谈校内大学英语口语测试成绩评定

第一篇：谈校内大学英语口语测试成绩评定

谈校内大学英语口语测试成绩评定 【摘要】目前国内大学英语教学改革如火如荼，再三强调说的能力。如何科学地测试学生学期的口语能力，使测试更好地服务于教学，推动教学改革，是一个值得思考紧迫的问题。本文就该测试的定位进行了分析，指出该测试的评估应为两大模块行为表现形成性评估及鉴定总结性评估的有机结合，并对终结性评估的注意要点进行了说明。

【关键词】口语测试；形成性评估；终结性评估

Abstract: At present, College English reform is under way, with the emphasis on the speaking ability.It is worthwhile to attach importance to the scientific way to test students’ speaking ability by the end of a term in order to serve and promote teaching.The paper explores the nature of the oral English term-test, and points out theapproach to grading should be the integration of formative assessment and summative evaluation.Furthermore, the paper elaborates on key factors in summative evaluation.Key words: oral English testing;formative assessment;summative evaluation

1．引 言

在教育部新近颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》中，听说能力的培养被放在了重要的位置。在新的教学目标中，口语教学成为了英语教学不可缺少的一部分，各大院校纷纷专门开设口语这门课程。这反映了社会之所需，时代之所趋，学生之所求。自从1999年5月大学英语开始在八个重点院校试点口试到今天，改革后的四、六级模式基本上反映了大纲中“语言测试应重点考核学生的语言基础和语言应用能力，要采用一定比例的主观试题”的要求。考试的目标不仅把语言看成一种知识体系来测量而且也强调对学生实际运用语言能力的直接考查。对于CET-SET(大学英语四、六级口试)更是如此。随着CET口语测试在全国范围内展开，各院校的口语测试的实施也在进行中。目前，据笔者所知，一般院校的教师大部分缺乏组织口语测试的经验和方法，对学生口语成绩的评定带有很大的任意性，缺乏科学的指导与规范。另外，关于测试方面的研究文章也多涉及大规模的测试，对于与一线教学有关的校内阶段性成绩测试或诊断性测试研究方面的论述甚少。本文将讨论校内英语口语测试的定位，以及如何科学公正地考察学生的口语成绩。

2．校内英语口语测试的定位

教、学和评估三者的结合体现了课堂教学的完整性。英语口试是语言交际能力测试的重要手段，考查的是学习者运用英语作为一种交流思想的口头工具的表现。它通过“说”这一言语行为测量学生实际运用语言进行交际的能力。作为校内英语口语测试，有别于大规模的CET-SET。校内英语口语测试是大学英语教学的一部分，不是全国统考。学生口语测试的学期成绩模块应该是形成性评估模块与终结性评估模块的有机结合。

形成性评估建立在正式和非正式评估方式之上，具有持续性特点，与诊断性测验直接相关。教师采用该评估方式作为正常教学和学生学习过程的有机部分，以便指导、促进学生的学习和理解。形成性评估注重学生的学习过程，强调活动过程的连续性、多样性。通过测试，教师可以迅速获取学生学习的反馈信息，从而作出判断，及时对教学内容予以调控。通过测试，学习者不断获得成就感，增强学习的自信心。

终结性评估是在学期末或学年末，针对某一课程进行的评估，它提供信息说明学生所学多少，比如，就测验结果得出的学生掌握状况和熟练程度。目的是做出教育效果的判断，从而区别优劣、分出等级或鉴定合格。终结性评价考察最终效果，因此它是对教育活动全过程的检验，一般在教育过程结束后进行，是用来对学生的学习做出结论和判断，或者用于证明和选拔的。CET-SET属于终结性测试，学生口语测试的学期成绩模块中的一部分也应该包含着终结性评估模块。

3．形成性评估模块

传统的大学英语口语对学生成绩的评定大多采用的是终结性评估。不可否认，通过该方式，教师能从某些方面检查学生的学习情况，但同时也存在着一些问题，如，教师不能对学习过程中的问题进行充分的、及时的分析和解决。相反，形成性评估的任务是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩等做出评价，激励学生学习，帮助学生有效调控自己的学习过程，目的是使学生获得成就感、增强自信心。在教学过程中，教师可以加强对学生在学习过程中语言应用能力发展情况的检测。形成性评估可以使学生脚踏实地实现一个个分目标，可充分发挥其引导大学英语教学改革的作用。在平时教学过程中，教师可对学生英语口语能力进行评估，检查学生是否具备一定的口头表达能力，了解学生在口语表达方面的已有能力、欠缺和学习需求，看他们是否能够就某些交流性主题或交往场面、情景进行合适的表述，帮助学生进行自我分析、诊断，以利于他们的后续学习。

形成性评估有利于全面整体性地评价学生，在很大程度上冲淡了主观性极强的终结性口语测试；在另一方面，它还可以诊断教学活动中的问题，发现教学活动的症结，及时调整教学。所以，在整体的教学活动中它应该发挥重要的作用。

形成性评估的形式灵活多变，呈现的是一个多维的、立体的画面。该画面是具有动态性，不仅教师能看到学生的发展、变化和成长，学生也能从中看到自己的不足与取得的成就。它与学生课堂行为表现密切相关；可以是分散式也可以是集中式；可以是团队进行，也可以个别评测。在课堂教学的具体实践中，教师可以通过课前五分钟的值日生汇报或一至两组对话表演小剧的不同角色替换进行；也可以通过社会实践，如记者采访，英语购物等形式进行，目的是让不同层次，不同类型的学生都有机会在口语教学评测的实践中展现自己的才华培养自己的兴趣，树立自信心，为大胆说英语打好基础。

