第一篇:人教版实验教材七年级下册第一单元作文训练
人教版实验教材七年级下册第一单元作文训练(白美万)
“成长的烦恼”导引与示例
[小引]
亲爱的同学,不知你可曾发现,就在你不经意之间,妈妈为你买的合身的衣服总是在很短的时间就变得又短又小;不知何时,你已由小小稚童变成一个英俊少年,浑身洋溢着青春的活力。走在街上,常常迎来人们艳羡的目光。于是你豪情满怀、信心百倍地开始在心里勾划未来美好的蓝图。
但也许是因为你年轻,生活常同你开一些不大不小的玩笑,它就像钻进鞋子的小沙砾,又像漂亮衣服上不小心沾上的油渍,更像你那张鲜花般的娇颜上一不小心冒出的青春痘。渐渐地,一种叫做“烦恼”的东西便偷偷地潜入你心底,让你原本无忧无虑的生活泛起了阵阵苦涩,让你原本阳光普照的生活蒙上缕缕阴云。
现在,让我们一道来掀开“烦恼”神秘的面纱,认清它的庐山真面目吧!
[关于活动]
所谓“烦恼”,是指烦闷苦恼的意思。而“成长”则是指生物体长到成熟阶段或向成熟阶段发展。在成长过程中,我们每个人都会遇到大大小小的烦恼,面对烦恼,我们该怎样做呢?——为烦恼画一个句号。
要消除烦恼,我们不妨闭上眼睛,对自己的生活进行深入细致的反省,看看自己在学习、工作、生活中有哪些不入意的地方,把它一一罗列出来,进行一番清算。然后对其进行严格的剖析:或探寻烦恼的成因,或反思其中的教训,或总结解决的方法,探索避免烦恼的方略„„将这一番分析思考的结果用日记的形式记录下来,有利于我们为自己烦恼画上一个圆满的句号,从而放下包袱,轻装上阵,书写快乐人生。
——向父辈要一份经验。
俗话说:他山之石,可以攻玉。作为过来人,长辈们就是在不断破解烦恼中成长进步的,因此,长辈的经历对我们消除烦恼很有参考价值。为充分利用好亲人师长这一丰富的资源,我们可以当一回小记者,对他们进行一次采访,从中吸取有益的经验为自己的成长指引航向。当然,要使采访成功,事先最好将自己准备采访的内容列成提纲,聆听师长们对这些问题的看法和感受,或者和他们交流自己的看法,并把这些内容详细的记录下来,以备分析之用。有条件的同学还可准备录音机或数码录音笔等工具来帮助进行采访记录。
——给朋友开一剂妙方。
我们反思了自己遭遇烦恼的感受和教训,又借鉴了师长消除烦恼的经验和方法。当好友身陷烦恼需要帮助时,我们就可以将上述收获派上用场,给朋友开一剂消解烦恼的妙方。随着社会的发展,电话已经进入了千家万户,它成为人们交流沟通的重要联络工具,朋友之间的交流更是离不开它。只是在电话中劝慰朋友要注意言语的礼貌,态度的坦诚,感情的真挚,语意的明确,以让对方感受到友情的温暖与宝贵,从而鼓起好友的勇气和信心,驱除烦恼的阴影。如果觉得电话言不及意,还可用写信的方式来劝慰朋友。在信中,只要我们要设身处地站在对方的立场来谈论烦恼,或安慰鼓励、或现身说法、或提出建议,并注意情与理的结合,我们就一定能扫除朋友烦恼的阴霾。
[关于写作]
写好“成长的烦恼”话题类作文,可从以下几个方面入手。
一、中心要明。在成长过程中,我们会遇到很多烦恼,不能什么都写,写什么,不写什么,要看它是不是符合“成长”这一内涵,比如,在“在学习上花了很多精力,成绩却仍然不见提高”就比“别人一身名牌而自己没有”更难表现“成长”内涵,选来写成文章,自然会中
心更明确。
二、情感要真。“烦恼”本身就是一种抽象的内心情感体验,最忌矫情或平淡。因此写作中,我们不仅是要写出是什么烦恼,还要写出烦恼产生的原因,遇到烦恼时的内心感受,以及消除烦恼后的体会,把这些内容描写具体,文章的情感才真切动人。
三、文体入格。三个活动均运用到应用文,写作能否成功,从文体上看,首先要入格合体,即文章的形式要符合应用文体的要求。如日记的时间性较强,要求所写内容相对集中,写当天或最近遇到的烦恼;采访实录以对话问答的形式来展开内容,直来直去,中心明确,无需铺垫或渲染,给人痛快淋漓之感;书信则亲切可人,写法灵活自如,可宣讲故事,也可直抒胸臆。
[佳作看台]一
×月×日 星期三 天气 :晴
成都市大弯中学初07级9班 周维玲
今天,天气真好,太阳早早地就从山后露出红红的笑脸。我哼着小曲,骑着自行车,高高兴兴地向学校奔去。
一踏进教室,就见黑板右下角醒目地写着:数学作业:P22—28页;语文作业:两个片段,英语作业:背诵1—4课的单词„„各科作业犹如排山倒海一般猛扑过来,压得我喘不过气来。
还没等我把书包放下,急促的铃声就迫不及待地响起。语文老师夹着课本走进了教室,一堂生动的语文课开始了。身为科代表的我坐得端端正正,全神贯注地听课,一边还不停地记着笔记。老师提问,我不敢再像从前那样踊跃地举手了。每一个问题,不管多简单,我总要掂量好几遍,直到确信无误了才敢举手。要不,答错后被同学们嘲笑,那多难堪呀!可等我想周全答案时,那些问题,不是被其他同学捷足先登,就是老师早已转入下一个问题了。于是,听到老师对其他同学的表扬,我心里真不是个滋味。
下午第二节自习课,老师让我监督同学们默写课文。我坐在讲台上,两眼警惕地盯着同学们。大家都埋着头,刷刷地写着。这时,好友A向我悄悄招了招手,我慢腾腾地走到她的身边,她小声地问:“‘思而不学则殆’的‘殆’字怎么写?”我不禁犹豫起来:若不告诉她,她准会说我重“官”轻友;可告诉她吧,我不就辜负了老师对我的信任吗;再说,其他同学要是知道我徇私,那会怎么看我?一时间,我好为难,借口招呼纪律,赶忙逃回讲台。后来她被老师要求抄写错字5遍,她生气地对我说:“让你讲一个字,你都不讲,亏我还把你当好朋友!哼!这就叫当了官,忘了老朋友„„”我难过极了,难道我真的错了吗?
