物理专业英语绪论

时间:2019-05-14 10:45:28下载本文作者:会员上传
简介:写写帮文库小编为你整理了多篇相关的《物理专业英语绪论》,但愿对你工作学习有帮助,当然你在写写帮文库还可以找到更多《物理专业英语绪论》。

第一篇:物理专业英语绪论

Introduction

Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime(时空), as well as all applicable concepts, such as energy and force.More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the world and universe behave.Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines(学科), perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy.Over the last two millennia(一千年), physics had been considered synonymous with philosophy, chemistry, and certain branches of mathematics and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 16th century, it emerged(显现)to become a unique modern science in its own right.However, in some subject areas such as in mathematical physics and quantum chemistry, the boundaries of physics remain difficult to distinguish.Physics is both significant and influential, in part because advances in its understanding have often translated into new technologies, but also because new ideas in physics often resonate(共鸣)with other sciences, mathematics, and philosophy.For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism(电磁学)or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society;advances in thermodynamics(热力学)led to the development of motorized transport;and advances in mechanics(力学)inspired the development of calculus.Scope and aims

Physics covers a wide range of phenomena,from the smallest sub-atomic particles, to the largest galaxies.Physics aims to describe the various phenomena that occur in nature in terms of simpler phenomena.Thus, physics aims to both connect the things observable to humans to root causes, and then to try to connect these causes together in the hope of finding an ultimate reason for why nature is as it is.For example, the ancient Chinese observed that certain rockswere attracted to one another by some invisible force.This effect was later called magnetism, and was first rigorously studied in the 17th century.A little earlier than the Chinese, the ancient Greeks knew of other objects such as amber, that when rubbed with fur would cause a similar invisible attraction between the two.This was also first studied rigorously in the 17th century, and came to be called electricity.Thus, physics had come to understand two observations of nature in terms of some root cause(electricity and magnetism).However, further work in the 19th century revealed that these two forces were just two different aspects of one force – electromagnetism.The scientific method

Physicists use the scientific method to test the validity(认可)of a physical theory.Theories which are very well supported by data and have never failed any competent empirical(以实验为依据的)test are often called scientific laws, or natural laws.Of course, all theories, including those called scientific laws, can always be replaced by more accurate, generalized statements if a disagreement of theory with observed data is ever found.

第二篇:物理专业英语

物理专业英语(专业任选课)

Professional English of physics

【课程编号】RZ26232

【学分数】1.5

【学时数】32

【适用专业】物理学

一、教学目的、任务 【课程类别】专业选修课 【编写日期】2010.3.30 【先修课程】物理各课程、大学英语

物理专业英语是高等院校物理专业一门专业任选课程。在大学英语的基础上进一步拓展物理专业词汇,掌握科技英语语法和科技英语特点。为进一步学习、研究中获取和理解最新科技知识打下良好基础。重点分析并使学生掌握理科英语词句结构的特点,特别是长的句子结构和被动语态等的广泛应用。训练学生提高阅读理科书籍、文章和文献的速度和理解能力。为将来毕业论文中的查阅英文文献打下基础。训练学生练习用英语写作(专业内容写作)。使学生基本掌握撰写论文摘要的要点,以便将来撰写毕业论文的英文摘要。

二、课程教学的基本要求

1.阅读有关物理专业的英文材料课文(包括热、力、学、电和原子)

2.掌握相当数量(七佰到八佰)的有关专业单词或词组。

3.要求在完成专业英语学习之后,平均每小时可笔译一干到二干五百个字符的物理专业内容的材料(英译汉)。

三、教学内容和学时分配1 + 6 + 6 + 8 + 3 + 8 = 32

总论(或绪论、概论等)1 学时(课堂讲授学时+课程实验学时)

主要内容:

总体介绍物理专业英语这门课程的主要内容和课程结构;介绍该门课程的基础和该课程所学知识的应用领域及发展前景。

教学要求:

了解该课程的主要内容、课程结构及应用领域

其它教学环节(如实验、习题课、讨论课、其它实践活动):

第一章科技英语特点(6)

主要内容:

科技英语分类

科技英语的语法特点

科技英语的词汇特点

物理专业英语的语法和词汇特点;

教学要求:

掌握科技英语、物理专业英语语法和词汇特点

其它教学环节(如实验、习题课、讨论课、其它实践活动):

第二章 科技翻译技巧概论(6)

主要内容:

翻译的要求和标准及步骤

词义的引伸

增减词语

词的重复

巧用汉语的外位成分巧用动宾结构

反译

拆译

紧缩原则

数词的英语表示及译法

常用数学符号及度量衡的英语表示

常用英语构词法

物理、工程及与数学的关系英语文章阅读翻译。

教学要求:

掌握物理专业英语和一般科技英语的翻译方法和技巧。

其它教学环节(如实验、习题课、讨论课、其它实践活动):

第三章 力、热 声、光、电、磁等学科有关专业基础文献阅读(8)

主要内容:

精选15篇力、热 声、光、电、磁等学科有关专业基础文献

教学要求:

其它教学环节(如实验、习题课、讨论课、其它实践活动):

第四章常用仪器、仪表、说明书有关文献阅读(4)

主要内容:

3-5种物理测量的常用仪器 仪表说明书

教学要求:

掌握常用仪器、仪表、说明书的阅读和翻译技巧。

其它教学环节(如实验、习题课、讨论课、其它实践活动):

第五章 现代科技前沿学科有关文献阅读(6)

主要内容:

3-5篇现代科技及物理相关前沿学科有关文献阅读

教学要求:

教学要求:

掌握代科技及物理相关前沿学科有关文献阅读和翻译技巧。

其它教学环节(如实验、习题课、讨论课、其它实践活动):

四、教学重点、难点及教学方法

教学重点是科技英语的语法特点和构词特点、物理专业英语的翻译技巧 教学难点是翻译技巧的把握和专业英语中长句语法把握。

五、考核方式及成绩评定方式考查

六、教材及参考书目

推荐教材:

《物理专业英语》,南京大学外文系公共英语教研室编, 北京,商务印书馆,1981主要参考书:

1、《科技英语翻译技巧》,严俊仁,北京,国防工业出版社,2000.8。

2、《科技英语的文体写作与翻译》,高永照,程勇学苑出版社,1999。

修(制)订人:审核人:

2010年3月30日

第三篇:材料物理专业英语

《材料物理专业英语》课程教学大纲

一、课程基本信息

课程编号:13103208

课程类别:专业选修课程

适应专业:材料物理

总学时:36学时

总学分:2

课程简介:

本课程以大学英语、大学物理、材料物理等相关课程为基础,包含了专业英语的听说和写译两个部分。通过对本课程的学习,以求达到提升学生专业论文的阅读能力,具备一定的写、译能力,以适应在材料物理相关领域研究中国外文献的查阅和对外交流的需求。

授课教材:《专业英语》(材料物理)自编讲义。

参考书目:

[1] 《物理学专业英语基础》,叶谋仁注释,上海外语教育出版社,2000年。

[2] 《材料专业英语译写教程》,张军,机械工业出版社,2001年。

[3] 《新世纪理工科英语教程·材料科学与工程》,杨福玲,上海外语教育出版社,2006年。

二、课程教育目标

专业英语是材料物理专业的一门重要选修课程,通过这门课程的教学,达到以下目标:

(1)提高学生的英语应用能力,逐步适应和掌握科技英语书面语体的特点和表达形式,掌握一些基本的专业科技词汇和科技英语写作方法,为进一步高层次的学习奠定基础。

(2)使学生能顺利地阅读所学专业的英语资料并对难度较高的英语科技文献具有一定的理解能力和分析能力。

三、教学内容与要求

Part 1Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Electromagnetism, Optics,Modern Physics, and Material Physics.教学重点:物理现象的描述、物理学定理(定律)的表达,掌握材料物理相关的专业英语词汇,学会常用数学公式的表达方式,提高对专业词汇的理解、运用能力。

教学难点:物理学概念、定理(定律)的阅读与表达,数学公式的表达,材料物理相关的专业词

汇与表达方式。

教学时数:14学时

教学内容:

(1)Mechanics

(2)Thermodynamics

(3)Electromagnetism

(4)Optics

(5)Modern Physics

(6)Material Physics related words and phrases

教学方式:课堂讲授(可结合多媒体教学)

教学要求:

(1)讲授物理学基本概念、原理。

(2)讲授物理学方面的守恒定律,巩固学生的物理专业思想,熟悉物理类专业文献的表达方

式,强化对此类文章的理解。

(3)使学生学会部分数学公式的表达与阅读,掌握正确的翻译方法。

Part 2Reading and Translation of Scientific Materials

教学重点:科技英语的常用表达方式的理解与翻译,现代科技文献特别是材料物理专业文献的阅

读与翻译,提高阅读科技文献的速度和翻译英文科技文献的能力。

教学难点:专业性较强的科技文献翻译,提高文献阅读速度。

教学时数:8学时

教学内容:

(1)Nanotechnology and Application

(2)Superconductivity and Application

教学方式:课堂讲授(可结合多媒体教学)

教学要求:

(1)讲授理工类科技英语的常用表达方式和句型。

(2)结合材料物理相关的现代科技文献,讲授各种典型句型的翻译技巧。

(3)训练学生科技英语阅读与理解能力。

Part 3Writing of Scientific Articles

教学重点:基本物理量、数学公式、倍数、比较关系等常用句式的表达与写作,科技英语常用句

式与写作技巧的总结与练习。

教学难点:科技论文写作技巧,专业性较强的词汇应用,科技英语常用句式的应用。

教学时数:10学时

教学内容:

(1)Characteristics and typical Sentences in Scientific English expression

(2)Scientific English Writing Skills

(3)Experimental reports

(4)Scientific Articles: Title and Authors, Abstract, Body, Conclusion, Appendix,References, and Acknowledgement.教学方式:课堂讲授(可结合多媒体教学)

教学要求:

(1)从词汇、句型入手,分析科技英语写作技巧,掌握基本物理量、数学公式、倍数、比较

关系等的表达。

(2)了解与掌握科技论文基本结构与形式、物理实验报告等的写作方法。

Part 4Oral Presentation and International Conference

教学重点:口头报告的写作与表达重点、表达要求、表达技巧和方式,国际会议的组织结构、参

加程序,会议论文投稿与写作。

教学难点:口头报告的表达和写作,国际会议的参加和论文写作。

教学时数:4学时

教学内容:

(1)Preparation of Oral presentation and its expression skills.(2)International conference registration and Paper submission

教学方式:课堂讲授(可结合多媒体教学)

教学要求:

(1)介绍口头报告的表达需求和准备重点。

(2)介绍国际会议的参加程序,会议论文的写作与投稿。

四、作业

每周布置作业,作业内容为对专业词汇的搜集,阅读及物理、材料科学相关规律的专业术语表达。

五、考核方式与成绩评定

考核方式:考查。

成绩评定:总评成绩=平时成绩(80%)+出勤(20%)。

执笔人:

责任人:

2013年8月

第四篇:高一物理绪论教案

首先祝贺同学们升入高中阶段学习。你们的人生又展开了一个新的篇章。接下来,介绍一下我自己,我叫张丽丽,你们的物理老师。

一、什么是物理

所谓三句不离本行,既然教物理的,我当然要和你们谈谈物理,同学们在初中阶段已经学过两年的物理,那么,你能告诉我什么是物理?或者你对物理的理解有哪些?(提问学生)师:通俗一点说,物理就是客观事物的道理。比如说“孤掌难鸣”,我们知道道理在于。。。(学生答)再比如高压锅煮东西熟得快道理在于。。。(学生答)为什么地球绕着太阳转,月球绕着地球转,扔出去的东西最终会落回地面?道理是。。。(学生答)这些都叫物理

二、为什么要学习物理

首先对于“为什么要学习”,很多同学的认识是模糊的。我在刚教书的时候也有过这样的疑惑,但随着年纪的增长,阅历的增长,我对于这个问题的认识也发生了变化,我引用了一些名人的说法,高考不是非得考上重点不可,但通过高考,会决定你四年以及多年后你朋友圈里都有哪些人,你想读本地大学 你就会遇见一群和你一样想法的人,你努力考上重点,你就会遇见一群和你一样努力的人,大学只是一个地点,同学才是影响你未来的环境 高考不是为家长或者老师 而是为遇见和自己一样的人——光线传媒 刘同 龙应台写给儿子安德烈的一段话

孩子,我要求你读书用功,不是因为我要你跟别人比成绩,而是因为,我希望你将来会拥有选择的权利,选择有意义、有时间的工作,而不是被迫谋生。

当你的工作在你心中有意义,你就有成就感。

当你的工作给你时间,不剥夺你的生活,你就有尊严。

成就感和尊严,给你快乐。

这些属于心灵鸡汤

再来看看通俗的流行网络语

“生时何必久睡 死后自会长眠” “没有高考 你拼得过富二代吗” “考过高富帅 战胜官二代”

但是如果我们的人生都已经被设定好了,就没有乐趣。人生最大的乐趣,在于“答案没有正式揭晓”前,什么都是可能的。如果说的更直白些:

15岁觉得游泳难,放弃游泳,到18岁遇到一个你喜欢的人约你去游泳,你只好说“我不会耶”。18岁觉得英文难,放弃英文,28岁出现一个很棒但要会英文的工作,你只好说“我不会耶”。人生前期越嫌麻烦,越懒得学,后来就越可能错过让你动心的人和事,错过新风景。——《蔡康永,给残酷社会的善意短信》

希望你们能从这些话语中找到你坐在这间教室学习的目的和意义 谈完了学习,我们再来具体谈谈为什么要学习物理,1、从现实生活来看,学习物理的目的不是为了以后进一步研究物理,而是在于提高人的素养。学了物理,你不仅知其然,更会知其所以然,例如路口转弯镜是凸面镜而不是平面镜;汽车前窗为什么是倾斜的而不是竖直的;再有,例如电动汽车充电技术的基本原理,等等。

2、从学习上来看,不容否认的是很多大学理工科招生时都会把物理成绩高低作为录取与否的重要依据,大学中大多数专业的学习都要以一定的物理知识作为基础。这是因为物理学的研究内容最为广泛,应用范围也最为普遍。提到大学物理,不得不提“赵凯华”,大学里的很多物理教材都是他编的,就是教材第一页“走进屋里课堂之前”的作者。

三、怎样学好高中物理

关于物理的学习,我来揣测一下你们的心态,可能是这样的“听师哥师姐说物理很难学”

“物理难、化学繁,数学习题做不完” “听得懂,但自己不会做”

“我到底该怎样做才能学好物理呢?”

在解答这个疑惑之前我们先来了解一下高中物理的主要内容

1、高中物理的主要内容

高中物理的主要内容可分为力学、热学、电学、光学、原子物理五个部分。力学主要研究力和运动的关系。重点学习牛顿运动定律和机械能。(必修

一、必修二)热学主要研究分子动理论和气体的热学性质。(选修3-3)电学主要研究电场、电路、磁场和电磁感应。重点学习闭合电路欧姆定律和电磁感应定律。(选修3-

1、3-2)光学主要研究光的传播规律和光的本性。(选修3-4)原子物理主要研究原子和原子核的组成与变化。(选修3-5)

2、初中物理和高中物理的区别 很多同学会发现,这些我们初中都已经学过了,还学了干吗?这里就要说说初中物理和高中物理的区别的,虽然在大的体系上是一样的,但在学习内容、侧重点方面均有不同。简单说来初高中物理学习的差异呈现为: 第一、感性理解与理性推导的差异;

初中物理大多数问题是以形象思维为基础,以生动的自然现象和直观的实验为依据,让学生可以看到、感受到,从而获得知识。如:光沿直线传播形成日食、月食现象;融化、升华过程吸收热量,使人们感觉到下雪过后比正在下雪时寒冷等等。而高中物理则将生活现象加以提取,抽象为可以计算的物理模型。如:冰面抽象为绝对光滑水平面,运动的汽车抽象为质点等等。这些转变就要求学生将此前直观理解的认知能力,转变为通过逻辑推导、计算,而获得知识的能力。

第二、简单计算与数学技巧的差异; 初中物理多定性了解物理规律,高中物理多定量求解物理问题。初中物理对于数学的运用不多,即便需要定量计算,也仅仅停留在加减乘除,四则运算的层次。然而高中物理要求严格求解,故而对同学们数学知识的考察也相应增高。如在函数图象,三角函数,平面几何,数学极限思想等方面的知识,同学们都应有所加强。第三、单纯知识点考察与堆积知识点命题的差异。

初中课程的问题多是单因素的因果逻辑关系,高中课程的问题则涉及多因素的复杂逻辑关系。该差别主要体现在题目角度,初中考题每道问题重点考察一个知识点,学生只需要熟练掌握知识点,准确判断考点即可。高中考题可能一题涉及多个知识点,因此在具体解题之前,学生必须先进行考点的拆分与识别。

3、怎样才能学好高中物理 1.认真阅读,学会自学: 学好物理,要认真阅读物理课本。物理知识全在课本中。重要的概念和规律都用黑体字标出,其中每个词语都经过科学家的反复推敲,必须逐字逐句加以理解。阅读课本时,要抓住关键词语,弄清语句间的逻辑顺序和因果关系,领会文章段落所表达的物理内容,掌握课本叙述物理问题的表达方法。学习物理不能满足于阅读课本,还要自学大量的课外读物与科普期刊。自学能力是人的素养的重要组成部分。也是一个人能获得知识、能理解与运用知识的基本保证。同学们上高中要增强自学意识,学会自学,对学好高中各门学科都非常有利。2.认真听讲,独立思考:

学好物理,上课要认真听讲。课堂获取知识是至关重要的。我请你们珍惜每一节课。我将尽量让我的课不那么枯燥乏味。但水平和精力加上课的特点,有时难免平淡。这时希望你们能一如既往的认真听课。还有我这个人也会在课堂上犯错,一般情况下,我的错误有两种:一种叫“真错”,这种错误我自己都没有意识,也不知道错在哪里。一种叫“假错”,是想搞一些错误让你们来发现,这种错误我心里明白。无论我是“真错”还是“假错”,都希望你们挑出我的错误。谁发现,我佩服谁。俗话说:“师傅领进门,修行在个人。”这个“修行”的功夫要下在“独立思考”上。要在老师的引导下,积极思考问题,主动参与教学过程。教得好不好,主要在老师;学得好不好,主要在自己。独立思考就是要善于发现问题和解决问题。提出一个问题比解决一个问题更重要。

3.做好实验,做好练习:

学习物理,要认真做实验、认真做练习。实验是学习物理的出发点;做好实验不仅有利于掌握基本的实验技能和方法,还能清晰认识物理现象,深刻理解物理规律和模型。练习是学习物理的落脚点。“要勤奋地去做练习,只有这样,你才会发现,哪些是你理解了的,哪些你还没有”。

第五篇:物理专业英语知识点总结

目录

1.kinematic 2.mechanical motion 运动学

3.vector 机械运动 4velocity and speed 向量

5.acceleration 速度和速率 6.laws of conservation 加速度

7.quantities 8.conservation obeying the 守恒定律laws of量

符合守恒定律的9.kinetic energy 10.work 动能11.conservative forces 功

12.potential 保守力external energy inan 的势能

force field 在外力场中13.mechanics of a rigid body 体力学

刚14.motion of a body 15.motion 物体运动 of a bodyof the center of mass 16.rotation 物体质心的运动fixed of a body about

a 动

axis 绕固定轴的物体的运17.molecular 学

physics分子物理18.statistical thermodynamics physics and 19.mass 分子的质量和大小and size 热动力学

of molecules 20.state 统运动状态of a

system process 系21.internal 系统内能 energy of a system 22.the thermodynamics first law of 律

热力学第一定23.work changes 变体积做功in done

volomeby a 物体通过改body upon 24.temperature 25.equation gas of state 温度

of an ideal 26.statistical physics 理想气体状态方程27.information 统计物理

of probability28.nature of the thermal motion 概率原理form the

theory of molecules29.number 分子热运动的本质molecules 密度

with ofa wall collisions 分子碰撞of 30.pressure of a opticsgas on a wall 31.interference 光学

of light 光的干32.interference 光波干涉

of light waves 33.coherence34.ways interference of 相干的的方法

of lightobserving 观察光干涉the 35.diffraction of light 36.introduction 37.huygens-fresnel 前言光的衍射 更斯-菲涅尔原理 principle

惠38.fresnel zones39.electricity 区域

学和磁学

and magnetism 电40.electric 空中的电场field

in a vacuum真41.electric charge42.coulomb43.system of untis ’s law库仑定律电荷44.rationalized 单位体系 formulasform of writing 形式

正规性合理化的书写45.potential 46.electric stbengthfield 电势

电场。field 47.interaction

system 用的能量of

charges energy 电荷相互作of a 48.relation between electric field strength and potential 势的关系

电场和电49.dipole 50.magnetic field in a vacuum电偶极子

空中的磁场

真51.interaction 的相互作用

of currents 电流52.magnetic field 53.field of a moving charge磁场的区域的电荷的场

移动 54.the 法尔定律biot-savart

law 比奥-萨55.the loreniz force 56.ampere洛伦兹力 57.vortex electric field ’s law 安培定律

58.displacement 涡旋电场 流

current 位移电59.maxwell韦方程式

’s equations 麦克斯60.modern pyisics 61.relativity 62.the background相对性近代物理 63.the ether64.the 太空、以太背景experimentmichelson-morley65.the special theory of relativity迈克尔逊实验

相对论66.theradioactivitynucleusand 67.the 68.nuclearatomic nucleus 原子核和放射性原子核 isotopes 法

