美国文学综合练习1附标答

第一篇：美国文学综合练习1附标答

Test One

(Chapter1-2 with answers)

I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.1.____, whose unfinished Autobiography has become a classic of world literature.A.IrvingB.Franklin

C.CooperD.Bryant

2.The Declaration of Independence was drafted by ___.A.PaineB.Washington

C.FranklinD.Jefferson

3.The American literature is aboutyears old.A.200B.300

C.400D.500

4.Diaries, histories, journals, letters, commonplace book, travel books occupy a major position in the literature of the ____ period.A.classicalB.romantic

C.realisticD.colonial

5.To what rights does the Declaration of Independence say all men are entitled?

A.Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness

B.Freedom of Speech and press

C.Freedom of Thought and education

D.Abolishing all evil forms

6.____ was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States

A.FranklinB.Jefferson

C.EmersonD.Washington

7.The Pilgrims, a small religious group which left their mother country on the ship “Mayflower”, A.1492B.1628

C.1620D.1603

8.Which does not belong to the official documents that created the United States?

A.A.the Declaration of Independence

B.the Constitution

C.the Crisis

D.the treaty of alliance with France

9.As an explorer and leader,was been known as a national hero in America.A.Christopher ColumbusB.Captain John Smith

C.William BradfordD.Edward Taylor

10.Amid the tumult of the American Revolution, the political philosopher Thomas Paine, whose ____ awakened American enthusiasm for independence?

A.Common SenseB.Autobiography

C.WaldenD.History of the Dividing Line

11.“Government is a necessary evil, but its purpose was the benefit of the individual, not his exploitation.” is ____ point of view.A.Paine’sB.Jefferson’s

C.Cooper’sD.Emerson’s

12.The American Puritanism had been a healthy legacy to the Americans.The rhetoric is plain, with a touch of nobility traceable to the direct influence of ____

A.the ConstitutionB.the Bible

C.French symbolismD.Shakespeare

13.The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of ____.A.FranklinB.Emerson

C.JeffersonD.Hawthorne

14.Whose writing style is fresh, simple and direct while the rhetoric is plain and honest?.A.RomanticistsB.Transcendentalists

C.American PuritansD.British settlers

15.“Nothing can settle our affairs so expeditiously as an open and ditermined Declaration for Independence” is from ____.A.JeffersonB.Paine

C.CooperD.Emerson

16.Of the Puritan values, which one of the following is not included?A.hard workB.thrift

C.pietyD.predestination

17.____ is the only good American author before the Revolutionary War.A.FranklinB.Jefferson

C.EmersonD.John Smith

18.The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America was passed on July 4, ___

A.1775B.1777

C.1778D.1776

19.____was a Puritan and he was also one of the pilgriims who were on the Mayflower and signed the “Mayflower Conpact”.A.William FradfordB.Captain John Smith

C.John CalvinD.Edward Taylor

20.Which line is from Jefferson?

A.He has refused his Assent to Laws the most wholesome and necessary

for the public good.B.To a man laboring under calamity, the heat of his own fire hath sadness

in it.Then there is a kind of contempt of the landscape felt by him.C.There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the

conviction the envy is ignorance.D.Let him not quit his belief that a popgun is a popgun, though the ancient

and honorable of the earth affirm it to be the crack of doom.II.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false.Write a “T” for true and “F” for false.1.Franklin was already a successful businessman when Washington, Jefferson, and other founders of the nation were born.()

2.American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.()

3.The book “Of Plymouth Plantation” by William Bradford was not the earliest and most reliable record of the hardships and triumphs of the Pilgrims.()

4.Franklin helped establish a tradition in American writing of complex, utilitarian style.()

5.Captain John Smith’s writings helped set the form of the exploration and travel narratives that inspired men to move westward to America and across the continent.()

6.The American Puritans, like their brothers back in England, were not idealists.()

7.Jefferson thought that natural rights of man must be secured by law and government is not necessary.()

8.Franklin hoped that some form of reconciliation with Great Britain could be worked out.Pain, on the other hand, welcomed the idea of separation.()

9.The Way to Wealth shows how a child discovers through purchase of a toy that one may pay more for something than it is worth.()