形成性评估可以把学生的外在压力的影响降低到最低限度。学生可以采取自评、互评的方式，参与评测全过程，变被测为自测。从根本上、客观上把学生从被动地位转向主动地位，充分体现主体参与性。在经常有准备的口语教学评测中，学生接受口语评测的心理负担减轻了，胆量也增大了。口语评测本身变成了一种学生与学生之间的人际交往和再学习的过程。使语言学习的效率大大提高。而且，这种形成性的口语评测的实施也切实为终结性口语评测打下了夯实的基础。形成性评估不仅是教师对学生的评估，更是学生自身的一次次学习和实践的机会，也培养了学生合作精神，提高学生语言运用能力的过程。

随着语言教学的不断改革和进步发展，形成性评估作为一个完整的语言评测体系中不可缺少的一部分，应该在教学中得到进一步的加强，这对将来英语口语教学，学生英语口语水平的提高，有着不可估量的作用与价值。

4．终结性测试模块

作为语言教学的工具，测试必须作为系统化、科学化。在各种语言测试中，口语能力的测试是困难的、复杂的。只有在准备、组织、评定等方面作周密而细致的工作，才能使测试结果具有信度和效度。由于口语测试本身带有主观性、任意性和随机变化性，测试过程又隐含一些不稳定因素:被测试对象的心理状态、测试者的主观任意性、测试内容的模测试方法及其外界干扰等，这些都会因此影响测试的信度与效度。信度和效度正是科学的语言测试的两个根本要求,只有具备了这两个度,才达到了语言测试的目标。从测试的结果、目标来看，语言测试涉及三大部分:测试结果、所测试的行为和目标能力。测试结果和所测试的行为之间的关系决定了语言测试的可靠性或可信程度,即信度,它表现为测试结果的一致性与稳定性。所测试的行为和目标能力之间的关系决定了语言测试的有效程度或正确程度,即效度。口语测试的包括四个关键环节：被试、任务、考官和评分标准。口语测试应采取多样化的方法，真正体现口语测试的价值。

4．1 被试

考试对被测试者或多或少都会产生一种心理压力。口语测试需要面对面地交谈和即时表达，对考生来说，心理紧张程度明显高于其他测试形式。有时进行测试，教师的一言一举，甚至一个表情或语调的变化都会给被测试者造成一种无形的焦虑，影响测试的进行，也影响测试的信度。所以，每一位测试教师都应了解考生的个体差异，尽量使考生消除紧张状态。

4．2 任务

语言是交际的工具，口语考试要准确地反映口语交际的能力。设计口语考试应达到考虑以下因素：

（1）提供现实生活中真实的交际场景。

（2）充分体现语言交际的交互性。

（3）测试的出发点是提供或获取信息，非语言形式。

校内口语测试的指导思想应该与《大学英语课程教学要求》所要求的目标和方向一致。口语表达能力的一般要求如下：能在学习过程中用英语交流，并能就某一主题进行讨论。能就日常话题和来自讲英语国家的人士进行交谈。能就所熟悉的话题经准备后作简短发言，表达比较清楚，语音、语调基本正确。能在交谈中使用基本的会话策略。较高要求的英语口语能力标准是：能够和来自英语国家的人士进行比较流利的会话，较好地掌握会话策略，能基本表达个人意见、情感、观点等，能基本陈述事实、事件、理由等，表达思想清楚，语音、语调基本正确。

在大学英语学习阶段,英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成是建立在学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整体发展的基础上，口试的目标必须与此相一致,把考查目标能力,即检测学生的实际运用语言的能力作为测试的目标和指导思想并依此制定考试大纲。

试题设计是大纲的具体体现,是测试指导思想的载体,其内容是否能体现测试的指导思想,是测试效度的保证。因此,试题设计应以教学大纲为依据。试题设计的每一部分,都从考点、素材、题型、命题四个角度来谈。其基本思路是这样的:设计试卷时首先应该确定各部分需考查的内容,考查内容要覆盖学科的主干内容, 紧扣教学大纲和教材,并为考查到这些内容应该选择一些恰当的材料,选取适合不同测试情景的题型,最后则是筛选出能够测试目标的试题。

4．3 考官

在测试的场所中，考官不仅仅是考官,还是引导者、促进者,考试场所应是一个双向的语言交流场所,考生能在轻松愉快的谈话氛围中进行交流。语言测试的非自然性因素被减少到最低程度,这样学生的实际语言运用能力也就可能得到最大限度的真实再现,测试的效度就能得到保证。在测试中, 摆在考官面前的一个首要的问题是营造一个互动的、宽松的会话环境和气氛，让考生放下包袱,自如地发挥真实水平。考官的提问用语要自然简洁、口语化、准确无误。如果有可能的话，可由二位考官或多位考官参加测评。由多位考官参加评分可提高评分的可靠性和稳定性,但不同评分者的评分标准也会影响测试的信度,这就要求考官与考官之间保持评分一致,也要求同一个考官自身保持前后评分一致。如果同一考官测试前后所持的标准不一致,或不同的考官之间使用不同的评分标准,那就会在很大程度上削弱测试的可靠性。如何做到考官与考官之间保持评分一致，这可能需要口试考官进行统一培训,统一的培训可达到标准化,从而避免考官语言的难度和提问的焦点出现偏差,确保所有考生受到公平和平等的待遇。考官的语言表达的方式应被严格控制，以确保考生以同样的方式接受同样难度的提问。

