对奥巴马就职演讲词中的修辞浅析

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第一篇:对奥巴马就职演讲词中的修辞浅析

My fellow citizens:

各位同胞:

I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.今天我站在这里,为眼前的重责大任感到谦卑,对各位的信任心怀感激,对先贤的牺牲铭记在心。我要谢谢布什总统为这个国家的服务,也感 谢他在政权转移期间的宽厚和配合。Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath.The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.At these moments, America has

carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.四十四位美国人发表过总统就职誓言,这些誓词或是在繁荣富强及和平宁静之际发表,或是在乌云密布,时局动荡之时。在艰困的时候,美国 能箕裘相继,不仅因为居高位者有能力或愿景,也因为人民持续对先人的抱负有信心,也忠于创建我国的法统。

So it has been.So it must be with this generation of Americans.因此,美国才能承继下来。因此,这一代美国人必须承继下去。

That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.Our economy is badly weakened, a

consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective

failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.Homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.Our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.现在大家都知道我们正置身危机核心,我国正处于对抗深远暴力和憎恨的战争。我们的经济元气大伤,是某些人贪婪且不负责任的后果,也是 大众未能做出艰难的选择,为国家进入新时代做淮备所致。许多人失去房子,丢了工作,生意垮了。我们的医疗照护太昂贵,学校教育辜负了 许多人。每天都有更多证据显示,我们利用能源的方式壮大我们的对敌,威胁我们的星球。

These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our landthey will be met.今天我要告诉各位,我们面临的挑战是真的,挑战非常严重,且不在少数。它们不是可以轻易,或在短时间内解决。但是,美国要了解,这些 挑战会被解决。

On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.在这一天,我们聚在一起,因为我们选择希望而非恐惧,有意义的团结而非纷争和不合。On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.在这一天,我们来此宣示,那些无用的抱怨和虚伪的承诺已终结,那些扭曲我们政治已久的相互指控和陈旧教条已终结。

We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things.The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our better history;to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.我们仍是个年轻的国家,但借用圣经的话,摆脱幼稚事物的时刻到来了,重申我们坚忍精神的时刻到来了,选择我们更好的历史,实践那种代 代传承的珍贵权利,那种高贵的理念:就是上帝的应许,我们每个人都是平等的,每个人都是自由的,每个人都应该有机会追求全然的幸福。

In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given.It must be earned.Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less.It has not been the path for the faint-heartedsome celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.再次肯定我们国家的伟大,我们了解伟大绝非赐予而来,必须努力达成。我们的旅程从来就不是抄捷径或很容易就满足。这条路一直都不是给 不勇敢的人走的,那些偏好逸乐胜过工作,或者只想追求名利就满足的人。恰恰相反,走这条路的始终是勇于冒险的人,做事的人,成事的人,其中有些人很出名,但更常见的是在各自岗位上的男男女女无名英雄,在这条漫长崎区的道路上支撑我们,迈向繁荣与自由。

For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.为了我们,他们携带很少的家当,远渡重洋,追寻新生活。

For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.为了我们,他们胼手胝足,在西部安顿下来;忍受风吹雨打,筚路蓝缕。

For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg;Normandy and Khe Sanh.为了我们,他们奋斗不懈,在康科特和盖茨堡,诺曼地和溪山等地葬身。

第二篇:奥巴马就职演讲词

中国日报网环球在线消息:美国东部时间1月20日中午12时左右,美国第44任总统奥巴马发表就职演说,全文如下:

我的同胞们,今天我站在这里,看到眼前面临的重大任务,深感卑微。我感谢你们对我的信任,也知道先辈们为了这个国家所作的牺牲。我要感谢布什总统为国家做出的贡献,以及感谢他在两届政府过渡期间给与的慷慨协作。

迄今为止,已经有44个美国总统宣誓就职。总统的宣誓有时面对的是国家的和平繁荣,但通常面临的是乌云密布的紧张形势。

在紧张的形势中,支持美国前进的不仅仅是领导人的能力和远见,也在于美国人民对国家先驱者理想的信仰,以及对美国立国文件的忠诚。

前辈们如此,我们这一代美国人也要如此。

现在我们都深知,我们身处危机之中。我们的国家在战斗,对手是影响深远的暴力和憎恨;国家的经济也受到严重的削弱,原因是虽有一些人的贪婪和不负责任,但更为重要的是我们作为一个整体在一些重大问题上决策失误,同时也未能做好应对新时代的准备。

我们的人民正在失去家园,失去工作,很多且要倒闭。社会的医疗过于昂贵、学校教育让许多人失望,而且每天都会有新的证据显示,我们利用能源的方式助长了我们的敌对势力,同时也威胁着我们的星球。

统计数据的指标传达着危机的消息。危机难以测量,但更难以测量的是其对美国人国家自信的侵蚀——现在一种认为美国衰落不可避免,我们的下一代必须低调的言论正在吞噬着人们的自信。

今天我要说,我们的确面临着很多严峻的挑战,而且在短期内不大可能轻易解决。但是我们要相信,我们一定会度过难关。

今天,我们在这里齐聚一堂,因为我们战胜恐惧选择了希望,摒弃了冲突和矛盾而选择了团结。

今天,我们宣布要为无谓的摩擦、不实的承诺和指责画上句号,我们要打破牵制美国政治发展的若干陈旧教条。

美国仍是一个年轻的国家,借用《圣经》的话说,放弃幼稚的时代已经到来了。重拾坚韧精神的时代已经到来,我们要为历史作出更好的选择,我们要秉承历史赋予的宝贵权利,秉承那种代代相传的高贵理念:上帝赋予我们每个人以平等和自由,以及每个人尽全力去追求幸福的机会。

在重申我们国家伟大之处的同时,我们深知伟大从来不是上天赐予的,伟大需要努力赢得。(我们的民族一路走来),这旅途之中从未有过捷径或者妥协,这旅途也不适合胆怯之人、或者爱安逸胜过爱工作之人、或者单单追求名利之人。这条路是勇于承担风险者之路,是实干家、创造者之路。这其中有一些人名留青史,但是更多的人却在默默无闻地工作着。正是这些人带领我们走过了漫长崎岖的旅行,带领我们走向富强和自由。

为了我们,先辈们带着微薄的细软,横渡大洋,寻找新生活;为了我们,先辈们忍辱负重,用血汗浇铸工厂;为了我们,先辈们在荒芜的西部大地辛勤耕作,定居他乡;为了我们,先辈们奔赴(独立战争中的)康科德城和葛底斯堡、(二战中的)诺曼底、(越战中的)KheSahn,他们征战、死去。

一次又一次,我们的先辈们战斗着、牺牲着、操劳着,只为了我们可以生活得更好。在他们看来,美国的强盛与伟大超越了个人雄心,也超越了个人的出身、贫富和派别差异。

今天我们继续先辈们的旅途。美国依然是地球上最富裕、最强大的国家。同危机初露端倪之时相比,美国人民的生产力依然旺盛;与上周、上个月或者去年相比,我们的头脑依然富于创造力,我们的商品和服务依然很有市场,我们的实力不曾削弱。但是,可以肯定的是,轻歌曼舞的时代、保护狭隘利益的时代以及对艰难决定犹豫不决的时代已经过去了。从今天开始,我们必须跌倒后爬起来,拍拍身上的泥土,重新开始工作,重塑美国。

我目之所及,都有工作有待完成。国家的经济情况要求我们采取大胆且快速的行动,我们的确是要行动,不仅是要创造就业,更要为(下一轮经济)增长打下新的基础。我们将造桥铺路,为企业铺设电网和数字线路,将我们联系在一起。我们将回归科学,运用科技的奇迹提高医疗质量,降低医疗费用。我们将利用风能、太阳能和土壤驱动车辆,为工厂提供能源。我们将改革中小学以及大专院校,以适应新时代的要求。这一切,我们都能做到,而且我们都将会做到。

布什告别演说

八年的总统生涯,是美国人民赋予我的荣耀!21世纪的前10年是一个并不寻常的时期。今晚,我带着一颗感恩的心来到这里,并且我希望你们能给我最后一次机会,因为我想和你们分享我对过去八总统生涯的想法,以及我对国家未来的展望。5天以后,全世界就将会看到美国民主的活力。我即将把我的工作交由你们心目中的理想总统,奥巴马!能够接受全美人民崇敬的人,必须能够为你们,为这片土地带来希望。对于我们的国家来说,这是一个充满希望和自豪的时刻。并且,我渴望与美国人民一道为奥巴马,他的妻子和两个漂亮的女儿送去美好的祝愿。

