演讲语言有哪些特点5篇

第一篇：演讲语言有哪些特点

演讲是一种口语表达艺术，因此，学习演讲就不能不研究和掌握演讲的语言特点。您知道吗？

演讲语言是人们交流思想、表达情感、传递信息的工具。演讲语言运用得好与坏，将直接影响着演讲的社会效果。所以要想提高演讲的质量，就必须研究和掌握演讲的语言特点。那么，演讲的语言有哪些特点呢？

1.准确性。演讲使用的语言一定要确切、清晰地表现出所要讲述的事实和思想，揭示出它们的本质和联系。只有准确的语言才具有科学性，才能逼真地反映出现实面貌和思想实际，才能为听众接受，达到宣传、教育、影响听众的目的。

要想使演讲的语言做到准确，应当具备以下一些条件：

（1）思想要明确。演讲者如果对客观事物没有看清、看透，自己的思想尚处于模糊状态，用语自然就不能准确。所以只有思想明确了，才能使语言准确。

（2）具备丰富的词汇量。词汇的贫乏，往往会导致演讲语言的枯燥无味，甚至词不达意。要想使演讲语言准确、恰当，演讲者必须占有和掌握丰富的词汇。为了准确地概括事物，就需要在大量的、丰富的词汇里，筛选出最能反映出这一事物、概念的词语来。

（3）注意词语的感情色彩。词的感情色彩是非常鲜明而细微的，只有仔细推敲、体味、比较，才能区别出词语的褒贬色彩。例如，一个人死了，由于感情不同，用词也就不同，如可用“牺牲”、“去世”、“走了”、“死了”、“完蛋了”、“见上帝去了”等等。这些词表现的虽然都是同一个意思，但其感情色彩却是截然不同的。

（4）恰到好处地使用一些有生命力的文言词语。在这方面，毛泽东同志堪称代表。他在演讲中经常使用一些有生命力的文言词语，比如在《反对党八股》、《学习和时局》这两次演讲中，就用了“再思”、“行成于思”、“心之官则思”等文言词语。

2.简洁性。以最少的语言表达出最多的内容。要做到语言的简洁，必须对于自己要讲的思想内容经过认真地思考，弄清道理，抓住要点，明确中心。如果事前把这些搞清楚了，在演讲时至少不至于拖泥带水，紊乱芜杂。还要注意文字的锤炼和推敲，并做到精益求精，一字不多，一字不易。

3.通俗性。如果演讲的语言不通俗，听众听不懂，就要影响演讲的效果。为了使演讲的语言通俗平易，我们须从以下几方面努力：

（1）演讲的语言要口语化。首先要解决思想认识问题。不要一动笔就往书面语言上靠。写完后自己照稿念一念，看看是否上口，然后把那些不适合演讲的书面语改为口语化的语言。其次，要注意选择那些有利于口语表达的词语和句式。双音节和多音节的词语比单音节的词语容易上口，而且也好听。如“当我要写演讲稿时”就不如“当我要写演讲稿的时候”好听。

（2）演讲的语言要个性化。马克思曾经说过：“你怎么想就怎么写，怎么写就怎么说。”它告诉我们，不管“说”也好，“写”也好，都要用自己的语言，而不是别人的语言或现成的语言。

（3）要说自己的话。有些演讲者，爱使用一些“时髦”词，或是套话，或是从报刊、书籍上摘抄下来的，生硬地拼在一起的话。这样的语言听起来挺“新鲜”，究其实却内容干瘪，缺乏生活的真实。用自己的话讲，可能看起来很朴素、很普通，但却更真实自如，更富有吸引力。

第二篇：演讲的语言特点

演讲的语言特点

要了解演讲的语言的特色，让我们先来了解下演讲的性质，演讲说白了就是一种是以宣传鼓动为目的，带艺术性的严肃的社会实践活动。

从演讲的性质我们可以看出，演讲是一种以宣传鼓动为目的，宣传并让听众接受某种观点的一种语言表达的方式。既然要有鼓动的效果，其语言特点肯定不同于一般的的语言表达。

演讲的性质决定了演讲与朗诵存在很大的不同，演讲与朗诵的范畴不同，演讲属精神实用艺术，侧重于宣传鼓动。朗诵属表演艺术，侧重于欣赏演讲的选题有很强的现实性、时代性。朗诵的材料有很大的超越性。演讲讲究激情，其语言有特殊性。有生活化的舞台语言，有舞台化了的生活语言，演讲一定要有激情点（高潮）。朗诵追求意境，其语言属舞台表演语言。

而演讲更不是一般的报告，内容上，报告注重政策性、权威性、指导性。演讲注重典型性、鲜明性；语言上，报告要求朴实，感情表达不要求大起大落，基调平稳。朗诵必须要有起伏。演讲不是表演，是表现，要注重控制情绪，最好的演讲员是他的眼泪在眼匡里，而听众的眼泪在脸上。

