财税英语专业词汇

第一篇：财税英语专业词汇

税务机关：

国税局：State Administration of Taxation地税局：bureau of local taxation地方税务局：Local Taxation bureau

外汇管理局：Foreign Exchange Control Board财政部：The Ministry of Finance财政局：finance bureau

海关：the customs统计局： Statistics Bureau工商行政管理局： Administration of Industry and Commerce

出入境检验检疫局：Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine中国证监会：China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRS)劳动和社会保障部：Ministry of Labour and Social Security

税种：

营业税：Business tax增值税：VAT(value added tax)消费税：Excise印花税：Stamp tax/duty

个人所得税：Personal（Individual）income tax城市维护建设税：City maintenance construction tax

企业所得税：Corporate/enterprise/business income tax资源税：Resource tax土地增值税：Increment tax on land value 房产税：House property tax土地使用税：Land use tax车船使用税：Operation tax of vehicle and ship

耕地占用税：Farmland use tax教育费附加：Extra charges of education funds税收的本质特征: the “three features” oftaxation 税收类型：

课征目的：一般税（普通税）General Tax；特别税（目的税，特定目的税）Specific Tax

计税依据：从价税 Ad valorem Tax；从量税Unit tax征收实体：实物税In Kind Tax；货币税Monetized Tax；劳役税 labor Tax 税收和价格关系：价内税 Tax With the Price；价外税Off-price Tax税负转嫁：直接税Direct Tax；间接税Indirect Tax 税收管理权限：中央税Central Tax；地方税Local Tax；中央地方共享税Shared Tax）

课税对象：商品劳务税（销售税）Goods and Services Tax；所得税Income Tax；财产税Property Tax；资源税resource tax 税收要素：

1、纳税人：纳税人（纳税义务人）Tax Payer；负税人Tax Bearer；扣缴义务人Withholding Agent2、课税对象Object of Taxation3、税基Tax Base4、税目Item of Tax

5、税率：税率结构:Tax rate structure 税率等级：Tax bracket

定额税率固定税率，Fixed Tax Rate；比例税率Proportional Tax Rate；

累进税率Progressive Tax Rate全额累进税率（Progressive tax rate in excess of total amount）

超额累进税率（Progressive tax rate in excess of specific amount）

名义税率（表列税率）Nominal Tax Rate；实际税率（有效税率）、实际负担率,Effective Tax Rate

累退税率Regressive tax rate边际税率marginal tax rate；平均税率average tax rate6、纳税环节impact point of taxation7、纳税期限tax day；the assessable period for tax payment、纳税地点tax payment place9、减免税（税收优惠）,tax preference起征点tax threshold

免征额（费用扣除）tax deduction税收中性tax neutrality预算约束线budget constraint

无差异曲线indifference curve收入效应income effect替代效应substitution effect

税收超额负担deadweight lose;Excess Burden：消费者剩余consumer surplus 生产者剩余producer surplus

需求价格弹性price elasticity of demand供给价格弹性price elasticity of supply

洛伦茨曲线lorenz curve基尼系数gini coefficient税收乘数Multiplier theory

税收自动稳定机制automatic stabilizers——内在稳定器built-in stabilizers

稳健的财政政策：Prudent fiscal policy积极的财政政策：Pro-active fiscal policy

扩张性财政政策：Loose or expansionary policy紧缩性财政政策：Tight or contractionary policy

税负转嫁和归宿：

税收负担Tax Burden税负转嫁Tax Shifting税收归宿Tax Incidence：法定归宿Legal Incidence；经济归宿Economic Incidence 逃漏税Tax Evasion 偷税：tax dodging最优税收optimal taxation

前转Forward Shifting；后转Backward Shifting；混转Diffused Shifting；税收资本化Capitalization of Taxation

税制结构structure of tax system：主体税种main tax；辅助税种subsidiary tax

税式支出：

税式支出 Tax Expenditure system :税收减免tax abatement and tax exemption税收抵免tax credit税前扣除pre-tax deduction优惠退税preferential tax refund（reinforcement）加速折旧accelerated depreciation

盈亏互抵loss carry-forward and carry-backward延期纳税tax deferral税收豁免tax exemption税收饶让tax sparing

