持他们的政治与外交努力，鼓励国际社会提供必要的帮助。中方还多次做有关国家工作，敦促他们将对安理会决议的执行严格限定在保护平民范畴，不要擅自行事。此外，中方已分别向埃及提供了100万美元现汇、向突尼斯提供了3030万元人民币的物资和200万美元现汇，用于两国与利边境的难民安置。中方还将根据利人道主义状况，积极考虑向利提供新的人道援助。

主席先生，利比亚局势持续动荡不符合利人民利益，也不符合地区国家和国际社会的整体利益。作为安理会常任理事国，中方愿与国际社会一道，继续为解决利比亚问题提供建设性帮助，尽快推动利局势实现稳定，走上政治解决轨道。

第四篇：2009.12.2驻英国大使傅莹有关“气候变化与中国”的演讲

驻英国大使傅莹有关“气候变化与中国”的演讲

2009年12月2日，中国驻英国大使傅莹应邀在伦敦政治经济学院(LSE)发表题为“气候变化与中国”的演讲，全面阐述中国应对气候变化的政策、立场及所采取的措施，并现场回答听众提问。

气候变化与中国 中国驻英国大使傅莹 伦敦经济学院 2009年12月2日

Climate Change and China Fu Ying, Chinese Ambassador to the U.K.London School of Economics December 2, 2009 尊敬的CORBRIDGE教授，女士们，先生们，Professor Corbridge, Ladies and Gentlemen, 很荣幸来到伦敦经济学院，就气候变化这一重大问题进行交流。我感觉特别荣幸，这是因为伦敦经济学院以在气候变化领域的研究著称，你们的研究为全球讨论做出了突出贡献。I am honoured to talk to you on such an important subject as climate change.It's a special honour, because the LSE is well-known for its scholarship on climate change and its crucial contribution to this global debate.中国是一个有着13亿人口的大国，气候类型多样，环境脆弱。气候变化给中国带来诸多不利影响。

China is a huge country with a population of 1.3 billion.It has diverse climatic conditions and a fragile environment.The effect of climate change is a very real threat which we face everyday.根据中国科学家的观察，过去50年里中国的平均气温上升了1.1摄氏度，高于同期全球平均升温水平。在中国的许多地方，极端气候现象更为频繁。例如，今年春天中国北方出现50年以来最为严重的干旱，给400多万人的带来生计困难。

According to Chinese scientists, the average temperature in China has risen by 1.1 degrees centigrade in the last 5 decades.It is higher than the reported global average.We are seeing more frequent bouts of extreme weather in many parts of the country.Last spring, for example, the most severe drought in 50 years hit northern China affecting the livelihood of 4 million people.环境污染和气候变化带来的不利影响对我们来说已是现实。全球空气污染最严重的20个城市中，中国占了一半，70%的河流受到不同程度的污染。中国已成为全球第一大二氧化碳排放国。

Environmental damage and climate change is a reality for us.Out of the world's most polluted 20 cities, half are in China.70% of Chinese rivers are polluted to some degree.China has become the largest carbon emitter of the world.这些问题是如何造成的？中国近年在减贫和提高人民生活水平的同时，也出现了严重的环境问题。与你们不同的是，我们是用30年的浓缩时间，走西方国家两个世纪的工业化进程。How have we got here? China has reached this stage when it is making great endeavours to lift people out of poverty.Unlike you here, we have condensed 2 centuries of industrialization into only 30 years.中国人民已经充分认识到气候变化问题的严重性和紧迫性，我们在以发展经济的同样热情投入到实现可持续发展的努力之中。在中国，气候变化不仅仅是一个讨论的话题，举国上下正在通过政策和行动积极应对气候变化。我愿与你们分享一些这方面的例子。

Now, the Chinese people have woken to the threat and, with the same zeal that we have embraced industrialization, we are embracing cleaner development.In China, climate change is not just a topic for discussion;It's backed up with policy and action throughout the country.Let me share some examples with you.第一，中国制定了节能减排的法律和政策框架。First, on the legal and policy front.中国在制定2006-2010年的第十一个“五年计划”时，第一次提出了应对气候变化的具体目标，包括降低单位GDP能耗20%。

China set forward a voluntary reduction program for 2006 to 2010 period, including 20% reduction in energy intensity per unit of GDP.为实现这个目标，中国修订了《节约能源法》、《可再生能源法》等法律，制定了严格的节能指标考核制度，完不成任务的地方领导人将面临严格的问责制。

To achieve this, we amended the Law on Energy Saving and the Law on Renewable Energy.We've also set up a strict evaluation system for energy efficiency.This enables the central government to hold provincial leaders accountable for meeting energy efficiency targets.上个月，中央政府在网站上公布了2008年各省区节能目标考核结果。全国31个省区中，26个省为“超额完成”或“完成”等级。由于增加了透明度，未完成目标的省区面临公众很大的压力。

Last month, the evaluation result for 2008 was released on the web for all to access.Out of 31 provinces and regions, 26 fulfilled emission reduction targets.One can't underscore enough the importance of having such transparency as it places great pressure on those who are not meeting the target.从表格上可以看出来，北京市做得不错，超额完成了当年指标，而且已完成了2010年20%目标的17%。而新疆则落后了一些，如期完成目标有很大困难，需要得到许多支持。