既然演讲不同于朗诵，又与一般的报告存在很大的不同，那么演讲的语言特色到底是哪些呢？

演讲具有其特有的手势语言。手指语言：“大拇指”动作一般表夸奖、很好，但有时表高傲的情绪；“十指交叉”一般表自信、敌对情绪、感兴趣：“抓指式”一般表控制全场之势：“背手”可给自己壮胆，镇静，也表自信，但对有的人是种狂妄表现：“手啄式”表示不礼貌的动作，本身就有一种挑衅、针对和强制性。以上都要看具体环境和当时面部表情。手掌语言：“向上”表示诚恳、谦虚：“向下”表提醒、命令：“紧握伸食指”带有一种镇压性：“搓掌”表期待，快搓表增加可信度，慢搓表有疑虑：“手掌向前”表拒绝、回避；“手掌由内向外推”表安慰、把所有的问题概况起来：“劈掌”表果断、决心。手臂语言：“手臂交叉”表防御：“交叉握拳”表敌对：“交叉放掌”表有点紧张并在努力控制情绪：“一手握另一只手上臂，另外一只手下垂”表缺乏自信。

演讲更有其极富特色的眼睛语言。眼睛是心灵的窗户，嘴巴可以说话，眼睛不能说话，眼睛的奥妙，在于它是真实的。可以编出一千句、一万句谎言，却不能遮挡眼睛的真实性。眼睛注视用得多的有三种：（1）凝视。集中目光看对方，如果是公事，目光限制于前额到双眼，使人感觉你很诚恳认真；如果是社交，就看双眼到嘴三角区；如果是关系非常亲密的朋友，就看双眼到胸。（2）环视。眼睛向前然后有目的的扫一下，好处是使所有听你讲话的人都注意了你，不觉得你在和他（个人）交流，能较全面地了解听众的心理反映。而且可根据你的环视随时调整说话的节奏、内容、语调，把握说话的主动权控制住。（3）虚视。就是似视非视，演讲就需要这种虚与实的目光交替，“实”看某一部分人，“非”看大家，演讲要作到“目中无人，心中有人”。演讲的又一大语言特色就是其表情语言了。表情语言。每个人都有面部表情，脸上的每个细胞、每个皱纹、每个神经都表达某种意愿、某种感情、某种倾向。面部表情是最准确的、最微妙的人的“晴雨表”。人的面部表情贵在四个字：自然，真挚。面部是思想的“荧光屏”，演讲的面部表情一般要带微笑。

演讲还要保持口语的朴实风格。演讲稿必须是叙述型口语化的。这种风格的语言平易、上口、入耳、便于传播。演讲是“讲”给别人“听”的，这种“双边活动”要求“讲”与“听”中间不能有梗阻。而讲的声音是短暂易逝的，要想让人听准、听懂就得说听众熟悉又经常讲的语言，且要用一口气说完的短句。

演讲作为一种高级的口语表达形式,对语言的要求极高。认识和了解演讲语言的语体特点,可以使我们更好地驾驭这门古老而崭新的传播艺术。

第三篇：怎样突出就职演讲的语言特点

就职演讲是新任某一特定职务的人上任时面对干部和群众所做的一种自我表白。为了增强现场表达效果，撰写演讲稿，就必须突出以下语言特点。

1.真切、朴实。就职者怀着真挚的情感发表演讲，应当让听众感到特别亲切、自然，平易近人。因此，撰稿时，要体现语言的真切、朴实，切不可卖弄文采，矫揉造作。例如，一位新市长在就职演讲中说：“同志们，我的权力是在座的各位代表给的，也是全市七十万父老乡亲给的，我没有理由不把工作干好，我没有权力践踏这个神圣的职责。如果因为本人政务不廉洁或工作失职，而对党对人民造成不应有的损失的话，那么，我将主动摘下市长这顶‘乌纱帽’回家卖红薯！这，就是我这名人民公仆所要向人民群众进行的最忠实的表白！”这段话，语言真切、朴实，充分表现了一位领导干部的责任感和事业心。

2.简洁、明快。就职演讲实际上只是新上任的人在特定的环境中对听众的一次正式亮相和表态。因此，演讲稿的篇幅一般都比较短小，这就要求语言必须简洁、明快，切忌夸夸其谈，拖泥带水。例如，一位新上任的妇联主任，这样发表她的就职演讲：“大伙儿选我当妇女的头儿，算是瞧得起我。请婶子、大娘、姑娘、姐妹们放心，我也是女人，也有丈夫，有家，也怀孕生过孩子，我知道哪些利益该为咱妇女去争，哪些事该咱妇女去干。我先试着干一年，干不好，大伙儿再另选别人。”短短几句话，简洁明快，干净利落，赢得了现场听众热烈的掌声。