由于作业多,我不得不利用那可怜而短暂的课间十分钟来做作业,为此我拒绝了朋友们发出的一次次邀请,渐渐地,朋友们一个个离我而去。有时,当我从作业本上抬起头来,看到他们在走廓上有说有笑的亲热劲儿,我不禁倍感失落。
我是以第一名的成绩考入这所重点中学的。“第一名”这个称号给我带来了莫大的荣誉,可也给我带来了更大的压力。每次考试,别人总要拿我来比较,如果我考赢了,那是应该的,因为我是第一名;可要是我考砸了,别人就会说我原来的第一名是瞎猫撞上死老鼠。想到那些指指点点的目光,我就如芒刺在背一般,极不舒服。
唉!该怎么办呢?
惶惑中,我翻出日记本,准备向它诉说衷肠。扉页上题记跃入眼帘:
“走自己的路,让别人说去吧——但丁”。
我不由眼前一亮,心中横亘多日的块垒一扫而空。于是,我打开日记本,让钢笔在洁白的纸上跳起欢快的舞蹈„„
简评:本文成功之处在于:一是中心明确。文中描写了作者进入初中学习后遇到的烦恼:作业负担重、学习任务紧、职责和友情难以两全、学习的竞争压力等,这些烦恼都体现了“成长”的内涵,看似散淡,实则主旨鲜明,中心明确。二是内容真实。作者在文叙写的这些烦恼,相信同学们或多或少都遇到过,它就发生在我们身边,因而读来真实可信,富有浓郁的生活气息。
[佳作看台]二
给常君的一封信
成都市大弯中学初07级9班 赵时雨
常君:
你好!那天在电话里听你诉说到省城后遇到的烦恼,我真为你担心,你面临的烦恼我也曾经遇到过,但愿我的做法对你能有所帮助。
进入中学的第一天,我走进了新的班集体,这所国家级重点中学里聚集了来自各地优秀学生,我一个也不认识。坐在座位上,我不由产生了一种强烈的孤独感,下课了,别人都凑到一起有说有笑的,而胆小内向的我只能呆在教室里怔怔地发呆。
爸爸觉察到我的失落,便建议我要主动向同学们“推销自己”,让大家认识和了解我。机会来了,老师宣布要实行班干部竞选,让同学们毛遂自荐。我根据自己的特长,大胆报名竞选宣教委员,你知道我小学六年一直都在学习美术,办黑板报、手抄报是我的拿手好戏。尽管胜算很大,我仍不敢掉以轻心,班上可是藏龙卧虎啊,我精心撰写竞选演讲稿,还在家中对着镜子反复演练。竞选那天,我终于战胜了众多竞争对手,如愿以偿地担任班上的宣教委员。在接下来的工作中,我动员书写好、美术好的同学和我一起办班上的黑板报、手抄报,并在学校的评比中获得了高分。就这样,在与同学的合作中,我与好多同学们都建立了深厚的友谊。课余时间,我们经常在一起分享彼此间的好多小秘密呢。
经验告诉我们:要交到真正的朋友,还要求我们有一颗火热的心。同学遇到困难时,我们应及时伸出援助之手;别人取得好成绩时,我们不妨送上几句真诚的赞美;别人误解自己时,我们可冷静理智地解释;受到别人的责难,我们要豁达大度,相信时间会证明一切„„当然,我们也不能为了交到几个所谓的“朋友”而就不讲原则,而放弃自己的个性。要知道朋友是建立在平等、互助的基础上的,一味地迁就与忍让他人,是交不到真心朋友的。所以,坚持自己的原则,不违背自己的本性,是交朋友的前提。
常君,你以前不也是个大方、开朗、热情的人吗?只要你主动走近同学,积极参与到班集体活动中,向同学敞开自己的心扉,我相信,他们一定会接纳你,和你交朋友的。
常君,有位哲人曾说过,把你的快乐告诉朋友,你将获得双倍的快乐;把你的烦恼告诉朋友,你将减轻一半的烦恼。今后不管遇到了什么事,你都要多向老师、同学诉说,也可以给我打电话或写信,让大家分享你的快乐,分担你的烦恼。
最后希望你能早日适应新的环境,交到更多的新朋友!
祝
学业有成!
你的好朋友赵时雨
×年×月×日
简评:本文运用书信的方式对朋友的烦恼进行开解与劝导,作者没有一味地进行空洞的说教,而是结合自己的经历与体验,通过自己现身说法,既告诉了好友如何在新环境中去交新朋友,又告诉了好友化解烦恼有效办法,可谓一箭双雕。同时,作者还注意从正反两个方面对消除烦恼、结交朋友进行分析,使得文章入情入理,让人信服。
[构思范例] 拓展延伸,出几道相关的作文题目,并加上思路点拨等。
一、以“最近有点烦”或“我被烦恼撞了一下腰”为题,选取近期自己在家庭、学校、社会中遇到的一些烦恼的事,可以用片断连缀的形式来表现,写作中要注意选材典型,重点突出,详略得当。
二、以“,我想对你说”为题,先把题目填完整,可写与父母的冲突、老师的误解、同学的误会、异性交往的困惑等内容,写作中要写清烦恼的起因和自己的感受,以达到与对方交流沟通的作用。
三、以“烦恼发布会”为题,写全班同学交流烦恼的故事。可将发布会的场景和发布者的神态表情以及听众的反应和感受结合起来进行刻画,以增强文章的感染力。
四、以“烦恼的自述”为题,转换视角,展开想象,进行全新演绎,以体现文章的创新色彩。
第二篇:七年级第一单元作文训练
七年级(上)第一单元 作文训练指导
生活的浪花——记一件事
一、明确习作目标
1、真实地叙述自己生活中曾经发生过的事情,写出真情实感;
2、注意交代清楚记叙为六要素,完整地写好一件事;
3、明确叙述的中心,始终围绕中心选材;
4、记叙的详略要得当。
二、置身生活情境
亲爱的同学,这是你跨入中学大门后的第一次作文,一读到作文题“记一件事”,你的脑海里也许就涌起了一朵朵生活的浪花,好多好多的事浮上心头,那么,请你采撷一朵生活的浪花,用文字记下它,肯定就是一篇不错的记事文。
如果让我们打开记忆的闸门,一定会有无数的往事浮现在我们眼前:
平日成绩很好的我,在一次模拟考试中失利——
小学毕业在即,你和同学们准备开欢送会——
进入初中后,感觉自己的压力越来越大——
老师让调皮的大王来管班级的纪律——
广播操即将比赛,我们很懒散,老师生气了——
„„
你如果把活在心中的人、事、物、景变成一行行的文字,便是一篇洋溢着生命力的作文了。
三、自我感悟升格
我们经常写作文,可是平淡无奇,为什么呢?让我们来看看十分熟悉的一段文字吧!