4．4 评判的标准

如前所述，口语测试是主观型测试，对测试结果的评分需要评分人员的主观判断并受评分人员主观因素的影响。口语测试在很大程度上取决于是否有正确的统一的评分标准。根据大学英语教学的情况，可以采用两种常用的评分方法：整体评分法和分解评分法。保证测试的评分标准的稳定和一致,可采取制订统一的评分标准。采用百分制评分法或分解评分法(analytic scoring)与主观性较强的整体评分法

(holistic scoring)相结合。具体做法是：整体评分是总体的印象分，可从语言知识，连贯性，完成任务的优劣，交际方式恰当与否等角度来考察；分解评分标准可从语法与词汇、语音和互动交际等方面分项打分。这样细化评分标准,对评判不同分数段提供细致而周密的规定,可以使评分有具体的尺度,考官在评分时能有据可依、有据可查。采用两者相结合的方式，可正确处理好“宽”与“严”、精确与模糊的关系,从而最大限度地减少考官评分的主观性,而保证测试的信度。

5．结语

考试如同指挥棒，在教学中起到的作用是至关重要的。语言测试是为语言教学服务的。语言教学的任务是培养实际运用语言的能力，语言测试的任务则是正确评价运用语言的能力。测试作为教学过程的一个重要环节，如果设计科学、合理，会对教学产生有益的促进作用。我们必须承认，目前我国大中院校的学生口语的现状不容乐观，改进课堂教学，提高学生的实际运用英语的能力，行之有效的方法是加强测试的系统化，尤其是与教学更为紧密相关的校内英语口语测试。

参考文献

[1] Bachman,L.F.1996.Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing [M].Oxford: Oxford University Press.[2] 盖莲香.关于外语口试中教师话语行为中的分析[J].北京第二外国语学院学报, 2006,(6): 82—87.[3] 郭晓梅.论英语口语测试中的交际性[J].西南民族大学学报，2005，（25）：294—296.[4] 魏薇.大学英语口语测试中的形成性评价[J].文教资料, 2005,(24): 36—38.[5] 杨莉芳.近二十年测试研究中存在的主要问题[J].外语教学, 2006，(1): 42—46.[6] 余方敏.英语口语测试实践性评分标准研究[J].宁波大学学报, 2006，（4）：77—79.

第二篇：大学英语口语测试话题总表

大学英语口语测试话题总表

1级 格式: 1.topic

2.ideas for discussion(expressed in statements or questions)3.related words and expressions

1.my hometown 2.my family(father/mother/brother/sister)3.my favorite books and films 4.generation gap 5.Olympics 2008 6.learning English 7.College life 8.our university 9.our class 10.my dormitory and roommates 2级 格式: 1.topic

2.ideas for discussion(expressed in statements or questions)3.related words and expressions 1.Money 2.Ideal Job 3.Boyfriend/Girlfriend 4.Advertisements 5.Olympics 2008 6.Cheating in Exams 7.Star-worship 8.Pets 9.Western and Chinese films

10.Chinese festivals and western festivals 3级 格式: 1.topic

2.ideas for discussion(expressed in statements or questions)3.related words and expressions

1.Traveling 2.environment protection 3.certificate craze 4.private cars in China 5.bicycles in China 4级 格式: 1.topic

2.ideas for discussion(expressed in statements or questions)3.related words and expressions

1.Education in China 2.Part-time Job 3.Pollution 4.Population 5.Hobbies 6.Smoking 7.Internet 8.Mobile phone 9.Sports

10.Shopping Habits

一级 Band one 1.generation gap Ideas for discussion:

What is generation gap Can you cite examples to show generation gap in our lives

What do you think of generation gap Is it a good thing or bad thing How to deal with generation gap

Do you think it is possible to get rid of generation gap Why there is generation gap all the time related words and expressions fail communication false message distance contradiction ignore opposite ideas principles beliefs attitudes towards life cultural norms control radical conservative favorite music habit dressing style manners books movies games cultural values traditional opera living/educational environment outlook of the world information knowledge experience science technique society development invention tradition habit custom avoid conflicts seek understanding put your feet into other's boots respect other's choice catch up with social progress peer outlet emotion mature exchange ideas friendship between generations 2.College Life Questions for discussion You are going to talk about your college life.Read the following questions and discuss them with your partner.1.Do you enjoy your college life Why 2.Say something about the first day when you came to the college.3.What do you do in your spare time

4.Do you have any part-time jobs What do you think about part-time job 5.What do you think of your dormitory, satisfied or disappointed