3.幽默、风趣。就职演讲的场合，一般都是比较庄重严肃的，但这并不意味着所有就职者都要板着面孔来讲话。倘若根据表达需要，增加一点语言的幽默色彩和风趣意味，往往会获得出人意料的现场效果。例如，一位新当选的农村支部书记这样开始他的就职演讲：“这次党员大会选举，我再次当选支部书记，得了180%选票。不要笑，这里头80%是大家投的票，还有100%是我自己投的票。……”这个开场白，出人意料，新颖独特，接下去演讲者对两个百分比进行了巧妙的分析，语言幽默风趣，让人觉得他诚实而充满自信。

第四篇：英语政治演讲的语言特点和翻译方法

N 学科分类号

050201

题 目

英语政治演讲的语言特点和翻译方法

二○一 年 月

DECLARATION

I, ?/??, the undersigned, hereby declare that this essay does not contain any material which has been accepted for the award of any other higher degree or graduate diploma in any tertiary institution and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this essay does not contain any material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in the text of the essay.Signed:

Dated:

CONTENTS

Abstract in English….....................……………………………………………….........................1 Abstract in Chinese....................................................................................................2Ⅰ.Introduction…...................................................................................................................3 1.1 Research Background………………………………………………………………..…....3 1.2 Research Purpose………………………………………………………………..…….…..3 1.3 Research Significance………………………………...…………………………………...3 Ⅱ.Theoretical Frameworks……………………………………………………………………...4

2.1 The Definition of Phatic Communion…………………………………………………….4

2.2 The Origin of Phatic Communion…………………………………………………..…… 4 Ⅲ.Differences between Chinese and English Phatic Communion……………………….………5 3.1 Different Backgrounds of Different Phatic Communion between Chinese and Western Cultures…………..………………………………………………………………..………5 3.2 Chinese and Western Thinking in Different Ways on the Different Causes by the Traditional Greetings……….…………………………………………………………..…7 3.3 Different Communicative Habits due to Differences in Greetings between China and America……………………………………………………………………….……..…....8 Ⅳ.Conclusion......………………......…………………..........……………..………….....…..…10 Bibliography...................................................................................................................................11 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………….….......12

I 贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

Abstract

In the 21st century, with the advance of human society and the progress of technology, the international communication between China and other countries has become more frequent than before.Owing to rapid development of information technology and globalization, people are not merely satisfied with knowing what happened in their own national political circle.Political speeches, especially English political speeches, as the major media to spread political thoughts and report political events, are capable of making people know more about international politics.Due to linguistic and cultural limitations, however, Chinese audiences or readers cannot understand political speeches in foreign language very well.Thus, the Chinese translation of English political speech is attached great significance.Under the current background of fast-paced lifestyle, the conciseness and the generality of English political speeches allow readers to acquire more political information within the precious time.The appropriate translated version of English political speech will determine whether the original political speeches can draw readers’ attention or not.Therefore, the translation of English political speeches is becoming especially important..Keywords: English political speech;linguistic features;comparison between English political speeches and Chinese political speeches;translation strategies 贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

摘 要

进入21世纪以来，人类社会不断进步，科技发展日新月异，尤其是国际间的交流日益频繁。资讯科技和全球化的迅速发展使得人们不单单满足于了解本国政界所发生的事情。政治演讲，尤其是英语政治演讲，作为一种表达政治思想和报道政治事件的主要传播媒介，能使人们知道更多世界上的政治问题。

然而由于语言和文化的局限，中国观众或读者并不能很好地读懂外语政治演讲。因此，英语政治演讲的汉译在促进国际交流方面便起到了极为关键的作用。

在当今快节奏生活的大背景下，英语政治演讲的简练性和概括性能够让读者在宝贵时间内获得更多政治信息！对英语政治演讲进行适当的汉译也决定了能否吸引中国读者。所以英语政治演讲的翻译也就尤为重要。

关键词：英语政治演讲的语言特点;中文政治演讲与英语政治演讲的比较;翻译策略贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

Ⅰ.Introduction 1.1 Definitions of Political Speech Political speech is a crucial type of public speaking.It is specific for the manifestation of the standpoint and proposition in the field of domestic political affairs and diplomatic relationships.Namely, the speeches are made by politicians or delegates of some organizations or authorities who intend to convey some political propositions and viewpoints.The remarkable political speech like I have a dream, made by Martin Luther King.1.2 Characteristics of English Political Speech Generally speaking, there are totally three characteristics of political speech.It will be beneficial for us to comprehend political speech by mastering their characteristics.1.2.1 Political Topics

This type of speech refers to some vital politic issues which relate to nation, party, reform, peace and progress.Speakers should clearly express their political inclination, declare their political opinions, and try every effort to control the general direction of historical development.1.2.2 Motivational Contents