Beijing is doing better, over-fulfilling its target for 2008, with over 7%.I am sure the Olympics helped.It has already achieved over 17% for the 20% target of 2010.At the bottom, you can see Xinjiang.It is lagging far behind and looks unlikely to meet the target and would need a lot of help.第二，采取严格的产业政策，鼓励清洁发展。

Secondly, now the industries have to take very tough decisions to achieve clean development.政府严格控制新建高排放、高污染项目，淘汰现有落后产能。可以理解，落实这项措施一开始会很困难，遇到一些阻力，因为关闭高污染企业意味着就业岗位的损失。

Projects with high emission can no longer go ahead and some existing high emitters are being phased out.It is understandably difficult to push through such reforms and there is, inevitably, resistance.Being a developing country, shutting down factories means job losses for many who need them.比如，中国提出5年内拆除淘汰5000万千瓦(50GW)老发电机装机容量的目标提前一年半完成，使单位发电的煤耗降低了20%。但这项措施导致40万人面临再就业问题。

For example, we have achieved cutting down the average consumption of coal per unit of power by 20%, by demolishing the high-polluting and inefficient power plants.But it led to the loss of 400,000 jobs.第三，大力发展清洁替代能源。

So the third point is that we have increased and will continue to increase the percentage of cleaner alternative energy sources.低碳和新能源产业正在成为中国经济的新亮点，许多英国公司也在与中国开展清洁能源项目的合作。今年1-9月,中国新增发电装机容量中，清洁能源占到1/3。

Low-carbon and energy conservation have become new growth sectors in China.Many British companies are actively involved in clean development projects in China.In the first 9 months of this year, clean energy contributed a third of China's newly added power capacity.目前，中国在太阳能热水器使用、太阳能光伏发电累计容量和水电装机容量方面均居世界第一。你们可能还不知道，1/10的中国家庭用上了太阳能，在中国可以看到许多新住宅的屋顶上装上了太阳能板。我自己家的公寓也是使用太阳能供热的，据家里人说今年冬天的使用效果很好。中国人对清洁能源如此热衷，表明我们下决心追求更美好的未来。

China now ranks as first in the world for solar heating and photovoltaic generation, as well as installed hydro power capacity.You may be surprised to know, 1 in 10 families in China already use solar energy.That includes my family.Many new buildings in Chinese cities are equipped with solar energy.The fact that the Chinese people are so keen to adopt clean energy is an excellent indicator of our dedication to a better future.第四，增加森林碳汇。我们都知道树能吸收二氧化碳，中国人民对植树十分热情，在联合国环境署倡议的“全球10亿棵树”活动中，中国人种了26亿棵树，也就是人均2棵，一个多么令人震惊的数字。

Next, let's talk about trees and reforestation.We all know how trees can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.Chinese people have really taken tree-planting to heart.It has even become fashionable for young couples to plant trees to mark their wedding.China has planted more trees than any other country in the world, with 2.6 billion trees planted.That is 2 trees per individual, an incredible number.第五，我们知道要切实实现减排的宏伟目标，唯一的手段是通过发展科学和技术，这就是为什么中国加大了应对气候变化的科研投入。中国已成为各种新能源技术的巨大实验基地。Last but not least, the only means for China to really achieve its ambitious plan is through science and technology.This is why China is investing heavily in research and development.The country has become a giant laboratory for testing all kinds of clean energy technologies.为应对国际金融危机，中国在新增4万亿元(4000亿英镑)的经济刺激方案中，应对气候变化相关投资达15%。我想你们会认为这不是一个小的数额，特别是考虑到我们正处在金融危机当中。

In the latest stimulus package worth 400 billion pound, 15% was invested in addressing climate change.I am sure you will agree that it is a huge amount by any standard, especially during the financial crisis.经过努力，中国节能减排取得明显进展，有望如期完成2010年目标。仅提高能效一项，中国就有望在2006-2010年间减少二氧化碳排放15亿吨。这个数字与世界上其他任何国家的减排努力相比都毫不逊色。

Thanks to all these efforts, China is well on track to reach our targets set for 2010.That would mean a reduction in CO2 emissions of 1.5 billion tons in five years by 2010.This is an achievement that compares well with the efforts of other countries.在今年9月召开的联合国气候变化峰会上，胡锦涛主席宣布中国将进一步采取应对气候变化的措施。上周四，中国政府宣布了2020年行动目标，包括： At the UN climate change summit last September, President Hu Jintao stated that China would take even further steps to counter climate change.To follow up, the Chinese government has announced its targets for 2020 based on 2005 levels.森林面积比2005年增加4000万公顷，这个面积相当于英国领土的1.5倍。They include:-bringing down CO2 per unit of GDP by 40-45%,-increasing the ratio of non-fossil energy to 15%,-expanding forest coverage by 40 million hectares, that is bigger than one and half times the size of United Kingdom.我们将把这些目标作为约束性和可核查指标纳入中国的发展中长期规划。

We will make all these into compulsory and verifiable targets, within the framework of our domestic development program.但是，希望能理解，完成这些目标会越来越困难。请允许我说明一下为什么是这样。