6.What kind of characteristic do you think is important in your college life Language focus Here are some useful sentences and structures that you might find handy in discussing the above questions: I enjoy my college life very much / do not like my college.Because I think the campus is beautiful and facilities are wonderful.Studying in college is a brand start of our life./ Because this is not my ideal college, I do not belong here.Time flies.Recalling about the past one year, so many thoughts are flooding in my mind.When first day I came to University, I really feel that the school is very good.In my spare time, I usually play badminton / tennis / pole jump(撑杆跳高)/ skating / bowling / rock climbing.I often go to the library / computer rooms.I do part-time job on weekends.I'm delivering sample products / doing market research for a company / selling papers and magazines at a newsstand every Sunday afternoon.The most important thing, I think, is to get some work experience.Pay is secondary.I like our campus, there are so many trees and tall buildings, but at the first sight of the dormitory, something disappointing come up to me!The condition of the dormitory is really very poor with only one room, no lavatory!I like my dormitory very much.It is big enough and I have 6 wonderful roommates.During my college life, I've found that it is hard for people who lack necessary skills / are too picky to find satisfactory work.I think having enough knowledge / being confident / honest / enthusiastic is more important.I have learnt such 3.Education in China Topics for discussion: 1.Introduction of primary school in China 2.Introduction of junior middle school in China 3.Introduction of senior middle school in China 4.Introduction of higher education in China: entrance examination, fees, quality education, problems 5.Introduction of adult education in China Language focus:

I.six years of primary school 1.beginning school at 6 2.compulsory education II.three years of junior middle school 1.compulsory education III.three years of senior middle school 1.working very hard in order to be enrolled by colleges or universities 2.taking part in college entrance examination 3.severe competition between candidates IV.higher education 1.good result in college entrance examination 2.college fees and tuitions a.getting a part-time job b.getting a scholarship from the university c.applying to a bank for a loan, pay back after graduation 3.quality education at colleges a.more than just book knowledge b.cultivating students with good character c.broadening the students' knowledge d.developing their capacities e.providing them with opportunities to develop all potential gifts 4.problems a.low enrollment rate b.poor quality of teaching facilities c.not easy for the students to find a job after graduation d.lack of social experiences, book knowledge only e.some promising students may lose their chance of higher education because of poverty 5.suggested solutions a.lower the scores needed to enter college b.increase enrollment rate c.set up private colleges d.increase the investment

e.introducing advanced teaching methods f.learning from the success of other countries V.adult education 1.require another degree or diploma 2.getting more knowledge 3.more qualified for better jobs and quicker promotion 4.vocational schools: a.eager for new skills, b.be qualified for the job in trade, administration, teaching or other services 4.Our University Questions for discussion 1.Where is your school Do you like your school's surroundings

2.How many students/undergraduates/postgraduates/teachers are there in your school How many departments/majors are there in your school what are they Do you like your major Why or Why not What is your hope for your department and your major

3.What has impressed/moved you most in your school life Besides your major courses, do you select any optional courses

4.Do you often go to your school's library What do you like doing there If you like reading there, what do you usually read Why

5.There are many statues in your school.Do you know about them Which one do you like most Why

6.What do you like to do in your spare time Have you joined any clubs in your school Why or why not Do you often go to attend the lectures /concerts held in your school Do you like them Why What kind of sports do you like to do in your spare time Language Focus

founded in 1951, renamed Xi'an Shiyou University in 2003, located in the southern part/suburb of Xi'an.beautiful trees and flowers , birds, 2 high-rising teaching buildings, science laboratories, modern language laboratories, computer learning center and modern multi-media classrooms, an excellent place for learning.approximately 15,000 students/undergraduates , 500 postgraduates, over 100 overseas students from South Korea, the Republic of Kazakhstan, staff, about 1500, 12 colleges and 3 departments, 48 majors, the school of Petroleum Engineering, the school of Mechanical Engineering, the school of Electronic Engineering, the school of Economic Management, the school of Humanities, the school of Science, the school of Computer Science, the school of Continuing Education, the school of Engineering & Business, the school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Department of Resources Engineering, the Department of Material Science and Engineering, the Department of Foreign Languages, the Department of Music, the Department of Physical Education, and the Department of Postgraduates.I major in/My major isI like my major very much because..make contribution to our country's petroleum industry..I hope we can conduct more field practices to have more clear knowledge of the field work...What has impressed me most is hard-working and highly professional teachers/beautiful surroundings/colorful school life.I often go to the library to read all kinds of books--technical books/novels/specialized books/magazines-to improve/enlarge my knowledge about/gain insight into/broaden my horizonOur school provides many optional courses /minors for us to choose from: English minors, psychology, photography, business management

There are several statues on the school's campus: the Statue of Wang Jinxi, the Statue of Tang Chunyu, the Torch I like the Statue of Wang Jinxi, which reminds me of the history of Chinese Petroleum industry.I have joined the English Club.We organize some spoken contests/English corner every term to motivate other students to improve their English I will go to every lecture since I can broaden my horizon/learn something about the development of the petroleum industry/my specialty I also go to every concert held in the school because I can enjoy/get relaxed/have my temperament molded/cultivated Besides learning, I take part in a lot of sports activities: football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, table tennis, swimming, skating, judo, aerobics(健美操), physical dance(体育舞蹈)—Latin dance--, bodybuilding… 5.Olympics 2008 1.Ideas for discussion The origin of Olympics What are the Olympic spirits

Why are Olympic Games so attractive

Name some of the most popular Olympic events The significance of Olympics 2008 for China The possible problems which might be caused by Olympics 2008 in Beijing 2.Related words and phrases Chinese Olympic Committee, athlete, sportsman, coach, home team, visiting team, national team, referee, host nation flame-lighting ceremony, opening ceremony, closing ceremony, team event, individual event, men's event, women's event, finals, quarter-finals, semi-finals, in good(top, super)form, to keep(hold)a record, to break a record, to equal a record, spectator, sportsmanship, sports field(ground), sports center, gold(silver, bronze)medal, stadium, gymnasium, track events, field events, high jump, long jump, 100m dash, hurdles, long distance race, starting line, finishing line, gymnastics, swimming, diving, football, basketball, volleyball, table tennis, tennis, badminton，Other useful information