This type of speech has certain politic purpose that makes audience acquaint with the administrative program or politic standpoints.Then, the speaker could gain the understanding and support of audiences, which is the most basic purpose of speech.Therefore, this type of speech has the feature of motivational contents and emotional persuasion.1.2.3 Precise Logics The inspiring political speech needs to demonstrate the unimpeachable logicality in the process of raising, analyzing and solving the political problem.Only in the logical way can make the political speech more reasonable and acceptable to audiences.1.3 Functions and Use of Political Speech Firstly, politicians make a political speech to clarify their political ideas, policies as well as targets of their administration.Accordingly, they may gain the understanding and support of the voters and the populace.This kind of speech is usually conveyed to the public by media in political rallies, campaign sites on some special memorial days.Secondly, political speech must express certain standpoints so that it could catch people’s attention and increase the relevant party’s support rate.Finally, delivering political speech can make politicians’ views come true, increase their political awareness as well.贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

Ⅱ.The linguistic Features of English Political Speech

2.1 Rhetoric Features of English Political Speech Rhetoric is originated from the fourth century B.C, and it just referred to oral presentation skills at that time, which people used to say ―argumentation‖.In Rhetoric, Aristotle ever defined rhetoric as a function of persuasion that could be found in any question(Roberts,1924:281-286).At the end of 17th century, Jone Locke, an English philosopher called rhetoric as ―oratory‖, which is a kind of art that can express decency, grace and power(Huang, 1996:2).2.1.1 The Usage of Parallelism Parallelism is one rhetoric method that is the most useful linguistic form to achieve the purpose of emphasis.In other words, it is the most suitable rhetoric method for English political speech.This form may gather sentences or parts of speech such as nouns, adjectives and verbs.The usage of parallelism makes people feel more exciting through the strong sense of linguistic rhythm.What’s more, it also could make speech more concise and make sentence structures more balanced.For example, Marin Luther King used ―Now is the time to… ”four times in his speech to emphasize that it’s time for black people to wake up and conduct revolution, it’s time for American government to fulfill its promise, to abolish race segregation as well as to require equality and freedom.The paralleled sentences successfully enhance the momentum of language, stress things and create a strong sense of pictures.2.1.2 The Usage of Repetition Speakers use repetition with the purpose of emphasizing a certain meaning or highlighting a certain emotion, which could draw the readers’ or listeners’ attention by repeating key words and key concepts so that they could have a profound impression.For example, you could see the repetition of the topic sentence in Hillary Clinton’s campaign speech.The usage of repetition could make the whole speech more cohesive and coherent.What’s more, it is useful for listeners to remember the aim of the rally, speak out our common people’s desires: everyone has the right of democracy, freedom and equality.2.1.3 The Usage of Alliteration The major rhetoric in phonological speech is alliteration and sound symbolism.Alliteration is the repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals in order to strengthen the rhythm of 贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

speech.In fact, delivering a speech is equal to saying something, thus it’s necessary to place emphasis on rhyme so that the speech could be catchy.It is rhyme that endows the whole speech with strong tempos, sonorous tones and inspirations.For example, ―we should not demean our democracy with the politics of distraction, denial and despair.‖ This sentence is addressed by AL Gore, the vice president of the US, there are five words with the same letter ―d‖.These alliterated words strengthen the rhyme, mood as well as connotation of the sentence, which form phonetical alignment.2.1.4 The Application of Simile In order to achieve common sense, English political speeches have to pay attention to the structure of sentences.There are a variety of sentence structures and figures of speech.Among them, simile and metaphor are often used in English political speeches, politicians often use them to make the speech more lively and understandable.Therefore, the speech will be accepted more easily.For example, in order to show his negative judgments toward racial segregation and discrimination, Martin Luther King use ―a bad check‖ and ―insufficient funds‖ to symbolize the delay of keeping a promise, ― a lonely island‖ and ―dark and desolate valley‖ to symbolize racial segregation and discrimination, ―sweltering summer‖ to symbolize the speaker’s dissatisfaction and negative judgement of racial segregation and racial discrimination.On the other hand, the speaker compared racial justice to ―the sunlit path‖.He also compared equality to ―an invigorating autumn,‖ thus to show his strong longing for democracy, freedom and equality.To sum up, application of simile can connect abstract theories with concrete things that people are familiar with, and make common things become vivid and impressive to receivers.2.2 Religious Elements

There are many religious factors in English political speeches, which are foreign culture’s reflection in communication.Religion is an inseparable part of western culture.In their inauguration speeches, presidents often hope to make their speeches more attractive and persuasive with the help of God’s power.That is the reason why there are lots of religious elements in English political speeches.Barack Obama quoted directly from Bible many times in his inaugural speech to make his words more convincible.By arousing people’s sympathy with some religious beliefs, Obama’s speech may encourage people to gain confidence about the new government in the matter of tackling the crisis and reconstructing a bright future.For example, he says: ― We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come 贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

to set aside childish things.The God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.‖ 2.3 Sentence Structures