I hope you will appreciate that achieving these targets and further reducing emission will get increasingly harder.Let me elaborate on that point.中国已经关闭了很多高耗能工厂，也就是说，容易做的已经做了。1990-2005年间，中国单位GDP能耗下降了47%，预计2005-2010年将再下降20％。进一步提高能效，将付出更高成本、做出更多牺牲。

We have already closed down many of the old and high energy consuming factories, That is to say, the easier part is done.Between 1990 to 2005, the per unit GDP energy consumption came down by 47% and between 2005 to 2010 it will again come down by 20%.The next will be raising the energy efficiency of the remaining plants.It's going to cost more and involve more sacrifice to reduce further.这也就是为什么科技研发对中国是如此重要，只有创新方能干使中国实现这个跨越。也是由于这个原因，我们希望发达国家转让技术和提供能力支持。

This is why investing in research and development is so critical for us, as only innovation can help China to make that leap.And this is why we are looking to developed countries for technology transfer and capacity building.国际能源署预测，如果中国实现了2020年目标，届时中国一年即可减排10亿吨二氧化碳。这将是一个巨大的成就，因为我们还是一个发展中国家，同时还面临着发展的巨大任务。According to the International Energy Agency, if China fulfils its target for 2020, it will have reduced its emissions of CO2 by 1 billion tons.That will be a great achievement, given that we are a developing country and we have equally pressing survival priorities.下面我将详细谈谈这个问题。虽然中国经济总量有望不久成为世界第二，但很多人经常忘记中国还是一个发展中国家这一事实。

If you would allow me, I'd like to expand on this point;China may soon become the 2nd largest economy in the world.Yet it remains a developing country.This is something that many people often forget.中国人均GDP刚过3000美元，分别是英国、美国的1/

15、1/20，在世界排名第104位，排在牙买加和纳米比亚之后。

China's per capita GDP has just passed 3,000 US dollars.UK and US are 15 to 20 times that of China.China is behind Jamaica and Namibia.请大家回答我一个问题：英国在历史上是哪年处于中国目前的人均水平？根据英国经济学Angus Maddison的计算，答案是1913年。

Now, let me ask you all a question: In which year in history do you think Britain was at the same income level China now is at? According to British economist Angus Maddison, the answer is the year 1913.下面这个数字可能让你们一些人吃惊，中国目前仍有1.35亿人每天生活费不足1美元。我们熟视无睹的最基本生活需求，比如说水，在中国一些地区都是人们不可及的。

In per capita GDP terms, China only ranks at 104th place in the world.It might be a surprise to some of you that China has 135 million people living under one dollar a day.Sometimes even the most basic things that we take for granted, like water, are beyond the reach of some Chinese people.例如，在中国西北的甘肃省，有些地方非常缺水，一个村子的农民一辈子只洗三次澡，出生的时候、结婚的时候，还有死的时候。

Take for example, in China's northwest, water is so scarce that farmers in a village in Gansu province only take three baths in their entire life, at birth, at marriage and at death.当我们讨论气候变化的时候，我们常常只是谈论科学事实和数据，但我们不应忘记还有人的因素。

When discussing climate change, we tend to talk mostly about facts and figures, but we should not forget that, there is also the human dimension.想象一下，当这个村庄通电之后(中国正在实现村村通电)，不仅农民可以打机井从地下深处取水，他们的孩子们也能从电视上看到外面的精彩世界，他们当然会梦想一个更好的生活，得到许多的东西。

Imagine when electricity reaches this Gansu village, which is what China has been doing, bringing electricity to every village, not only are the farmers able to drill deeper for water, but also their children would be able to watch TV for the first time and see the wonderful outside world.They of course will dream about a better life and all the things that come with it.我们能告诉他们：你们没有权利拥有我们所拥有的生活吗？

我们能告诉他们：你们不能像电视里看到的上海人或伦敦人一样生活吗？ 为什么这些孩子不能拥有IPOD、手提电脑和冰箱，甚至汽车呢？

Who are we to tell them, that they have no right to have what we have? Who are we to tell them that they can't live like the people in Shanghai or London they see on TV? Why can't they have ipods, laptops and refrigerators, or even cars? 这就是在应对气候变化问题中的人的因素，这也是挑战之所在。This is the human dimension, and this is the challenge.中国的使命就在于，如何使13亿人都有机会实现他们的梦想，但是是要以对环境负责的方式来实现。

China's difficult mission is to enable all of its 1.3 billion people to have the opportunity to realize their dreams, but to achieve it in a environmentally responsible way.现在让我们回到前面说的中国是第一大排放国的问题上。如果看人均排放量，中国是4.6吨，而美国是20吨，英国是10吨。比较来看，不能说中国是“对能源贪婪”吧？

Now let's come back to the point about China being the world's biggest CO2 emitter.If you look at the figures in per capita terms, an average Chinese person's emission is 4.6 tons.An average American emits 20 tons, in the yellow colour and Britain 10 tons in the blue colour.You can hardly call China energy greedy, can you? 但根据《金融时报》的一项民调，63%的美国人认为中国应做出最多的减排努力。这就好像是一个总吃4片面包的人，要求另外一个刚刚得到第一块面包的人去节食。