今天,我满怀感激之情,感谢我的副总统切尼以及我所有的政府成员。我还要感谢我的妻子劳拉和我的女儿芭芭拉,詹娜,是她们给我的生活带来了无尽的快乐和爱意。我感谢我的父母,是他们给予了我前进的动力。最重要的是,我感谢美国人民给予我的信任.,我感谢你们给予我的勇气、宽容。

今晚,我的思绪回到了2001年的9月11日。当天早晨,恐怖分子带走了近3000人的生命。自珍珠港事件后,恐怖分子制造了美国历史上最严重的一次恐怖袭击。我想起了3天后我站在世贸中心废墟前的情景,那时,我诚挚地与那些夜以继日抢救伤者的救援工人们交谈,他们不顾自己的危险,在浓烟滚滚的五角大楼的走廊里抓紧工作。同时,我也为不幸遇难的人感到痛心,他们是我们的英雄!我想起了阿琳-霍华德,他当时把他死去儿子的警察盾牌交给了我,以表达对逝者的思念之情。而现在,我仍然珍藏着他的徽章。

随着时间的推移,大部分的美国人民能够从悲痛中解脱出来,并重归“9.11”之前正常的生活。然而,我还没有解脱。每天清晨,我都会收到简报,获知是什么还在威胁着我们国家的安全,并且我发誓一定会竭尽全力来维护你们的安全。

针对我的许多决策,有人对其合法性表示出怀疑。但是,当我们看到结果时这些人就不会再发出疑问了。在过去的七年多来,美国本土再也没有遭受过恐怖袭击。这要归功于那些日夜辛劳保护我们安全的人们:执法人员、情报分析员、国土安全人员、外交人员、以及美军的士兵们。受上帝的恩典,美国有这些愿意在国家危难之际挺身保护他人的公民。我非常珍惜美国可以拥有这些无私的爱国者及其家庭。美国感激你们。对于那些正在收听的演讲的美军士兵们来说,没有什么荣誉要比让你当上总司令还要崇高。

美军正在从事的战争从属于两种系统之间的冲突,而这两种系统又有天壤之别。在其中的一种系统中,一小撮狂热分子要求所有人都服从于他们所制定的暴虐的意识形态,这些人让妇女屈从,而对那些不相信他们暴政的人进行谋杀。而另一种系统则相信自由是上帝给予全世界的礼物,自由与正义是通往和平的道路。美国,正是基于这样的信念诞生的。从长远来看,推广这种理念是保护我们公民的唯一选择。当人们生活在自由之中时,他们就不愿再去选择那些追求恐怖活动的领导者。当人们对未来怀有希望时,他们就不会将自己的生命交给暴力和极端主义。环视全球,美国正在推动人类自由、人权及人的尊严的发展。我们同持有不同政见者以及年轻的民主国家同在,我们为挽救生命而提供治疗艾滋病的药物,我们避免母亲和自己的孩子染上疟疾。自由是美国成立的唯一基石,并且领导世界向一个自由普照全球的时代发展。

过去的八年,我们努力扩大美国人民所拥有的机会与希望。在美国,学生不断上进,以求符合公立学校更高的标准。对于老人和残疾人来说,一种新的医疗处方药福利令他们颇感舒心。每个纳税人缴纳了更少的税款。通过以信仰为基础的治疗项目,那些瘾君子和痛苦的人们找到了新希望。过去八年来的工作更好地保护了人脆弱的生命。对于退伍老兵的补助几乎增加了一倍。美国的一山一水都真切地变得更为干净。睿智的山姆-阿力拓、首席法官约翰-罗伯茨加入到联邦法院中。

当美国的繁荣遇到挑战时,我们勇敢地去面对。当金融危机发生时,我们采取果断措施来保护我们的经济。对于那些辛勤工作的家庭来说,这些都是十分艰难的时期。但是如果我们不采取行动的话,结果将会更为糟糕。所有的美国人都站在了一起。凭借着我们的决心和辛勤工作,我们将美国经济重新拉回到增长的车道上。我们将向世界再次展现美国自由企业制度的复兴。

正如所有前任总统一样,我也曾经历过挫折。如果可能的话,我会采取不一样的方式来应对这些措施。但是,我总是为国家利益的最大化来行动。你也许会不同意我所做出的一些决定,但我希望你能理解我是愿意采取这些措施的。未来的几十年,美国将面对更多的艰难抉择,而有一些指导性原则可以塑造我们的道路。

尽管我们的国家要比7年前更为安全,但目前美国最严峻的威胁仍然是另一场恐怖袭击。我们的敌人十分耐心,并且决心要再次发动袭击。美国没有故意挑起冲突。但是我们肩负着庄严的责任,必须同恐怖主义作斗争。我们不能骄傲自满,我们要坚定决心,我们绝不能放松警惕。与此同时,我们必须带着信心和清晰的目标参与世界事务。面对来自海外的威胁,在国内寻求安慰是一种诱人的举措。但是我们必须拒绝孤立主义与保护主义。退缩只会找来危险。在21世纪,国内的安全和繁荣需要依靠国外自由的扩展。如果美国不领导自由事业,那么自由事业就将无所适从。

一方面我们在处理这些眼前和未来的挑战,另一方面美国必须保持自己在道义上的明确性。我经常谈及善恶问题,这令一些人颇感不适。但是目前这个世界确实存在着善恶双方,而且双方之间无法达成妥协。通过谋杀无辜来宣扬某种意识形态无论在何时何地都是错误的。将人们从压迫与绝望中解救出来是永远正确的。美国必须坚持为正义与真理而呼喊,我们必须保护正义与真理,并且推动和平事业的发展。

托马斯-杰斐逊曾写到:“相比于过去的历史,我更喜欢未来的梦想。”随着我马上要离开白宫,我赞同杰斐逊这样的乐观精神。美国是一个年轻的国家,充满了活力,不断发展与更新。即便在最艰难的时候,美国仍然没有放弃对未来的梦想。

我了解我们民族的特质,因此我也相信美国的明天会更美好。这是一个鼓励移民们为自由的梦想而去尝试一切事情的国家,这是一个在面对危险使仍然镇定的国家,这是一个面对苦难仍抱有同情心的国家。我们在身边的每一个人身上都可以看到美国的特征。今晚,受我和夫人劳拉的邀请,一切代表也来到了白宫。

我在外科医生克里索夫身上看到了美国人民的伟大个性。克里索夫的儿子,一名海军,在伊拉克光荣地献出了自己的生命。当我见到克里索夫和他家人的时候,他告诉了我一个惊人的消息:他告诉我,为了缅怀儿子,他希望加入美国海军医疗团。克里索夫已经60岁了,超过了年龄限制,但是他的申请得到了批准。在过去的一年中,克里索夫接受了良好的训练,但已经荣升少校的他今晚不能来到这里,他很快就会前往伊拉克,在那里他可以救助我们受伤的勇士并继续他儿子为完成的事业。

同时,从美国公民身上,我看到了我们国家优秀的一面—我们的国家充满关怀和希望,这样的优点令我对国家有着坚贞的信念。我们面临着危险和审判,而且在未来我们仍将需要应对更多的挑战。然而,依靠你们的勇气和信心,伟大的美国永远会稳如磐石,从来不会走向没落。

对我来说,能够担任你们的总统,是我一生的荣耀。我有过欢乐也有过困苦。但是,每天我都会受到伟大祖国的鼓舞,并且我也一直在为我们的国家祈祷。在以后的时光里,我会永远珍视这样一段话:美利坚合众国的公民。

我亲爱的同胞们,我的演说就到这里了,晚安!愿上帝保佑奥巴马!愿上帝保佑你和我们美好的国家!