优惠税率preferential tax rate

There is an old saying, “Nothing in life is certain except death and taxes.” The first part is true for everyone and the second certainly true for anyone in china who is of legal age, has a job, or ever buys anything.Income tax, business tax, and resource tax are just a few of the fees that government impose on its citizens.Tax is very important to our country, which can be used in the public services, such as education, road construction, public health and so on.As we all know, tax makes up a great part of our country's revenue, and the development of our country depends on it.From what has been discussed above, we can see that it is everyone's legal duty to pay tax, because it means making contributions to the country and everyone can benefit from it.Those who try to dodge and evade taxation are sure to be punished, In a word, paying tax is our responsibility for society.I would be swollen with pride if I become a really tax payer..

第二篇：英语专业词汇

5月20日

silicon 硅 silicon material硅料 silicon ingot硅锭 silicon block 硅块 wafer硅片cell电池module组件 lay up敷设 solder焊接 soldering machine 焊接机lamination层压 laminator层压机 delamination脱层 framing 装框cleaning 擦拭 test测试

5月21日

frame 边框 backsheet 背板 tape 胶带 silicone硅胶encapsulation 封装 string电池串 ribbon 焊带tabbing ribbon汇流带finger 细栅busbar主栅线 flux 助焊剂residue 残渣junction-box 接线盒 cable线缆 connector接插头 mono 单晶poly多晶5月22日

temperature温度humidity湿度record记录power 功率voltage电压 current电流

rated power 额定功率 rated voltage额定电压

rated current 额定电流 open circuit voltage 开路电压 short circuit current短路电流AM 大气质量 irradiance 辐照度

5月23日

electrical performance 电性能 insulation 绝缘 resistance电阻serial number序列号 tolerance公差 specification规格type型号workshop车间warehouse库房 inspection检验 inspector检验员opening meeting首次会议 closing meeting末次会议

repair返修 rework返工 audit审核 internal audit内审external audit外审

第三篇：财税常用专业词汇

会计中的常用词汇.........................1

机构名称...........................3

税种名称（我国的29种）.........................4

通用术语...........................5

会计中的常用词汇

企业会计准则Accounting Standards for Enterprises

权责发生制（应收应付制）accrual basis accounting system

收付实现制cash basis accounting system

账面价值book value

公允价值fair value

清算价值liquidation value

置存价值carryingvalue

残值scrape/salvage value

历史成本historical cost

重置成本replacement cost

面值face value或par value

资产负债表balance sheet

利润表profit statement

现金流量表 cash flow statement

所有者权益变动表statement of changes in equity

利润分配表statement of allocation of net income

财务状况变动表statement ofchanges in financial position资金来源和运用表 statement of sources and uses of funds

折旧depreciation

直线法straight-line method（SL）

年数总和法sum-of-the-year's－digits method（SYD）双倍余额递减法double－declining－balance method（DDB）

加速折旧法 accelerated depreciation method

四大假设four accounting assumptions： 会计主体accounting entity 持续经营going concern 货币计量measuring unit 会计分期accounting period

可合理确定(95%～100%)reasonablecertain很可能（50％～95%）probable有可能（5％～50%）possible极小可能（0～5%）remote

研发费 R&D cost研究阶段research stage 开发阶段develop stage 资本化 capitalization 费用化 expensing

成本的资本化与费用化有何不同？

What is the difference between capitalizing and expensing a cost?

交易性金融资产trading financial asset 持有至到期投资held-to-maturity investment 可供出售金额资产 salable financial asset 投资性房地产 investment real estate

无形资产 intangible assets商标权 trademarks专利权 patents特许权 franchise著作权 copyright

计算机软件 computer software商誉 goodwill

开办费 organization costs机构名称

全国人民代表大会the national people’s congress（NPC）常务委员会the standing committee

全国人大常务委员会 the standing committee of the national people’s congress

国务院the state council 财政部 the ministry of finance

国家税务总局State Administration for Taxation地方税务局Local Taxation bureau

当地主管税务机关the local competent tax authority税务局The Revenue Office

工商行政管理 administrative agency for industry and commerceAdministration for industry and commerce（AIC）中外合资企业Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures 中外合作企业Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures 外商投资企业 foreign investment 外国企业 foreign enterprise