On 23 June, 1894, Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee.In 1896, the first Olympic Games of the modern era were held in Athens The Olympic Rings---the union between men, The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games emblem “Chinese Seal, Dancing Beijing” is filled with Beijing's hospitality and hopes, and carries the city's commitment to the world.The Official Mascots---Fuwa embody the natural characteristics of four of China's most popular animals--the Fish, the Panda, the Tibetan Antelope, the Swallow--and the Olympic Flame.Theme Slogan---“One World One Dream” expresses the common wishes of people all over the world, inspired by the Olympic ideals, to strive for a bright future of Mankind.In spite of the differences in colors, languages and races, we share the charm and joy of the Olympic Games, and together we seek for the ideal of Mankind for peace.The Olympic Motto---“Faster, Higher, Stronger”.The most important thing is not to win but to take part!

二级 Band Two Money Money is everything, become rich, happiness will naturally follow, a happy family life, get what you want, house, car , even love, enjoy delicious food, do what you like, good education, health, travel, entertainment, leisure;root of all evils, dishonest means to get money, piracy, cheating, stealing, robbing, drug trafficking, smuggling, kidnapping, blackmail, bribery, even murder;money is not the answer to all problems, money is a very good thing, can't do anything without money in this society.Necessary for people.But my opinion, we should just have the money we need indeed, an Angel and also a damn, make you succeed or fail immediately.So treat it in a right way.With money you can buy a house but not a home;buy a clock ,but not time;buy a bed but not sleep;can buy a book ,but not knowledge...So can buy whatever you want ,but not feel happy , because not buy substance of life.Ideal Job Most people have their ideal jobs because of different interests, abilities or goals, working in a big company, full of challenges;doctor, relieve patients from their pains;policeman, fight against and eliminate crimes, keep people safe, help people in trouble;teachers, likes to study, likes to stay with students to stay young mentally, impart knowledge, long vacation;actors/actress/movie stars, TV/radio show host /hostess, talk show host/variety show host, musician, earn more money and be famous;air hostess, high pay and travel around the world, gain insight into another culture;businessman, challenges, successful and rich;reporters, reflect social problems, report latest news;photographer, record and keep the beautiful and valuable things through camera;model, high pay, try on all kinds of beautiful dresses, show her/his own glamour;financial adviser, help other people manage their money, more income;lawyer, maintain social justice;technicians, solve problems in production;dietitian, give advice on a healthy and balanced diet My ideal job is Boyfriend/Girlfriend Many people are strongly against making boyfriends / girlfriends on campus: influence feelings/mood because of too much focus on each other's interaction with other boys or girls, interfere with study, increase in expense-thus heavy financial burden on parents, less participation in class activities, cohabit, pregnant, do harm to both feeling and bodysay goodbye after graduation Other people think it acceptable that students have boyfriends/girlfriends: comparatively pure, romantic and happy that you are together, get rid of the feeling of loneliness , help and encourage each other, In my opinion, Advertisements Advertisements can be seen everywhere: television, radio, magazine street, difficult to resist the attraction of colorful advertisements;a lot to be said in favor of advertisements: provide information, a lot of activities and institutions receive financial support through advertising, provide entertainment, gain artistic enjoyment, the slogans are witty, the situations are funny;misleading, encourage people to buy what they do not need, be cheated by false advertisement, should be alert for the deceptive words of advertisement, be interrupted by commercials when watching , but whether like or not, part of our life.the Olympics Games/Olympics

The Olympic Gamesevery four years in a different city in the world, an international sports event, Athletes compete in a variety of sports: track and field events-high jump, long jump, discus throwing, javelin throwing, 100-metre run, relay race;football, volleyball, basketball, badminton, table tennis;swimming, diving, gymnastics.Winter Olympic Games and summer Olympic Games.The Olympic Games take place in the first year of a four-year period known as an Olympiad.began in Greece more than 2 700 years ago.The first recorded Olympic competition in 776 B.C., in an outdoor stadium and about forty thousand people watched the event.The first thirteen Olympics only one race: running.The games had been held regularly for about 1200 years.Then, in the year 397 the Olympics were prohibited by the Roman Emperor.It was not until 1896 that the first Olympics of modern times were held in Athens.From then on the games are held every four years regularly.The Olympics have become the worlds most important athletic events and a symbol of sporting friendship of all the people of the world.The first Winter Olympic Games in 1924 The Games of the 29th Olympiad in 2008 are awarded to the city of Beijing.The International Olympic Committee selected the Chinese capital as the 2008 host in 2001 vote during Juan Antonio Samaranch last IOC session as president.Beijing defeated four other bidding cities, including Toronto and Paris, to secure the country's first-ever Olympics.Osaka was the first city to go out, and it only took one more round for Beijing to win the Olympic race.The announcement, read out by the 81-year-old Samaranch, was answered with wild joy from the Chinese delegation in Moscow, and with fireworks in Beijing.Beijing stage a great Olympic Games, promise to host a Green Olympics, a Hi-tech Olympics and the People's Olympics.The Chinese government has pledged to spend 20 billion U.S.dollars building sports complexes and improving the Beijing infrastructure.Beijing, the capital of China, a history of over 3, 000 years many places of historic interest in Beijing.Now a big modem city and displayed its new look to the world.During the past 20 years, Beijing has changed a lot.People in Beijing love sports and take an active part in sportstrying their best to prepare for the 2008 Olympic Gameswill be held successfully.6.Cheating in Exams 1)What kind of cheating methods do students usually take in exams 2)In your opinion, what's the effect of cheating on exams