第三篇:奥巴马就职演讲主要修辞

修辞学期末作业

——关于奥巴马就职演讲的修辞格分析 11级英语7班 1105020224 张骁

奥巴马就职演讲的修辞分析

一、头韵(alliteration)1.time and again these men and women and and 此句中struggled与sacrificed和live与life两组头韵,前一组再现了先辈们浴血奋战的场景和他们无私奉献的精神,后一组则把一组对美好明天的向往生动地勾勒了出来。2.此句中prosperous与powerful这组头韵,描绘出了美利坚合众国的繁荣富强,头韵的修辞使表达非常具有感染力。

3.off unpleasant decision-that time has surely passed.此句中pat,protecting与putting三个以“p”开头为头韵的词放在一起,给人以巧夺天工之感。

4.we will restore science to its rightful place, and technology’s ’s quality and lower its cost.此句中wield与wonders的运用浑然天成,运用地非常精准。5.此句中三组头韵:families和find,decent与dignified,care与can的运用不仅有效地表达了评判一个政府的标准,而且在演讲中演讲极富韵律,让人过耳不忘。6.to the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to 这三个以“f”开头的词恰当地运用了头韵这个修辞格,生动地流露了美利坚人民帮助贫穷国家人民的行动与热情。7.此句同意是三个具有头韵效果的词叠用,描绘出了消防队员勇敢无畏冲进浓烟火海的场景。8.两个名词都以“p”开头连用,是头韵修辞较为普通的运用。

二、元音韵(assonance)1....and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy our adversaries and our planet.2.元音韵在本演讲稿的例子很多,作为较早就出现的修辞格,元音韵的使用增添了文章字里行间的意境美令人感觉旋律优美,读来令人过目不忘,是非常容易模仿使用的一种修辞格。

三、辅音韵(consonance)1.for the trust you have bestowed, of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.辅音韵同元音韵一样,是跟元音韵相类似的一种修辞格。同样也能给人带来韵律的对称,语音的悦耳以及表达的节奏感的效果。

四、反复(repetition)1.our workers productive than when this crisis began.our they were last week or last month or last year.此句中三个“no less”的连续使用描写出了在金融危机时候我们的工人,我们的创造力,我们的商品和服务仍旧保持着一流的水平。这样的反复使用,不仅增加了韵律美,更加强化了对他们的赞美之情。2.decent wage...此句中三个“whether”的连用使得语义更为明晰,语气也得以递进,强调出了我们的政府该做什么和是什么的问题,让人听来热血沸腾。3.our challenges the instruments with which we meet 两个“may be new”的连用是欲扬先抑的描写手法的较好的体现,目的是为了引出下文。4.on the part of every american, that we have to ourselves, our seize gladly...重复使用“duties”一词使其得以强调和突出,深刻地描写出了在负责任的新时代我们肩负的责任,让我们更加认同自己所担负的使命。

五、首语重复(anaphora)chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.首语重复是反复的一种特殊情况,这两句中“all”和“last”的三次重复出现,使层次结构变得更为明显,使语言富有回环美、复沓美、节奏美和旋律美。

六、排比(parallelism)1.i stand here today by the task before us, for the trust you have bestowed, of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.这是奥巴马总统演讲的首句,以“humbled, grateful, mindful”三个平行的形容词来描写自己当时的心里状态,把自己的诚惶诚恐和感恩戴德之情抒发的淋漓尽致。2., we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.“on this day”引出的两个排比句先声夺人,让听众清晰地感知了演讲者篇二:对奥巴马就职演讲词中的修辞浅析 my fellow citizens: 各位同胞: i stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.i thank president bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.今天我站在这里,为眼前的重责大任感到谦卑,对各位的信任心怀感激,对先贤的牺牲铭记在心。我要谢谢布什总统为这个国家的服务,也感 谢他在政权转移期间的宽厚和配合。forty-four americans have now taken the presidential oath.the words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.at these moments, america has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the people have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.四十四位美国人发表过总统就职誓言,这些誓词或是在繁荣富强及和平宁静之际发表,或是在乌云密布,时局动荡之时。在艰困的时候,美国 能箕裘相继,不仅因为居高位者有能力或愿景,也因为人民持续对先人的抱负有信心,也忠于创建我国的法统。so it has been.so it must be with this generation of americans.因此,美国才能承继下来。因此,这一代美国人必须承继下去。that we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.现在大家都知道我们正置身危机核心,我国正处于对抗深远暴力和憎恨的战争。我们的经济元气大伤,是某些人贪婪且不负责任的后果,也是 大众未能做出艰难的选择,为国家进入新时代做淮备所致。许多人失去房子,丢了工作,生意垮了。我们的医疗照护太昂贵,学校教育辜负了 许多人。每天都有更多证据显示,我们利用能源的方式壮大我们的对敌,威胁我们的星球。these are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our landthey will be met.今天我要告诉各位,我们面临的挑战是真的,挑战非常严重,且不在少数。它们不是可以轻易,或在短时间内解决。但是,美国要了解,这些 挑战会被解决。on this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.我们仍是个年轻的国家,但借用圣经的话,摆脱幼稚事物的时刻到来了,重申我们坚忍精神的时刻到来了,选择我们更好的历史,实践那种代 代传承的珍贵权利,那种高贵的理念:就是上帝的应许,我们每个人都是平等的,每个人都是自由的,每个人都应该有机会追求全然的幸福。in reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given.it must be earned.our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less.it has not been the path for the faint-heartedsome celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.再次肯定我们国家的伟大,我们了解伟大绝非赐予而来,必须努力达成。我们的旅程从来就不是抄捷径或很容易就满足。这条路一直都不是给 不勇敢的人走的,那些偏好逸乐胜过工作,或者只想追求名利就满足的人。恰恰相反,走这条路的始终是勇于冒险的人,做事的人,成事的人,其中有些人很出名,但更常见的是在各自岗位上的男男女女无名英雄,在这条漫长崎区的道路上支撑我们,迈向繁荣与自由。for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.为了我们,他们携带很少的家当,远渡重洋,追寻新生活。for us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.为了我们,他们胼手胝足,在西部安顿下来;忍受风吹雨打,筚路蓝缕。for us, they fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg;normandy and khe sanh.为了我们,他们奋斗不懈,在康科特和盖茨堡,诺曼地和溪山等地葬身。篇三:关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析 obama inaugural speech language features 关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析_句子结构 时间:2011-06-18 08:52:51 来源:句子结构 作者:秩名

论文导读::这也正是政治演说通常带有明显的宗教色彩的原因。关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析。论文关键词:就职演说修辞手段,宗教色彩,句子结构

总统大多在美国历史上占有特殊地位,其演说亦各具特色。二百多年来,从乔治.华盛顿到巴洛克.奥巴马,总统们通过就职演说表达其美好希望和英雄梦想,展示其雄才大略和施政纲领。因此,很多的就职演说词不仅仅是总统个人忠诚与热情、风度与智慧的生动写照,更是美国民族社会与历史、经济与文化的壮丽画卷,值得鉴赏和学习。

作为美国的第四十四任总统句子结构,巴洛克.奥巴马就任之际正逢全国性的经济危机,其就职演说不可避免的也会起到表达这位新晋总统的政治思想和增加公众对于政府的信心的作用。本文将从修辞手段的运用,句子类型以及宗教特色等多方面就这篇就职演说词的语言特色进行分析。

一. 修辞特色

总统就职演说的主要目的是通过宣传本届政府的主要政策以唤起民众的热情,使民众认可新政府并加以支持。各类修辞手段的运用将会使得演说更加生动和具有说服力,以达到上述目的。

1.排比的运用 ? for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions „for us,they toiled in sweatshops„for us, they fought and died„ ?the capital was abandoned.the enemy was advancing.the snow wasstained with blood.2.反复的运用

在现代英语中,反复(repetition)通常被用来表达强烈的感受,展示压抑的情感或是强调某物的重要性(胡曙中,1993)。在奥巴马的就职演说词中,有多个词如“危机”等被反复使用。具体分析如下:

通过分析上表可以看出,总统在演说中多次提到我们以及表示危机、精神和奋斗等意义的词语。通过反复的强调,使整个国家的听众感受到总统战胜危机、继续推进国家发展的决心和信心。在演说词中,较之于对“threat”的轻蔑语气,奥巴马更青睐“work”一词,这也清楚而且强烈的表达出了他对于当前国家经济状况的政治态度和决心。与其他词相比,“we”是使用次数最多的一个单词。在这一个个的我们当中,听众感受到与演说者的一种强烈的亲密联系,整个国家仿佛一个紧密团结的整体,应当共同努力、共同奋斗以及共同前行。由此,演说的目的也就达到了。3.头韵的运用

有魅力的语言是一定是充满韵律的。头韵是英语语音修辞手段之一,它蕴含了语言的音乐美和整齐美,使得语言声情交融、音义一体,具有很强的表现力和感染力.它指的是在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感(熊莉句子结构,2004)。