10.In the formal, largely factual presentation of the Declaration there was no place for the metahpors and allusions upon which Paine relied so frequently.()

11.Thomas Paine’s attitude toward separation from Englanddiffer from the attitude of most Americans including Franklin.()

12.William Bradford was an adventurer, while Captain John Smith was a Puritan.()

III.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary works from which it is taken.1.When in the Course of human events, if becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, …

2.And if a string do slip, by chance, they soon

Do screw it up again: whereby

They set it in a more melodious tune

And a diviner harmony.For in Christ’s coach they sweetly sing.As they to glory ride therein.3.Six or seven weeks those barbarians kept him prisoner, many strange triumphs and conjurations they made of him, yet he so demeaned himself amongst them, and he not only diverted them from surprising the fort, but

procured his own liberty, and got himself and his company such estimation amongst them, that those savages admired him more than their own Quiyouckosucks.The manner how they used and delivered him is as follows.4.After these things he returned to his place called Sowans, some 40 miles from this place, but Squanto continued with them, and was their interpreter, and was a special instrument sent of God for their good beyond their expectation, he directed them how to set their corn, where to take fish, and to procure other commodities, and was also their pilot to bring them to unknown places for their profit, and never left them till he died.5.From a Child I was fond of Reading, and all the little Money that came into my Hands was ever laid out in Books.Pleas’d with a Pilgrim’s Progress, my first Collection was of John Bunyan’s Works, in separate little Volumes.Key to Chapter 1-2 练习答案

I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.1.B2.D3.C4.D5.A

6.A7.C8.C9.B10.A

11.B12.B13.A14.C15.B

16.D17.A18.D19.A20.A

II.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false.Write a “T” for true and “F” for false.1.T2.T3.F4.F5.T6.F7.F8.T9.F10.T

11.T12.F

III.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary works from which it is taken.1.Jefferson’s the Declaration of Independence

2.Edward Taylor’s The Joy of Church Fellowship Rightly Attended

3.Captain John Smith’s The Generall Historie

4.William Bradford’s The Pilgrims Meet the Indians

5.Franklin’s The Autobiography

第二篇：文学概论综合练习

文学概论综合练习题

题型及分数分布

一、填空题，共15空，每空2分，共30分

二、列举题，共3题，每题10分，共30分

三、简答题，共1题，15分

四、论述题，共1题，25分

填空题

1、中国的第一部诗歌总集是________________，其中的作品大部分是四言一句，称为_____________。

2、从四言诗向五言、七言过渡时期的诗体，是_____________和汉初的_____________

3、唐代五七言_____________和_____________，称为近体诗

4、中国古代的诗大多是合乐歌唱的，在宋代的代表是词，又称诗余、_____________。元代的代表体裁是_____________

5、在中国诗体形式规范的发展中，一个重大的演变是从古代的格律诗过渡到现代的_____________

6、在西方，“诗”一词源于希腊语，包括_____________和非韵文形式的作品，古希腊的_____________开叙事诗之先河。

7、彼德拉克创立的_____________是西方典型的一种格律诗，而西方的自由诗，是由美国的_____________创立的8、西方自由诗的代表性作品是惠特曼的_____________，自由诗还包括散文诗，鲁迅写于1924年的_____________是中国散文诗的代表作。

9、中国古代散文最初分为记言和记事两种，记言逐渐演变为_____________，如诸子百家，记事发展为史传文，司马迁的_____________是其范例

10、南北朝时的著名文论家刘勰把各类文章分成两大类，其中有韵的诗赋称为_____________，不押韵的各种散体文章称为_____________

11、明代主张“独抒性灵”的散文流派是_____________，清代占统治地位的散文流派称为_____________，他们思想保守，可取之处是文章写得谨严精炼

12、西方的随笔（essay）这个名称，是由法国作家_____________创造的，随后_____________把这种文体引进了英国

13、中国小说真正的渊源是魏晋南北朝的志人、志怪小说，前者以刘义庆的_____________为代表，后者以干宝的_____________为代表

14、唐代小说的代表性体裁称为_____________，以《莺莺传》《霍小玉传》《枕中记》等为代表，宋代的小说主要体裁为_____________，是说书人讲述古史旧事、英雄传奇的底本。

