文献综述写作结构加句型(总结实用篇)

第一篇：文献综述写作结构加句型(总结实用篇)

文献综述写作结构加句型（总结实用篇）

一 文献综述特征

1.一般字数控制在4000-6000字左右，大约8-15页；

2.以评述为主，不可罗列文献；

3.基本格式通常包括题目、作者、摘要、关键词、前言、正文、结语和参考文献等几个部分；

4.中文参考15-20篇，英文参考20篇左右，文献要新，50％-80％最好为3年内的文献。

5.如果文献综述是为开题报告作准备，整篇文章建议为漏斗状结构，即“有什么研究进展，问题是什么，怎么找方向”。

二 按照文献综述的结构顺序分析常用句型题目

1.1 如果文章为结果论文

标题格式 a）Effect of（因素）on（观测项目）in（研究对象）Progress

b）（观测对象）in（研究对象）Progress

c）无固定格式

1.2 如果文章为方法论文

标题格式 d）Methods for „ Progress摘要常用句型

归纳了„研究中的关键问题

指出了„及其„研究的主要进展

讨论了„的类型、影响因素、过程机理和描述方法

在此基础上，对„规律的研究前景进行了展望关键词

略前言

4.1 内容：

问题的历史、现状和发展动态，有关概念和定义，选择这一专题的目的和动机、应用价值和实践意义。

4.2 常用句式

„是„的重要研究内容

过去研究主要集中在„

（深度上）„

（广度上）„

（有争论的问题）„

鉴于„的工作将对今后„研究意义以及„的现实应用意义

作者就„的关键问题进行了系统的分析和综述正文

5.1 综述材料来源广泛，因此段落结构格式非常重要，举例如下表；

第一句第二句第三句 第四句 第五句 第六句

主题句陈述理论1研究支持1 陈述理论2研究支持2 略

主题句研究支持1研究支持2 研究支持3略例外情况

研究意义主题句研究支持1 说明理论1略主题句

5.2 纵横结合式写法

写历史背景采用纵式写法，围绕某一专题，按时间先后顺序或专题本身发展层次，对其历史演变、目前状况、趋向预测作纵向描述；

写目前状况采用横式写法，对某一专题在国际和国内的各个方面，如各派观点、各家之言、各种方法、各自成就等加以描述和比较。通过横向对比，既可以分辨出各种观点、见解、方法、成果的优劣利弊，又可以看出国际水平、国内水平和本单位水平，从而找到了差距。

5.3 相关研究不必全部列举，每一个主题举2-5个有代表意义的研究。

5.3 常用句式

了解„的成因及其影响因素对认识„有重要的意义

„的特征可用„来描述，其中常用的有„

由于„受„等多种因素的影响，所以研究者通过„来描述各因素对„的影响

影响„的因素很多，下面就„进行论述

„不仅取决于„，而且受到„的制约

„与„有关

„是„的重要影响因素之一

„对„的影响主要表现在„

研究表明„

产生„的原因有„结语

一般为展望结构，如果是开题报告前的文献综述，需要把想做什么阐述清楚。

附：以上是我完成文献综述时查阅了丁香园的帖子和其它指导书，总结了自己的一些想法。很多东西写得太仓促，欢迎大家修改和补充。

在开始阅读之前，花点时间思考一下你期望从这篇文章或章节中得到什么。

批判性阅读的第一个关键步骤就是在阅读时牢记你的目的你是否能察觉到文献中的论点向什么方向发展？

需要思考的问题：

• 作者试图发现的是什么？

• 为什么该研究如此重要？

• 要衡量的是什么？

• 你从样本中获得了什么信息？

• 数据是如何收集的？

• 结果是什么？

• 作者做了些什么结论，他们的发现有何贡献？

• 你觉得这些发现是否成立？

• 你如何将这些发现应用到你自己的工作中？

记笔记的内容：

• 记笔记时可以将记笔记的纸张从中分为两栏。

• 在一栏中总结作者的结论和论据。

• 在另一栏中记录你对阅读内容的思考。

• 对方法论进行评价。

• 把你的项目和你阅读的文献联系起来。

• 比较和对比其他作者的观点。

• 记录你对该资料的想法。

• 甚至“论证混乱”或者“这一点我不明白”之类的评语也会有用。

关于结构的技巧

在文献综述中，经常出现的错误就是介绍一个作者的观点，然后是另外一个作者，接着又是下一个作者„„ 因此，为了避免这类问题的发生，你可以把观点相似的作者放在一起，把他们的观点串联起来。你可以使用一些连接词，比如