每种文体的写作都要考虑文字读起来是否流畅和有节奏,总统的演讲稿也不能例外。恰当的运用压头韵的修辞手段,将会是的演说词的语言抑扬顿挫、富有节奏感,从而起到感染气氛和增强效果的作用。

二.宗教特色

宗教是西方文化不可或缺的组成部分。在历次的就职演说中,总统们通常都会希望借助上帝的力量使得他们的演说更加充满吸引力和感染力。这也正是政治演说通常带有明显的宗教色彩的原因。奥巴马在他的就职演说中,多次直接引用圣经中的句子来表达其政治观点,目的在于使得本次演说更加具有说服力,鼓励民众树立对新政府迎战危机、重建更美好未来的信心。

the god-given promise that all are equal,all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure ofhappiness.? we are a nation of christians and muslims,jews and hindus-and non-believers...’ in this sentence, the presidents standis shown by mentioning most of the main religious believes in the usa , whichwould benefit the unity of the different religious believers and the lesseningof religious conflicts.?...with eyes fixed onthe horizon and god’s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift offreedom and delivered it safely to future generations.在就职演说的最后,奥巴马总统祈求上帝的赐福,号召民众将上帝所赋予人类的自由之权世代相传,无所畏惧迎战一切困难。

三.句式结构

与日常会话、广告词和新闻报道等不同,总统就职演说在句式结构上也有独特的要求中国论文下载中心。在演讲中,陈述句居多,而一般很少使用疑问句,原因是虽然疑问句会使得演讲的语言生动,但同时也会削弱演说的严肃性句子结构,因而降低演说的信服力(熊莉,2004)。

恰当的运用祈使句可以使得演说具有极强的号召力。巴洛克.奥巴马就任之际恰逢美国身处经济危机的关键时刻,为达到鼓励民众为经济复兴而努力奋战的目的,很显然对于当前形势轻描淡写的描述肯定是不够的。在这种情况下,他的就职演说必须具备足够的吸引力和号召力,才能够挽回濒临对政府失去信任边缘的民众的心。

巴拉克.奥巴马总统是一位十分具有演说才能的总统,他的就职演说更是取得了巨大的成功。这篇就职演说无论在阐述观点还是文字修饰方面都颇具功力,具有很高的政治价值和文学价值。由于演说词庄重严肃的独特语境,虽然这篇演说是通过口头方式进行表达的,却具有较强的书面语特征。本文通过对其就职演说在修辞手法、宗教色彩和句子结构特点等语言特色方面的分析,意在指出修辞手段的熟练运用,对演说词的文体特征的准确把握以及此演说富有的浓郁的宗教色彩都使它成为英文政治演说中的成功之作,不仅具有很高的欣赏价值,而且顺利地达到了总统就职演说的政治目的。

参考文献

黄任,英语修辞与写作[m ]。上海:上海外语教育出版社 ,1996。

胡曙中,英汉修辞比较研究[m]。上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1993。

胡曙中,英语修辞学[m]。上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2001。

熊莉,从就职演说词看肯尼迪演说的文体风格[j]。西南民族大学学报:人文社科版, 2004,(6)。王佐良,丁旺道。英语文体学引论[m]。北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1987。徐振忠,英语政治演说词的宗教色彩[j]。《现代外语》,1995,(3)。

姓名:段学雯

文章字数:3000图表:1个篇四:奥巴马就职演说的语言艺术分析

一、演说与修辞时下英语界一般将英语文体(或称语体)分为口头体和书面体两大类。但实践证明,这样的划分失之粗率。其弊病在于名实难符:口头体并不仅限于口语形式,而书面体也不仅限于书面形式。譬如,正式场合的演讲、报告,以及官方的谈话所用的文体就不能划入口语体,而应属于书面体。

演说活动自古以来就是人类社会的一项重要活动。演讲者通过宣传某种思想,让听众理解和接受自己的观点和主张,进而号召听众采取一致的行动。演讲者要达到预想的演讲效果必须研究演说词的语言表达艺术。演说词的修辞手法是演讲者最主要的语言技巧。修辞是从表达方式,表达效果的角度去研究语音、词汇、语法的运用。

美国总统的就职演说是一种在特定场合下的演说。现场听众可达百万之众,并且向国内外进行现场直播。美国民众及世界各国总是对新总统有着无限期待,总统的就职演说可谓是新政府向民众交出的第一份答卷。总统要在就职演说中抒发自己的治国理想,分析国家面临的困难和挑战,宣布自己的施政纲领以及如何实现民众的希望。各大媒体的调查表明,大多数美国民众对奥巴马的就职演说感到满意和非常满意。本文拟从语音、词汇和句法三个方面的修辞手段的使用情况对奥巴马的就职演说进行文体分析,探讨这篇演说词的语言艺术。

二、奥巴马演说词的修辞手段 1.音韵修辞格

(1)头韵(alliteration)是语音修辞手段之一。它是指两个以上紧邻单词首音(通常是辅音)相同。头韵的修辞作用是增强语言的节奏感,使语言产生音乐般的美感。头韵多用于诗歌和散文中,但人们也经常在演讲中运用头韵来增加语言的美感,加深听众的印象。同样尾韵(end rhyme)也有类似的修辞作用。

奥巴马就职演说中运用头韵的句子有: 1)with old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat?(对于老朋友和老对手,我们将不遗余力地继续削弱核威胁?)2)we are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this earth.(我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响,我们吸取了这个地球上任何一个角落的有益成分.)

运用尾韵的句子有: 1)homes have been lost;jobs shed;business shuttered.(我们的人民正失去家园,失去工作,企业要倒闭。)2)rather, it has been the risk–takers, the doers, the makers of things...(确实,这条路是勇于承担风险者之路,是实干家、创造者之路...)朗读上述句子,可以体会到使用头韵和尾韵给语言带来的节奏和韵律。2.词汇修辞格

在英语词汇中含有六个字母以上或三个音节以上的词通常被看成是大词。这些词往往来自于拉丁语,希腊语或法语,或者有着复杂的内部结构。大词在正式的书面体中出现频率较多。

在奥巴马的就职演说词中,总词汇量为2393个,其中六个字母以上的单词就有643个,占总数的26.8%,稍低于美国总统就职演说词中六个字母以上词的平均含词量:27.7%。从这一数据来看,奥氏的就职演说与往届的美国总统的就职演说一样,具有很明显的口语体特征。演讲者往往使用形容词来对某些言行进行绘声绘色的描述,以此表达自己的主观倾向,渲染感情色彩。在奥氏就职演说中有形容词137个,占总词数的5.7%,与小布什就职演说的5.6%相近,但远远少于美国总统就职演说词中形容词的平均含词量:7.4%。

在演说中大量使用第一人称复数是许多演讲者常用的语言技巧,目的是将听众拉到演讲者一边,将演讲者和听众放到同一立场上,让听众感受到“我们是相同”的认同感。奥氏在就职演说中使用“我们(we)”有55次,其变体“our”有61次,“us”有21次,三项合计有137次,而奥氏演讲全文中有129句,另加101 个从句和25个并列句,几乎是一开口必称“我们”。美国总统的就职演说为了使语言表达更为准确、具体、鲜明、生动、有力,常常会使用明喻、隐喻、拟人、夸张、借代等词汇修辞格帮助听众加深对事物的理解,加强演讲的现场气氛,提高演讲效果。

以下是奥巴马在就职演说中的使用情况。

(1)明喻(simile):用另一种事物比喻所要说明的事物,达到更形象、更深刻说明事物的目的,通常用like或as连接。1)for us, they fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg, normandy and khe sanh.(为了我们,他们奔赴像康科德城和葛底斯堡、诺曼底和克山这样的地方去征战并且牺牲。)2)they saw america as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions.(在他们看来,美国的强盛要比个人的雄心壮志重大得多.)(2)隐喻(metaphor):不用like或as的隐藏的比喻。1)our journey has never been one of shortcuts or setting for less.(我们的民族之旅从未有过捷径或者妥协。)2)starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking america.(从今天开始,我们必须跌倒后自己爬起来,拍拍身上的泥土,然后重新开始工作,重塑美国。)(3)拟人(personification):把事、物、观念拟作人,赋予它们以人的思想、感情与行为方式。

2)in the year of america’s birth?(在美国诞生的年代?)(4)夸张(hyperbole):在真实的基础上有意言过其实以更好地反映事物的本质。