Yet, according to an FT survey, 63% of Americans believe that China is not doing enough and that it should undertake more emission reduction.It feels like a person taking 4 pieces of bread asking the person who got the first piece of bread to go on diet.从1750年到2005年，全球累计排放的二氧化碳中，发达国家排放占了80%。时至今日，发达国家人口只有世界的20%，每年排放却占到55%。因此，在排放问题上，发达国家和发展中国家完全不能类比。

Between 1750 and 2005, developed countries accounted for 80% of the world's CO2 emissions.Even today, with only 20% of the world's population, developed countries pump more than 55% of the total emissions into the atmosphere.So when it comes to emissions, developed and developing countries can't be compared like for like, not to be painted in the same brush.正是由于这个原因，我们非常重视《联合国气候变化框架公约》确定的“共同但有区别的责任”原则。归根到底，这是一个涉及公平和平等的发展权利的问题。

This is why we attach so much importance to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which set out the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.This is ultimately about fairness and equal right to development.再过5天，哥本哈根会议就要召开了，这是各国合作应对气候变化的一次里程碑式的会议，国际社会对此寄予厚望。中国认为，为确保会议取得成功，必须做到以下三个方面：

The Copenhagen conference will commence in 5 days' time.It will be a major milestone in the global effort to tackle climate change and the people of the world have high hopes on its outcome.For Copenhagen to be successful, China believes several things need to happen.一是要确定发达国家在《京都议定书》第二承诺期里应该承担的大幅减排指标，并确保未批准《京都议定书》的发达国家承担与其他发达国家具有可比性的减排承诺。

First, developed countries should undertake to achieve substantial emission reduction targets for the second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol.Countries that have not signed up to the Kyoto Protocol should formulate similar reduction targets.二是要做出有效机制安排，确保发达国家根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》的规定和巴厘路线图的规定，向发展中国家提供资金、技术转让和能力建设方面的支持和帮助。

Second, effective mechanisms should be set up to ensure that developed countries provide financial and technological support to developing countries.三是发展中国家在得到资金、技术和能力建设支持和帮助的情况下，在可持续发展的框架下，根据各自国情采取适当的减缓行动。

Third, developing country should also adopt mitigation measures according to their national conditions, within the framework of sustainable development and with financial and technological support from the developed countries.中国总理温家宝将出席哥本哈根会议。中国愿意发挥建设性的作用，推动会议取得成功。在这个进程中，我们期待着与英国和世界其他国家密切合作。

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao will attend the conference.China is willing to play a constructive role in bringing the negotiations to a successful conclusion.We look forward to close cooperation with the UK and the rest of the world in this process.归根到底，气候变化是一个全球性挑战，只有通过全球合作才能解决。作为一位母亲，我希望我的女儿和后代能呼吸新鲜空气，在一个良好的环境中生活。让我们共同努力，确保我们的子孙生活在一个更加美好的世界。All in all, climate change is a global challenge, which can only be resolved through global cooperation.As a mother, I do hope my daughter and the future generations will breathe clean air and live in a good environment.So countries should work together as partners to make sure that our children inherit a better world.谢谢大家。Thank you.

第五篇：中国驻英国大使傅莹在英语联盟的演讲

更好地了解中国 ——在英语联盟的演讲 中国驻英国大使 傅莹 2009年12月10日 Understanding China Speech at the English Speaking Union China's Ambassador to UK.Fu Ying December, 2009

尊敬的亨特勋爵，女士们、先生们： Lord Hunt, Ladies and Gentlemen, 很高兴应英语联盟之邀做丘吉尔讲座，索姆斯女男爵（丘吉尔之女）的光临令我深感荣幸。

It is a great honor for me to be invited to speak at the Churchill Lecture.And it is a special honor to have Lady Soames with us in the audience.丘吉尔爵士一生成就斐然，曾担任英语联盟的第一任主席，足见他致力于通过英语促进和平、增进了解的决心。

Sir Winston Churchill was a man of many great accomplishments.The fact that he was the first Chairman of the ESU, is a clear indication of his commitment to promoting peace and understanding across the world through the use of the English language.24年前我在英国留学的时候，曾到查特韦尔的丘吉尔故居参观，在那儿买了一本丘吉尔自传。当时对我来说，买课外书是一件很奢侈的事，所以很珍惜，把那本书一字不漏地从头读到尾。

When I was a student in the UK 24 years ago, I bought his autobiography when visiting Chartwell House.Buying books was luxury for me at that time and I valued it and read from cover to cover.丘吉尔爵士勤奋好学的态度深深感染了我。当他还是后座议员时，这位聪明的年轻人已经在下议院中脱颖而出。他在自传中讲到，没有勤奋就不可能有聪明。他谈到每次在议会发言，哪怕只是提一个2分钟的问题，都会花上几个小时甚至几天的时间在议会大厦走廊的图书架上查阅大量资料，研究事情的背景，做认真准备。