15、明清时期，中国古典小说达到巅峰，章回体小说发展成熟，代表性作品如罗贯中的_____________，施耐庵的_____________、吴承恩的_____________、曹雪芹的_____________等

16、进入20世纪，梁启超提倡_____________，推动了现代小说在中国的发展，成功的白话小说以_____________的《呐喊》《彷徨》为代表

17、西方的小说发展历史上，文艺复兴时期以薄伽丘的_____________为先导，短篇小说创作日渐兴盛，塞万提斯的_____________奠定了欧洲近代小说的基本样式

18、西方进入19世纪，浪漫主义和现实主义文学思潮全面兴起，在小说上，法国作家_____________的《巴黎圣母院》和_____________的《人间喜剧》分别成为两者的代表性作品

19、小说的叙述视角通常是由叙述人称决定的，一般来说有四种情形，_____________、_____________、第二人称叙述和人称或视角转换叙述

20、在小说的人物塑造中，通常会把小说人物分为_____________和_____________两种，前者是具有

单一或简单性格的人物，后者是具有多种复杂性格特征，内蕴丰富的人物

21、小说中的空间是叙述空间，是由作家选择的_____________、_____________、_____________、_____________这些因素交织在一起而构成的。

22、中国传统的戏剧基本形式都是由唱做念打构成，剧本总是由_____________和_____________构成，前者用韵文，后者用散文

23、_____________和_____________统称为影视文学

24、戏剧的结构处理方式多种多样，但一般有两种类型，一种叫_____________，另一种可以叫做_____________

25、_____________的《玩偶之家》，曹禺的_____________是锁闭式结构的典范，_____________的《威尼斯商人》，老舍的_____________则是开放式结构的杰作

26、影视文学的一大特征是_____________结构，它原是法语montage的音译，原是建筑学名词，意为装配和组合，用在影视艺术上即为镜头的剪辑和组合的方式。

27、文学阅读具有消费功能、_____________功能和_____________功能

28、文学阅读的效果可以从三个方面看，分别是_____________、_____________和文化交流效果

29、就个体而言，阅读的效果是有差别的，大致有三个不同层次的效果表现，分别是_____________、创造性、_____________

30、毛诗序中说，诗可以“经夫妇、成孝敬、厚人伦，美教化，移风俗”，这是典型的_____________型批评

31、评点是中国一种传统的批评文体，在小说点评中，_____________的《红楼梦》评点，毛宗岗的_____________评点，都是其中的成功典范

32、现代心理分析批评模式的最早应用者是_____________，他关于古希腊悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》与莎士比亚悲剧《哈姆莱特》的论述，与其代表作《梦的解析》的发表一同引起关注

列举：

1、请列举美国文学批评家艾布拉姆斯在《镜与灯》中所提出的“文学四要素”