Different from dialogues, advertisements and news reports, the English political speeches have special requirements on the sentence structures.Rather than interrogative sentences, declarative sentences are often used in a political speech.Because a question will weaken the speech’s seriousness and firmness, thus making the whole speech less persuading.There are seldom interrogative sentences in Obama’s speech.Apart from declarative sentences, imperative sentences are also found in an English political speech.This kind of sentence structure is usually started by ― let us‖ whose function is to activate the listeners and to call on their actions according to the speaker’s will.For instance, ― Let us remember these timeless words.With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come,‖ which is selected from Clinton’s inaugural speech.Ⅲ.The comparison between English political speeches and Chinese political speeches

The classic examples of western governments’ political speeches are Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, Churchill’s Impromptu Speech in the United States for Christmas, Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream, Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address and so on.Chinese political speeches’ models are Premier Chou Enlai’s Toast at the Banquet in Honor President Nixon, Deng Xiaoping’s Policy Speech, Premier Wen Jiabao’s Speech at Copenhagen Climate Conference and so on.Chinese and Western rational political speeches have some specific differences in context.At the same time, each of them stresses on different aspects, which reflect on following two facets: On one hand, the first aspect is embodied in the speech content.Chinese speeches give priority to the ―meaning‖, while western speeches are accustomed to emphasizing on the ―scene‖.For instance, Chinese President Hu Jintao attended the 2008 Opening Ceremony of Boao Forum for Asia(BFA)Annual Conference and delivered a speech Adhere to Reform and Opening-up and Promote Win-win Cooperation.He first pointed out that ―Since the establishment of Boao Forum, it has played a significant part in promoting mutual 贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

understanding and friendship among the people of the world in Asia and advancing the communication and cooperation between Asian countries and business community‖.(Hu, 2008)President Hu started his speech from the existing meaning of FBA, possessing the typical Chinese speech style.However, US President Barack Obama started his speech from the second sentence of the Inaugural Address with the real scene ―It is the answer that told by the voters who stretches around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours.This is the first time in life in vote for many of them, because they believed that time must be different, that their voices could make this time different as well‖.The inaugural address has a typical western speech style.These two distinctive speech styles are characterized by national history, traditional government speech and other factors.―Meaning first‖ manifests the dignity of our Chinese nation, and ―scene(case)first‖ shows the charm of speech.Each has its own merits.On the other hand, the second aspect occurs in the orator’s personal style.Chinese political speeches are specialized in ―teaching within words, while western speeches lie in ―lively and realistic expression‖.Chinese political speeches place value upon ―selflessness‖，while western celebration speeches attach importance to ―individualism‖.Chinese political speeches tend to have the profound implication of summary, with a little government officials’ individual language.It’s hard to find the shadow of ―me‖.However, western politicians deliver a speech with the thought of ―I ‖ everytime and everywhere.‖

Affected by the deep–rooted traditional thoughts, Chinese politicians highlight the overall achievement and developing direction when they deliver speeches, rarely mention individuality.On the

contrary，western

politicians

frequently

intersperse

with citizens’ individual scenes, life, opinion, attitudes, etc, striving to make the serious speech full of emotional or perceptual color.Ⅳ.Translation Methods of English Political Speech 4.1 Translation Introduction of English Political Speech English political speech translation is not only a conversation between two languages, but also a communication between cultures.4.2 Translation Standard of English Political Speech 贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

At first, there are great differences between Chinese and English.English emphases on hypotaxis and pays more attention to the completeness of grammatical form, logical form and rigorous sentence structures.Chinese lays emphasis on parataxis and hightlights the symmetry of vocabulary and sentence pattern.Consequently, appropriate translation of English political speeches should cater to the expression of target language as conveying information.At the same time, English political speeches should convey speaker’s passion and wisdom to infect the target readers and listeners and make them accept contents easily.Sometimes, it is difficult for target readers to understand when original speech contents are directly translated into target language.Under such circumstances, communicative translation method is recommended, which can be easier to accept for readers and increase the readability of target text through adding notes or paraphrases to original language.4.3 Translation Methods and Application of English Political Speech 4.3.1 Paraphrase

Paraphrase is one of the proper translation methods that could make target readers comprehend an English political speech more directly and explicitly, namely, translators could use target language to explain the meaning of original text.Paraphrase is a kind of explanation translation method.It needs to precisely translate the original words with cultural background information and reflect its connotative significance in the target language, so that target readers may understand the target text better.(1)Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states.(Obama,2008)这些美国人像世界表明，我们从来都不仅仅是个体的集合，或是共和党与民主党的集合。

The ―red states‖ and ―blue States‖ refer to the number of vote distribution tendency of elections in the United States.The blue states represent the voters who tend to support the Democratic Party.While the red states represent the voters who support the Republican Party.Translating ―red‖ and ―blue‖ into the red color and the blue color directly is not easy for target readers to understand.Therefore, we translate then into the Republican Party and the Democratic Party by paraphrase method.(2)Let US remember that，if this financial crisis taught US anything，it’s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers.(Obama,2008)贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