I was deeply struck by Sir Winston’s attitude towards learning.When still a backbencher, he already distinguished himself in the Commons and was seen as a bright young man.He explained that no one can be bright, without learning and disclosed how he devoted hours and days finding the background of the facts from books in the corridors of Westminster every time before asking the two-minute question.这对我很有启发，尤其是当我在学习中遇到困难的时候。直到今天，我对自己做的每一场演讲和接受的每次采访都精心准备，当然也包括今天这场演讲。我留学英国时，也曾在牛津大学参加过英语联盟办的演讲和辩论技巧培训班，我要借此机会表示感谢。今天是检验培训对我是否起作用的好机会，如果今天我讲得不好，也有英语联盟的责任吧。

This inspired me greatly especially, when my classes got harder.To this day, I still work very hard on every speech or interview I take, including this one and I thank the English Speaking Union for giving me a unique training course in Oxford for speaking and debating skill during my study in UK.I hope the training worked for me or, if you judge me to be a poor speaker today, at least you know where part of the blame lies.我演讲的主题是：更好地了解中国。

Today, I have entitled my speech as Understanding China.根据美国一家专门跟踪全球媒体报道的研究机构—全球语言监控机构的统计，过去10年最热门的新闻中，中国崛起占据榜首，甚至大大超过9·11恐怖袭击和伊拉克战争。

According to Global Language Monitor, an American research body following the global media reporting, on its list of the Top News Stories of the Decade, the rise of China came as the first, even well ahead of 9/11 and the war in Iraq.的确，2009年很可能将被作为中国迈向发挥世界大国作用的转折之年而载入史册。

But I think 2009 will probably be remembered in our history, as China’s transition into playing a major role in the world.我在伦敦能清楚地感受到，中国正在走上世界舞台。在G20伦敦金融峰会上，中国与美国、英国和其他国家的密切合作显示出，中国已经进入处理全球事务的中心舞台。

Here in London, I could clearly sense China’s emergence onto the world stage.During the G20 London Summit, the close cooperation between China, US, UK and other countries shows that China has come to the centre stage of addressing global issues.美国总统奥巴马不久前访华时谈到，中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用是过去20年最重大的事件之一。他说，美国对此表示欢迎，并期待成为中国有效的伙伴。

During his recent visit to China, President Obama referred to China’s playing a larger role in global events as one of the most important things happened over the last two decades.He welcomed it and said that US looked forward to being an effective partner with China.然而，西方世界的很多人仍然觉得了解中国是件很难的事。而中国也有民众对西方世界到底用意如何有疑虑。

However, many people in the Western world find it difficult to understand China.On the other hand, there is also wariness on the part of the Chinese people about the Western world’s intention on China.那么，中国到底是一个什么样的国家呢？其实很难用一句简单的话来回答，因为中国太大了，太多样化了，变化太快了。在我看来，今天的中国究其实质，是一个具有多重性特征的大国。

So after all, how can one define China? I’m afraid it defies a simple answer.China is too big, too diverse and too fast changing to be characterized easily.I would say that China is a multi-faceted power.下面请允许我具体介绍一下： Let me explain what I mean.第一，中国是一个在过去30年中实现高速发展的国家。

First, China is a country that is rapidly transformed over the past 30 years.China’s leapfrogging progress can be seen in the following figures:

1996年，中国GDP是1万亿元，到2008年则增长到20万亿元，13年的时间里增长了20倍，成为世界第三大经济体。2008年，中国一天创造的经济价值超过1952年一年的总量。中国利用快速增加的财富使2.5亿人在过去的30年里摆脱了贫困。因此，当我看到联合国关于消除饥饿的报告时，不禁为中国取得的成就而感到自豪，中国用占世界仅7%的可耕地，养活了占世界20%的人口。In 1996, China’s GDP was 1 trillion Yuan, that was about 100 billion Pounds.In 2008, it grew to20 trillion Yuan(2 trillion Pounds).This means that in 13 years’ time, the Chinese economy has grown 20 times, turning into the 3rd largest economy in the world.The national wealth created in one day in 2008 was larger than the total annual output of 1952.With the newly gained wealth, China has lifted 250 million people out of poverty in the past 30 years.So when I read the UN hunger report, I do feel proud for what China has achieved, with only 7% of the world’s arable land feeding 20% of the world’s population.在中国悠久的历史中，吃饭问题一直是头等大事。记得一直到８０年代，人们见面打招呼的方式都是问：“吃了吗？”。现在，如果你问我女儿这代人“吃了吗？”，他们会觉得你这人大概有毛病。

Throughout China’s long history, food was always a big concern for the Chinese people and I remember that until the 1980s, the Chinese people greeted each other by asking “Have you had your meal?” But for my daughter’s generation, if you greet them in this way, they might think you have a problem.当然，中国缺乏在世界舞台上操作的历史经验，我们仍然在学习和适应自己新的全球角色。而且我们仍然需要将大部分精力投入到处理国内问题上。

Naturally, China is still learning and adjusting to its new global role, as it lacks historical experience of operating on the global stage and also it is still very much preoccupied by domestic concerns and challenges.这引出了我要说的第二点：中国仍然是一个发展中国家。中国存在的弱点和挑战我们中国人自己看得最清楚。