• 也是，• 另外，• 再者，• 同样地

当作者之间存在着不同看法时，使用以下的关联词：

• 然而

• 相反地

• 从另一方面来说，• 虽然如此

这些词实际上是告诉你的读者你对资料是做过分析的。另外，你还可以使用“明确地”，“通常地”或者“一般地”这样的字眼某一学者研究的程度，或者使用“因此”，“也就是说”，“比如说”等字眼来举例。这样就可以保证你是在对资料进行总结，而非简单地描述在你所研究的领域中已经取得的成果。

撰写文献综述时还有一个经常容易犯的错误，就是把文献综述部分写得好像是跟论文的其它部分毫无干系。文献综述部分与紧随其后的研究问题（或者假说）部分和方法论部分的关系必须非常紧密而且明确。在文献综述的结尾，需要指出已有的文献或者研究成果的缺陷在哪里，这样才能确立文献综述和你自己的研究问题（或者假说）以及方法论之间的联系。只有把文献综述与研究问题和方法论紧密联系在一起，你才能向读者说明，你的研究问题是前人所没有研究到的，是填补空白的，或者你的视点是全新的，或者你所要研究的问题将要证明前人的研究是错误的，或者你认为前人的研究支持你的某种假说，或者你将采用的研究方法是全新的、是必要得出新的结论，等等。准确地说，文献综述就是要说明以往研究的不足，以便突出你的研究的独创性和意义。

别人的文章做得不好的时候：“抽样不一致削弱了结果的有效性，同样，你应该避免使用过于个人化的评论或语言。当你论及其他作者的论点时，应该使用这样的句子，如“理查逊认为„„，”“根据张三所说„„，” 或者“作者在这里提到„„”等等。而在你进行学术性讨论时，要避免“想”或者“感觉”之类的字眼。这些字眼都是含有感情色彩，而且不准确，因为你并不知道作者的感受和所思所想。你所知道的仅仅是他们所报道的和所说的

第二篇：英语四级作文写作模版加句型结构

万能开头公式：

1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言

有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！

原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型：

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）

It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：

As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：

A recent statistics shows that … 写作绝招

结尾万能公式：

1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.写作绝招

写作的“七项基本原则”：

一、长 短 句原则

工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：

As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！

强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、主 题 句原则

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！

特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一 二 三原则

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）

2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）

3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）

4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）

7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！

四、短语优先原则

写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其

一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其

二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。

五、多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！

六、多变句式原则 1）加法（串联）

都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：

I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用：

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）转折（拐弯抹角）

批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短语：

despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3）因果（so, so, so）

昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短语：

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）

有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：

When to go, Why he goes away… 5）附加（多此一举）

如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。

6）排比（排山倒海句）

文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（气势恢宏）要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

七、挑战极限原则

既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！

原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！写作绝招

文章主体段落三大杀手锏：

一、举实例

思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance.For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：

To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

二、做比较

方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；

世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语： 相似的比较：

in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较：

on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

三、换言之

没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。

实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you.In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我们举过的例子：

I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it.That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短语：

in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

四级写作常用经典句型

1）主语从句

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.2）宾（表）语从句

The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.3）定语从句（限定性和非限定性）

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.4）状语从句（时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等）

Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.5）分词短语做定语或状语

Prof.Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.6）倒装句

Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.7）被动句

Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.Many people believe that...（It is believed that...）8）设问句

Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him? 常用句型：

1． 表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this.2）The reasons for this are as follows.3）The reason for this is obvious.4）The reason for this is not far to seek.5）The reason for this is that．．． 6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

例：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life.There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2．表示好处

1）It has the following advantages.2）It does us a lot of good.3）It benefits us quite a lot.4）It is beneficial to us.5）It is of great benefit to us.例：Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.3．表示坏处

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.2）It does us much harm.3）It is harmful to us.例：However, everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.综合运用篇

Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。

As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。（Hold different attitudes 持不同的看；Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法）

As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....随着社会的发展，人们开始关注............As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得___________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。

Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。

The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。

Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges, 现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。展现问题篇

问题的常用词：question, problem, issue

Recently, the issue of......has been brought into public focus.近来，_______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。

Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people's attitude towards some traditional practice.现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。

Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近来，是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。

The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。

At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人认为_______而另一些人则认为_______。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。

According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer...rather than...根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_______而不会选择__________。

Personally, I side with the latter(former)opinion...就我个人而言，我支持后者（前者）___________。/Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。

From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...通过以上的讨论，我们可以得出如下结论，___________。

So, as I see it..因此，我个人认为，_________。

第三篇：初中句型结构总结

初中句型结构总结 see、hea、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官动词)+ do eg: I like watching monkeys jump.2（比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越…… 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）a place of interest 名胜 4 agree with sb.赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一种/样 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with 同……一道，伴随…… e.g.: I will go along with you 我将和你一起去

The students planted trees along with their teachers.学生同老师们一起种树。As soon as 一……就…… 9 as you can see 你是知道的 ask for ……求助 向……要……(直接想要的东西)eg: ask you for my book11 ask sb.for sth.向某人什么 12 ask sb.to do sth.询问某人某事 ask sb.not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时

egI am sixteen.I am at the age of sixteen.14 at the beginning of … ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 at least 至少 be /feel confident of sth./that clause + 从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信

eg: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to(+ v.原)= can(+ v.原）能够…… e.g.: She is able to sing.She can sing.base on 以……(为)根据 20 be able to do sth.能够干什么 eg: She is able to sing.21 be afraid to do(of sth.恐惧，害怕…… e.g.: I'm afraid to go out at night.I'm afraid of dog.22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么

e.g.: I'm allowed to watch TV.我被允许看电视。

I should be allowed to watch TV.我应该被允许看电视。23 be angry with sb.生某人的气 e.g.: Don't be angry with me.24 be angry with(at)sb.for doing sth.为什么而生某人的气25 be as … 原级 … as 和什么一样 e.g.: She is as tall as me.她和我一样高。26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害

e.g.: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes.在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好。30 be born 出生于

be busy doing sth.忙于做什么事 be busy with sth.忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 be close to … 离……很近

be different from … 和……不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 e.g.He is from Beijing.He comes from Beijing.Is he from Beijing? Does he come from Beijing? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满

e.g.: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad + to do/从句 做某事很高兴

be going to + v.(原）打算，计划，准备……40 be good at(+ doing)= do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……41 be good for 对什么有好处

e.g.: Reading aloud is good for your English.42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb.对某人有好处

eg: Reading aloud is helpful to you.大声朗读对你有好处。Exercising is helpful to your body.锻炼对你的身体有好处。44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像…… eg: I'm like my mother.49 be mad at 生某人的气

be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)be made in 在……生产或制造

be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观

be popular with sb.受某人欢迎 be pleased with 对…感到满意 55 be quiet 安静

be short for 表……的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

be sick in bed 生病在床58 be sorry to do sth.be sorry for sb.eg: I am sorry for you.59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb.eg: I am sorry to trouble you.61 be strict in doing sth.严于做某事 eg: He's strict in obeying roles 62 be strict with sb.对某人要求严格

eg: Some students are not strict with them selves.这些学生对自己不严格。

be strict with sb in sth.某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定

be sure of doing sth.对做某事有信心

eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth.对做某事有信心

eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher).我相信我的大脑（老师）。68 be sure that sth.对做某事有信心

eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test.我相信他能通过考试。69 be sure to do sth.一定会做某事

eg: We are sure to pass the test.我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well.我们一定能学好英语。70 be terrified of + 名/动 doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth.害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth.习惯做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early.我爸爸习惯早起。He is used to sleeping in class.他习惯上课睡觉.He is used to working hard.He is used to hard work.他习惯努力工作 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel)afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 be afraid of sth.害怕某物 be afraid that 从句 76 because + 句子 because of + 短语

eg: He was late because he had a headache.He was late because of his headache.77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事

start … with … = begin … with … 以……开始…… eg: Let's begin the game with the song.I begin to go home.78 between … and … 两者之间 79 borrow sth.from sb.向……借……

lend sth.to sb.lend sb.sth.借给……什么东西 eg: I borrowed a pen from him.He lent a pen to me(he lent me a pen).80 both = the same(as)= not different(from)表相同 81 bother 打扰 bother sb.to do sth.both … and … ……和……都

eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

The problem has been bothering me for weeks.这个问题困扰了我几个周了。

He's bothering me to lend him money.82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb.sth.eg: We call him old Wang.84 care 关心

eg: Don't you care about this country's future? 你为什么不关心国家的未来。

catch up with sb.赶上某人 86 chat with sb.和某人闲谈 take sb.to + 地点 带某人去某地 87 come in 进来 88 come over to 过来 89 come up with 提出

eg: Can you come up with a good idea? 你能想出一个好办法吗？ 90 communicate with sb.和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考虑做……

eg: Why not consider going to lu zhou? 为什么不考虑去泸州？ 92 dance to 随着……跳舞

eg: She likes dancing to the music.她喜欢随着音乐跳舞。93 decide to do sth.决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好

do well in 在……方面干的好96 do wrong 做错 补：drop off 放下（某物）

Don't forget to do sth.不要忘了做某事。98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词.不要介意……。99 each + 名(单)每一个……

eg: Each student has many books.每一个学生都有一些书。100 end up + doing 101 enjoy + doing 喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑

eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison.犯人从监狱里逃跑出来。

Some gas is escaping from the pipe.有一些气体从管子里冒出。103 expect to do sth.期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从……摔下来

fall in love with sb./sth.爱上…… 106 far from 离某地远

eg: The school is far from my home 107 find + it + adj.+ to do 发现做某事…… 108 find sb./sth.+adj.发现什么…… eg: I find the book interesting.109 finish + doing（名词）完成做…… 110 fit to sb.= be fit for sb.适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home.I forget closing door.112 from … to … 从某某到某某 eg: from me for he 113 get /have sth.down 做完，被（别人）做…… eg: I have my hair cut.我理了发(头发被剪了）。

Tom got his bad tooth pulled out.汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）。114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb.= get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 116 get along with sb.= get on with sb.与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备 eg: I get ready for math.I am ready for math.补：get … bake 退还…… 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦 119 get sb.to do sth.get out of 从……取出

get … from … 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall.122 give sth to sb.give sb sth.给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳 补：go over 过一遍；仔细检查 124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学）127 good way to 好方法

hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事 129 have a party for sb.举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈 131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg: You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …(地方）……去过某过地方

have gone to …（地方）去了某地还没回来

had better(not)do sth.最好(不要）做某事 133 have fun + doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多家庭作业要做。

I have nothing to do.我没什么事情做。135 have to do sth.必须做某事

have sth.done

请

某

人

做

某

事136 have trouble(problem)(in)doing sth.做什么事情有麻烦 137 have … time + doing have no time to do sth.没有时间做某事 138 have …(时间)… off 放……假 eg: I have month off.我请一个月得假。

hear sb.+do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用处

help sb.with sth one's sth.帮助某人某事（某方面）

help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth.希望做某事

How about(+ doing)? = What about(+ doing)?（做）……怎么样？144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 145 if: 是否 ＝ whether eg: I don't know if(whether)I should go to the party.我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会。