原子和同位素的表示方notation and69.the nuclear force 70.radioactivity 核力 关键词放射性 1.Vector

quantity quantity magnitude that has 矢量。both a direction.examples:force,velocitand y,acceleration,and momentum 2.Scalar quantity that has magnitude,but quantity 标量。A no Examples:mass,volume,and direction.speed.3.Vector to 向量。An arrow drawn vector quantity.scale used to represent a 4.Motion position.运动 a change of 5.Speed traveled per time 速率thedistance 6.Velocity change position and the direct of 速度

the rate of the quantity.motion.velocity is vector 7.Acceleration of 加速度in change.velocity/time velocty:acceleration=change time rate it takes for 8.Force producing 力in motion motion a quantity capable of ora change 9.Net or force

合力more forces.resultant force the of equivalent two or 10.Newton牛顿第一定律’s first an object remains law of motion at with rest or in uniform motion acted upon by a net a constant velocity unless force.unbalanced 11.Inertiaif motion.matter that 惯性.theproperty inertia.Mass resists in a measure changes in of 12.Newtonmotion ’s second law of F=ma.relates 牛顿第二定律 acceleration.force to13.Friction that 摩擦力.the force of contacting media.opposes the relative motion 14.Mass matter 质量。specifically,it in an The object.more quantity of measurement sluggishness of the is inertia the or exhibits in response to any effort that an object made any way its state of motion.to start it , or change in 15.Weight due to gravity on an object.重力.the force 16.Free object fall自由落体.an acting on it.falling with only gravity 17.Terminal 度.the maximum velocity constant 末速velocity that a non-freely object reaches when a retarding falling force force balances acceleration is zero.and the the gravitation object’s 18.Momentum product of the mass of an object 动量.the and its velocity.19.Impulse of 冲量.the and the force acting on an product object acts.the time during which it 20.Elastic collision collision objects in which 弹性碰撞colliding.a deformation or the generation of rebound without lasting heat.21.Inelastic 撞.a collision collision in which 非弹性the 碰colliding distorted objects becomeduring the collision.and generated heat 22.Power work 功率.the time rate of 23.EnergyP=W/t.of能量 to do work.a systemthat.the enables property it24.Rotational that inertia 转动惯量 resist property of an object torotation:if at rest the boby tends any change in its state of to tendsto remain rotating and will remain at rest;if rotating ,it continue upon by a net external torque.to do so unless acted 25.Torqueof 转矩.the product distance,which tends to force and lever-arm ratation.produce 26.Center average of mass 质心 the single object point position of mass or the considered to be concentrated.where associated all its mass with canbe an 27.Center average position of weight or the of gravity 重心the single object where the force of gravity point associated with an canbethe mass.same considered to act.usually place as the center of 28.Equilibrium state of an object when not acted平衡状态the upon torque.an by a net force or net may uniform be at object rest in or equilibrium moving accelerating.velocity;that is not at 29.Centripetal center-seeking an force force that 向心causes 力a path.object to follow a circular 30.Angular a about measure an momentum object’s rotation 角动量specifically a particular rotational inertia the product axis;more of its velocity.for small an object and rotational that is distance compared mass,speed,and ,it is the to product the radial of of rotation.radial distance 31.Temperatureof 温度permolecule the average kinetic a measure erenge substance,measure in Celsius kelvins.or Fahrenheit in degrees a or in 32.Absolute lowest possible temperature that zero 绝对零度.the a temperature substance at which may molecules have-the of minimum kinetic energy.a substance have their 33.Heatflows from a substance of higher 热能.the energy that temperature lowertemperature,commonly to a substance of measured in calories or joules.Internal molecular energy.the potential energies,kinetic total of plus all substance.energy,internal to a 34.Specific 容.the quantity of heat per unit heat capacity比热mass temperature of a substance by 1 required to raise the Celsius degree.35.First 热力学第一定律law of thermodynamics a restatement of conservation,usually the law of energy applies as it changes in temperature.the to systems involving added increase to heat external in a internal system equals an system.work done energy by plus the 36.Adiabatic 程.a process,usually process绝热过of expansion compression,wherein or enters or leaves a system.no heat 37.Second thermodynamicslaw of 律heat will never spontaneously 热力学第二定flow from a cold object to a hot object.also,no completely machine can be converting energy to work;some efficient in input heat.and energy is dissipated as to disordered as time goes by.become finally,all systems tend more and more 38.Heat enginechanges 热机a device that mechanical work.internal energy to 39.Entropydisorder 熵a energy of a system.measure of the one direction form freely transforms Whenever to another,the from toward of transformation is disorder a one of greater entropy.and state therefore of greater toward 40.Huygens 理the theory principleby which 惠更斯原light waves point source can be regarded as spreading out from a the secondary wavelets.superposition of tiny 41.Interferencesuperposition 干涉the producing of waves reinforcement regions of cancellation.constructive