1)time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.(一次又一次,我们的先辈们奋斗着、牺牲着、操劳着,直至磨破双手,只是为了我们可以生活得更好。)2)the snow was stained with blood.(冬天的雪被鲜血染成了红色。)(5)借代或称转喻(metonymy):不相类似的甲乙之间有着不可分离的关系,利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物。1)those of us who manage the public’s dollars will be held to account——to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day.(掌管纳税人税金的人应当承担起责任,合理支出,摒弃陋习,在阳光下做事。用“阳光”代表“公开”、“透明”。)3.句法修辞格

句法修辞格是通过对句子结构的特定安排达到特别的修辞效果。

比如奥巴马在其就职演说中使用了下列句法修辞手段:

(1)排比(parallelism):由三项或以上的词语或句子构成,其并列的结构相同或类似,意义相关,语气连贯。1)our nation is at war,?our economy is badly weakened,?our health care is too costly.(我们的国家正处在战争状态?我们的国家经济也受到严重的削弱,?我们的社会医疗过于昂贵。)2)for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and travelled across oceans in search of anew life.for us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.for us, th ey fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg, normandy and khesanh.(为了我们,先辈们带着微薄的家当,横渡大洋,寻找新生活;为了我们,先辈们在血汗工厂劳作,忍受皮鞭的抽打;为了我们,先辈们定居西部,在荒芜的土地辛勤耕作;为了我们,先辈们奔赴像康科德城和葛底斯堡,诺曼底和克山这样的地方去征战并且牺牲。)(2)反复(repetition):不止一次地使用同一词语或句子。与排比的区别在于,反复着重于词语,排比着重于结构。1)so it has been.so it must be with this generation of americans.(前辈们如此。我们这一代美国人也要如此。)2)?these things are old.these things are true.(?这些东西历久弥新。这些东西真实可靠。)(3)对偶(antithesis):工整匀称的并列结构,常把字数、结构相同或相近,意义彼此相关的两个词或并列结构对称地排列在一起,是表示对比关系的有效手段。1)where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward.where the answer is no, program will end.(哪个方案的答案是肯定的,我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案的答案是否定的,我们就选择终止。)

(4)倒装(inversion):谓语置于主语之前,词序不同于正常语序的语法修辞手段,达到强调句子中某一成分的目的。1)they understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please(.他们明白单凭自己的力量我们无法保护自己,也无权做到随心所欲。)篇五:奥巴马就职演说的语言艺术

一、演说与修辞时下英语界一般将英语文体(或称语体)分为口头体和书面体两大类。但实践证明,这样的划分失之粗率。其弊病在于名实难符:口头体并不仅限于口语形式,而书面体也不仅限于书面形式。譬如,正式场合的演讲、报告,以及官方的谈话所用的文体就不能划入口语体,而应属于书面体。

演说活动自古以来就是人类社会的一项重要活动。演讲者通过宣传某种思想,让听众理解和接受自己的观点和主张,进而号召听众采取一致的行动。演讲者要达到预想的演讲效果必须研究演说词的语言表达艺术。演说词的修辞手法是演讲者最主要的语言技巧。修辞是从表达方式,表达效果的角度去研究语音、词汇、语法的运用。

美国总统的就职演说是一种在特定场合下的演说。现场听众可达百万之众,并且向国内外进行现场直播。美国民众及世界各国总是对新总统有着无限期待,总统的就职演说可谓是新政府向民众交出的第一份答卷。总统要在就职演说中抒发自己的治国理想,分析国家面临的困难和挑战,宣布自己的施政纲领以及如何实现民众的希望。各大媒体的调查表明,大多数美国民众对奥巴马的就职演说感到满意和非常满意。本文拟从语音、词汇和句法三个方面的修辞手段的使用情况对奥巴马的就职演说进行文体分析,探讨这篇演说词的语言艺术。

二、奥巴马演说词的修辞手段 1.音韵修辞格

(1)头韵(alliteration)是语音修辞手段之一。它是指两个以上紧邻单词首音(通常是辅音)相同。头韵的修辞作用是增强语言的节奏感,使语言产生音乐般的美感。头韵多用于诗歌和散文中,但人们也经常在演讲中运用头韵来增加语言的美感,加深听众的印象。同样尾韵(end rhyme)也有类似的修辞作用。奥巴马就职演说中运用头韵的句子有: 1)with old friends and former foes,we will worktirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat„(对于老朋友和老对手,我们将不遗余力地继续削弱核威胁„)2)we are shaped by every language and culture,drawn from every end of this earth.(我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响,我们吸取了这个地球上任何一个角落的有益成分.)

运用尾韵的句子有: 1)homes have been lost;jobs shed;businessshuttered.(我们的人民正失去家园,失去工作,企业要倒闭。)2)rather,it has been the risk–takers,the doers,the makers of things...(确实,这条路是勇于承担风险者之路,是实干家、创造者之路...)朗读上述句子,可以体会到使用头韵和尾韵给语言带来的节奏和韵律。2.词汇修辞格

在英语词汇中含有六个字母以上或三个音节以上的词通常被看成是大词。这些词往往来自于拉丁语,希腊语或法语,或者有着复杂的内部结构。大词在正式的书面体中出现频率较多。在奥巴马的就职演说词中,总词汇量为2393个,其中六个字母以上的单词就有643个,占总数的26.8%,稍低于美国总统就职演说词中六个字母以上词的平均含词量:27.7%。从这一数据来看,奥氏的就职演说与往届的美国总统的就职演说一样,具有很明显的口语体特征。演讲者往往使用形容词来对某些言行进行绘声绘色的描述,以此表达自己的主观倾向,渲染感情色彩。在奥氏就职演说中有形容词137个,占总词数的5.7%,与小布什就职演说的5.6%相近,但远远少于美国总统就职演说词中形容词的平均含词量:7.4%。在演说中大量使用第一人称复数是许多演讲者常用的语言技巧,目的是将听众拉到演讲者一边,将演讲者和听众放到同一立场上,让听众感受到―我们是相同‖的认同感。奥氏在就职演说中使用―我们(we)‖有55次,其变体―our‖有61次,―us‖有21次,三项合计有137次,而奥氏演讲全文中有129句,另加101个从句和25个并列句,几乎是一开口必称―我们‖。美国总统的就职演说为了使语言表达更为准确、具体、鲜明、生动、有力,常常会使用明喻、隐喻、拟人、夸张、借代等词汇修辞格帮助听众加深对事物的理解,加强演讲的现场气氛,提高演讲效果。

以下是奥巴马在就职演说中的使用情况。

(1)明喻(simile):用另一种事物比喻所要说明的事物,达到更形象、更深刻说明事物的目的,通常用like或as连接。1)for us,they fought and died,in places likeconcord and gettysburg,normandy and khe sanh.(为了我们,他们奔赴像康科德城和葛底斯堡、诺曼底和克山这样的地方去征战并且牺牲。)

2)they saw america as bigger than the sum ofour individual ambitions.(在他们看来,美国的强盛要比个人的雄心壮志重大得多.)(2)隐喻(metaphor):不用like或as的隐藏的比喻。1)our journey has never been one of shortcuts orsetting for less.(我们的民族之旅从未有过捷径或者妥协。)2)starting today,we must pick ourselves up,dustourselves off,and begin again the work of remakingamerica.(从今天开始,我们必须跌倒后自己爬起来,拍拍身上的泥土,然后重新开始工作,重塑美国。)(3)拟人(personification):把事、物、观念拟作人,赋予它们以人的思想、感情与行为方式。2)in the year of america’s birth„(在美国诞生的年代„)(4)夸张(hyperbole):在真实的基础上有意言过其实以更好地反映事物的本质。1)time and again these men and women struggledand sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw sothat we might live a better life.(一次又一次,我们的先辈们奋斗着、牺牲着、操劳着,直至磨破双手,只是为了我们可以生活得更好。)2)the snow was stained with blood.(冬天的雪被鲜血染成了红色。)(5)借代或称转喻(metonymy):不相类似的甲乙之间有着不可分离的关系,利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物。1)those of us who manage the public’s dollarswill be held to account——to spend wisely,reform badhabits,and do our business in the light of day.(掌管纳税人税金的人应当承担起责任,合理支出,摒弃陋习,在阳光下做事。用―阳光‖代表―公开‖、―透明‖。)3.句法修辞格