让我们铭记。如果说这场金融危机有什么教训的话，那就是，当普通民众的生活受到重创，华尔街也不可能维持繁荣。

Here the original meaning of ―Main Street‖ refers to the avenue of American town, while it actually means the common people who believe in traditional American values.This example fully shows the usage of paraphrase in English political speech.4.3.2 Borrowing Borrowing is a translation method that the translated version should be in accordance with the foreign words’ morphological structure and word formation principle, namely, borrowing Chinese to elaborate words or expressions in original English text.For example, the translator may use Chinese four-character idioms and common sayings to translate original English language.You feel invisible when your medical insurance disappears and college is out of reach．

如果你的医疗保险人间蒸发，大学学费令你望而却步，你肯定会有被遗弃的感觉。

Translating ―disappear‖ and ―out of reach‖ into ―人间蒸发‖ and ―望而却步‖ can not only express the original meaning, but also meet the expression habit of target language.Borrowing four-character makes speech content clear and straightforward.(2)Yes，we must provide more ladders to success for young men who fall into lives of crime and despair．(Obama, 2008:3)的确，对于那些误入歧途、陷于绝望的失足青年，我们必须提供更多的帮助使他们走向成功。

The ―fall into lives of crime‖ and ―despair‖ are translated into “误入歧途” and “陷入绝望” in this sentence.Since Chinese expression and English statement are very similar in meaning, such translation method of borrowing makes the translation more authentic and achieves the effect of conveying information.4.3.3 Omission Omission refers to omit some conjunctions and prepositions to make translated versions sound smooth and succinct.First of all, English sentences connected by using conjunctions to express the logical relationship between sentences, while Chinese can show connections between sentences without using conjunctions.Therefore, parataxis-prominent Chinese may 贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

omit the conjunctions as long as the meaning can be maintained obviously.Secondly, Chinese rarely use prepositions.Thus omission of the prepositions can make the target text meet the expression habit of Chinese.(1)This has always been your campaign and this is your victory，because your support has meant the difference between winning and losing．

这一直是属于你们的竞选，这也是属于你们的胜利，正是你们的支持决定了胜利。

―And‖ ―because‖ and ―between‖ can be omitted in this sentence, which makes the target text become natural rather than stiff and accord with the expression habit of target language.(2)But I can assure you，as I have said on many occasions that no matter what happens，I will work for the nominee of the Democratic Party，because we must win in November．

我已多次承诺，现在还要再次承诺，无论发生什么，我会继续奋斗，力争成为民主党总统候选人。我们必须赢得十一月大选。

Omitting the ―but‖, ―as‖ and ―because‖ is more suitable for the Chinese expression.The sentence can also be more reasonable and coherent.4.3.4 Amplification Amplification means supplying relevant information in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original text.There can be further supplements of the hidden information so that the translation text could elaborate the original meaning.And it is that promise that forty five years ago today，brought Americans from every corner of this land to stand together on a Mall in Washington，before Lincoln’s Memorial，and hear a young preacher from Georgla speak of his dream.（Martin Luther King ,2007:5）

正是因为这一承诺，在四十五年前的今天，从这片土地的各个角落，美国人走到一起，聚集在林肯纪念堂前，华盛顿的一个林荫大道上。聆听来自佐治亚州的一位年轻牧师(马丁·路德·金)讲述他的梦想。

Here, ―a young preacher from Georgia‖ refers to Martin Luther King.He delivered the speech ―I Have a Dream” on the steps of the Lincon Memorial 45 years ago.Adding comments makes the translated text more complete and understandable.1)Tomorrow，I will attend a gathering of the United Nations Development Fund for Women．(Liu Zhirong, 2010:12)贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

明天。我还会参加联合国发展基金会举办的关注妇女问题会议。

Here, the United Nations Development Fund for Women should add ―妇女问题会议‖in translation, which could let the meaning of sentence more intact.Only in this way can fully express the text’s original meaning.V.Conclusion After above analysis, the author will make a brief conclusion.Firstly, the thesis proposes a rough idea of linguistic features of English political speech.There are rhetoric features, religious features and sentence features in English political speech.Furthermore, by the differences and similarities of English political speeches and Chinese political speeches, we could use some translation methods such as interpretation, borrowing, omission and amplification in order to convey and understand the English political speech better.The discussion about the E-C translation of English political speech is not complete.It is only my own stance and there are still some points in this thesis that need to be further proved.At the very start, the materials collected in this thesis are far from abundant.Besides, because of the limitation of energy and time, this thesis only gives a general view on English political speech translation and has not specific explanation for each translation method.In brief, since great efforts have been contributed to this thesis, the author expect that this dissertation can catch more attention of researches and translators in this area.贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1]David.Public Speaking Strategies for Success [M].Boston: Ally&Bacom, 1999.[2]Newmark.Approaches to Translation [M].Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd, 1991.[3]Roberts.Rhetoric [M].北京交通大学出版社，1924: 281-286.[4]魏芳.政治演讲语言的特点分析与翻译方法[J].北京：印刷学院大学英语部, 2005.[5]胡锦涛.坚持改革开放，推进合作共赢[J].新华网，2008:129-131.[6]勃朗特译.影响你一生的名人励志演讲[M].海豚出版社,2011:11.[7]马丁·路德著，刘植荣译.美国20世纪经典演讲100篇[M].江西人民出版社，07:12.[8]刘植荣.美国21世纪最震撼的声音[M].江西人民出版社，2010:23.[9]任宪宝.奥巴马演说—跨越族的声音[M].中国言实出版社，2014：7.贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The completion of this essay would not have been possible without the encouragement, the guidance, and the support of many other people.First of all, I would extend my sincere and heartfelt thanks to my supervisor Professor Yang Dingting who has given me valuable suggestions and insightful comments in the essay writing.She has also spent much time going through brainstorming with me, put my work on the right track, read in great details every draft of every section of this essay, and helped improve the appropriateness of English used.My gratitude to Miss Yang knows no bound.Special thanks also go to my family for their unfailing support and love throughout my university study.贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）