He don't know if(whether)we will arrive on time tomorrow morning.他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达。

if: 如果，假如(全部接一般时态)＋条件语态从句

eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it doesn’t rain.假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州。If they change the plan they will let me know.假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的。

I'll go to England, if I have enough money next year.如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国。

in one's opinion = sb.think 某人认为 148 in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv)最后 150 in the north of

…

什

么

在什

么的北方（north 北 south 南 west 西 east 东）151 in the sun 在阳光下 152 increase 增加

eg: They've increased the price of petrol by 3%.他们把石油价增加了3%。

The population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now.153 instead of +（名）代替

eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear.我想要苹果，而不要梨子。I like English instead of math.我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学。154 introduce sb.to sb.介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍155 invite sb to do sth.邀请某人做某事

156 It takes sb sometime to do sth.做某人花掉某人多少时间。eg: It took me 5 minutes to do my homework.It takes me half an hour to cook.157 It's + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事怎么样。158 It's + adj.+ to do 做某事怎么样。

159 It's + adj.for sb.对于某人来说怎么样。

It's + adj.of sb.对某人来说太怎么样。

160 It's + adj.(for sb.)to do sth.（对某人来说）做某事怎么样。

It's + adj.of sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事太怎么样。eg: It's nice of you to help me with my English.161 It's a good idea for sb.to do sth.对……来说是个好主意。162 It's important to sb.对某人来说很重要。eg: It's important to me.163 It's time to do sth.It's time for sth.到了该去做某事的时间。eg: It's time to have class.It's time for class.该去上课了。164 join = take part in 参加 165 just now 刚才

166 keep +sb./sth.+ adj./介词短语 让什么保持…… 167 keep out 不让……进入 168 keep sb adj.让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy.keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案 170 key to … answer to …

key 可以是答题或钥匙 171 laugh at … 取笑…… eg: Don't laugh at others.We laughed at the joke.172 learn by oneself 自学

learn from 向……学习173 learn from sb.向某人学习eg: We should learn from Lei Feng.174 learn to do sth.学做某事

learn something by heart 背诵记熟 175 let sb.do sth.让某人做某事

lend something to somebody 把某物借给某人 176 let sb.down 让某人失望

eg：We shouldn't let our farents down.我们不应该让我们的父母失望。177 live from :离某地远

178 live in + 大地方 /at + 小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou.She lives at XuanTan.179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看 180 lose one's way 谁迷路 eg: Lose your way 你迷路

181 make a decision to do sth.决定做某事

make a contribution to doing 贡献给 182 make friends with sb.和谁成为朋友 eg: I want to make friends with you.183 make it early 把时间定的早一点

184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相 185 make sb./n.+ n.使……成为…… eg: I made her my step mother.I made you my wife.186 make sb./sth.+adj.使某人（某物）怎么样 eg: You must made your bed clean.187 make sb./sth.adj.使某人/某物怎么样 188 make sb.do sth.让某人做某事 eg: I made him write.我以前让他写。189 make up one's mind 190 make … difference to … 191 mind sb.to do

mind one's doing 介意……做什么 192 most + 名

most of + 代 193 much too + 形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词

196 need sb.do sth.需要某人做某事 197 need to do(实义动词）

need do(情态动词）198 no /neither of hate to do

no /neither of hate doing 199 no + 名词

200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more.He cried no more.他再也不哭。201 not …(形、副）at all eg: He's not tall at all.she doesn't jump far at all.202 not …at all 一点都不

not only … but also … 不但……而且…… 203 not … either 表否定，也不 eg: I don't speak Japanese, either.I don't have sister, either.我也没有姐姐 204 not … until 直到……才……

eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back.The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb.with sth.给某人提供 206 offer sb.sth.(offer sth to sb.提供什么东西给某人

eg: I offer you water(I offer water to you).我给你提供水。207 on one's way to … 在谁去那的路上 208 on the one hand 一方面

on the other hand 另一方面

209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈 210 on time 准时

in time 及时

211 one day ＝ some day ＝ someday 一天，有一天 212 one of + 可数名词的复数形式 213 one to another 一个到另一个 214 over and over again 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over again.215 part-time job 兼职工作

fall-time job 全职工作 216 pay for … 付……钱

pay the bill 给钱，付钱 217 please + do pull … up from … 把……从……拉上来 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb.220 pool into = pore into 221 practice + doing 练习做某事