句法修辞格是通过对句子结构的特定安排达到特别的修辞效果。

比如奥巴马在其就职演说中使用了下列句法修辞手段:

(1)排比(parallelism):由三项或以上的词语或句子构成,其并列的结构相同或类似,意义相关,语气连贯。1)our nation is at war,„our economy is badlyweakened,„our health care is too costly.(我们的国家正处在战争状态„我们的国家经济也受到严重的削弱,„我们的社会医疗过于昂贵。)2)for us,they packed up their few worldlypossessions and travelled across oceans in search of anew life.for us,they toiled in sweatshops and settledthe west;endured the lash of the whip and plowed thehard earth.for us,they fought and died,in places likeconcord and gettysburg,normandy and khe sanh.(为了我们,先辈们带着微薄的家当,横渡大洋,寻找新生活;为了我们,先辈们在血汗工厂劳作,忍受皮鞭的抽打;为了我们,先辈们定居西部,在荒芜的土地辛勤耕作;为了我们,先辈们奔赴像康科德城和葛底斯堡,诺曼底和克山这样的地方去征战并且牺牲。)(2)反复(repetition):不止一次地使用同一词语或句子。与排比的区别在于,反复着重于词语,排比着重于结构。1)so it has been.so it must be with thisgeneration of americans.(前辈们如此。我们这一代美国人也要如此。)2)„these things are old.these things are true.(„这些东西历久弥新。这些东西真实可靠。)(3)对偶(antithesis):工整匀称的并列结构,常把字数、结构相同或相近,意义彼此相关的两个词或并列结构对称地排列在一起,是表示对比关系的有效手段。1)where the answer is yes,we intend to moveforward.where the answer is no,program will end.(哪个方案的答案是肯定的,我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案的答案是否定的,我们就选择终止。)

(4)倒装(inversion):谓语置于主语之前,词序不同于正常语序的语法修辞手段,达到强调句子中某一成分的目的。1)they understood that our power alone cannotprotect us,nor does it entitle us to do as we please(.他们明白单凭自己的力量我们无法保护自己,也无权做到随心所欲。)2)we will not apologize for our way of life,norwill we waver in its defense„(我们不会为我们的生活方式感到抱歉,也不会动摇地捍卫我们的生活方式„)(5)引经据典(allusion):引用《圣经》的格言和美国国父们的治国理念及教导,使听众更容易理解和接受。1)„to carry forward precious gift,that noble idea,passed on from generation to generation:the god-givenpromise that all are equal,all are free and all deserve achance to pursue their full measure of happiness(.„我们秉承历史赋予的宝贵权利,秉承那种代代相传的高尚理念:上帝赋予我们每个人以平等和自由,以及每个人尽全力

去追求幸福的机会。)

三、结语

奥巴马的就职演说词表面上是通过口头方式进行表达的,似乎是脱稿演讲,实际上是经过了精心准备和斟酌,并且做到了藏稿于心。整篇演说词朴实无华,极少使用堂皇之词,这与奥巴马的平民、律师、美国首位黑人总统的身份是相符的,使得他的演说更容易被普罗大众所接受。

在这篇看似平凡的演讲中,奥巴马使用了不平凡的修辞手段来增强演讲的效果。他使用了音韵修辞格、词汇修辞格和句法修辞格等多种修辞手段为演讲增添色彩,本文例举的数十处例句是其主要的修辞手段,但还有一些修辞词句没有列举出来。奥巴马在演讲中娴熟地使用了语言艺术的技巧来提高演讲的效果,他吸取了历届总统就职演说的精华,又旗帜鲜明地保留了自己的时代感,现实性和平民性,同时,也使这篇演说词具有了语言艺术的欣赏性。参考文献

[1]李鑫华.英语修辞格详论[m].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000:1-201.[2]王惠生.交际语言艺术[m].长沙:中南大学出版社,2006:96-106.[3]richards,j.c.,等.朗文语言教学及应用语言学辞典[m].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2002:16.[4]thornborrow,j..patterns in language:stylistics for studentsof language and literature[m].routledge,1998:3-93.[5]熊莉.从就职演说辞看肯尼迪演说的文体风格[j].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2004,(6):407-410.[6]王佐良,丁往道.英语文体学引论[m].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1987:1-22.(责任编辑:董雅洁)

一、演说与修辞时下英语界一般将英语文体(或称语体)分为口头体和书面体两大类。但实践证明,这样的划分失之粗率。其弊病在于名实难符:口头体并不仅限于口语形式,而书面体也不仅限于书面形式。譬如,正式场合的演讲、报告,以及官方的谈话所用的文体就不能划入口语体,而应属于书面体。

演说活动自古以来就是人类社会的一项重要活动。演讲者通过宣传某种思想,让听众理解和接受自己的观点和主张,进而号召听众采取一致的行动。演讲者要达到预想的演讲效果必须研究演说词的语言表达艺术。演说词的修辞手法是演讲者最主要的语言技巧。修辞是从表达方式,表达效果的角度去研究语音、词汇、语法的运用。

美国总统的就职演说是一种在特定场合下的演说。现场听众可达百万之众,并且向国内外进

行现场直播。美国民众及世界各国总是对新总统有着无限期待,总统的就职演说可谓是新政府向民众交出的第一份答卷。总统要在就职演说中抒发自己的治国理想,分析国家面临的困难和挑战,宣布自己的施政纲领以及如何实现民众的希望。各大媒体的调查表明,大多数美国民众对奥巴马的就职演说感到满意和非常满意。本文拟从语音、词汇和句法三个方面的修辞手段的使用情况对奥巴马的就职演说进行文体分析,探讨这篇演说词的语言艺术。

二、奥巴马演说词的修辞手段 1.音韵修辞格

(1)头韵(alliteration)是语音修辞手段之一。它是指两个以上紧邻单词首音(通常是辅音)相同。头韵的修辞作用是增强语言的节奏感,使语言产生音乐般的美感。头韵多用于诗歌和散文中,但人们也经常在演讲中运用头韵来增加语言的美感,加深听众的印象。同样尾韵(end rhyme)也有类似的修辞作用。

奥巴马就职演说中运用头韵的句子有: 1)with old friends and former foes,we will worktirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat„(对于老朋友和老对手,我们将不遗余力地继续削弱核威胁„)2)we are shaped by every language and culture,drawn from every end of this earth.(我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响,我们吸取了这个地球上任何一个角落的有益成分.)

运用尾韵的句子有: 1)homes have been lost;jobs shed;businessshuttered.(我们的人民正失去家园,失去工作,企业要倒闭。)2)rather,it has been the risk–takers,the doers,the makers of things...(确实,这条路是勇于承担风险者之路,是实干家、创造者之路...)朗读上述句子,可以体会到使用头韵和尾韵给语言带来的节奏和韵律。2.词汇修辞格

在英语词汇中含有六个字母以上或三个音节以上的词通常被看成是大词。这些词往往来自于拉丁语,希腊语或法语,或者有着复杂的内部结构。大词在正式的书面体中出现频率较多。在奥巴马的就职演说词中,总词汇量为2393个,其中六个字母以上的单词就有643个,占总数的26.8%,稍低于美国总统就职演说词中六个字母以上词的平均含词量:27.7%。从这一数据来看,奥氏的就职演说与往届的美国总统的就职演说一样,具有很明显的口语体特征。演讲者往往使用形容词来对某些言行进行绘声绘色的描述,以此表达自己的主观倾向,渲染感情色彩。在奥氏就职演说中有形容词137个,占总词数的5.7%,与小布什就职演说的5.6%相近,但远远少于美国总统就职演说词中形容词的平均含词量:7.4%。

在演说中大量使用第一人称复数是许多演讲者常用的语言技巧,目的是将听众拉到演讲者一边,将演讲者和听众放到同一立场上,让听众感受到―我们是相同‖的认同感。奥氏在就职演说中使用―我们(we)‖有55次,其变体―our‖有61次,―us‖有21次,三项合计有137次,而奥氏演讲全文中有129句,另加101个从句和25个并列句,几乎是一开口必称―我们‖。美国总统的就职演说为了使语言表达更为准确、具体、鲜明、生动、有力,常常会使用明喻、隐喻、拟人、夸张、借代等词汇修辞格帮助听众加深对事物的理解,加强演讲的现场气氛,提高演讲效果。