That lead to my second point, China is still a developing country.We in China are more conscious of our weaknesses and the challenges facing our country.中国人均GDP刚达到3000美元多一点，居世界104位，排在牙买加和纳米比亚之后。而英国的人均GDP是中国 的13倍。各位是否还记得英国历史上哪一年处于同样的收入水平？根据英国经济学家安格斯·麦迪森的测算，那要追溯到1913年。

People tend to forget that China’s GDP in per capita term is only a little more than 3,000 dollars, ranking us as 104th in the world.We are behind countries like Jamaica and Namibia.UK’s per capita GDP is 13 times higher than China.I wonder if you remember when in history the United Kingdom was at this income level? According to British Economist Angus Maddison: It was as far back as 1913.中国仍处在世界产业链的低端，中国产品的很多设计和关键部件都依赖进口。中国也许要出口一个集装箱的鞋袜，才能买来一个小小的电脑芯片。China’s manufacturing is at a fairly low value added level and most of the made in China products are made with the world as the design and key parts are often imported.We may have to export a container full of shoes and socks to pay for a tiny computer chip.中国发展不平衡的问题也相当突出。许多外国人看到北京和上海，以为那就是中国，但若去中国广大的西部地区看看，肯定会得出截然不同的结论。中国还处在工业化、城镇化的早期，65%的人口是农民。有1.35亿人每天生活费不足1美元。我们不能因为所取得的成就而骄傲自满，这也正是为什么中国领导人常说，要有忧患意识，居安思危。

China also faces the serious challenge of uneven development.Many foreigners come to vibrant Beijing or Shanghai and think they have seen China.But for those who have visited China’s far west, will have a different experience and understanding.China is still in the early stage of industrialization and urbanization, with sixty five percent of its people live in the rural areas.You may be surprised to know that one hundred and thirty five million Chinese people live under less than one dollar a day.We can’t be conceited with what we have achieved.This is why Chinese leaders often say that we need to be aware of the difficulties and risks, even when we are enjoying stability and prosperity.当然，这并不意味着我们会无视世界对中国承担全球责任日益上升的期待。因此，我想说的第三点是，中国正在学习承担更大的国际责任。

That is not to say that China should ignore the growing expectations in the world for China to take on global responsibilities.So my third point is about China learning to undertake new international responsibilities.正如国家主席胡锦涛所说，中国的前途命运与世界的前途命运前所未有地紧密联系在一起。

As the Chinese President Hu Jintao remarked, China’s destiny has never been so closely linked with the destiny of the world.我想，中国崛起之所以成为热门话题，也是因为许多人不确定中国强大后将如何运用自身实力，中国能否摆脱国强必霸的窠臼。

One of the reasons why the rise of China was such a hot topic is that, many people, especially scholars can’t be certain how China is going to exert its influence as a new world power and would China too fall into the track of military expansion of the previous powers.事实上，中国作为经济大国对世界并不是什么新鲜事。在18世纪以前的几个世纪里，中国一直是世界上经济发展最强盛的国家，GDP一度占世界一半以上。但是，中华文明没有谋霸的基因，而只是一个朝代接一个朝代地修筑长城，以阻挡游牧部族。

What I want to say is that China being an economic power is not new to the world.It was the most important economic powerhouse for hundreds of years before the 18th Century.Its manufacturing was at times more than half of the world’s total.However, expansionism was not in China’s cultural genes.In Dynasty after dynasty, the Chinese built up the Great Wall to fend off the nomadic tribes.进入21世纪，中国通过对外积极贸易获得经济发展，并且得益于相对和平的国际环境。在当今全球化的世界里，各国的利益高度融合，相互联系和依存日益紧密。因此，中国确定的对外关系的基调是追求和平、发展与合作。

Coming into the 21st century, China gained economic growth mainly through active trading with the world and by benefiting from a relatively peaceful world environment.Today we live in a globalised world with an unprecedented degree of interdependences among countries and the convergence of their interests.That is why China set the tone for its relationship with the world as: peace, development and cooperation.美国国务卿希拉里访问中国的时候采用了一个中国成语 “同舟共济”，这个成语表现了时代的精神，反映了金融危机中，中国与美国以及欧洲国家关系的状态。Secretary Hillary Clinton, when visiting China, captured this spirit of the times with a Chinese idiom “fighting the storm in the same boat”.This accurately depicts the nature of China’s relationship with the United States, Europe and all other countries amidst the financial crisis.1992年，当我参加联合国维和行动时，总有人问我，你是韩国人还是菲律宾人？现在，中国是联合国常任理事国当中参加联合国维和行动人数最多的国家，累计14000人次。中国也为世界减贫和发展事业做出贡献，中非关系就是很好的例证。In 1992 when I was serving with a UN peace keeping mission, I was always asked are you from Korea or Philippines? Now, among the P5, China is the largest troop contributing country to the UN peace keeping missions worldwide, totaling 14 000.China has also been a serious contributor to global poverty reduction and development efforts.China-Africa relationship is a good case in point.温家宝总理在中非论坛上提出了推进中非合作的8项新举措，除了为非洲国家提供优惠贷款，免除最不发达国家债务等，还将在非洲建５０所学校，培训1500名校长和老师，将奖学金名额增至5500名。中英两国也在探讨在一些非洲项目上合作的可能性。