3)What kinds of suggestions can you give to stop cheating on exams 4)What kind of academic evaluation you value most Why 5)Do you believe hard work will be rewarded with high marks Language Focus Copy from each others / take out textbooks or reference books to copy / copy from small pieces of paper prepared for the exam / use the modern communication tool / BP / mobile phone / cell phone to cheat on exams It results in an unfair competition / will destroy the creativity of those bright / brilliant / top students It will ruin the students' self-confidence / make students' self-confidence lost in the long run Society needs honest people / people who have the real academic knowledge /

The students who cheat on exams will not be the one who can meet the need of society A severe punishment should be put into effect / carried out / implemented to prevent students from cheating Great effort should be made to make students understand what kind of people does society need / society needs honest people who have the real talents The academic evaluation I prefer / value is exams / study performance Exams enable / can make students find / clearly know / their deficiency in the knowledge / subjects they learned Study performance can reflect the true level students have in their study / the result of one exam means nothing Yes, I believe.No pains, no gains No, I don't.I studied English very hard / I am so committed to learning English, but I can not get high marks in exams 7.Star-worship 1)What is star-worship

2)What kind of people can be called an “idol” to others What do they do 3)Are you an idolater or fan of someone What do fans usually do 4)Who is your favorite star In which way does he or she attract you 5)How do superstars influence you in your daily life

6)What is your opinion about the “media” Do you think it plays an important role in “star-worship” Why or why not

7)How do stars influence the society? Do you think it is good? Language Focus There are a lot of fans and idolaters blindly and fanatically admire and or even worship superstars.Most of the fans are young people with immature minds.It's easy for them to go to extremes.Fans seem to be quite fascinated by movie and television celebrities, fashion models, professional athletes, and even comic book and cartoon characters.Superstars are always celebrated for their wealth and glamour rather than their achievements and moral strength of character.Fans who worshipped Beckham engrave Beckham's name on the face, and also some spent 300 Yuan to make a small Beckham's hairstyle, or ask for his autograph and always pays special attention on his trifles collected by paparazzos.The commercialized entertainment circle has produced shining and attractive stars for fans.The mass media has exaggerated the glory and social influence of stars.~~Influenced by media reports, some young fans indulge in their distorted love toward stars and sometimes go to excessive extremes.More and more people to step onto imitate star's path, they imitate star's attire and the appearance constantly, and even some weird manners and languages.The vogue superstars represent the fashion front, so some use their social influence of their own image and bring the very great well-knowingness and enough sales volume to the product, the business have obtained huge commercial profit, promote the social economy's development.Greatness must be prepared and Rome was not built in a day.No one can succeed for nothing.Success--including the success of popular stars, is always the result of hard work and sacrifice.8.Pets Questions for discussion 1)Do you like pets Why

2)Are you keeping pet(s)at your home now What is it / are they

3)If you don't have a pet, what kind of animal(s)would you like to choose as your pet

4)What attracts you to choose it(them)5)What are the advantages to have a pet/ pets 6)What are the disadvantages Language focus Here are some useful sentences and structures that you might find handy in discussing the above questions: I like / love / am interested in pets very much.They are people's friends.I don't like / am crazy about pets.They are noisy.Yes, I have / My family owns pets, for example, a dog / a cat / a parrot / a tortoise / several fishes / a rabbit.I really like dogs / cats / birds / fishes, so I will keep one if I got the chance.I think dogs are very loyal to human / cats are clever and cute / birds sing beautiful / fishes are quiet and colorful.I think that pets are our friends.We will have fun when we play with pets and look after them.A good relationship between people and pets can be very comfortable.Dogs could keep the house safely / Cats would catch mice.Companionship is another reason for keeping pets.Pets can bring us happiness.Children will learn to concern for others, foster their love of nature/ animals, sense of responsibility.Old people may feel lonely & isolated after retired, pets will relieve their loneliness and isolation.But pets sometimes are dangerous.Sometimes, pets might damage the environment.Most pets are dirty and they have a lot of diseases with them which will make us ill.Pets shed(掉毛)everywhere, this is a burden to housewife.9.Western and Chinese films When did color film come into being

How many kinds of films are there What are they

Comparing former films and modern high-tech films, which kind do you like better and why

Which films do you think are worth watching Why Will you please introduce the brief of them

Can you tell a Chinese film which leaves you the deepest impression Why it impresses you so much

Why do young people like to watch western films

What do you think is the biggest difference between Chinese films and western films