有一天,我忽然想起,似乎多日不很看见他了,但记得曾见他在后园拾枯竹。我恍然大悟似的,便跑向少有人去的一间堆积杂物的小屋去,推开门,果然就在尘封的什物堆中发现了他。他向着大方凳,坐在小凳上,便很惊惶地站了起来,失了色瑟缩着。大方凳旁靠着一个蝴蝶风筝的竹骨,还没有糊上纸,将要完工了。我在破获秘密的满足中,又很愤怒他瞒了我的眼睛,这样苦心孤诣地来偷做没出息孩子的玩艺。我即刻伸手折断了蝴蝶的一支翅骨。又将风轮掷在地下,扁了。论长幼,论力气,他是都敌不过我的,我当然得到完全的胜利,于是傲然走出。留他绝望地站在小屋里,后来的他怎样,我不知道,也没有留心。
这段文字朴实无华,却让我们心灵为之一颤,展示了我少年时对弟弟精神虚杀的一幕,心中油然升起了悲哀之感。
这篇文章为什么会如此深深地感染我们呢?细心的同学一定会发现,这篇文章所叙述的都是自己亲身的生活经历,所抒发的都是真实的思想感情,都具有作者鲜明的个性风采,“文贵情真”,正因为这样才感染了每一位读者。
那么,应怎样才能写出自己真实而独特的感受呢?应努力做到:
首先,写作的作者要满腔热真情,只有以情驭文才会写出动人民心魄的文章。
其次,善于抓住并刻画生活细节,在此要注意交代清楚记叙的六要素,完整地写好一件事,如上文《风筝》的第四段对事件发生的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果都交待得很清楚。
最后要善于“扬长避短”,所选的材料能为中心服务。
总之,只要我们用心去感受,用情去记录,就一定会是一份闪烁着个性色彩的“精神产品”
四、范文分析:
一件后悔的事
有一件事,我想把它当面地告诉大家。可是,我却迟迟没敢。这件事,我永远也忘不了„„“对不起!对不起”我不停地说着,正为自己干的事儿感到愧疚!事情是这样的:一天晚上,妈妈叫我去倒垃圾,我爽快地答应了!可是,一到楼下,我就后悔了。天空遮住了月亮,天太黑了!于是,我不管三七二十一,就把垃圾放在张大爷的门口中,以便快速回家。一回家,妈妈就问我:“垃圾呢?”我撒了个谎:“倒了!”妈妈半信半疑地问:“真的吗?”我这是理直气壮但又心虚地回答:“真的,我没骗你,我真把垃圾倒了!”
第二天,张大爷一开门,就发现门口有一个垃圾袋,里面装满了许多垃圾。他四处寻问左邻右舍,都没有人承认。一放学,有人说:“是谁呀!这么缺德,把垃圾袋放到别人的门口,让别人来扔。”我一听见,像个老鼠似的溜进家门,鬼鬼祟祟地跑进房间,正为自己做的错事想办法。忽然,有人拍了拍我的肩膀,我吓了一跳,转过身来,原来是妈妈。她说:“做错了事,就应该承认错误,不能撒谎和欺骗别人。俗话说的好:若要人不知,除非己莫为!”妈妈的话使我恍然大悟。这下使我认错的决心就更大了!
我敲了敲张大爷的门,他开了门就欢迎我,说:“哟!这不是子山吗?怎么有空到你张大爷的家来玩呢?”我一下子流出了眼泪,想不到,张大爷对我如此厚爱,我却还伤害他!他说:“莫哭莫哭!有什么不开心的事情给张爷爷说说。”我一五一十地把这件事讲给了张爷爷听!他说:“哦!原来是你搞的鬼,其实,我早已经知道了!那天,你放垃圾在我门口,我偷偷的在‘猫眼’里看到了!爷爷为你知错就改的精神而感到欣慰。因为,你已经长大了!知道做错了是自己要勇于承认!”我做出了伤害张爷爷的事,可是爷爷他却不记仇,反而还原谅了我,我真应该学习张爷爷这样博大的胸怀,宽容别人的好品质。
这就是我做的蠢事,也是我最后悔的事。这件事终于说出来了,我真后悔当初不应该那样做,真不应该啊!„„
1、事情的顺序。
① 开头简洁,自然入题
② 事件起因简单明确:晚上倒垃圾,倒在张爷爷家门口。
③ 事件经过清晰: 通过妈妈教育,我决定认错。
④ 事件重点记叙详细:我向张爷爷认错,张爷爷原谅了我。
⑤ 结尾点明中心,照应标题。
2、重点:从字数上就可以看出来,哪段的内容更多,哪段就是重点。
同学们,看看作者的详略是怎么安排的?
详(详写):哪些事情详?找出来。
略(略写):哪些事情略?找出来。
3、开头,说说你对这篇文章开头的看法:
你能换一个更好的开头吗?试一试,写在本子上。
你觉得开头与下文的联系如何?谈一谈自己的理解。
4、结尾,谈谈你对这篇文章结尾的看法。
如果是你写,你是怎样结尾的?试一试,写在本子上。
5、你觉得这篇文章的语言怎么样?谈一谈你的体会。
你能写出更好、更生动的句子吗?
6、除了这个题目,你还可以换其它题目吗?换一换。
题目换了后,有哪些地方在要做相应的调整、修改呢?