外资企业 foreign-capital enterprises 出口型企业export-oriented enterprise

先进技术企业technologically advanced enterprise普通合伙企业general partnership(GP)有限合伙企业limited partnership(LP)

有限责任合伙limited liability partnership(LLP)企业经济特区Special Economic Zone

沿海经济开发地区 in coastal economic open zones 边远不发达地区 remote underdeveloped areas

税种名称（我国的29种）value added tax business tax consumption tax enterprise income tax； Income Tax for Enterprises customs tax

individual income tax resource tax

urban and township land use tax

city maintenance and construction tax farmland occupation tax land appreciation tax stamp tax

vehicle acquisition taxdeed tax fuel tax

security transaction tax social security taxhouse property tax slaughter tax urban real estate tax inheritance tax banquet tax

vehicle and vessel usage tax

vehicle and vessel license plate tax vessel tonnage tax agriculture tax animal husbandry tax

income tax on foreign enterprises and enterprises with foreign investment；增值税 营业税 消费税 企业所得税 关税 个人所得税 资源税

城镇土地使用税

城市维护扩建税 耕地占用税 土地增值税 印花税 车辆购置税 契税 燃油税 证券交易税 社会保障税 房产税 屠宰税 城市房地产税 遗产税 筵席税 车船使用税 车船使用牌照税 船舶吨税 农业税 牧业税

外商投资及外国企业所得税

Income Tax for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises fixed assets investment orientationregulation tax

固定资产投资方向调节税

The tax collection and administrative law税收征管法

The detailed rules for the implementation of sh ……的实施细则通用术语

tax returns filing 纳税申报 taxes payable 应交税金

the assessable period for tax payment 纳税期限 the timing of tax liability arising 纳税义务发生时间 consolidate reporting 合并申报

the outbound business activity 外出经营活动 Tax Inspection Report 纳税检查报告 Tax Inspection Report 纳税检查报告 tax avoidance 逃税 tax evasion 避税 tax base 税基

refund after collection 先征后退 withhold and remit tax 代扣代缴 collect and remit tax 代收代缴 flat rate 比例税率

withholding income tax 预提税 withholding at source 源泉扣缴 State Treasury 国库 tax preference 税收优惠

the first profit-making year 第一个获利

refund of the income tax paid on the reinvested amount 再投资退税 the tax school大学里的税务学院 The Tax Institute一般作为机构的税务学院

the national tax institute国家税务干部学院 nominal tax rate名义税率effective tax rate实际税率

第四篇：机务英语专业词汇

机务工作英语

轮档挡好--Chocks in 地面电源设备接好--Ground power connected 收到--Roger

现在关闭发动机--Shutting down engines 准备牵引--Ready for pushback

所有舱门已关好--All doors checked closed 松刹车--Brakes off

松刹车--Release parking brakes 刹车已松--Brakes off

刹车已松--parking brake Released 刹车--Brakes on

刹车--Set parking brake 刹车刹好--Brakes on

刹车刹好--Parking brake set 可以牵引--Clear for pushback 牵引完成--Pushback complete

23号跑道起飞--Runway(or face)two three 05号跑道起飞--Runway(or face)zero five 准备启动1（或2）号发动机--Start number one(or two)

可以启动1（或2）号发动机--Clear number one(or two)

已经供气（如需气源车）--Pressure on 启动结束--Start complete

断开地面设备--Disconnect ground equipment

插销移开--Ping Removed 稍等--Standby

稍等启动--Standby for start

稍等推出--Standby for pushback

在左（或右）方打手势--Hand signal on the left(or right)

aircraft crew, air crew 机组, 机务人员 pilot 驾驶员, 机长

co-pilot, second pilot 副驾驶员 navigator 领航员

steward/stjued/ 男服务员 stewardess, hostess 空中小姐 radio operator 报务员 Airliner 班机

Mono-plane 单翼飞机

glider 滑翔机

trainer aircraft 教练机 passenger plane 客机

propeller-driven aircraft 螺旋桨飞机 jet(aircraft)喷气飞机 amphibian 水陆两用飞机

seaplane, hydroplane 水上飞机 turbofan jet 涡轮风扇飞机 turboprop 涡轮螺旋桨飞机 turbojet 涡轮喷射飞机 transport plane 运输机 helicopter 直升机 supersonic 超音速 hypersonic 高超音速 transonic 跨音速 subsonic 亚音速 Airbus 空中客车 Boeing 波音 Concord 协和 Ilyusin 依柳辛