222 prefer sth.to sth.相对……更喜欢……

eg: I prefer physics to chemistry.在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理。

prefer doing to sth.更喜欢去做……不愿意去做……

eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving.他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车。

prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做…也不愿 eg: My uncle prefers to buy a ne w car rather than repair the used one.我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车。

prefer sb.not to do sth.更愿意……

eg: I prefer her not to come.我不喜欢她不来。223 pretend to do sth.装着去做什么

pretend that 从句

eg: The two cheats pretended to be working very hard.这两个骗子装着努力工作。

He pretended that he did not know the answer.他装着不知道答案。224 rather … than 宁可……也不……

eg: I would rather be a doctor than a teacher.我愿肯当医生，也不当老师。

He likes dogs rather than cats.他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫。225 regard … as 把……当作……

eg: Please give my best regards to your family.请带我向你的家人我最好的问候。

I regard you as my friend.我把你当作我的朋友。

He shows little regard for others.他不爱关心别人。226 remind sb.about sth.提醒某人什么事

remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事

eg: He reminds me about cooking(he reminds me to cook).他提醒我做饭。

227 remind sb.of sth.使某人想起什么

eg: The pictures remind me of my school days.这照片使我想起了我的学校。

The words that(which)the teacher talked to remind me of my mother.228 return sth.to sb.还什么东西给某人 229 say to oneself 对自己说 230 say to sb.对某人说

231 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少钱在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁 233 sb spend sometime(in)doing sth 花了多少时间做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事

236 seem to do显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy it seem that 237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物 238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？ 239 shock 使……震惊

eg : Oh , It's only you!You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳 240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen

Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.243 some…others… 一些……另一些…… 244 start…with… 从……开始

begin…with… 从……开始 245 stay away from 远离……

start doing sth/start to do sth 开始做某事

eg : We're told to stay away from the animals when visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物

If you want to lose weight you'd better stay away from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事 247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from)doing 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 250 such +名 这样，这种 251 suit sb 适合某人

252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇

to one's surprise 令某人惊奇 253 take classes 上课

take one's temperature 给某人量体温 254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步 256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于…… 257 talk with sb 和某人说话 258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事 260 tell sb sth

tell sb that 丛句

tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事

262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么

tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么 263 tell…from…

thank to幸亏，由于 264 thank you for +doing thank sb for sth 因某事而感谢某人 265 the same +名词(doing)+as……

the more… the more…越…就越… 266 the same…(名)…as

as…(adj adv)…as 相同

267 the way to do sth＝the way of doing sth 做某方面的方法

the day before yesterday 前天

the way to +地方 去哪的路

e g : Do you know the way to learn English

Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to…（地点）到哪的路 269 too…to… 太怎样而不能……

adj +enough to 足够…能…

so…that +丛句 太… 所以…（such+名词…that+从句）eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school 270 translate ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Translate English into Chinese 271 travel with sb 和某人去旅游

272 try one's best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功

try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了 eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功

He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了 274 try…试衣服

have a try 试一下

275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大

276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开 277 upside down 倒着 unless=if not 278 visit to… 参观某个地方 279 wait for sb 等某人

280 wait for sb to do sth 等某人做什么

wait for sb 等某人

wait for sometime 等多少间

eg : Would you please wait for me to get ready 等我准备好，好吗？

Let's wait for the rain to stop 让我们等雨停吧 281 wake sb up 把某人叫醒 282 want to do sth 想做某事