试一拭,换一个题目,并把____________做相应的调整、修改。
五、动情快速作文
在瞬间短剧中,一丝不经意的表情,一句未推敲的话语,一个下意识的动作,都能体现世人的心态,世人的性格,这个时候展示在世人面前也许就是未经粉饰的“真我”,抓住这样的瞬间,瞄准微妙人性,刻画多元世相,就能写出优美文章。
主题:以一件事为题,写一篇记叙文。
要求:①题目自拟。
②按一定的顺序把过程写清楚。
③重点突出,语句通顺。
④能抒发自己的真情实感。
⑤字数不少于600字。
题目参考:
《我_____,但我很_______》《最伤人的是误会》《为自己自豪》《都是童心惹的祸》《让人______的一件事》《生活中的美》 《雨中的友情》《我为家人_________》
《微笑的怀念》《假如还有第二次》《无言的爱》 《无奈的眼泪》《阳光总在风雨后》《无声的爱》《第一次挨骂》《那一次,我_______》等
六、紧扣要点评改
你是否觉得这次文章特别有真情实感?你写完后有一种畅快淋漓感觉呢?为了使自己的作文“锦上添花”应进行自我评价并修改。
(1)你觉得叙事是否清楚、明白?
(2)是否凝注了全部情感?
(3)是否在选材上围绕中心?
(4)你的认识是否提高,感悟到真善美吗?
七、要把文章写好,还应该注意养成良好的写作习惯:
⑴动笔前,进行整体构思,列出写作提纲。
⑵打草稿,并进行认真修改。
⑶把修改好的草稿誊写清楚。
⑷平时多观察,多进行课外练笔。
第三篇:人教七年级语文下册第六单元复习资料
一、生字新词
第六单元复习资料
巢(cháo)
瞅(chǒu)
雏(chú)
呷(xiā)
垂蔓(chuí màn)眼睑(jiǎn)
眸子(mïu)
流泻(liú xiè)
斑斑驳驳(bān bó)生意葱茏(shēnɡ yì cōnɡ lïnɡ)细腻(nì)
信赖(lài)
肌腱(jī jiàn)逞能(chěnɡ)恍惚(huǎnɡ hū)甜腻(nì)
娴熟(xián)进退维谷(wãi)略胜一筹(lüâ chïu)眼花缭乱(liáo)
狩猎(shòu)
剖开(pōu)
对峙(zhì)姑妄(ɡū wànɡ)
湛蓝(zhàn)
苍穹(cānɡ qiïnɡ)
铰(jiǎo)
劝诱(yòu)抽搐(chù)
沟壑(hâ)
不羁(jī)
叽叽喳喳(jī zhā)
呵斥(hē chì)咆哮(páo xiào)
掠(lüè)
觑(qù)
鬣(liè)
剽悍(piāo hàn)
疆场(jiānɡ)驯良(xùn)
勇毅(yǒnɡ yì)窥伺(kuī sì)疮痍(chuānɡ yí)枉然(wǎnɡ rán)
阔绰(kuò chuî)
观瞻(zhān)
妍丽(yán lì)庇荫(bì yìn)
遒劲(qiú jìng)
犷野(ɡuǎnɡ)
畸形(jī)
颚骨(â)慷慨以赴(kānɡ kǎi yǐ fù)
相得益彰(zhānɡ)
驾驭(jià yù)束缚(shù fù)鞍辔(ān pèi)
侮辱(wǔ rǔ)
妒忌(dù jì)
眷恋(juàn)缀(zhuì)窘(jiǒnɡ)
苫蔽(shàn bì)
倚(yǐ)
弛(chí)
眈(dān)瞑(mínɡ)
暇(xiá)
劈(pī)
毙(bì)
尻(kāo)
寐(mèi)诱(yòu)
黠(xiá)
顷刻(qǐnɡ kâ)
二、词语解释
斑斑驳驳——原指一种颜色中杂有别的颜色,这里有颜色深浅不一的意思。生意葱茏——形容草木生机盎然,茂盛青翠。眼睑——眼皮。
眸子——原指瞳仁,这里泛指眼睛。悲怆——非常悲伤。娴熟——熟练。茂盛——(植物)生长得多而茁壮。比喻经济等兴旺。
细腻——①细致光滑。②(描写、表演等)细致入微。信赖——信任并依靠。蓬松——形容草、叶子、头发、绒毛等松散开。享受——物质上或精神上得到满足。滚圆——非常圆。境界——①土地的界限。②事物所达到的程度或表现的情况。进退维谷——无论是进还是退,都是处在困境之中。维,是。谷,穷尽,指困境。略胜一筹——比较起来,略微好一些。筹,筹码,计数的用具。
对峙——相对而立。逞能——显示自己能干。沉郁——低沉郁闷。目瞪口呆——形容受惊而而愣住的样子。秩序井然——有条理,整齐而不混乱。力不从心——心里想做,可是力量办不到或能力够不上。迥然不同——形容差别很大,一点也不同。迥,差得远。眼花缭乱——眼睛看见复杂纷繁的东西而感到迷乱。
抽搐——肌肉不自觉地收缩的症状。这里指(心灵)因痛苦而颤抖。
石破天惊——原形容箜篌的声音,忽而高亢,忽而低沉,出人意外,有不可名状的奇境。这里用来形容声音大得惊人。
不羁——不受束缚。胆怯——胆小;畏缩。厉声呵斥——大声或粗暴地责骂。苍苍莽莽——无边无际的样子。咆哮——(猛兽)怒吼。剽悍——勇猛,强健。慷慨以赴——毫无私心,毫不吝惜得前往。窥伺——暗中观察情况。羁绊——这里指马笼头。疮痍——创伤。
阔绰——豪华奢侈,排场大。观瞻——具体的形象给人的印象。项鬣——马脖子上的长毛。庇荫——遮挡阳光的树木等。遒劲——雄健有力。妒忌——对比自己强的人心怀怨恨。
相得益彰——指两个人或两件事物互相配合,使二者的能力、作用、好处能得到充分展示。益,更加。彰,明显。
觑——看。驯良——和顺善良。和婉——温和委婉。眷恋——(对自己喜爱的人或地方)深切地留恋。抖擞——振作。畸形——生物体某部分发育不正常;泛指事物发展不正常,偏于一方面。有过之无不及:(相比起来)只有超过的,没有不如的(多用于坏的方面)。
三、文学常识
26.《猫》选自《郑振铎文集》作者郑振铎,福建长乐人,现代作家、文学家、翻译家,我国新文化运动的倡导者之一。
27、《斑羚飞渡》是我国当代最著名的动物小说家沈石溪动物小说中的精品。
28、《华南虎》是“七月诗派”重要成员牛汉 创作的具有浓厚象征色彩的一首诗。
29、《马》的作者布封,法国博物学家、作家。他用40年的时间写成36巨册的《自然史 》。
30、《狼》选自短篇小说集《聊斋志异》,作者蒲松龄,字留仙,别号柳泉居士,是清 代人。“聊斋”是 书房名,“志”的意思是 记述,“异”在标题中的意思是奇异的故事 ;这个书名的意思是 在“聊斋”的书房里记述奇异的故事。
四、课文扫描
26.猫
1.本文中写到的三只猫各有怎样的来历、性格、结局,“我”养猫的心情又是怎样的?