Language focus More commercial cinemas will be opened in big cities.In Beijing, for example, the number of cinema theaters will increase by 26 to 100 by the end of 2007.Digital cinemas with smaller screens will be established in medium-sized cities.“Lower ticket prices will attract people in these places to the digital cinemas,” said Han.Those in rural areas use to watch films for free, in accordance with government policy.But film companies have not shown much interest in nonprofit projects.In the future, each film shown in a rural area will feature 10-minute ads, which is expected to change corporate attitudes.Many of Chinese films have no plots or story lines nowadays.The directors have lost patience to tell a complete story, and they call this fashion.Some so-called grand works(Dapian)cost tens of millions of RMB to be made, but it seems to common audience that they are only aimed to excite the director himself.Among these, Wuji, directed by Chen Kaige is a typical example.10.Chinese festivals and western festivals 1)Can you find some common things / similarities between Chinese festivals and western festivals

2)Do you think culture has some influences on their festivals 3)Which festivals would you prefer to observe nowadays-Chinese festivals or western festivals Why

4)Which western festival is the most popular one in China, according to your opinion Why(List out the reasons why it is popular.)5)Do you think it's good or bad for youth in China to celebrate some western festivals Why

6)List out some western festivals.Can you say something about their customs Language Focus: 1)There are many / few things in common between Chinese festivals and western festivals.2)Culture really has a great impact / influence on its festivals.3)Family reunion is given much attention in both Chinese festivals and western festivals.4)I prefer observing Chinese / western festivals to western / Chinese festivals.5)Christmas, esp.Christmas Eve attracts more attention in China nowadays.6)Valentine's Day is my favorite western festival because it is very romantic and full of roses and chocolate.7)From my point of view, it is / isn't a good phenomenon for youth in China to celebrate western festivals.8)Celebration of western festivals in China means a lot in enlarging cross-culture communications.三级 Band Three 1.Traveling 1.Ideas for discussion Different purposes of traveling What are the benefits of traveling Different ways of traveling What are the possible problems you may meet with while traveling, What are the places do you like to go Why Services provided for tourists 2.Related words and phrases tour, trip, journey, travel agency, travel by sea(by land, by air), tourist, tourism, sightseeing, place of historical interest, scenic spot, summer resort, tourist attractions, tourist guide, transport, destination, airport, port, passport, visa, customs, one-way ticket, round-way ticket, domestic flight, international flight, baggage, duty-free shop, accommodation, hotel, single room, double room, suite, restaurant, Chinese food, western food, local flavor, scenery, landscape，四级 Band Four 1.Learning English many difficulties;but most rewarding exercises;be active in class;answer questions eagerly;listen to the teacher attentively;practice more after class;speak English whenever possible;make full use of spare time;try to get every opportunity to start conversations with foreigners;listen to records;listen to English broadcasting over radio;online learning also helpful;learn the value of hard work;gain more social experiences;give them insight of other culture;promote friendship 2.Part-time Job College students;part-time jobs;private tutors;salesmen;waitress;shop assistance;both advantages and disadvantages;interfere with their study;unable to concentrate their minds;fall asleep in class;do not have enough time to finish their homework;fail in examinations;unhealthy interest in money and personal profit;become selfish;earn money to support themselves;help gain social experiences;reduce the parents financial burden;demonstrate their ability;put what they have learned from books into practice;helpful to their future career;my opinion;provide students with more chances of social interaction;keep a balance between study and the job 3.Pollution A serious problem;air pollution;noise pollution;water pollution;trees, crops are destroyed;fish die of poisonous water;respiratory disease;problems in hearing ability;release of harmful substances into the environment;too many private cars, factories and the use of insecticides;release polluted water into rivers;destroy ozone layer;cause greenhouse effect;make the earth become warmer and warmer;man can control the pollution;building rubbish recycling plants;provide cars with pollution-control devices;purify water before released;most important;to educate people;the importance of environment protection;create a clean world 4.Population problems in countries with a large population, problems in countries with a small population, ways to control population growth, ways to solve the problems faced by countries with a small population;population growth, population explosion, population decreasing, family planning, one-child family, cities expanding, decreasing of farm land, food inadequacy, education problems, economic problems, unemployment, 5.Hobbies different kinds of hobbies, advantages and disadvantages of each hobby, hobbies for different age groups, indoor hobbies, outdoor hobbies, leisure time, spare-time activities, ways to relax, ways to kill time, beneficial both physically and mentally, different sports, painting, stamp-collecting, do-it-yourself activities, raising flowers, keeping pets, 6.Smoking What are the bad effects on people's health How does smoking do harm to people's health What measures should be taken to protect people from being harmed by cigarette smoking have bad effects on , respiratory disease;lung disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, poisonous substances, nicotine, fall into bad habits, get rid of a bad habit, give up smoking, ban smoking in public places, prohibit, non-smoking area, 7.Internet Advances in telecommunication technologies internet abundance of information Surf news net pal get in touch with email chat share information image music video movies online learning remote education video meeting work at home e-books globe village disadvantage time-consuming get addicted to mistake the virtual world for reality indulge in computer games violence distinguish unhealthy information crime privacy copyright plagiarize hacker 8.Mobile phone Convenient anytime/anywhere urgent multifunctional take pictures record radio TV program play music/games newspaper email surf the internet banking purchase book hotel room/restaurant tables/air tickets disadvantage pay attention to

mobile

etiquette

ring

interrupt conversation/lecture/meeting/concert/theatre speak too loudly in public places use on planes endanger the flights electromagnetic radiation do harm to one's health long time enlarge the distance among people seldom meet/write to friends lack face to face communication 9.Sports