283 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事

wear out把…穿坏

284 welcome to +…（地方）欢迎到…… 285 what about +n /doing eg : what about an apple 286 what if 如果……怎么办 What if +句子

eg : What if it is true ? 如果是真的怎么办？

What if aliens should come to the earth 假如外星人来到地球怎么办？ 287 what they will do = what to do 288 What's the matter ? = What's the trouble ? = What's wrong ? 有什么困难？

289 while +延续性动词

290 why don't you do = why not do 291 will you please do

will you please not do 292 with one's best = with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下 293 with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下 with one's help 294 work at…在某处工作 295 work with sb 和某人一起工作 296 would like sth /to do sth eg : I would like to go to LuZhou 297 would you please +do 298 yet :至今，用在否定句中

299 you'd better do 最好做某事 = you'd better not do 最好不要做某事 300 不定式 +v(原）

301 联系动词（taste吃起来/sound听起来/look看起来/smell闻起来）+adj 302 名词、副词、形容词修饰 enough 时, 形容词放在之前，名词 副词放在之后

303 太多 too much +不可数

too many +可数

much too 相当于 very，修饰形容词 304 向宾语提问：Whom 305 向地点提问：Where 306 向方式提问：How 307 向价格和不可数名词提问：How much 308 向可数名词提问：How many 309 向频率提问： How often 310 向时间段提问：How long 311 向时间提问：what time/when 312 向物主代词提问：Whose 313 向职业提问：what do/does……do 314 向主语提问

第四篇：There be句型结构

There be句型结构、用法详解、练习题。

1.there be结构的主谓一致

在英语里表示什么地方或时间存在什么事情就用此结构，句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动 词，be后面的名词是主语。be的数与后面的名词一致，若be后是两个或多个并列的名词，be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。如：

There was a meeting yesterday.昨天有个会议。

There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和好些铅笔。

比较：There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.2.there be与have的比较

(1)用法不同：there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。

(2)结构不同：there be + sb./sth.+时间/地点(副词或介词短语)；sb./sth.+ have +sb./sth.else

There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。

She has three cars.她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的)

注：若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：

A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。

3.there be的否定和疑问

(1)否定式：be后面加not(any)或no。如：

There are not any boats on the river.河上没有船。

(2)疑问句：是把be移到there的前面来。如：

Are there any boat on the river? 河上有船吗？

Yes, there are..(No, there are not.)有。（没有。）

注：若有别的助动词时就不一样了，请看：

There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there? 明天没有足球赛，对吗？

There usedn’t to be a tall tree here, used/didn’t ther? 以前这里有棵高树，是不是？

There seems to be something wrong with you, doesn’t there? 你好像有些不舒服，对吗？

There happened to be a well there, didn’t there? 那里碰巧有口井，是不是？ 4.there be结构的时态

there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：

There was a sport meeting in the playground yesterday.昨天运动场举行了一场运动会。

There will be(=There is going to be)a new film show on Monday.星期一将有一场新电影放。

There is to be a concert at the school hall.学校礼堂有场音乐会。

There have been a lot of accidents round here.这里已经发生多起事故了。

He told me that there had been an argument between them.他告诉我们之间发生了一场争论。

There will have been a definite result by Friday.到星期五前就已经有明确的结果了。

There must be a mistake somewhere.一定在什么地方有错误。

There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下了雨，因为地是湿的。

5.there be结构的变体

该结构中，有时be还可以被live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等动词代替。如：

Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。

There remained just twenty-eight pounds.只剩二十八英镑了。

There seems little doubt that he is insane.似乎没有多少疑问他的神经不正常。

6.there be的非限定形式

there be的非限定形式是there to be和there being，主要用来做介词或动词的宾语、主语或状语。如：

Have you ever thought of there being so many interesting films for you to choose from?没想到过有这么多有趣的电影供你选择吧？

John was relying on there being another opportunity.约翰相信另有机会。

There being a bus stop so near my house is a great advantage.有公交车停在离我房子这么近的地方是很大的优势。

There having been no rain, the ground was dry.由于没有下雨，地上很干燥。

It’s unusual for there to be so few people in the street.(=It’s unusual that there are so few people in the street)这条街上这么少的人是不寻常的。

It was too late for there to be any subways.太晚了，不会有地铁了。

Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem? 你们要开个会讨论一下这个问题吗?