and regions of interference reinforcement;destructive

refers to regions of interference cancellation.the refers selected interference to regions of of produces wavelengths interference colors.colors known of light as 42.Diffraction

of 衍射the bending through light around way a an obstacle or dark that narrow slit in such a produced.or fringes colored of bands light and are 43.Polarizationalignment 偏振the that of the electric vectors radiation.such make up electromagnetic vibrations polarized.are waves said of aligned to be 44.Hologramtwo-dimensional 全息照相a diffraction microscopic three-dimensional pattern that shows images.optical 45.Electrostaticsstudy 静电学the relative to one another

of electric changes at rest 46.Capacitorelectrical form device,in 电容its 器.an conducting plates separated by a a pair of simplest paralled small electric charge.distance,that stores 47.Coulombrelationship ’s law库仑定律.the force,charge,and among electrical F=kq1q2/d2 alike repelling;if are in if the charges distance are unlike,the force is attractive.the sign,the charges force are is 48.Coulomb of electrical charge.one coulomb 库仑.the SI unit is 6.25*10 equal 18 tothe total charge of 49.Conductor electrons.that easily through 异体external electrical force.flows when which any material subject charge to an 50.Insulator material that resists charge flow 绝缘体any through external electrical force.it when subject to an 51.Semiconductor poorly conducting material,such 半绝缘体a as germanium,that crystalline better-conducting can silicon be made or the impurities or energy.addition material a of certain by 52.Charging 电.the transfer by contactof charge 接触起from one physical substance to another by substances.contact between 53.Charging 起电.the change in charge of a by induction 感应grounded electrical influence object,caused of enectric by the charge contact.close by but not in 54.Electrically 化.term applied to an atom or polarized 电极molecule are in which the charges slightly aligned negative than the opposite side.more so that positive one side or is 55.Electric energetic field电场.the surrounding region of space object.about a charged point,the a charged field according decreases with distance law,like to field a the inverse gravitational square charged.between oppositely electric parallel plates,the charged region object field placed is uniform.a in the experiences a force.of an electric field 56.Electric potential energy能the energy a charge possesses 电势by electric field.virtue of its location in an 57.Electric electric potential电势amount volts,and of potential charge,measured energy per the voltage:voltage=electric often called in energy/amount of charge

58.Magnetic force magnets,between and a moving charge.magnets 磁力between field 59.Magnetic region field around of 磁场.the moving charged particle.a magnetic magnetic pole influence or a 60.Electromagnet magnet 电磁体a by an electric whose field is produced the current.usually in piece of iron inside the coil.form of a wire coil with a 61.Ether medium for propagation of light 以太.a hypothetical waves.62.Michelson-morley

experiment 验.an experiment 迈克尔逊that 莫雷was 实designed through to detect the ether interference.no velocity addition and observed.effects were 63.Special theory of relativity义相对论einstein’s theory 狭of relativity non-accelerating that deals with systems.or inertial 64.Principle of relativity 原理all the laws of physics 相对论are the moving same with respect to one another.at a for constant all observers velocity 65.Constancy Charging speed of light in free space is the by光速不变原理 of light the same regardless for all observers source of the motion of the observer.or the motion of the 66.Time observation dilationmoving of a 时空膨胀clock in the slowly,according to the equation system running more a 67.Length the of observation contractionof a shortening 尺度收缩motion a lengh in the direction of system,according in a moving equation.to the 68.Twin paradox paradoxtwin returning to earth younger of a space-travelling 自相矛盾the than his earth-bound twin,which is theory of relativity.predicted by the general 69.Mass-energy 转化方程the changing conversionof 质能mass into versa,according energy e=mc2

