第一篇：一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
时态是各种考试中经常考查的内容，学习者容易混淆的三组时态是：一般过去时和现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。现在我们就谈谈一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。
一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态，这种动作或状态可能只发生过或存在过一次，也可能是经常性的。在含有一般过去时的句子中通常有表示过去的时间状语，常见的有：yesterday,last month,in 1999,two days ago等。同时也要注意过去时在语境中的运用，在没有明确时间状语的情况下，大家对过去时判定往往容易出错，原因是只凭汉语意思不看语境。语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示“现在已不再这样”。例如： I didn’t know you were here.我不知道你在这里。
I never thought he would do that.我从没想到他会做出这样的事。
现在完成时所表示的动作虽然发生在过去，但与现在有联系。它既可表示到现在为止已完成的动作，又可表示没有完成的动作的动作，现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语，如：already,yet,just,ever,so far,up to now,in the past five years等。现在完成时不能和表示过去特定的时间状语，如yesterday,last month,three years ago,in 1989等连用；但可以和表示不确定时间的状语，如：ever,never,just,not„just等连用，也可以和包括this
week,today等在内的时间状语连用。
一般过去时和现在完成时可以从以下几方面来区分。
首先，从一般过去时与现在完成时对现在情况的影响来区分。一般过去时所表示的过去一段时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有联系。它所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没有联系。现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出、现在以前的、过去某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情对现在产生的结果或影响。
其次，从与一般过去时和现在完成时搭配的时间状语来区分。一般过去时常用的状语有：yesterday,last night,two days(months,weeks)ago,at that time等；现在完成时常用的状语有：already,just,yet,never,before等；表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有：today,now,lately,recently,in the last/past few days/years,since then,up to now,so far（至今）等。
最后，请比较下面几组句子，以体会两种时态的不同。He served in the army from 1952 to 1954.He has served in the army for 5 years.I saw Hero last year.I have seen Hero before.综上所述，在区分一般过去时和现在完成时时，要重点区分时间状语和句中的谓语动词对现在的影响。
第二篇：一般过去时与现在完成时区别
一、现在完成时
1.现在完成时的构成：助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
2.现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。
We are good friends.(现在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）
We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）
（1）表完成和结果：动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?
在我不饿了）
（2）表持续：从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如：He has taught here since 1981.（可能还要继续教）
（3）表经验：说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever,never, three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语
（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last
Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未”等。
如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见
过。
He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。
d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。
例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你见过他吗？我 没有。
How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？
（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时
刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come, arrive, buy等
短暂性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由
短暂性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive →be herebegin(start)→be ondie →be deadcome back →be back
leave →be awayfall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up →be up1-Yes, I have.I've just had it.（现
go out →be outfinish →be overput on →wear 或be onopen→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of„close →be closedgo to school →be a student
borrow →keepbuy→havecatch(a cold)→have(a cold)get to know →know
begin to study →studycome to work →work等
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
4.几点注意事项
（1）have been(to)与have gone(to)的区别：have been(to)表示去过某地（现在已经回来了）；have
gone(to)表示去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两
次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。
（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。
如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去
世已有两年了。
（3）短暂性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语
连用。
如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。
(4)表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，用现在完成时，要加表示一段时间的时间状语时，常
用 for＋一段时间, since＋时间点，since+一段时间+ago.如：I have lived here since my childhood.我从小就一直住在这里。
(5)在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用 how long。如：How long have you lived here?
注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态使用是不一样的。如：
I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了一周。
I have lived here for a week by now.到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一周。
I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。
二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，与现在没有关系。
I have just been to London.I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。
1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调
过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，„ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间
状语
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in
past years, always,3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, work, study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。
---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?---He's already been sent for.句中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、练习题
1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made„have triedB.made„have triedC.has made„triedD.made„tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “
A.learned„hasB.learned„didC.has learned„hasD.has learned„did
3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!
A.has got„isB.has climbed„wasC.got „wasD.climbed„is
4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did„copy„didB.Have„copied„haveC.Have„copied„didD.Did „copy„had
5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”
A.did„get„shoutedB.has„got„shoutedC.did„get„has shoutedD.has„got„has shouted
6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?