第一只猫:从隔壁邻居家要的,性格活泼、可爱,最后病死。“我”感受到生命的新鲜和快乐,猫病死后又感到一缕酸辛。
第二只猫:母亲从舅舅家要来的,性格更活泼,更可爱,最后被路人抱走。“我”更加快乐,又担心,最后怅然、愤恨。
第三只猫:张婶从门口拾来的,性格忧郁、懒惰,最后被冤枉、误打,流浪而死。“我”不喜欢,不注意,最后痛苦、内疚。2.本文表达了怎样的主题?
呼唤以爱心、同情心、正直、公正之心对待弱小的生命,对自己以偏见而冤屈弱小生命的反思与自责。3.文中为什么要写第一与第二只猫?
写前两只猫,以“我”对它们的疼爱反衬出“对”第三只猫的偏见、歧视,突出了第三只猫的悲惨命运,突出了“我”的痛苦和悔恨,突出了主题;写前两只猫的亡失,也为写“我”收养第三只猫作了铺垫。4.“自此,我家永不养猫。”这个结尾在内容和结构上有什么作用?
突出了“我”对因为偏见而冤枉第三只小猫的痛苦和内疚,突出了主题。总结全文,也与开头形成首尾呼应。
5.“我”依据什么判断第三只猫吃了小鸟?
①猫常常凝望鸟笼中的鸟;②“我”找到猫时发现它嘴里吃着东西;③找猫很不容易,认为它“畏罪潜逃”;④猫一向吃得胖胖的,很贪吃。
6.第14段,“自此,我家好久不养猫”表现了“我”怎样的情感?
对两只可爱、活泼的小猫或亡或失的深深的悲痛。7.赏析语句:
(1)花白的毛,很活泼,如带着泥土的白雪球似的,常在廊前太阳光里滚来滚去。(第1段)
比喻,形象地写出小猫毛色的漂亮和它的活泼、可爱,进而表现出“我”对它的喜爱之情。(2)„„它便扑过来抢,又扑过去抢。(第1段)
动作描写,生动地表现出小猫的活泼、可爱以及“我‘对它的喜爱之情。8.理解语句的含义:
想到它的无抵抗的逃避,益使我感到我的暴怒、我的虐待,都是针,刺我良心的针。(第30段)一想到猫的弱小和它遭受的冤屈,我就感受到自己的偏见、粗暴,并为此而感到无比的痛苦与内疚。9.分析下列词语的作用:
(1)我坐在藤椅上看着他们,可以微笑着消耗过一两个小时的光阴„„(第1段)消耗:突出了“我”与猫相处的时光快乐而易逝。
(2)有一次,居然捉到一只肥大的鼠„„(第3段)
居然:突出了“我”对于第二只小猫能捉到老鼠的惊喜,进而表现出对小猫的喜爱之情。(3)它躺在露台板上晒太阳,态度很安详,嘴里好像还在吃着什么。我想,它一定是在吃着这可怜的鸟的腿了,一时怒气冲天„„
好象:表明“我”对猫嘴里吃东西看得并不清楚,只是一种猜想,表现出“我”对它的偏见,为后文写“我”冤枉了小猫作了铺垫;一定:“我”并未看清就认为猫儿吃鸟,突出了“我”判断的武断和对猫儿的偏见,也突出“我”认定猫儿吃鸟的愤怒。10.为什么“我”对第三只猫的亡失比前两只猫更难过?
前两只猫并非因为“我”的过失而亡失,可第三只猫却是因“我”的偏见、冤屈和虐待而死,“我”又没有改过的机会,所以“我”有着深深的痛苦、内疚。11.第11段提到的周家丫头和过路人有怎样的形象?
周家大丫头事不管己高高挂起,十分自私冷漠;路人随意将他人的小猫捉走,也是自私而不顾及他人的感受的。
12.第18段,“妻道:‘张婶,留心猫,它会吃鸟呢。’”这句话有什么作用?
写出了妻对小猫有偏见,同前文猫儿凝望鸟笼相呼应,也为后文“我们”冤屈小猫作了铺垫。13.第22段,“一定是猫,一定是猫!”这句话有什么作用?
突出了“我”认定猫吃鸟儿的愤怒,进而表现出“我”的武断和偏见,为后文“我”误打猫儿作了铺垫。
27.斑羚飞渡
1.文中几次写彩虹,有什么作用?
三次:
一、斑羚身陷绝境时彩虹出现;
二、斑羚飞渡时彩虹相映;
三、头羊走向“那道绚丽的彩虹”。作用:
一、渲染一种神秘色彩并推动情节发展。头羊之所以想出飞渡的办法,或许就是受了彩虹的神秘启示;
二、烘托飞渡的气势,渲染了飞渡的悲壮美;
三、渲染头羊自我牺牲的崇高之美。
2、山涧上空,和那道彩虹平行,又架起了一座桥,那是一座用死亡做桥墩架设起来的桥。(为什么说那座桥是“用死亡做桥墩”?)
因为每一只获得新生的斑羚,都是以另一只的斑羚身体为跳板完成飞渡的。是这些必死的斑羚组成了新生的桥,所以说是“用死亡做桥墩”。
3.我十分注意盯着那群注定要送死的老斑羚,心想,或许有个别滑头的老斑羚会从注定死亡的那拨偷偷溜到新生的那拨去,但让我震惊的是,从头至尾没有一只老斑羚调换位置。(“从头至尾没有一只老斑羚调换位置”一事为什么让“我”感到震惊?)