Premier Wen Jiabao announced at the recent China-Africa Cooperation Forum a series of assistance to African countries.Apart from offering concessional loans and removing debts, China will also build 50 new schools, train 1,500 headmasters and teachers, and give 5,500 scholarships.China and UK are also exploring possibilities working together on some of the African projects.鉴于哥本哈根会议升温，我下面谈一谈中国在应对气候变化问题上发挥的作用。中国赞同减排，以阻止全球变暖的趋势。在中国，极端天气越来越多，另外在经济高速发展的同时，也带来了严重的环境问题，亟待解决。

Now, with the Copenhagen Conference heating up, I should also mention China’s role in the global fight against climate change.China believes in the need for cutting emission to counter global warming.We are experiencing more bouts of extreme weather.The fast economic growth has also resulted in serious environmental damages which urgently need to be addressed.中国虽然仍然是一个发展中国家，也自愿采取了降低排放强度的措施，并制定了到2020年进一步将单位GDP碳强度降低40-45%的目标。中国将把森林覆盖面积扩大4000万公顷，相当于英国国土面积的1倍半。据国际能源署估计，如果中国到2020年能兑现上述目标，二氧化碳排放量将减少 10亿吨，这将是一个了不起的成就。

Though a developing country, China started voluntary reduction of its emission intensity and set new targets for 2020 to further reducing its carbon intensity per unit of GDP by 40-45%.China will also continue to expand forest coverage by 40 million hectares, that is bigger than one and half times the size of UK.According to the International Energy Agency, if China fulfils its target for 2020, it will have reduced its emissions of CO2 by 1 billion tons.That will be a great achievement.但我们在讨论气候变化时，不能只看到数字和现象，还要看到其中人的因素。想像一下，当一个中国农村通上电以后，农民们能打更深的水井，他们的孩子也能第一次看上电视，从中了解多彩的外部世界。他们当然期盼更高的生活水平、更多的物质享受。

But when discussing climate change, the issue in not only related to facts and figures, there is also the human dimension.Imagine when electricity reaches a Chinese village, not only are the farmers able to drill deeper for water, but also their children would be able to watch TV for the first time and see the wonderful outside world.They of course will dream about a better life and all the things that come with it.谁能对他们说，你们没有权利享受从电视里看到的上海人或伦敦人的生活？如何让13亿人民都有机会实现梦想，并且是以对环境负责任的方式来实现，这是中国面临的艰巨的使命。我们实现这个跨越的唯一的出路在于加大科技的投入。Who are we to tell them that they have no right to the kind of life in Shanghai or London they see on TV? China’s difficult mission is to enable all of our 1.3 billion people to have the opportunity to realize their dreams, but to achieve it in an environmentally responsible way.The only way we will make that leap is through investing in science and technology.中国主张权利与责任应当平衡。中国人均排放二氧化碳4.6吨，而美国和英国人均分别为20吨和8.7吨。从1750年到2005年，发达国家的排放占世界总排放的80%。即使到今天，发达国家人口虽然只占世界人口20%，排放量仍占全球55%。这就是为什么我们在哥本哈根会议上主张，发达国家应当根据“共同但有区别的责任”原则，承担减排的主要责任，并增加对发展中国家的技术转移和资金支持。这是一个涉及公平和平等的发展权利的问题。

China believes in a balance between rights and obligations.China’s emission per person is 4.6 tons, compared with 20 tons in America and 8.7 tons in Britain.Between 1750 and 2005, developed countries accounted for 80% of the world’s CO2 emissions.Even today, with only 20% of the world’s population, developed countries pump more than 55% of the total emissions into the atmosphere.That is why we support the idea that developed countries should take the lead in emission reduction in Copenhagen according to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and that they should increase technology transfer and funding for developing countries.This is ultimately about fairness and equal right to development.中国与世界的关系仍在演变之中。扩大中国对外部世界的了解和外部世界对中国的了解，对增进彼此理解与合作至关重要。中国热情地拥抱世界，英语热方兴未艾。每年新增英语学习者超过2000万。北京奥运会是一个重要的推动器，奥运前后，家庭主妇、出租车司机都在努力学习英语。

China’s relationship with the world is still evolving.Greater knowledge of the outside world and greater knowledge by the outside world of China are essential to greater understanding and cooperation between China and the world.China is embracing the world with enthusiasm and English learning has become very popular.20 million more people take up English learning every year.Olympics was a great promoter and even housewives and taxi-drivers were learning English before the games.事实上，语言障碍可以是影响理解的重要因素。我可以举一个例子，邓小平在上世纪90年代提出，中国外交一个重要原则是“韬光养晦”。当时世界进入重大变革，一些人想将中国拖入围绕冷战的是是非非而进行的争论中。邓小平引用的这句古语是说，不要试图做超出自己能力的事情。他是强调我们应当集中精力发展自己的经济。直到今天，这仍然是中国外交的重要指导原则。