to the and equation vice 70.General 广义相对论theory einsteinof ’s theory relativityof relativity accelerated systems.that deals with 71.Atomic central nucleus 原子核.the which the core of an atom are located.protons and neutrons of the atom in 72.Nucleon proton or neutron.核子a nuclear 73.Nuclide nucleus or nuclear species.核素a particular 74.Proton number of protons in a nucleus , number质子数the which defines its atoms as being a particular element.75.Mass numberof the protons and neutrons in a 质量数the sum nucleus.energy of a particle into visible light.76.Isotopesnuclides with of 同the 位same 素nuclei element or neutrons.different numbers of 77.Nuclear forceattractive between nucleons.interaction 核力the strong that acts 78.Radioactivity spontaneous 放射性.the isotopes energetic particles.with decay the emission of certain of 79.Alpha 子.a particle particle consisting 阿尔法粒of two neutrons,which protons helium nucleus.is the and same as two a 80.Beta 子.an electron.particle贝塔粒81.Gamma 子.a quantum particle or photon 伽马粒of energy.82.Half-lifetakes for one half of the nuclei of 半衰期the time it a isotope to decay.sample of a given radioactive 83.Geiger a counter 盖世计数器based common radiation.on the radiation ionizing nature detector of 84.Dead required timerecover for another detection or for 寿a 命detector the time to count.85.Scintillation 数器a radiation counter detector 闪光计 based phosphor on the material the ability to convert of a a unified field theory.fundamental interactions in 86.Elementary 子the fundamental particlesbuilding 基本粒blocks of nature

87.Exchange the responsible elementary particles交换粒子particles forces or interactions.for fundamental These strong are as follows.for the weak force,the particles;for the electromagnetic force,the gluon;for w and the z force,the gravity,the graviton.photon;and for 88.Hadron that 强子.any panicle force.interacts by the strong 89.Quarks with 夸克.subparticles charges fractional hadrons.thought to electronic make up 90.Electroweak the incorporate single force force弱静电力electromagnetic both believed the to forces.and weak 91.Grand 原理a unified theory that theorycombines 同一性the forces into a single force.strong and electroweak 92.Superforceforce that would describe all.超级力a single 句子

1.Thus,the derivative velocity of timethe particle of the with position is the resect vector to 求导

速度是微小位移对时间的

下载物理专业英语绪论word格式文档
下载物理专业英语绪论.doc
将本文档下载到自己电脑,方便修改和收藏,请勿使用迅雷等下载。
点此处下载文档

文档为doc格式


声明:本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献自行上传,本网站不拥有所有权,未作人工编辑处理,也不承担相关法律责任。如果您发现有涉嫌版权的内容,欢迎发送邮件至:645879355@qq.com 进行举报,并提供相关证据,工作人员会在5个工作日内联系你,一经查实,本站将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。

相关范文推荐

    物理教学论授课教案--绪论

    物理教学论授课教案 绪论 一、教学目的 本绪论对“物理教学论”的学科性质、研究对象和内容以及物理教学论课程的任务、学习方法作一探讨,并且对物理教学论学科的形成和发展......

    专业英语

    我国经济和科学技术正在高速发展,随着我国机械行业实力的不断提升,中国正在加速产品与设备的更新与改造,我国与其他国家在各技术领域也正在实现进一步的合作,许多企业引进了很多......

    专业英语

    土木工程翻译实例----现场质量控制样件概述 On-site Quality Control Samples The Specialist contractor shall erect the first area of each type of the Works and offe......

    专业英语

    http://zaixianfanyi.com/google.php#hj 194页:了解什么归入类别嵌入计算,它足以说明什么不是嵌入式设备的要求。嵌入的设备的寿命非常不同于通用机器的3 年的逐渐过时循环。......

    绪论五篇范文

    绪论 教学任务 1.通过教学,使学生对运动生理学建立基本概念,明确运动生理学的研究对象和研究的基本方法。 2.从生理学角度介绍生命的基本特征,掌握稳态、兴奋性、反应和适应等......

    绪论课外阅读(本站推荐)

    《马克思主义基本原理概论·绪论》课外阅读资料 1、马克思(1818—1883) 马克思,马克思主义的创始人,国际共产主义运动的奠基者,全世界无产阶级的导师和领袖。主要理论贡献是创立......

    绪论课件

    绪论课件 三明学院简介 三明学院是2004年经教育部批准设立的全日制普通本科高等学校。学校的前身是于2000年10月由原三明师范高等专科学校、三明职业大学、三明师范学校、三......

    毕业论文绪论

    1.绪论 1.1 研究目的和意义 电力网是一个近乎天然、入户率绝对第一的物理网络,而现有的功能仅仅是传输电能。如何利用网络资源潜力,在不影响传输电能的基础上,实现窄带或宽带通......