“我”是个猎人,参照人类在此种情景下常有临阵脱逃的表现,所以震惊。
4、它走了上去,消失在一片灿烂中。
这句话用美丽的彩虹与镰刀头羊从容走向死亡的残酷现实形成鲜明的对比,也是用美丽的彩虹象征镰刀头羊的美好心灵,更是镰刀头羊行为和精神的闪光。
这叫声与我平常听到的羊叫迥然不同,没有柔和的颤音,没有甜腻的媚态,也没有绝望的叹息。此句中的三个“没有”构成排比,写出了镰刀头羊叫声的不同寻常,也暗示下文有不寻常的事情发生。
28.华南虎
“华南虎”这一标题,揭示了诗歌描写的主要意象,非常醒目。诗人以华南虎作为象征,表现的是自己在困境中不屈的人格和对自由的渴望。
这首诗按照参观动物园的老虎的整个过程为顺序,描写了华南虎的形象,表现了华南虎维护尊严、向往自由、蔑视世俗、威武不屈、勇于抗争的个性,有着不屈的生命、执著的灵魂,给人以深刻的思考。虎的形象描绘真实,以虎喻人,例如:“是屈辱的心灵在抽搐吗?”中的“屈辱”含有两层意思:一是为自己的尊严被践踏、自由被剥夺而感到“屈辱”;二是深层含义,即为生活在这个自由被剥夺、人格被侮辱的世界而感到“屈辱”。重难点句子
1.笼里的老虎,背对胆怯而绝望的观众。
诗句中的“观众”是一个没有人格和自我意识的群体。他们只是一群苍白、概念化的符号。他们“胆怯”是因为他们卑微,即便是面对老虎威严的背影时,都深感恐惧。“绝望”指他们用各种手段想逗引老虎而它一概不理。
2.灰灰的水泥墙壁上/有一道一道的血淋淋的沟壑。
这句话暗示华南虎为自由做过怎样的勇士般的无畏但却徒劳的反抗。可是,华南虎仍然会不屈不挠不悔的抗争下去,因为抗争是它活下去的全部寄托和现实意义,是它高贵灵魂的有力呈现。
3.你是梦见了苍苍莽莽的山林吗?
华南虎是向往自由的,壮阔、博大的“苍苍莽莽的山林”才是它灵魂和力量的家园。4.我羞愧地离开了动物园。
在华南虎这“不羁的灵魂”面前,我感到了自己人生的卑微,心灵的堕落。5.我看见了火焰似的斑纹/和火焰似的眼睛,还有巨大而破碎的滴血的趾爪!
这句话在诗的结尾,是全诗的总结,再次提到“斑纹”“眼睛”“趾爪”,给人一个整体的印象。“滴血的趾爪”是这首诗的“核”,是诗人感情的爆发点。诗结尾的这个特写,极容易让诗人与读者进一步体会到那个时代屈辱灵魂的不屈抗争的精神。
6.诗人笔下的这只老虎具有怎样的个性?
文中的华南虎有美丽的容貌和强健的形体,在牢笼里,它依然维护着自己的尊严,向往着自由,表现出高贵的灵魂,它是一只身陷囹圄,但却维护尊严、向往自由、蔑视世俗、威武不屈、勇于抗争的老虎。
29.马
这是一篇介绍马的科学小品,也是一篇优美的散文。作者描写了马的形象,也由马生发出情感。题目提示了文章所写的内容。
采用对比的写法,描绘了马在两种生存状态下的不同形象,字里行间,流露出作者对“在无垠的草原上”“自由自在地生活着的马匹”的由衷赞美,对“被人养育”“经过训练”“供人使用”的马的深刻同情。
30.狼
《狼》这篇短文,描写了屠户和两只狼搏斗的整个过程,狼在整个故事的发展过程中一直处于主导地位,狼是主要“人物”,而屠户是次要人物。
这则寓言故事,以狼为主线,通过叙述屠户如何战胜狼的故事,表现了狼的贪婪、狡诈和愚蠢凶恶的本性,最后用议论点明了主旨:无论狼多么狡诈阴险,最终都会被机智勇敢的人所战胜。
重难点句子
1.骨已尽矣,而两狼之并驱如故。
这句话以简练的语言写出了狼狡猾、恶毒、凶狠和贪得无厌,同时,“并驱如故”也照应了前文的“缀行甚远”这句话,使行文严谨。
2.一狼径去,其一犬坐于前。
这句话以凝练的语言写两只狼的动作、行为,到此,紧张的气氛似乎缓和了许多,殊不知这其中却隐含着更大的阴谋!极其形象地表现了狼的阴险、狡诈。
3.久之,目似瞑,意暇甚。
这句话及其生动、形象的刻画出了狼狡猾的本性,使人有身临其境的感受,这一神态极具有迷惑性,让人们对狼的本性有了更深的认识。
4乃悟前狼假寐,盖以诱敌。
这句话照应了“目似瞑,意暇甚”,是本文的点睛之笔,突出了狼这一形象。5.方欲行,转视积薪后,一狼洞其中,意将隧入以攻其后也。
此句主要体现了屠户具有很高的警惕性,同时,也进一步表现了狼的狡猾,前狼“假寐”惑敌,后狼打洞,待时机成熟,前后夹击,令人惊奇。重点段落
1.对第三自然段段的诠释。
“屠大窘”,危急关头,屠户思想斗争激烈。他明白怕死是不行的,退让是无用的。于是,他找到战斗场地,迅速占据有利地势,准备与狼搏斗。“弛担持刀”显示其果断抉择,“狼不敢前”是屠户敢于斗争的初步效果,“眈眈相向”表明狼不甘罢休。这一层是屠户御狼,双方进入相持阶段。
2.第四自然段的诠释。
这一段写了屠户的勇敢警觉和狼的阴险狡诈。狼是狡诈的,当屠户自己妥协转入防御时,两狼耍起了花招,一狼用“假寐”来蒙骗屠户,一狼假装“径去”,暗中从积薪后面打洞,真是狡猾至极!但是狼又是愚蠢的,“假寐”的狼由于“目似瞑,意暇甚”,为屠户“以刀劈狼首”创造了时机,打洞的狼由于“身已半入,止露尻尾”,使屠户轻易的“断其股”。这一段是故事的高潮和结局。
第四篇:2013年新版人教英语七年级下册单元配套作文
2013版七年级下册单元配套作文
七下Unit 1Can you play the guitar?