Indeed, the language barrier can be a big factor affecting understanding.To give you an example, an important principle in China’s diplomacy is “Taoguangyanghui”(stay away from the limelight), which was proposed by Deng Xiaoping in the 1990s.It was time of great changes in the world and some people wanted to draw China into the debate in the world about the right and wrongs of the cold war and its related issues.By quoting a historical proverb, Mr.Deng, wanted to say that we should focus on our own economic development and refrain from attempting things beyond us.This is still a guiding principle for us.但不知道出于什么动机，一个美国学者将这句话翻译成：“咬紧牙关、等待时机”，不难想象这将如何为“中国威胁论”推波助澜。

For whatever reason, an American scholar translated it for the Pentagon as “biting the teeth and waiting for the time”.One doesn’t need much imagination to see how this can fuel the China threat theory.很多关于中国的误解在某种程度上都因交流不畅造成。奥巴马总统访华时，国际媒体完全忽略了中国网民们和中国媒体上关于中美关系、中国与世界关系的热烈讨论。

Many misunderstanding of China are to some extent a result of miscommunication.When President Obama was visiting China, some media completely ignored the warm debate among the Chinese bloggers on the Chinese web and media, about China US relations and about China and the world.中国现在有2000种报纸、9000种杂志，每年出版新书23万种。中国还有互联网用户3.6亿人，博客用户1.8亿人。在中国，公众和舆论界言论活跃，对几乎每件事都发表看法，其中既有很多积极肯定的观点，也有不少批评的意见。In China, there are 2000 newspapers and 9000 magazines.230,000 books are published every year.There are 360 million internet users including 180 million bloggers.So there is a very lively public expressing their views sometimes positive and sometimes critical on almost everything.但外部世界很少有人能够跟上这股快速发展的信息流。在中西方信息交流中，中国读到关于西方的东西一向要远远多于西方读到关于中国的东西。中国早在上世纪20年代就开始大量翻译介绍西方的文学和科学书籍，现在力度更大，翻译作品有着广泛的阅读群体。一个中国学生要考大学，就不可能不了解一些英国文学和工业革命的历史。而且随着越来越多的中国人能阅读英语，在北京、上海的书店里能看到整架整架的英文原版书籍。但这种双向交流并不平衡，在西方，甚至学校和图书馆都很少见到关于中国的书籍，更不要说在书店里了。

But very few people outside China follow this fast growing information flow.Between China and the Western world, China has always read more about the Western World than vise versa.Chinese translation of Western literature and science has grown in strength since the 1920s and is still very strong and are widely read.It is impossible for Chinese student to enter the university without knowing some British literature and the history of industrialization.Now with more Chinese reading English, you can find shelves of original English books in the bookstores in Chinese cities.However this two way traffic is not evenly matched, as you can find very little about China even in the school and university libraries, let alone in the book shops.随着时间的推移，老一代翻译家渐渐淡出历史舞台。翻译了中国古典名著《红楼梦》的牛津大学语言学家霍克思先生在今年夏天离世。春天我到他家里访问时可以感受到先生的寂寥，他的译作在英国社会里也鲜有人知。在中国，曾将不少中国名著和诗歌翻译成英文的著名翻译家杨宪益先生也与世长辞。我们亟需培养新一代像霍先生、杨先生那样的翻译大家。

As time moves on we are seeing the older generation of language experts fading away.David Hawkes, a Sinologist at Oxford, who translated the ancient Chinese classic The Story of the Stone passed away last summer.When I visited him at his home last spring, I could not help realizing his loneliness.His great work is little known here.On the Chinese side, the famous Chinese translator who turn many Chinese classics and poems into English, Mr.Yang Xianyi also passed away recently.We now urgently need a new generation of Chinese-English translators to continue the work and efforts of great men like them.中国已经向世界伸出了手，目前在包括英国在内的87个国家建立了282个孔子学院和241个孔子课堂。我们高兴地看到，世界握住了中国伸出来的手。China has stretched out its hand to the world.There are now 282 Confucius Institutes and 241 Confucius Classrooms set up in 87 countries, including in the UK.We are glad that the world is taking China’s hand.在英国，越来越多的学校开设中文课程。在中国有3000名英国留学生，在英国则有8万名中国留学生，我希望他们能建立起更多沟通的桥梁。奥巴马总统在上海访问时宣布，今后4年，美国派往中国的留学生将增加到10万人，我也希望有更多的英国留学生到中国来。Here in UK, more and more schools are taking up Chinese language teaching.There are about 3000 British students studying in China and 80,000 Chinese students in the UK.I hope more bridges will be built by them.President Obama announced in Shanghai that a hundred thousand American students will come to China in the next four years.Similar measures could also be taken by this country.在结束之前，我要说，英语联盟多年来帮助中国开展英语教学，我们对此深表赞赏。你们过去几十年的努力成果丰硕，为增进中国和世界的沟通做了很大贡献。Before concluding, I want to say that we appreciate the ESU’s years of effort to cultivate the learning of English in China.What you did decades ago is bearing fruit and you can take some credit for China’s engagement with the world today.现在世界需要更好地了解中国。我希望英语联盟在新时期发挥更大的作用，成为中英伙伴关系中不可或缺的桥梁。

Now the world needs to know China better.I would like to see ESU playing a growing role in this new era and be an indispensable bridge for the partnership between China and the UK and China and the world.谢谢大家！Thank you.