以下是奥巴马在就职演说中的使用情况。

第四篇:奥巴马演讲词

Remarks of President Barack ObamaMay 19, 2012 For the past three and a half years, we’ve been fighting our way back from an historic economic crisis – one caused by breathtaking irresponsibility on the part of some on Wall Street who treated our financial system like a casino.Not only did that behavior nearly destroy the financial system – it cost our economy millions of jobs, hurt middle-class families, and left taxpayers holding the bag.Since then, we’ve recovered taxpayer dollars that were used to stabilize troubled banks.And we’ve put in place Wall Street reform with smarter, tougher, commonsense rules that serve one primary purpose: to prevent a crisis like that from ever happening again.And yet, for the past two years, too many Republicans in Congress and an army of financial industry lobbyists have actually been waging an all-out battle to delay, defund, and dismantle Wall Street reform.Recently, we’ve seen why we can’t let that happen.We found out that a big mistake at one of our biggest banks resulted in a two billion dollar loss.While that bank can handle a loss of that size, other banks may not have been able to.And without Wall Street reform, we could have found ourselves with the taxpayers once again on the hook for Wall Street’s mistakes.That’s why it’s so important that Members of Congress stand on the side of reform, not against it;because we can’t afford to go back to an era of weak regulation and little oversight;where excessive risk-taking on Wall Street and a lack of basic oversight in Washington nearly destroyed our economy.We can't afford to go back to that brand of “you’re-on-your-own” economics.Not after the American people have worked so hard to come back from this crisis.We’ve got to keep moving forward.We’ve got to finish the job of implementing this reform and putting these rules in place.These new rules say that, if you’rea big bank or financial institution, you now have to hold more cash on hand so that if you make a bad decision you pay for it, not the taxpayers.You have to write out a “living will” that details how you’ll be wound down if you do fail.The new law takes away big bonuses and paydays from failed CEOs, while giving shareholders a say on executive salaries.And for the first time in our nation’s history, we have in place a consumer watchdog whose sole job is to look out for working families by protecting them from deceptive and unfair practices.So unless you run a financial institution whose business model is built on cheating consumers, or making risky bets that could damage the whole economy, you have nothing to fear from Wall Street reform.Yes, it discourages big banks and financial institutions from making risky bets with taxpayer-insured money.And it encourages them to do things that actually help the economy – like extending loans toentrepreneurs with good ideas, to middle-class families who want to buy a home, to students who want to pursue higher education.That is what Wall Street reform is all about – making this economy stronger for you.And we are going to keep working – to recover every job lost to the recession;to build an economy where hard work and responsibility are once again rewarded;to restore an America where everyone has a fair shot, everyone does their fair share, and everyone plays by the same rules.I believe the free market is one of the greatest forces for progress in human history;that businesses are the engine of growth;that risk-takers and innovators should be celebrated.But I also believe that at its best, the free market has never been a license to take whatever you want, however you can get it.Alongside our entrepreneurial spirit and rugged individualism, America only prospers when we meet our obligations to one another;and to future generations.If you agree with me, let your Member of Congress know.Tell them to spend less time working to undermine rules that are there to protect the economy, and spend more time actually working to strengthen the economy.Thanks and have a great weekend.Vicky: What are you working on? Issac: If I tell you, will you promise not to laugh? Vicky: All right.What is it? Issac: It’s a love letter to Julie.Vicky: Isn’t it a little premature? You’ve only been going out for a month.Issac: Maybe, but I really want her to know how I feel.Vicky: Let me see it.“Dear Julie.I’m writing this letter to pour my heart out to you.When we met, it was love at first sight and I can’t get you out of my head.You mean everything to me.Now that we’re together, how can I ever live without you?”

Issac: So, what do you think? Vicky: I thought it would have some simple sweet nothings.I didn’t expect it to be this heavy.Issac: Do you think it needs more terms of endearment? Maybe I should have called her “my love,” “my darling,” or “sweetheart.” Tell me the truth, do you think it’s too much? I don’t want to scare her off.Vicky: Well, I know you’re head over heels in love with her, but if I were you, I’d play it by ear.Give it to her when you feel the time is right.Issac: Okay, thanks.I’ll try to play it cool, for now.《纯正英语一分钟》第194课:Multiculturalism Multiculturalism is everywhere today.As the world gets smaller, multiculturalism becomes bigger.Few of us today live in towns in which there is only one culture.Today, we live in towns where we are surrounded by many other cultures.If we live in a city, we will see people from all over the world.Of course, some cities are more multicultural than others.New York is a real melting pot.It is called the most multicultural city on Earth.A city like Tokyo isn’t so multicultural.I think multiculturalism is a great thing.It’s fantastic walking out of your door and seeing other cultures.This didn’t happen when I was young.People didn’t understand other cultures.They didn’t even want to understand.I’m glad things are changing today.打赌

Suzanna: Hey, the back of the line is over there.Ivan: I was here.I just stepped out of line for a minute to get some cash.Suzanna: Yeah, right.I don’t remember you being in line ahead of me.Ivan: Come on.Let’s do this.We’ll flip for it.If it’s heads, I win and I get to get back into line.If it’s tails, you win and I’ll go to the back of the line.Suzanna: All right.I’ll take those odds.You’re on.Ivan: Here goes…Oh, it’s heads!I win.Suzanna: I guess it’s your lucky day.Ivan: I guess so.How about going double or nothing? Suzanna: What are the stakes? Ivan: If it’s tails and you win, I go to the back of the line and I have to buy you a drink when we get inside.If It’s heads and I win, I get in back in line in front of you and you buy me a drink.Suzanna: So, no matter what happens I have to have a drink with you? Ivan: That’s the idea.What do you say?

Suzanna: Okay, you talked me into it.Let’s see if your luck will hold up.Ivan: I’ve got a good feeling it will.Muscle Where would we be without muscles? Probably a mess on the floor.Muscles are pretty interesting things.Everybody has lots of them.Some people look after them better than others.Bodybuilders want to have really big muscles.The bigger the better.They spend hours in the gym lifting weights to make their muscles as big as they can.Athletes work on the specific muscles they need for their sport.If you look at a hundred-metre runner, you’ll notice they have large shoulder and arm muscles.This is so they can power ahead when they run.An interesting thing about muscles is that it takes more face muscles to frown than it does to smile.This means smiling uses less energy, so we should do it more.

第五篇:奥巴马演讲词

奥巴马演讲词

2009年11月16日, 首次访华的美国总统奥巴马在上海科技博物馆与数百名中国学生对话

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)奥巴马总统:你们好。能够有机会在上海跟你们大家交谈,我深感荣幸。我要感谢复旦大学的杨校长,感谢他的款待和热情的欢迎。我还要感谢我们出色的大使洪博培,他代表了我们两国之间的深远联系和相互尊重。我不知道他刚才说什么,但是希望他说得不错。(笑声)

What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.我今天准备先做一个开场白,但我真正希望做的是回答问题,不但回答在座的学生提出的问题,同时也回答从网上提出的一些问题,这些问题由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提出。很抱歉,我的中文不如你们的英文,但我期待着这个和你们对话的机会。

This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.这是我首次访问中国,看到你们壮丽的国家,我感到很兴奋。在上海,我们看到了全球瞩目的发展——高耸的大厦、繁忙的街道、创业的动态。这些都是中国步入 21世纪的迹象,让我感到赞叹。同时,我也期盼看到向我们展现中国悠久历史的古迹。明天和后天我会在北京,希望有机会看到壮观的故宫和奇迹般的长城。的确,这是一个既有丰富的历史,又对未来的希望充满信心的国家。The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.我们两国的关系也是如此。毫无疑问,上海在美中关系史上是一个具有重大意义的城市。正是在这里,37年前发布的《上海公报》(Shanghai Communique)开启了我们两国政府和两国人民接触交往的新篇章。然而,美国与这个城市以及这个国家的纽带可以追溯到更久远的过去,直至美国独立初期。