Victor and Cindy are in Green Music Club.Victor is twelve years old.He is English.He is good at playing the piano.He likes Beijing Opera.He often goes to see Beijing Opera on Sundays.Cindy is thirteen years old.She is an American girl.She is good at playing the guitar.She likes different kinds of guitars very much.七下Unit 2What time do you go to school?
My name is Li Hong.I study at No.6 Middle School.At school I have a friend.His name is Jim.We get up at six in the morning.We go to school at seven ten.Classes begin at seven thirty.We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.After school we play games.We often play football.We go home at about five.We do our homework in the evening.We go to bed at around nine fifty.七下Unit 3How do you get to school?
Getting to places can sometimes be difficult ,especially(特别)when you are going to a place for the first time.In big cities, many people take buses, trains or subways to get from one place to another.Buses are a popular mean of transportation.If you are using a bus, you need to know which bus to take and where you can get on.In the countryside, transportation can be much simpler(更简单的).In some places, people get to school or work by boat.Some children ride in long boats on the river to get to school.In other places, students walk to the school.七下Unit 4Don’t eat in class.We have different kinds of rules in our classroom.As a student we must follow them.Students cannot bring food into the classroom because our classroom is a place for us to study.The food may make our classroom dirty.And we can’t study well when one is eating.Don’t run or fight in the classroom.It’s quite dangerous because we may get hurt(受伤的).We need a quiet place for study.Don’t listen to music in the classroom.Listening to music may disturb(打扰)others.七下Unit 5Why do you like pandas?
My parents and I like animals.And we often go to the zoo to see them on weekends.We often take a bus to go there, because my home is kind of far from the zoo.Of all the animals, I like tigers best.Sometimes I want to give some meat tothem.But my parents don’t let me do it.Sometimes I think animals in the zoo may want to go back to the forest.But I also think zoos are good places for animals.People give them food, so they’re not hungry every day.Do you think so?
七下Unit 6I’m watching TV.There is a park near my home.People like to go to this park after work.Some of them go to the park every day.Look!That is Mr.King.He is sitting on a chair and watching the children.Some children are playing a game.Some boys are playing football.Lucy and Lily are standing under a tree.They are talking.There is a small river in the park.We can see boats on the water.Some children are sitting in the boats with their parents.Listen!A girl is singing.This is a really nice park.I come here after school every day.七下Unit 7It’s raining!
We often talk about the weather.If we want to know about the weather, We can turn on the radio and listen to the weather report.We can also turn on the TV and watch Weather Forecast.And we can ask other people in two different ways:” What’s the weather like today?” or “How’s the weather today?” Sometimes we can call at 121 for the weather.When it’s cold, we shiver and need to wear warm clothes and scarves.When it’s hot, we need a cool place and want a cold drink.七下Unit 8Is there a post office near here?
Dear Frank,I’m very glad you are arriving in my city at 3:00 p.m., this Saturday.Now let me tell you the way to the White Cloud Restaurant.I will(将要)meet you there.Take a taxi from the bus station and go down New Bridge Avenue.Go across the big bridge.When you see a bank, turn right and go through Bank Street.You will pass three one-way avenues: Sixth Avenue, Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue.When you see a big McDonald’s, turn left.Then go along Green Avenue until(直到)you see New Park.Turn left and go down Center Street.The White Cloud Restaurant is on your right.I hope you can have a good trip.Yours,Mike
七下Unit 9What does he look like?
I’m Tom.My best friends are John and Ann.We do many things together.John lives near my house and we are in the same class.He’s fifteen years old and he’s tall and slim.He has blond hair and blue eyes.He’s polite and very clever.He’s very good at math and he sometimes helps me with my homework.He usually wears jeans and a T-shirt.We also play basketball at a nearby(附近的)park together and sometimes we play video games at my house after school.Our friend Ann isn’t in our school.She’s short and slim with straight brown hair and brown eyes.She’s a little bit shy.We all have kung fu lesson every Tuesday and Friday afternoon.Ann is really good at kung fu.We call her the “kung fu kid”.She sometimes plays basketball with us, too.She often wears a dress, a T-shirt and a baseball cap.The three of us have great fun together.七下Unit 10I’d like some noodles.A Special gift
Alan is eleven years old.And it is his first time to come to China to visit his grandparents.Today is Sunday.It’s his eleventh birthday.He gets up early and he wants to buy some food for his birthday party in the afternoon.He sees a big bowl of noodles on the table when he comes out of his bedroom.It is a bowl of egg and tomato noodles.Alan usually eats bread for breakfast in America.He likes egg and tomato noodles, but he wants to know why Grandma cooks noodles this morning.“It is your birthday today,” says Grandma.“In China, eating noodles on your birthday means you can live longer.We call noodles changshou noodles.I hope you live a happy and healthy life.”
“Thanks, Grandma.I think it’s the first special gift I get for my birthday,” says Alan.七下Unit 11How was your school trip?
Mike’s summer vacation
On July 18th,2012, Mike and his parents went to Qingdao, a city in Shandong for summer vacation.Qingdao is a beautiful city with sea.It was about 12:00 when they arrived there on the first day.They found a hotel and had a short rest.It was really hot and they decided to go to the beach.At about 3:30 pm, they got to the beach.There were many people there.Some were lying on the beach and many children were playing in the water.Mike was playing with them and he was very happy.His parents also felt relaxed.About two hours later, they went back to the hotel.On the second day, it rained all day.Mike visited the history museum with his father and his mother went shopping.On July 20th, they went to Laoshan Mountain in the morning and took a bus home in the afternoon.They were tired but happy.七下Unit 12What did you do last weekend?
Tony’s Sunday
Tony got up at eight o’clock and then had his breakfast.His mother cooked his favorite food---chicken noodles for him.After breakfast, Tony began to do his homework.He didn’t have too much homework, because teachers wanted them to have a good rest during weekends.At thirty past nine, Tony read his favorite book Harry Potter.It was really a great book.After that, he listened to Jay’s songs.At eleven, he went to his friend Mike’s party at KFC.They were very happy because they ate their favorite food-hamburgers.Lunch was over at about one thirty in the afternoon.Then they all went to see a new movie.This was Tony’s Sunday.He really had a good time.