2、请列举教材中提到的六种文学观念

3、请列举文学文本的呈现类型，并各举出一个例子

4、请列举文学文本的文化类型，并各举出一个例子

5、文学文本的五个层面分别是什么

6、请列举文学媒介的五个发展阶段

7、诗根据抒情和叙事元素比重不同，可以分为哪两类，请分别举出两种体裁

8、请列举五种格律诗的体裁

9、根据小说篇幅的长短，小说可以分为哪几个类型，请分别举一个例子

10、根据戏剧冲突的性质以及它对读者的感染作用，戏剧文学可以分成哪几种类型？请分别举一个例子

11、请列举文学批评的四种基本批评类型

12、请列举文学批评的六种批评文体

简答题

1、诗的基本特征是什么，请结合作品，对其中一个特征进行简单分析

2、散文的基本特征是什么，请结合作品，对其中一个特征进行简单分析

3、小说的基本特征是什么，请结合作品，对其中一个特征进行简单分析

4、戏剧文学的基本特征是什么，请结合作品，对其中一个特征进行简单分析

论述题

1、什么是“意象”，它有什么特征，请举出一首诗歌作品，分析其中的意象

2、什么是“意境”，它有什么特征，请举出一部文学作品，分析其中的意境

3、什么是“文学典型”，它有什么特征，请结合你的阅读体会，分析一个文学典型

4、文学阅读过程一般包含哪几个阶段，请结合你自己的阅读体会，进行分析

文学概论综合练习参考答案

一、填空题

1、诗经四言诗

2、楚辞杂言乐府

3、律诗绝句

4、长短句散曲

5、自由诗

6、韵文荷马史诗

7、十四行诗惠特曼

8、草叶集野草

9、论说文史记

10、文笔

11、公安派桐城派

12、蒙田培根

13、世说新语搜神记

14、传奇话本

15、三国演义水浒传西游记红楼梦

16、小说界革命鲁迅

17、十日谈堂吉诃德

18、雨果巴尔扎克

19、第一人称叙述第三人称叙述

20、扁平人物圆形人物

21、地域范围景致器物社会环境文化氛围

22、唱词宾白

23、电影剧本电视剧本

24、锁闭式结构开放式结构

25、易卜生雷雨莎士比亚茶馆

26、蒙太奇

27、鉴赏认知

28、个体效果社会效果

29、愉悦性提升性

30、道德教化

31、脂砚斋三国演义

32、弗洛伊德

二、列举题

1、宇宙、作品、艺术家、观众

2、摹仿论、实用论、表现论、体验论、语言论、文化论

3、再现型，如巴尔扎克在《高老头》中对伏盖公寓的描写，表现型，如余光中的《乡愁》；象征型，如梁小斌《中国，我的钥匙丢了》

4、高雅文化文本、大众文化文本、民间文化文本

5、语言层、形象层、意蕴层、余意层、衍意层

6、口语媒介、文字媒介、印刷媒介、大众媒介、网络媒介

7、抒情诗：如田园诗、山水诗、牧歌、咏史诗等，叙事诗，如史诗、故事诗、诗剧、诗体小说等

8、律诗、绝句、词、曲、十四行等

9、长篇小说、中篇小说、短篇小说、微型小说

10、悲剧（《窦娥冤》、《哈姆莱特》、《雷雨》等）喜剧（《威尼斯商人》等）正剧（《玩偶之家》《龙须沟》等）

11、审美欣赏型、理性认知型、道德教化型、消遣娱乐型

12、以诗论诗式、评点式、评传式、序跋式、随笔式、论文式

简答题

1、诗的特征是：（1）语词凝练新奇，（2）结构跳跃简约，（3）形象鲜明生动，（4）情感浓郁强烈。

2、散文的特征是（1）语言运作自由，（2）结构形散神聚，（3）表述对象广泛，（4）抒写真情实感

3、小说的特征是：（1）语言包容舒展，（2）叙述故事情节，（3）塑造人物性格，（4）建构时空情境。

4、戏剧文学的特征是：（1）语言富于个性和动感，（2）结构紧凑，（3）矛盾冲突尖锐

论述题

1、“意象”就是表意之象，指的是文学作品中具有表意性功能的文学形象，它往往具有特定的哲理意味或者观念内涵。

意象的特点

指意性：往往是为了表达特定条件下生成的一种观念或者认识

暗示性：往往通过隐喻、转义等等方式，暗示其内在的意义

朦胧性：往往显得意味多样、景象晦暗，不能最终确定其意义

2、文学意境是一种独特的文学形象，是通过读者的感会于心，以情景交融、虚实相生的方式呈现的，具有韵味无穷的阅读特点的审美画面

意境具有如下几方面的特征

情景交融

虚实相生

感会于心

3、文学典型是一种重要的文学形象，是一种以独特的个别去显现普遍性的人物或事物的形象 文学典型的特征

从价值形态上看，典型是“这一个”，具有独创性

从审美表现看，典型是现实生活的真实性写照，具有历史性

从阅读接受看，典型给人的感受复杂多样，具有多义性

从修辞效果看，典型形象可以激发人的强烈认同感

4、文学阅读过程一般包含四个阶段

发生阶段：这是文学阅读过程的发端

发展阶段：文学阅读继发生之后的拓展与深化过程

高潮阶段：是文学阅读达到顶端的时刻，这一阶段包含共鸣、净化、领悟等过程

后效阶段：是文学阅读高潮完结后的效果延续过程

第三篇：《中国知青文学》阅读练习附答案

试题内容：

（一）阅读下面的文字，完成1——3题。（9分，每小题3分）

在新中国的历史上，1953年是“上山下乡”的起始之年，是中国知青文学的起点。此后，文坛便出现了一批描写知识青年回乡建设新农村的文学作品。这一时期的文学作品有着共同而鲜明的主题，即“革命理想与革命豪情，以及这种理想与豪情在现实斗争中的消长变化，最终升华为对革命理念最大限度的张扬和歌颂”。