I don’t want there to be a simple mistake in the article that I have written.我不想我写的这篇文章中有错误。

I except there to be no argument about this.我期限望对此事没有争论的。

注：there to be常做like, expect, mean, want, intend, prefer, hate等的复合宾语。

7.there be的固定句型

There be +名词或代词+to do(+介词)有某事要做

There be + some/no+ trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth/with sth.做某事(没)有困难

There be + some/no + doubt about/as to sth / that… 对某事(没)有疑问

There is no sense/use/good/point(in)doing sth 做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义

There is no need(for sb.)to do sth/that…(某人)做某事没有必要

There is no chance/possibility to do sth/of doing sth./that… 没有做某事的机会/可能性

There was no arguing with her.没法和她争辩。

There is a time when...有做某事的一段时间

练习： ______ a reading lamp on the table.A There is B There has C It is D It has 2 What a rainy summer we’ve had!

Yes, there______ only 3 sunny weekends the whole summer.A have been B are C had been D has been 3 I didn't want _____ to be a war between these two countries.A it B them C there D their 6 There is a little hope of ______ a settlement of the argument.A to be B there to be C there being D being 7 I don't expect there ______ any misunderstanding.A is B to be C being D will be 8 There are five pairs______ , but I’m at a loss which to buy.A to choose B to choose from C to be chosen D for my choosing 9 There is no use______ a lot without ______ anything.A to talk, do B talked, doing C talking, being done D talking, doing 10 If the storm had happened in the day-time, there ______ many more deaths.A were B would have been C had been D would be 11 Look!______.A There comes the bus B There the bus comes C The bus comes here D There does the bus come 12 ______ Mary with a baby in here arms just when I was about to leave.A There enter B There entered C Entered there D There entered into 13 There are a lot of people ______ for the bus to come.A waiting B to wait C waited D is waiting 14 The little girl is afraid to enter the house, because ______ a big dog at the gate.A lies there B lays there C there lies D there lays 15 About twenty-three centuries ago, ______.A there lived in Greece a great thinker who called Aristotle B a great thinker lived in Greece calling Aristotle C lived there in Greece a great thinker called Aristotle D there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle 16 ______ plenty of water in this river.A There used to being B There used to be C There is used to being D There was used to be 17 What a pity, my new computer doesn't work.______ must be something wrong with it.A It B There C This D That 18______ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.A It has B There has C It is D There is 19 Let’s get through the work quickly.______ seems to be little time left now.A It B That C There D we 20 ______appeared to be a war between his heart and his mind.A There B It C Where D What 答案： 1A 2A 3C 6C 7B 8B 9D 10B 11A 12B 13A 14C 15D 16B 17B 18D 19C 20A

第五篇：There be句型结构

There be句型的用法

一、构成：There be...句型表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be(is，are，was, were)+名词+地点状语。例如：

There are fifty-two students in our class.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.There was an old house by the river five years ago.二、各种句式：

否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。例如：

There is an orange in her bag.→There isn’t an orange in her bag.There are some oranges in her bag.→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.There is some juice in the bottle.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle..一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：

There is some money in her handbag.→ Is there any money in her handbag?(疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为anything.)There is something new in today’s newspaper.→There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 特殊疑问句：

There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：

① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Who’s + 介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用 “What’s + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：

There is a bird in the tree.→What’s in the tree?

There are some bikes over there.→What’s over there?

There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

② 对地点状语提问：用 “Where is are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如：

There is a computer in my office.→ Where is the computer?----It’s in my office.There are four children in the classroom.→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom.③ 对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式：

如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示：

There are twelve months in a year.→How many months are there in a year? There is only one book in my bag.→ How many books are there in your bag? There is a cat in the box.→ How many cats are there in the box? 如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”表示：

There is some money in my purse.How much money is there in

your purse?