第五篇:2013年新版人教英语七年级下册单元配套作文
2013年新版新目标英语七年级下册单元配套作文
七下Unit 1Can you play the guitar?
Victor and Cindy are in Green Music Club.Victor is twelve years old.He is English.He is good at playing the piano.He likes Beijing Opera.He often goes to see Beijing Opera on Sundays.Cindy is thirteen years old.She is an American girl.She is good at playing the guitar.She likes different kinds of guitars very much.七下Unit 2What time do you go to school?
My name is Li Hong.I study at No.6 Middle School.At school I have a friend.His name is Jim.We get up at six in the morning.We go to school at seven ten.Classes begin at seven thirty.We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.After school we play games.We often play football.We go home at about five.We do our homework in the evening.We go to bed at around nine fifty.七下Unit 3How do you get to school?
Getting to places can sometimes be difficult ,especially(特别)when you are going to a place for the first time.In big cities, many people take buses, trains or subways to get from one place to another.Buses are a popular mean of transportation.If you are using a bus, you need to know which bus to take and where you can get on.In the countryside, transportation can be much simpler(更简单的).In some places, people get to school or work by boat.Some children ride in long boats on the river to get to school.In other places, students walk to the school.七下Unit 4Don’t eat in class.We have different kinds of rules in our classroom.As a student we must follow them.Students cannot bring food into the classroom because our classroom is a place for us to study.The food may make our classroom dirty.And we can’t study well when one is eating.Don’t run or fight in the classroom.It’s quite dangerous because we may get hurt(受伤的).We need a quiet place for study.Don’t listen to music in the classroom.Listening to music may disturb(打扰)others.七下Unit 5Why do you like pandas?
My parents and I like animals.And we often go to the zoo to see them on weekends.We often take a bus to go there, because my home is kind of far from the zoo.Of all the animals, I like tigers best.Sometimes I want to give some meat tothem.But my parents don’t let me do it.Sometimes I think animals in the zoo may want to go back to the forest.But I also think zoos are good places for animals.People give them food, so they’re not hungry every day.Do you think so?
七下Unit 6I’m watching TV.There is a park near my home.People like to go to this park after work.Some of them go to the park every day.Look!That is Mr.King.He is sitting on a chair and watching the children.Some children are playing a game.Some boys are playing football.Lucy and Lily are standing under a tree.They are talking.There is a small river in the park.We can see boats on the water.Some children are sitting in the boats with their parents.Listen!A girl is singing.This is a really nice park.I come here after school every day.七下Unit 7It’s raining!
We often talk about the weather.If we want to know about the weather, We can turn on the radio and listen to the weather report.We can also turn on the TV and watch Weather Forecast.And we can ask other people in two different ways:” What’s the weather like today?” or “How’s the weather today?” Sometimes we can call at 121 for the weather.When it’s cold, we shiver and need to wear warm clothes and scarves.When it’s hot, we need a cool place and want a cold drink.七下Unit 8Is there a post office near here?
I’m very glad you are arriving in my city at 3:00 p.m., this Saturday.Now let me tell you the way to the White Cloud Restaurant.I will(将要)meet you there.Take a taxi from the bus station and go down New Bridge Avenue.Go across the big bridge.When you see a bank, turn right and go through Bank Street.You will pass three one-way avenues: Sixth Avenue, Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue.When you see a big McDonald’s, turn left.Then go along Green Avenue until(直到)you see New Park.Turn left and go down Center Street.The White Cloud Restaurant is on your right.I hope you can have a good trip.Yours,Mike
七下Unit 9What does he look like?
I’m Tom.My best friends are John and Ann.We do many things together.John lives near my house and we are in the same class.He’s fifteen years old and he’s tall and slim.He has blond hair and blue eyes.He’s polite and very clever.He’s very good at math and he sometimes helps me with my homework.He usually wears jeans and a T-shirt.We also play basketball at a nearby(附近的)park together and sometimes we play video games at my house after school.Our friend Ann isn’t in our school.She’s short and slim with straight brown hair and brown eyes.She’s a little bit shy.We all have kung fu lesson every Tuesday and Friday afternoon.Ann is really good at kung fu.We call her the “kung fu kid”.She sometimes plays basketball with us, too.She often wears a dress, a T-shirt and a baseball cap.The three of us have great fun together.七下Unit 10I’d like some noodles.A Special gift
Alan is eleven years old.And it is his first time to come to China to visit his grandparents.Today is Sunday.It’s his eleventh birthday.He gets up early and he wants to buy some food for his birthday party in the afternoon.He sees a big bowl of noodles on the table when he comes out of his bedroom.It is a bowl of egg and tomato noodles.Alan usually eats bread for breakfast in America.He likes egg and tomato noodles, but he wants to know why Grandma cooks noodles this morning.“It is your birthday today,” says Grandma.“In China, eating noodles on your birthday means you can live longer.We call noodles changshou noodles.I hope you live a happy and healthy life.”
“Thanks, Grandma.I think it’s the first special gift I get for my birthday,” says Alan.七下Unit 11How was your school trip?
Mike’s summer vacation
On July 18th,2012, Mike and his parents went to Qingdao, a city in Shandong for summer vacation.Qingdao is a beautiful city with sea.It was about 12:00 when they arrived there on the first day.They found a hotel and had a short rest.It was really hot and they decided to go to the beach.At about 3:30 pm, they got to the beach.There were many people there.Some were lying on the beach and many children were playing in the water.Mike was playing with them and he was very happy.His parents also felt relaxed.About two hours later, they went back to the hotel.On the second day, it rained all day.Mike visited the history museum with his father and his mother went shopping.On July 20th, they went to Laoshan Mountain in the morning and took a bus home in the afternoon.They were tired but happy.七下Unit 12What did you do last weekend?
Tony’s Sunday
Tony got up at eight o’clock and then had his breakfast.His mother cooked his favorite food---chicken noodles for him.After breakfast, Tony began to do his homework.He didn’t have too much homework, because teachers wanted them to have a good rest during weekends.At thirty past nine, Tony read his favorite book Harry Potter.It was really a great book.After that, he listened to Jay’s songs.At eleven, he went to his friend Mike’s party at KFC.They were very happy because they ate their favorite food-
Lunch was over at about one thirty in the afternoon.Then they all went to see a new movie.This was Tony’s Sunday.He really had a good time.