“文革”结束后，“归来”的“右派”作家，批判“文革”、反思历史，将历史的伤痕展示于众。以反思“文革”、批判“极左”路线为主题的伤痕文学成为新时期的文学主潮。展示伤痕的同时，作家们不忘记与主流政治价值保持一致，将作品的主题归到“赦免个人，搁置对历史与人性的讨论，团结一致向前看”上面。

“文革”结束后返回城市的知青作家，更多是通过回忆性叙述，书写知青的困惑与迷茫，以及暴露知青岁月时的伤痛与阴暗。这些创作可以归入伤痕文学的大类里，也有些学者将这些作品及之后的知青文学作品归入反思文学。从伤痕文学一脉下来的知青文学，展示蹉跎岁月的壮丽与沉湎于青春失落的情绪占据主导地位，并没有对知青这一代人与历史的关系进行更深入的思考。在魔幻现实主义、象征主义等现代派思想的影响下，知青文学的创作主体开始反省并寻求艺术上的突破。面对现代主义思潮，中国文学的主导文化受到来自创新的新文化的冲击。主导文化中的变革因子与创新文化相结合，催生了寻根文学的发生。

寻根文学是知青作家面对现代主义冲击的自然反应，但同时也是他们追踪现代主义的结果。陈晓明教授认为：“‘寻根’可以从西方现代主义的高度撤退下来，回到熟悉的民族本位，甚至再回到以现实主义的手法书写乡村生活，而并不一定会失去现代主义的艺术性质或水准，这是中国作家豁然开朗领悟到的一个境界。”

在新世纪的今天，知青文学已经成为历史。知青文学与政治意识的紧密联系决定了它的厚度与反思的力度有限。很多知青小说反思“文革”，批判极左路线，没有反思人性，更没有反思中国人在那个时期应该承担的责任。随着文学多元化时代的到来，知青文学所秉持的隐晦的价值受到消解，而知青文学也响起了丧钟。总的来看，知青文学是中国特殊时期政治话语的文学表达。当新时期的主导价值观念变成稳定的社会意识时，知青文学便失去了它固有的作用。