A great variety of sports spare time pastime hobbies keep healthy develop character refreshing energetic cooperate with others team work benefit in life make friends morning exercise Basketball badminton tennis table tennis volleyball football saucer snooker chess Chinese chess checkers poker roller skating dancing swimming journey climbing mountains rafting jogging jumping ropes shuttlecock disadvantage indulge in distraction from one's study worn out tired fatigue accidents injuries 10.Shopping Habits Supermarket abundant all kinds of everything we need choose by ourselves have a careful look at the goods with price tags attached to them displayed on shelves spacious not too crowded

Department store conversation with salesperson guarantee quality after sale service

Grocery store friendly conversation with the shopkeeper near neighbors easy atmosphere

Street stands enjoy bargaining cheap good bargain risk poor quality fake commodities

第三篇：英语口语测试

三年级英语口语测试 D

学校班级姓名学号

一．读字母

MDALG

二．读字母组合kidDLAcfjCAKEmab

三．拆分字母

CFGLKDJHMB

四．读单词

myarenottoofamilyclassmother

五．读句子

1.Hi ,Mike.2.Good morning,Sam.3.Yes, I am.4.Are you John?

5.Goodbye,Booby.六．正确应答

sisterbrother me

第四篇：论文成绩评定

成绩评定标准

（一）、毕业论文(设计)成绩分优秀、良好、中、及格、不及格五等。具体评定标准：

1、优秀（90分以上）

(1)、能按时、全面、独立地完成与毕业论文有关的各项任务，能综合运用所学过的理论，表现出较强的综合分析问题和解决问题的能力。

(2)、论文中使用的概念正确，语言表达准确，中心突出，论据充足，材料丰富、可靠，结构严谨，条理清楚，逻辑性强，符合学术论文体例。

(3)、论文立论正确，理论分析透彻，解决问题方案恰当，结论正确，并且有一定的创见性。对现实有指导意义。

2、良好（80—89分）

(1)、能按时、全面、独立地完成与毕业论文有关的各项任务；能较好地运用专业理论知识，具有一定的综合分析问题和解决问题的能力。

(2)、论文中使用的概念正确，语言表达准确，中心明确，论据较充足，材料较丰富可靠，层次较清楚，结构严谨，条理清楚，符合学术论文体例。

(3)、论文立论正确，理论分析得当，解决问题方案实用，结论正确。对实际工作有参考价值。

3、中(70—79分)(1)、能按时、全面、独立地完成与毕业论文有关的各项任务；基本能运用专业理论知识，综合分析问题和解决问题的能力一般。(2)、论文中使用的概念正确，中心较明确，论据较充足，材料较丰富，语句通顺，条理比较清楚，符合学术论文体例。

(3)、论文立论正确，理论分析无原则性错误，解决问题方案比较实用，结论正确。对实际工作有一定参考价值

4、及格（60—69分）

(1)、能按时、独立地完成与毕业论文有关的各项任务；基本掌握与本文有关的专业理论知识，具有初步的分析问题和解决问题的能力。

(2)、论文中使用的概念正确，文字尚通顺，有一定的材料，并进行了一定程度的加工整理，条理比较清楚，符合学术论文体例。(3)、论文立论正确，理论分析无原则性错误，结论基本正确。

5、不及格（59分以下）

(1)、不能按时、独立地完成与毕业论文有关的各项任务。基本理论知识掌握很差。

(2)、文中使用的概念混乱。文章无中心，层次不清楚，逻辑混乱，文句不通。论据严重不充分, 或材料凌乱、失真。理论分析有原则性错误，或结论不正确。(3)、论文写作格式不规范，（二）、毕业论文及格及以上者，发放合格证

（三）、毕业论文成绩在良好以上（含良好）的本科毕业生且符合学士学位全部条件者可以申请学士学位。申请学士学位相关事宜请查看研究生院网站。

第五篇：实习成绩评定

对每个学生的生产实习都要严格考核，成绩按优、良、中、及格、不及格五个等级评定。具体评分标准如下：

优秀：能严格遵守实习纪律和厂方规章制度，无迟到、早退、缺勤等现象，尊敬师长，给厂方留下良好印象；圆满地完成了上述三项内容的实习，实习日记齐全，实习报告内容详尽，并能就实习过程中发现的问题进行透彻的分析、论证，并能提出自己独到的见解或建议，受到厂方的重视。实习收获很大。答辩时能很好地回答老师提出的相关问题。

良好：遵守实习纪律和厂方规章制度，无迟到、早退、缺勤等现象，尊敬师长，给厂方留下较好印象；较好地完成上述三项实习内容，实习日记齐全，实习报告内容详尽，有问题分析，有自己的见解或建议，实习收获大。答辩时能较好地回答老师提出的相关问题。

中级：遵守实习纪律和厂方规章制度，基本上无迟到、早退、缺勤等现象，尊敬师长，厂方评价较好，全部完成了上述三项内容的实习，实习日记基本齐全，实习报告内容基本详尽，对企业现状和问题的描述基本正确，并有分析、有建议，实习收获较大。答辩时基本能回答老师提出的相关问题。

及格：较能遵守实习纪律和厂方规章制度，无缺勤现象，较少发生迟到、早退现象。尊敬师长，厂方反映一般，基本上完成了上述三项内容的实习，实习日记基本齐全，实习报告能反映实习的内容，对企业现状的描述和问题分析基本正确，有一定的实习收获。答辩时能回答1-2个老师提出的相关问题。

不及格：凡出现下列情况之一者，实习成绩以不及格记：