A.Have „seen„did„see
C.Have„seen„have„seenB.Did „see„did„watchD.Did „see„have„seen
7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept„waitedB.have kept„waitedC.kept„have waitedD.have kept„have waited
8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has„been„has gone B.has„gone„has beenC.did„go„wentD.did„be„went
9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has„cried„has stoppedB.Is„crying„stopped
C.Did „cry„stoppedD.Is„crying„has stopped
10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew„have livedB.knew„liveC.know„have livedD.know„live
11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have„gone toB.Have„gone inC.Have„been toD.Have „been in
12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at
13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined„isB.has joined„has beenC.had joined„isD.had joined „has been
14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came„have sentB.came„had sentC.come„have sentD.had come„sent
15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went„tookB.went„had takenC.had gone„tookD.had gone„had taken
16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found„had beenB.had found„wasC.found„had beenD.found„was
17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches„has got B.reached„had gotC.reached„gotD.had reached„got
18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote„heardB.wrote„had heardC.had written„heardD.have written„hear
19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say„had stoppedB.said„has stoppedC.say„stoppedD.said„had stopped
20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get„had hadB.got„had hadC.had got„had hadD.got„hadn’t had
21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew„arrivedB.had flown„had arrivedC.flew„had arrivedD.had flown„arrived
22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says„has rainedB.says„had rainedC.said„had rainedD.said„rained
23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked„knewB.had worked„had knownC.worked„knewD.worked„had known
24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got„had waitedB.got„waitedC.had got„waitedD.got„had waited
25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it？-The day before yesterday.A.have； seenB.will； seeC.did； seeD.did； seen
26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live
27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.A.planted； plantedB.planted； have plantedC.have planted； plantedD.have planted； have planted
28.—I’m sorry, Cathy, I ______ your radio for such a long time.—Never mind.A.have borrowedB.have lentC.have keptD.have returned
29.—Where have you ______ these days?—I have ______ to Yangzhou with my friends.A.been, goneB.been, beenC.gone, beenD.gone, gone
30.—Where is your father? We haven’t seen each other for weeks.—______.A.He has been to America
B.He has gone to EnglandD.He would visit my grandparentsC.He is going to Australia
31.They have ______ since the factory opened.A.left the schoolB.joined the teamC.become workersD.worked here
32.Jim ______ the Great Wall many times.A.went toB.goes toC.has gone toD.has been to
33.It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.A.was, movedB.was, have movedC.is, have movedD.is, moved
34.—______ to the United States?—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you beenB.Have you goneC.Did you goD.Will you go
35.I won’t go to see the film tonight because I ______ my ticket.A.didn’t loseB.have lostC.will loseD.didn’t have
36.Miss Wu has taught in this school ______.A.for ten yearsB.ten years agoC.since ten yearsD.for ten years ago
37.I ______ today’s homework already.What about you?
A.have finishedB.finishC.to finishD.finishing
38.—Ann has gone to Shanghai.—So ______ her parents.A.hasB.hadC.didD.have
第三篇：一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题
一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题
一、现在完成时
1.现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
2.现在完成时的用法
现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。We are good friends.(现在的情况）
I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）
We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）
（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。-Have you had lunch yet?
-Yes, I have.I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如：He has taught here since 1981
他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）
I haven't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。
（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。
如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语
（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。
d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。
例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你见过他吗？我 没有。
How many times have you been there this year?
今年你去过那里多少次？
（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on
die→be deadcome back→be back
leave →be awayfall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)
get up→be upgo out→be out
finish →be overput on→wear 或be on
open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…
close→be closedgo to school→be a student
borrow→keepbuy→have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know
begin to study→studycome to work→work等
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
4.几点注意事项
（1）have been(to)与have gone(to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。
（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。
如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有两年了。（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。(4)表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，用现在完成时，要加表示一段时间的时间状语时，常用 for＋一段时间, since＋时间点。
I have lived here since my childhood.我从小就一直住在这里。
I have lived here for 10 years.我在这已经住了10年了。
(5)在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用 how long
How long have you lived here?
注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态使用是不一样的。如：
I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了一周。
I have lived here for a week by now.到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一周。
I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。
二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。
I have just been to London.I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。
1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?
---He's already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、练习题
1.A.用 already或 yet
1)Have they taken down the old pictures ___yet___? No, not ___haven’t_______.2)Most of us have finished our compositions _____阿拉ready___
3)He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____yet___.B.用 since或 for
1)We have learned five lessons __scince____ the beginning of this term.2)Mrs Liao has been in hospital ___scince___last week.3)I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.C.用have gone或 have been
1)Where are the boy students ? They _____ to the school factory.2)Is your father in ? No, he ____ to Shenzhen._______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times
3)He asked me if I_____ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I ____ never ____ to that city before.2.选择填空
1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made…have triedB.made…have triedC.has made…triedD.made…tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “
A.learned…hasB.learned…didC.has learned…hasD.has learned…did
3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!