McDonald-Douglas 麦道

Trident 三叉戟 Tupolev 图波列夫 hatch 舱口

aeroengine, air engine 航空发动机 navigation light 航行灯 fuselage, body 机身 nose 机头 wing 机翼 aileron 副翼 wing flap 襟翼 tail plane 水平尾翼 starboard wing 右翼 port wing 左翼

pilot"s cockpit 驾驶舱 parachute 降落伞 passenger cabin 客舱 propeller 螺旋桨

pressurized cabin 密封舱 undercarriage 起落架

undercarriage wheel 起落架轮 elevator 升降舵 radio navigation device 无线电导航设备 radio directive device 无线电定向设备 luggage compartment 行李舱(fuel)tank 油箱

auxiliary(fuel)tank 副油箱 main(fuel)tank 主油箱 autopilot 自动驾驶仪 ground crew 地勤人员 airport 航空港, 民航机场

airfield, aerodrome, airdrome 机场 airport beacon 机场灯标

airport meteorological station 机场气象站 main airport building, terminal building 机场主楼

emergency landing runway, forced landing runway 紧急着陆跑道 taxiway 滑行跑道 runway 跑道

omnirange radio beacon 全向式无线电航空信标

fuel depot 燃料库 control tower 塔台 tarmac 停机坪

radio beacon 无线电信标

boarding check 登机牌 plane ticket 飞机票 flight, flying 飞行

bumpy flight 不平稳的飞行 smooth flight平稳的飞行 ramp 扶梯

altitude, height 高度 air route, air line 航线 extra flight 加班

economy class, tourist class 经济座 non-stop flight 连续飞行 climbing, to gain height 爬升 circling 盘旋

forced landing 迫降

connecting flight 衔接航班 speed, velocity 速度 ceiling 上升限度

cruising speed 巡航速度 top speed 最高速度 first class 头等

night service 夜航 airsick 晕机

direct flight, straight flight 直飞 landing 着陆

to rock, to toss, to bump 颠簸 to taxi along 滑行

to lose height, to fly low 降低 to take off, take-off 起飞

to board a plane, get into a plane 上飞机 to get off a plane, alight from a plane 下飞机 to face the wind 迎风