（节选自2014年1月《文化观察》，有删改）

1．下面关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是

A．早在1953年文坛就已经出现了一批描写知识青年回乡建设新农村的文学作品，在新中国历史上，1953年可以看作是中国知青文学的起点。

B．知青文学作品的主题比较统一鲜明，而且最终升华为“对革命理念最大限度的张扬和歌颂”。

C．“文革”结束以后返回城市的知青作家创作的文学作品，有人把它们归类为伤痕文学，也有人把它们归类到反思文学里。

D．从伤痕文学一脉下来的知青文学，并没有对知青这一代人与历史的关系进行更深入的思考，更多的是展示蹉跎岁月的壮丽与沉湎于青春失落的情绪。

2．下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是

A．“文革”结束以后，伤痕文学虽然在反思“文革”、批判“极左”路线，但作品的主题与主流政治价值保持了一致，搁置了“对历史与人性的讨论”。

B．由寻根文学的出现可见，中国知青作家受到了现代主义的冲击，同时也在追踪现代主义。

C．在魔幻现实主义、象征主义等现代派思想的影响下，知青文学的创作主体开始反省并寻求艺术上的突破，于是催生了寻根文学。

D．陈晓明教授认为中国作家已经领悟到：寻根文学可以从追踪西方现代主义的高度撤下来，撤下来也不一定会失去现代主义的艺术性质或水准。

3．根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是

A．中国文学的主导文化受到现代主义思潮的冲击，致使主导文化中的变革因子与创新文化相结合，于是催生了寻根文学的发生。

B．已成为历史的知青文学的厚度与反思力度是有限的，这正是因为他始终与国家的政治意识紧密相联。

C．文学多元化时代已经到来，而且稳定的社会意识成为了新时期的主导价值观念，知青文学所奉守的隐晦的价值也就被消解掉了。

D．从知青文学到伤痕文学，再到反思文学和寻根文学，我们都可以看到，中国文学很容易受到特殊时期的政治话语权影响的。

试题答案：

1．A（1953年之后不久）

2．C（是主导文化中的变革因子与创新文化相结合，催生了寻根文学）

3．D（以偏概全，知青文学和寻根文学、反思文学 会受到特殊时期的政治话语权影响）

第四篇：美国文学名词解释

1.AmericanTranscendentalism:①transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “ the recognition in man of the capability of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.②transcendentalists stress the importance of the Over-soul, the Individual and Nature.Other concepts that accompanied transcendentalism include the idea that nature is enabling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant.New England transcendentalism is the product of a combination of Native American Puritanism and European romanticism.③some prominent representatives include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau.2.Free verse

free verse means the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without paying attention to conversational rules of meter.Free verse was originated by a group of French poets of the late 19th century.Their purpose was to free themselves from the restrictions of formal metrical patterns and to recreate instead the free rhymes of nature period.Walt Whitman„s leaves of grass is perhaps the most notable example.3.American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the protestant church who wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrines of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.American literature in the 17th century mostly consisted of Puritan literature.Puritanism had an enduring influence on American literature.It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets.it comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century.Original sin, predestination（预言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism.And, hard-working, piousness（虔诚,尽职），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praised.4.American Dream: American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed as long as he/she works hard enough.It usually implies a successful and satisfying life.It usually framed in terms of American capitalism（资本主义）, its associated purported meritocracy,（知识界精华）and the freedoms guaranteed by the U.S.Bill of Rights.5.Imagism: the 1920s saw a vigorous literary activity in America.In poetry there appeared a strong reaction against Victorian poetry.Imagists placed primary reliance on the use of precise, sharp images as a means of poetic expression and stressed precision in the choice of words, freedom in the choice of subject matter and form, and

the use of colloquial language.Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse, using such devices as assonance and alliteration rather than formal metrical schemes to give structure to their poetry..The movement which had these as its aims is known in literary history as Imagism.Its prime mover was Ezra Pound.6.American romanticism

①it is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature that stretches from the 18th century to the outbreak of the civil war.It started with the publication of Washington Irving‟s The Sketch Book and ended with Walt Whitman‟s Leaves of Grass.②being a period of the great flowering of American literature, it is also called “the American Renaissance ”.③American romantic works emphasize the imaginative and emotional qualities of nature literature.The strong tendency to eulogize the individual and common man was typical of this period.Most importantly, the writings of American Romanticism are typically American.Works concentrate on unique

characteristics of the American land.④New England Transcendentalism is the summit of American Romanticism.⑤Romanticists include such literary figures as Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Longfellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman and some others.

第五篇：美国文学名词解释

1.Naturalism:American naturalism was a new and harsher realism.America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths.They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity.Puritanism:Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God.3.Realism: Realism emphasizes on a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived.It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.4.Romanticism: romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption.Transcendentalism:They spoke for cultural rejuvenation and stressed the importance of the individual.They offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.Nature was, to them, alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence.6.Imagism意象主义: It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S.flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording.7.Local Colorism: fiction or poetry that focuses on specific features – including characters, dialects, customs, history, and landscape – of a particular region.8.Lost Generation: It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles.It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semi poverty.It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world.9.Beat Generation: It was a group of American post-World War IIwho came to prominence in the 1950s.They rejected conventional social and moral values;expressed their alienation in their works from conventional “square” society by adopting a life style which featured sex, drugs, jazz and the freedom of the open road.10.Symbolism: Symbolism is the writing technique of using symbols.It enables poets to compress a very complex idea or set of ideas into one image or even one word.It’s one of the most powerful devices that poets employ in creation.11.Modernism：is loosely a synonym of anything contemporary.Strictly, Modernism began in the late 19th century and regarded the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.They pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one.12.A Jazz age(爵士时代):The Jazz Age describes the period of the 1920s and 1930s.With the rise of the great depression, the values of this age saw much decline.Highlighting what some describe as the decadence and hedonism, as well as the growth of individualism.