In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.1784年,我们的建国之父乔治·华盛顿主持了“中国女皇号”(Empress of China)的下水仪式。这条船前往中国海岸,寻求与清朝通商。华盛顿希望看到这条悬挂美国国旗的船前往世界各地,与像中国这样的国家缔结新的纽带。这是通常的美国人的愿望——希望达到新的地平线,建立新的、互利的伙伴关系。Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.在此后的两个世纪中,历史洪流使我们两国关系向许多不同的方向发展,但即使在动荡的岁月中,两国人民也抓住机会发展了深入的、甚至极不平凡的关系。例如,美国人民永远不会忘记,二战期间,美国飞行员在中国上空被击落后,中国公民冒着失去一切的危险护理他们。参加过二战的中国老兵仍然热情欢迎故地重游的美国老兵,他们曾经在那里作战,帮助中国从占领下获得解放。A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us„The country is very similar to America, but still very different.”近40年前,简单的乒乓球比赛带来了两国关系的解冻,使我们两国建立起另一种联系。这种接触令人意外,但却恰恰促成了其成功,因为尽管我们之间存在许多分歧,但是我们共同的人性和共同的好奇心得以从中显现。正如一位美国乒乓球队员在回忆对中国的访问时所说:“那里的人民和我们一样„„这个国家和美国有许多相似之处,也有很大区别。”

Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.无须赘言,这个小小的契机带来了《上海公报》的问世,并最终促使美中两国在1979年建立正式外交关系。请看在此后的30年,我们取得了多么长足的进展。

In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.1979年,美中贸易额约为50亿美元,今天,贸易额已经超过4000亿美元。贸易在许多方面影响着两国人民的生活,美国电脑中的许多元件以及我们身穿的服装都是从中国进口的,我们向中国出口你们的工业需要的机器。这种贸易可以在太平洋两岸创造更多的就业机会,让我们的人民过上质量更高的生活。随着需求趋于平衡,繁荣的范围将进一步扩大。

In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.1979年,美中之间的政治合作主要立足于双方共同面对的竞争对手苏联。如今我们享有积极的、建设性的、全面的关系,为我们在当今时代的关键性全球问题上建立伙伴关系打开了大门,这些问题包括:经济复苏和清洁能源开发、制止核武器扩散和气候变化的影响、在亚洲及全球各地促进和平与安全。所有这些问题都是我明天与胡主席会谈的内容。

And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.1979年,我们两国人民的联系十分有限。今天,我们看到当年乒乓球队员的好奇心已经化为许多领域的纽带,中国留学生在美国的人数名列第二,而在美国学生中,学中文的人数增加了50%。我们两国有近200个友好城市,把我们的社区连接在一起。美中科学家合作进行新的研究与发现。而姚明是我们两国人民都热爱篮球的仅仅一个标志而已——令我遗憾的是,此行中我不能观看上海大鲨鱼队的比赛。

It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.我们两国之间的关系相伴着一个积极变化的时期,这不是偶然的。中国实现了亿万人民脱贫,这一成就史无前例,同时,中国在全球问题中也在发挥更大的作用。美国在促使冷战顺利结束的同时,经济也取得了增长,人民的生活水平提高。

There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.中国有句名言:“温故而知新。”当然,过去30年中我们也曾遇到挫折和挑战,我们的关系不是没有分歧和困难。但是,“我们必然是对手”的概念并非是注定不变的——回顾过去不会是这样。由于我们的合作,美中两国都更加繁荣、更加安全。我们已经看到我们本着共同的利益和相互的尊重去努力所能取得的成果。

And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.可是,这种接触的成功取决于理解,取决于继续进行开诚布公的对话,相互了解,相互学习。正如前面提到的那位美国乒乓球队员所说——作为人,我们有着许多共同之处,但是我们两国在某些方面存在着差别。

I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.我认为每个国家都必须规划自己的前进方向。中国是一个文明古国,文化深远。而美国相对而言是一个年轻的国家,它的文化由来自许多不同国家的移民以及指导我国民主制度的建国纲领所形成。这些纲领中提出了对人类事务的简单明了的瞩望,并包含了一些核心原则——不论男女人人生而平等,都享有某些基本权利;政府应当反映民意,并对人民的愿望作出回应;商贸应该是开放的,信息应该自由流通;司法保障应该来自法治而不是人治。

Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.当然,我国的历史也并非没有困难的篇章。在很多方面,在很长的时间里,我们要通过斗争去实现这些原则对全体人民的承诺,缔造一个更趋完善的联邦。我们曾打过一场很痛苦的南北战争,将我国的一部分人口从奴役下解放出来。妇女获得投票权、劳工赢得组织权、来自世界各地的移民得到完全的接纳——这些都是经过了一段时间才实现的。非洲裔美国人即使在获得自由后依然生活在被隔离和不平等的条件下,他们经过不懈努力才最终赢得全面、平等的权利。None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.所有这些都不曾轻而易举。但是,由于我们对这些核心原则的坚定信念,我们取得了进步,这些原则指引我们冲过了最黑暗的风暴。这就是为什么林肯能在南北战争中挺身而出并宣布,这是一场考验一个孕育于自由之中、“忠实于人人生而平等这一原则”的国家能否永存的斗争。这也就是为什么马丁·路德·金博士能够站立在林肯纪念堂的台阶上,要求我们的国家实践自身信仰的真正含义。这也就是为什么来自从中国到肯尼亚的各国移民能够在我国的土地上安家;为什么所有努力寻求机会的人都能获得机会;为什么像我这种在不到50年前在美国的某些地方连投票都遇到困难的人,现在能够出任这个国家的总统。

And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression_r_r_r and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.这就是为什么美国一直在全世界为这些核心原则而大声疾呼。我们不寻求把任何政治体制强加给任何别的国家,但是我们也不认为我们主张的这些原则是我们国家所独有的。表达自由和宗教信仰自由——获得信息和政治参与的自由——我们认为这些自由都是普世的权利,所有人都应当享有,包括少数民族和宗教少数派,不管是在美国、中国还是在任何其他国家。正是对普世权利的尊重指导着美国向其他国家开放,尊重各种不同的文化,致力于遵守国际法,并对未来抱有信念。

These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.这些都是你们应当了解的美国的情况。我也知道中国有很多有待我们了解的情况。环顾一下这座伟大的城市——环顾一下这个大厅——我确信我们两个国家有一个很重要的共同点,那就是我们对未来的信念。美国和中国都不想满足于已取得的成就,止步不前。虽然中国是一个古老的国家,但你们显然也对未来满怀信心、雄心和使年轻一代能比这一代人更有作为的决心。

In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.我们不但钦佩中国日益增长的经济,还赞赏你们在科学研究方面极不平凡的努力——从你们建设的基础设施到你们使用的技术,均体现出这种努力。中国现在是世界上最大的互联网使用国——这也是我们今天很高兴能把互联网作为此次活动的一部分的原因。这个国家目前拥有世界上最大的移动电话网络,它正在投资发展既能维持可持续增长,又能应对气候变化的新型能源——我期待着明天在这个至关重要的领域中深化两国的合作关系。然而,最重要的是,我在你们身上看到了中国的未来 ——年轻一代的聪明才智、献身精神和梦想将为塑造21世纪发挥巨大作用。

I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.我已说过多次,我相信我们现在的世界是紧密相连的。我们所做的工作,我们所建设的繁荣,我们所保护的环境,以及我们所寻求的安全——所有这一切都是共有的。鉴于这种相互联系,在21世纪,权力不应再成为一场零和游戏;一国的成功发展不应以他国为代价。这也就是为什么美国坚决表示我们不谋求遏制中国的崛起。恰恰相反,我们欢迎中国成为国际社会中一个强大、繁荣、成功的成员——一个从你们这样的每个中国人的权利、实力和创造力中获得力量的中国。

To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.回到前面提到的那句古语——回顾过去。我们知道,大国之间选择合作而非对抗会带来更大的惠益。这是人类不断汲取的一个教训,我们两国的关系史中也不乏其例。我深信,合作必须不止于政府间的合作。合作必须植根于我们的人民——植根于我们共同进行的研究,我们的商贸活动,我们所学到的知识,乃至我们的体育运动。这些桥梁必须由你们这样的年轻人和美国的年轻人共同构筑。

That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutelyconfident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.因此,我高兴地宣布,美国准备将在中国留学的美国学生人数大幅度增加到10万人。这种交流是对在我们两国人民之间建立联系的明确承诺,毫无疑问,你们将帮助决定21世纪的命运。我完全相信,对美·来说,再好的使者莫过于我们的年轻人。因为他们和你们一样,才华横溢,充满活力,对有待书写的历史篇章充满乐观。

So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.那么,就让这个举措成为我们稳步寻求合作的下一个步骤,这种合作有利于我们两国乃至整个世界。如果能从今天的对话中得到一点启示的话,我希望那就是致力于今后继续进行这种对话。

So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)非常感谢诸位。现在我希望回答你们大家提出的一些问题。非常感谢。(掌声。)

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