补充说明：

1.论文使用英语撰写，不少于3000字。

2.页码：目录用罗马数字(Ⅰ、Ⅱ┄┄)单独编页码，页码位于页面底端居中。毕业论文（设计）主体部分与后置部分的页码从毕业论文（设计）的摘要开始，至附录结束，用阿拉伯数字连续编排，页码位于页面底端居中。页码为5号Times New Roman。

3.数字和字母：Times New Roman 字体；中文：仿宋字体（摘要、参考文献等处）

4．封面及Declaration页单面打印、其余页双面打印。

页边距：上2cm，下2cm，左2.5 cm，右1.5 cm，装订线0.5cm，页眉1.2cm，页脚1.5cm。

5．页眉以小五号宋体字键入“贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计），居左。” “贵州师范学院毕业论文（设计）” 从摘要页开始，下面应有一条横线。

第五篇：“模拟联合国”活动演讲的语言特点分析

“模拟联合国”活动演讲的语言特点分析

摘要：本文通过对“模拟联合国”活动现场演讲的观察统计，分析了“模拟联合国”活动中演讲的语言组织和运用，总结出该活动中演讲的语言特点。旨在为各高校“模拟联合国”团队的培训提供指导。另一方面，有助于深化国内高校对该活动中演讲语言特点的认识，促进“模拟联合国”活动在中国进一步发展。

关键词：模拟联合国；演讲；语言特点

“模拟联合国”是一项国际性的大学院校的学生活动，由“联合国”，“联合国世界联邦组织”及各个国家的“联合国协会”共同指导和管理，其最主要的活动是每年召开国际“模拟联合国大会”。其具体形式为：各国的各院校成立各自的模拟联合国团队――作为“模拟联合国”的成员国，在大会上模拟“联合国”会议全过程，模拟履行“联合国”会议的职责。在模拟会议上，学生们扮演成所代表国的外交官，探讨并决策世界首要问题。活动自2002年正式被引进中国大陆，已在中国发展近八年时间，在此期间，“模拟联合国”活动犹如雨后春笋般在中国各高校蓬勃发展。会议上代表们围绕给定议题，以联合国演讲辩论的方式阐述各自国家立场。“模拟联合国”会议上，各国代表演讲使用的语言特点与真正的联合国语言有相似之处，但又不尽相同，在其不断发展的过程中，形成了独有的语言选取和运用特点。下面，笔者以模拟联合国会议中实地记录的语料为素材，就“模拟联合国”演讲的语言特点作详细解析。

一、演讲过程的逻辑性强

“模拟联合国”会议演讲作为一种政治性演讲，要求其具备政治性演讲的基本特点：1.深刻的思想政治性；2.严密的逻辑性；3.强烈的说服性。严密的逻辑要作为演讲的线索贯穿始终，尤其是在“模拟联合国”会议上，这一点特别明显。因为模拟讨论的议题可能代表们之前从未接触过，只有两三个月甚至一个月的时间来进行调研；加之扮演各个国家的代表们来自不同国家，其中包括英语为母语的代表，也包括英语作为第二外语的代表，他们所讲的英语口音不同，在不同程度上会造成理解上的困难。因此，严密的逻辑性显得尤为重要。在2009年由香港模拟联合国协会HKMUNC举办香港理工大学承办的香港国际模拟联合国会议社会与人文委员会上，代表们讨论的第一个议题为：世界饥饿。因为参加活动的学生来自15个国家的不同地区，在讨论由西北工业大学所扮演的德国代表提出的生物燃料种植问题时，部分代表未调研此议题，因此会议陷入僵局。但是西北工业大学德国代表利用正式磋商的时间，首先介绍了生物燃料的定义以及它和普通燃料的区别，再次说明生物燃料对亚非拉国家粮食生产的影响，最后阐明德国对生物燃料种植的态度和措施。具有严密逻辑的演讲附加明确的关系副词使在场的代表对生物燃料有了一定的了解，从而使得会议继续顺利进行。