A.has got…isB.has climbed…wasC.got …wasD.climbed…is
4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…haveC.Have…copied…didD.Did …copy…had
5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”
A.did…get…shoutedB.has…got…shouted
C.did…get…has shoutedD.has…got…has shouted
6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?
A.Have …seen…did…seeB.Did …see…did…watch
C.Have…seen…have…seenD.Did …see…have…seen
7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept…waitedB.have kept…waitedC.kept…have waited D.have kept…have waited
8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has…been…has gone B.has…gone…has beenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…went 9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has…cried…has stoppedB.Is…crying…stoppedC.Did …cry…stoppedD.Is…crying…has stopped
10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew…have livedC.knew…liveC.know…have livedD.know…live
11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have…gone toB.Have…gone inC.Have…been toD.Have …been in
12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at
13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined…isB.has joined…has beenC.had joined…isD.had joined …has been
14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came…have sentB.came…had sentC.come…have sentD.had come…sent
15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went…tookB.went…had takenC.had gone…tookD.had gone…had taken
16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found…had beenB.had found…wasC.found…had beenD.found…was
17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches…has gotB.reached…had gotC.reached…gotD.had reached…got
18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote…heardB.wrote…had heardC.had written…heardD.have written…hear
19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say…had stoppedB.said…has stoppedC.say…stoppedD.said…had stopped 20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get…had hadB.got…had hadC.had got…had hadD.got…hadn’t had
21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew…arrivedB.had flown…had arrived
C.flew…had arrivedD.had flown…arrived
22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says…has rainedB.says…had rainedC.said…had rainedD.said…rained
23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked…knewB.had worked…had known
C.worked…knewD.worked…had known
24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got…had waitedB.got…waitedC.had got…waitedD.got…had waited
25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it？
-The day before yesterday.A.have； seenB.will； seeC.did； seeD.did； seen
26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.A.planted； plantedB.planted； have plantedC.have planted； plantedD.have planted； have planted 练习答案：
1.A.1)already, yet2)already3)yet
B.1)since2)since3)since
C.1)have been2)has gone, Has, been, has been3)have been, have been
2.BDACAADBDCCDDBCABCDBDCADCBB
第四篇：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
1.现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作, 但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系, 如
对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时则表示动作发生在过去，一般不表示和现在的关系。试比较：① Who has opened the door?谁把门开了？（现在门还开着）
Who opened the door? 谁开的门？(指过去，与现在无关。现在门是关着还是开着，没有说明。)② — Have you had your lunch?你吃过午饭没有？（意即你现在不饿吗？）
— Yes, I have.吃了。（意即我现在饱了，不要再吃了。）
— When did you have it? 你什么时候吃的？（说话人感兴趣的是“吃”这一动作发生在什么时候。）
2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday, once, last week,...ago, in
1980, in October, just now等具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till/ until, up to now, in past/last years, always等不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：
this morning, tonight, this April, now, ever, before, already, recently, lately等。
3.现在完成时表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know等。
过去时常用的非延续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。eg.① I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。)
② He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
句子中如有一般过去时的时间状语（如yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
第五篇：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系，一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等
现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , lastweek , amomentago等）连用。
现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类：
⑴现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。
⑵现在完成时常与recently（近来），sofar（到目前为止），inthe past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。
⑶现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。
⑷现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），threetimes（三次），severaltimes（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。
有时候是根据表时间的关键词来判断，如果没有的话，就看是着重于问一个过去的事实还是表示强调已经完成了对现在产生一定影响了这个事件。
你提出的问题：你还记得你上次去中国旅游是什么时候吗？（它本身就是问现在是否记得嘛，所以说一般用一般现在时，不存在用过去式和完成式）
did you remember sth.表示你过去某个
时候记得/记起某件事没有。have you remembered sth.表示你（已经）记住了某件事没有。
谓语动词的构成(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”。如：
看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？
① Have you seen the film?(A)
Did you see the film?(B)
[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
② How has he done it?(A)
How did he do it?(B)
[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。
③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)
He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)
[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。
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