机务设备英语

Main Facilities in the Airport 机场主要设备

aerodrome/airport 飞机场

alternate airfield 备用机场

control tower 管制塔台

hangar 机库

fuel farm 油库

emergency service 急救站

localizer 航向信标台/定位信标

weather office 气象站

runway 跑道

taxiway 滑行道

parking bay 停车位置

maintenance area 维修区

terminal departure building 机场大厦/候机楼international departure building 国际航班出港大厦

seeing-off deck 送客台

domestic departure lobby 国内线出港候机厅 coffee shop 咖啡室

special waiting room 特别休息室

quarantine 检疫

Customs 海关

emigration control 出境检查

snack bar 快餐部

automatic door 自动出入门

arrival lounge 到达大厅

departure lounge 离港大厅

transit lounge 过站大厅

telephone/telegram/fax room 电话/电报/传真间

stand-by ticket counter 补票处

flight inＦＯＲＭation board 航班显示板

check-in counter 办理登机手续柜台

transfer correspondence 中转柜台

carousel 旋转行李传送带

public address 广播室

dispatch office 签派室

police office 机场公安局（警察局）

boby temperature scanner 体温检测仪

medical centre 医疗中心

escalator 自动扶梯

elevator（升降式）电梯

moving/automatic walkway 自动步道

air bridge 登机廊桥

airport fire service 机场消防队

catering department 配餐供应部门

duty-free shop 免税商店

airtel/airport hotel 机场宾馆

VIP room 贵宾室

main lobby 主厅

freight building/cargo centre 货运大厦/货运中心

security centre 保安中心

imports shop 进口商品店

entrance 入口

passenger route 旅客通道

boarding gate No.18 第18号登机桥

bosrding gate besides No.16 第16号以外登机桥

inＦＯＲＭation counter/office 问询处

lavatory 卫生间

international arrival building 国际航班到达大厦

taxi stand 出租汽车站

demestic connection counter 国内线联运柜台

exit 出口

hotel and limousine service 旅馆及机场交通服务处

limousine stand 机场交通车站

waiting room 休息室

exchange and tax payment 兑换及付税

Customs personnel 海关人员

Customs inspection counter 海关检查柜台

baggage claim area 行李认领区

immigration control 入境检查

plant quarantine 植物检疫

animal quarantine 动物检疫

connection counter 联运柜台

arrival lobby 入境旅客休息室

security counter 安检柜台

security check station 安全检查站

airport tax sales 机场税购买柜台

passport control 护照检查柜台

Passengers and People Working on and with Planes

乘客与飞机工作人员

international passenger 国际旅客

domestic passenger 国内旅客

connecting passenger 转机旅客

transit passenger 过境旅客

stand-by 候补旅客

no-show 误机者

unaccompanied passenger 无人陪伴儿童

handicapped passenger 残疾旅客

departing passenger 出港旅客

arriving passenger 进港旅客

flight crew 机组人员

captain 机长

pilot 飞行员

copilot 副驾驶员

flight engineer 飞行机械师

stewardess/cabin attendant/air hostess 女乘务员/空中小姐

steward 男乘务员

purser/chief attendant 乘务长

chief purser 主任乘务长

air crew 空勤人员

ground crew 地勤人员

ground service staff 地面服务人员

navigtor 领航员

机务英语-工具

扳手Wrenches/套筒Sockets

开口扳手 Open End Wrenches 梅花扳手 Spline End Wrenches 块扳手 Crowfoot Wrenches

开口/梅花扳手 Combination Wrenches 内六角扳手 Hex Wrenches 平板棘轮扳手 Slab Ratchet 棘轮扳手 Ratchet Wrenches 力矩扳手 Torque Wrenches 管钳 Pipe Wrenches

活动扳手 Adjustable Wrenches 六角套筒 Six Point Sockets 梅花套筒 Twelve Point Sockets 万向套筒 Universal Sockets 转接头 Adaptor

套筒接杆 Socket Extension 万向转接头 Universal Joint

螺刀Screwdrivers

快速螺刀 Fast Screwdrivers

仪表螺刀 Electronic miniature Screwdrivers 十字头螺刀 PILLIPS Screwdrivers 磁性螺刀 Magnetic Screwdrivers 一字头螺刀 Flat Tip Screwdrivers 摇把 Speeders

钳Pliers

尖嘴钳 Needle Nose Pliers 大力钳 Locking Pliers

保险丝钳 Safety Wire Twisters 鹰嘴钳 Adjustable Joint Pliers 插头钳 Connector Plug 剥线钳 Wire Strippers

鱼口钳 Combination Slip-Joint Pliers 卡环钳 Convertible Snap Ring Pliers 剪线钳 Diagonal Cutters 压线钳 Wire Crimpers

电气工具Electronic Tools

矿灯 Safety Lamb(Miner’s Lamb)手电 Flashing Light 对讲机 Interphone 电烙铁 Electronic Iron 耳机 Earphone

防静电手腕 Static Wrist 电池 Battery 充电器 Charger 扬声器 Speaker

电源插座 Receptacle 电枪 Electronic Runner 电钻 Electronic Drills

指挥棒 Flashing Emergency Light 超声波 Ultrasonic

测量工具Measuring Tools 钢板尺 Steel Rulers 卷尺 Tape Rulers

螺旋卡尺 Outside Micrometer 塞尺 Feeler(Thickness)Gauges 量杯 Measuring Cup 游标卡尺 Dial Caliper 表 Gauges

三用表 Multi Meter 兆欧表 Meg Ohm Meter

杂项Diversiform

反光镜 Inspection Mirror 放大镜 Magnifier

软杆双爪式机械手 Flexible Two_claw Pick Up Tool

软杆磁棒 Flexible Magnetic Pick Up Tool 划刀 Utility Knife 刮刀 Scraper Knife 剪刀 Snip(Scissor)锯 Saw