二、演讲内容的立场性强

19世纪英国首相帕麦斯顿有句名言：英国没有永远的朋友，也没有永远的敌人，只有永远的利益。国家利益要求“模拟联合国”会议中的演讲必须遵循现实国际社会中国家的真实立场。在会议开始前代表收到会议国家分配的时候，就应该意识到在“模拟联合国”会议上没有“世界人”，只有“国家人”。同时也应该抛开作为一个中国人的立场，站在所代表国家的立场上考虑问题。因此，在随之而来的模拟会议上进行演讲时务必遵循各国立场。比如2010年西安交通大学模拟联合国会议大会第六委员会巴西代表在演讲中这样说道：Brazil has complied with its obligation to boost sustainable development under international law.Brazil agrees to meet and maintain the emission level set by the Kyoto Protocol.上述话语表明巴西承认京都议定书对于在减少碳排放量方面对于巴西的要求，同时巴西同意在国家法律范围内履行关于减排应尽的义务。这明确肯定了巴西在节能和控制气候变化方面愿意承担的义务和责任――按照京都议定书中1990年国家炭元素排放量的相关规定进行减排。这是巴西关于减排的最低底线和能够承担的最重义务，超过这条线将会逾越巴西的国家立场。此外，许多发展中国家的代表在“模拟联合国”会议上经常将国家主权作为与发达国家和工业化国家进行合作的底线。例如，朝韩合作中，韩国同意对朝鲜进行粮食和经济援助，但是涉及到韩国专家能够深入援助到何种程度时，朝鲜会限定援助领域，并规定粮食援助的区域，超过这个区域则认为是僭越国家主权的行为，不但援助不会被接受，还会引起矛盾争端，甚至战争，带有很强的立场性和原则性。

三、演讲态度明确，语气坚定

“模拟联合国”会议的演讲属政治演讲，要求态度必须明确，不能吞吞吐吐，模棱两可。在真正的国际政治舞台上，国家的政治立场都是坚定的。在2008年西北工业大学举办的模拟联合国会议大会第三委员会获得最佳立场文件奖的荷兰代表在立场文件的首段中论述说：Netherlands strongly believes that the further cooperation between all member states to balance the economic development and environmental protection has become ever so important.上句论述中的strongly，all和so重读，语气坚定地表明荷兰代表的国家立场是要求所有国际成员之间应该在平衡经济发展和保护环境的问题上进行合作，而且合作十分之必要。而这一类的词汇还有很多，如definitely，absolutely，strictly等，也可达到同样效果。

另一方面，态度明朗还要善于区别分寸。“由于客观事物是千变万化的，因而对某一事物的肯定或者否定态度不会都是等量的。应该善于从中找出细微差别，区分它们的分寸，绝不要一律肯定或者一律否定，把问题绝对化。”在“模拟联合国”会议中，不同国家对于议题往往首先有自己国家既定的立场和底线，随着会议的一步步深入，只有通过不同国家代表之间进行磋商、妥协和让步，会议才能达成一定的共识，从而解决国际问题。因此，代表在进行国家立场的演讲时，往往会在一些特定问题上保持模糊态度或者直接不表明本国在该问题上的立场，从而为以后的磋商让出空间。

四、具有一定的重复性

“模拟联合国”会议上代表们轮流进行发言演讲，并且大部分时间以演讲的方式阐明国家立场，展现个人魅力。但是有时会场上国家众多，个人演讲的机会不多，且每次演讲的时间有限。例如2011年北京大学举办的亚洲模拟联合国会议大会（General Assembly）会场上共有代表90个国家的180位代表，正式的会期不到三天，加之会议流程较复杂，动议失败又会造成时间上的浪费，能够分配给代表们进行个人演讲的时间很少。所以，国家代表进行立场演说时对于演讲的头尾尽量不断重复国家立场，以加强其他国家代表对本国立场的印象。比如，2011年北京大学亚洲模拟联合国中，粮食计划署（WFP）的伊拉克代表在演讲的首段中说道：Thus，Iraq strongly believes that addressing FFA through the cooperation among international society members has ever become so significant.在最后一段中，重复说道：Iraq calls on all member states to have further cooperation to carry out the Food for Assets Projects in extreme poor countries under the arrangement of World Food Programme.Moreover，Iraq emphasizes the vital role of the United Nations and believes the UN can formulate an ideal universal standard for all countries in need，especially conflicts occur.最后又再次强调说：Only when all member countries work together，can the cycle of hunger be broken and bring a golden future for all human.首段伊拉克提出建议，希望国际社会成员加强合作，推进食品换资产项目（Food for Assets Programme），体现出伊拉克对饥饿问题的立场。而尾段再次提出：只有当国家社会各个国家进行合作，世界饥饿圈才能被打破，最终消除饥饿问题。伊拉克代表通过重复，达到了加强语气的效果，吸引了其它国家代表的注意力，能够帮助其它国家了解和关注伊拉克的立场和观点。