凿子 Chisels 錾子 Punch

三脚架 Tripod(Spider)铜榔头 Copper Hammer 铁榔头 Iron Hammer 胶榔头 Rubber Hammer 弯勾 Hook 锉 File

镊子 Nipper(Pliers)

销钉插拔工具 Pin Removal Tools 气枪 Pneumatic Runner 气钻 Pneumatic Drills

铆钉枪 Rivet Gun

注射器 Injector(Squirt)滑油加油车 Oil Cart

液压油加油车 Hydraulic Fluid Cart 注油枪 Grease Gun 抹布 Dishcloth 手套 Glove 绳索 Rope

工具箱 Tools Kit 工具架 Tools Rack 千斤顶 Jack

撬棒 Tommy Bar 工作梯 Work Ladder 砂轮 Grinding wheel 砂纸 Sand paper 胶带 Adhesive Tape 焊锡 Soldering Tin 拖把 Tow Bar

发光背心 Flashing Vest 护目镜 Goggle(Blinkers)安全带 Life Belt(Safety Belt)

第五篇：经济类英语专业词汇

常用经济类词汇： economist 经济学家

socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门 public sector 公共部门,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设

standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺

stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气 underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的

initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产 circulating capital, working capital 流动资本 available capital 可用资产 capital goods 资本货物 reserve 预备金,储备金

calling up of capital 催缴资本 allocation of funds 资金分配 contribution of funds 资金捐献 working capital fund 周转基金 revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金 contingency fund 意外开支,预备金 reserve fund 预备金

buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金 sinking fund 偿债基金 investment 投资,资产 investor 投资人

self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给 bank 银行

current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票 crossed cheque 划线支票 traveller's cheque 旅行支票

chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement 背书 transfer 转让,转帐,过户 money 货币 issue 发行

ready money 现钱 cash 现金

ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠 change 零钱

banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay(in)cash 付现金

domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币 convertibility 可兑换性

convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币 exchange rate 汇率,兑换率 foreign exchange 外汇

floating exchange rate 浮动汇率 free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场 foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券 hard currency 硬通货 speculation 投机 saving 储装,存款

depreciation 减价,贬值 devaluation(货币)贬值 revaluation 重估价

runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀 deflation 通货紧缩 capital flight 资本外逃 securities business 证券市场 stock exchange 股票市场

stock exchange corporation 证券交易所 stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所 quotation 报价,牌价 share 股份,股票

shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东 dividend 股息,红利 cash dividend 现金配股 stock investment 股票投资 investment trust 投资信托 stock-jobber 股票经纪人

stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司 securities 有价证券

share, common stock 普通股 preference stock 优先股 income gain 股利收入 issue 发行股票

par value 股面价格, 票面价格 bull 买手, 多头 bear 卖手, 空头 assigned 过户 opening price 开盘 closing price 收盘 hard times 低潮

business recession 景气衰退 doldrums 景气停滞 dull 盘整 ease 松弛

raising limit 涨停板 break 暴跌

bond, debenture 债券 Wall Street 华尔街

short term loan 短期贷款 long term loan 长期贷款 medium term loan 中期贷款 lender 债权人 creditor 债权人 debtor 债务人,借方 borrower 借方,借款人 borrowing 借款 interest 利息 rate of interest 利率 discount 贴现,折扣 rediscount 再贴现 annuity 年金

maturity 到期日,偿还日

amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付 redemption 偿还 insurance 保险 mortgage 抵押 allotment 拨款

short term credit 短期信贷 consolidated debt 合并债务 funded debt 固定债务,长期债务 floating debt 流动债务 drawing 提款,提存 aid 援助

allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴

cost 成本,费用

expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出 fixed costs 固定成本

overhead costs 营业间接成本 overheads 杂项开支,间接成本 operating costs 生产费用,营业成本 operating expenses 营业费用 running expenses 日常费用,经营费用 miscellaneous costs 杂项费用 overhead expenses 间接费用,治理费用

upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用 transport costs 运输费用 social charges 社会负担费用

contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用 apportionment of expenses 分摊费用

income 收入,收益 earnings 利润,收益 gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益 gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额 net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额 average income平均收入 national income 国民收入

profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率 yield 产量收益,收益率

increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值

duty 税

taxation system 税制 taxation 征税,纳税 fiscal charges 财务税收 progressive taxation 累进税制 graduated tax 累进税 value added tax 增值税

income tax 所得税 land tax 地租,地价税 excise tax 特许权税

basis of assessment 估税标准 taxable income 须纳税的收入 fiscality 检查 tax-free 免税的 tax exemption 免税 taxpayer 纳税人 tax collector 收税员

国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 产值 output value 鼓励 give incentive to 投入 input

宏观控制 exercise macro-control

优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 输入活力 bring vigor into

改善经济环境 improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order

有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 非公有成分 non-public sectors 主要成分 dominant sector 实在的 tangible

全体会议 plenary session 解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 举措 move

实事求是 seek truth from facts 引进、输入 importation 和平演变 peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go(at sth.)精华、精粹、实质 quintessence

家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业 invigorate enterprises 商品经济 commodity economy 基石 cornerstone 零售 retail

发电量 electric energy production 有色金属 nonferrous metals 人均收入 per capita income 使负担 be saddled with 营业发达的公司 going concerns

被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business 善于接受的 receptive 增额、增值、增长 increment 发展过快 excessive growth 抽样调查 data from the sample survey

扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率 actual growth rate

国际收支 international balance of payments 流通制度 circulation system 总工资 total wages

分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds

治理不善 poor management

农业 farming 林业 forestry

畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing

第一产业 primary industry 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry 生产资料 means of production

生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership

全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership

厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 合资企业 joint venture

合作企业 cooperative enterprise

独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise

一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。

Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。

to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.work/needs.经济结构改革。

reform in economic structure 剩余劳动力。

surplus labor 经营机制

operative mechanism 发挥市场的调节作用

to give play to the regulatory role of the market 经济和法律的杠杆

economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合

to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制

a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T.中国国际贸易促进委员会

National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会 Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会

Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会

British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会

International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会

International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会 International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会 Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟

Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会

United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会

Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织

European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体

European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟 European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区 Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会 Eurogroup 欧洲集团 Group of Ten 十国集团

Committee of Twenty(Paris Club)二十国委员会 Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会

Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）

Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场

Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟

Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场 African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织

East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场

Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟

West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体

英语教学常用的句子： 1.上课(Beginning a class)(1)Let’s start now./ Let’s begin our class / lesson.(2)Stand up, please.(3)Sit down, please.2.问候(Greeting)(4)Hello, boys and girls / children.(5)Good morning, class / everyone / everybody / children / boys and girls.(6)Good afternoon, class / everyone / everybody / children / boys and girls.(7)How are you today? 3.考勤(Checking attendance)(8)Who’s on duty today? / Who’s helping this morning / today?(9)Is everyone / everybody here / present?(10)Is anyone away? / Is anybody away?(11)Is anyone absent? / Is anybody absent?(12)Who’s absent? / Who’s away?(13)Where is he / she?(14)Try to be on time./ Don’t be late next time.(15)Go back to your seat, please.(16)What day is it today?(17)What’s the date today?(18)What’s the weather like today?(19)What’s it like outside? 4.宣布(Announcing)(20)Let’s start working./ Let’s begin / start a new lesson.Let’s begin / start our lesson.(21)First, let’s review / do some review.(22)What did we learn in the last lesson?(23)Who can tell / remember what we did in the last lesson / yesterday?(24)Now we’re going to do something new / different.Now let’s learn something new.(25)We have some new words / sentences.5.提起注意(Directing attention)(26)Ready? / Are you ready?(27)Did you get there? / Do you understand?(28)Is that clear?(29)Any volunteers?(30)Do you know what to do?(31)Be quiet, please./ Quiet, please.(32)Listen, please.(33)Listen carefully, please.(34)Listen to the tape recorder / the recording.(35)Look carefully, please.(36)Look over here.(37)Watch carefully.(38)Are you watching?(39)Please look at the blackboard / picture / map …(40)Pay attention to your spelling / pronunciation.