一般过去时和现在完成时练习、答案、语法总结

第一篇：一般过去时和现在完成时练习、答案、语法总结

一般过去时（simple past tense）

一、单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

()1． My father ___________ ill yesterday．

A． isn'tB． aren'tC． wasn'tD． weren't

()2．___________your parents at home last week﹖

A． IsB． WasC． AreD． Were

()3． Thetwins ___________in Dalianlast year． They __________ here now．

A． are;wereB． were;areC． was;areD． were;was

()4． __________ yesterday﹖

A． Was;beforeB． Is;beforeC． Was;afterD． Is;after

()5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖

—___________．

A． I amB． I wasC． Yes, I wasD． No, I wasn't

()6.I cleaned my classroom ___________.Awith three hoursBthree hours ago

Cin three hoursDthree hours before

()7.I ________ _______ ________ my house two days ago.Acome back toB came back toC comes back toD is back to

()8.___________?He did some reading at home.AWhat does your father do yesterday evening

B What does your brother do in the school

C What did your brother do over the weekend

D Where did your brother go last Sunday

()9.What did you do ________? I went to the movies.A next morningB at weekends

C last weekendD next Monday

二、用正确动词形式填空。

1.I _________(have)an exciting party last weekend.2._________ she _________(practice)her guitar yesterday?No, she _________.3.What ________ Tom ________(do)on Saturday evening?

He ________(watch)TV and __________(read)an interesting book.4.They all _________(go)to the mountains yesterday morning.5.She _________(not visit)her aunt last weekend.She ________(stay)at home and _________(do)some cleaning.6.When ________ you _________(write)this song? I __________(write)it last year.7.My friend, Carol, ________(study)for the math test and ________(practice)English last night.8.________ Mr.Li __________(do)the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________.9.How _________(be)Jim's weekend? It _________(be not)bad.10.________(be)your mother a sales assistant last year? No.she __________.三、翻译下列句子。

1.我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。

I _________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend.2.Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。

Jenny likes _________ __________.She _________ an English book last night.3.Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。

Emma__________ TV every day.But he _________ ________ ________ yesterday.4.上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。

What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?

They _________ __________ homework and _________ __________.5.今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。

This morning Fangfang.had to cook breakfast because his father _____ _____ ____

yesterday.6.为什么你昨晚看电视？ Why _______ you _______ TV last night?

7.他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。

When he ______ the classroom, he ______ a watch on the ground.8.他什么时候出生的？1980年。---When _______ he _______?---_______ 1980.四、改写句子：

1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改为否定句）

Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge.（改为一般疑问句)

___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?

3、There was some orange in the cup.（改为一般疑问句)

_______ there _______ orange in the cup?

4.Frank read an interesting book about history.（改为一般疑问句）

_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?

5.Why not go out for a walk?（写同义句）

_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?

6.Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book.（写否定句）

Thomas______ _____RMB 10 on this book.（就划线部分提问）

________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?

8.Sally did some reading last morning.（改为否定句）

Sally _______ ______ some reading last morning.总结：

动词变化规则

1.直接加ed：work--worked ,2.以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live--lived以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study studied

4以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy enjoyed以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed： stop stopped

一般过去时的时间状语

1.yesterday(morning, afternoon, evening)2.the day before yesterday

3.last night(week, Sunday, weekend, month, winter, year, century）

4.ago5.in 1980(过去年份）

6.this morning/afternoon/evening7.when引导的状语从句（过去）

8.in the past9.just now

10.the other day--a few days ago11.at the age of 10(过去年龄段）

12.in the old days

Be 动词的一般过去时态

（1）在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词，am is 的过去式为was;are的过去式

为were.句子结构：__________________________________

如：I was late yesterday.（昨天我迟到了。）

（2）否定句句子结构：__________________________________

如：We weren't late yesterday.(我们昨天没迟到)

（3）疑问句句子结构：__________________________________

如： Were you ill yesterday?（你昨天病了吗？）

肯定回答： Yes, I was.(是的，我病了。)否定句： No, I wasn't.(不，我没病。)

（4）特殊疑问句句子结构：__________________________________

如：When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？

实义动词的一般过去时态

肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式

did.（1）肯定句为：__________________________________

如： I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.（我昨天九点钟回的家。）

（2）否定句：__________________________________

如：I didn't go home yesterday.(我昨天没回家。)

（3）疑问句：__________________________________

如： Did you go home yesterday?(你昨天回家了吗？)

肯定回答： Yes, I did.(是的，我回了。)否定回答：No, I didn't.(不，我没

回家。)

助动词和情态动词过去式如下：

shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数will―would（将要）用于所有人称can—could（能，会）may―might（可以）must―must（必须）

have to―had to（不得不）

助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。

例： I had to do my homework yesterday.(昨天我不得不做作业。)

答案：

一、单项选择：1--5 CDBAB6--9BBDC

二、1.had2.Did;practice;didn't

3.did;do;watched;read4.went5.didn't visit;stayed;did

6.did write;wrote7.studied;practiced8.Did;do;did

9.was;wasn't10.Was;wasn't

三、1.spent a busy but2.reading books;read

3.watches;didn't watch TV4.did;do last;did their;went shopping

5.wasn't at home6.did;watch7.cleaned;found8.was;born;In

四、1.didn't do2.Did;find any3.Was;any

4.Did;read5.Why don't you go6.didn't spend

7.where did your;go8.didn’t do（总结）

1、Be动词：（1）主语+was(were)+表语（2）主语+was(were)+not+表语

（3）Was(Were)+主语+表语（4）特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语+表语

2、实义动词：（1）主语+动词过去式+宾语（2）主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语

（3）Did +主语+动词原形+宾语

现在完成时（present perfect tense）

一、单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

()1.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten

()2.—Our country______ a lot so far.—Yes.I hope it will be even ______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;good C.has changed;betterD.changed;better

()3.Zhao Lan ______already______in this school for two years.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying

()4.We ______ XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew

()5.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I______ it twice.A.willseeB.have seenC.sawD.see

()6.—______ you ___ yourhomeworkyet ?

—Yes.I _____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished

C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish

()7.Hisfather______ thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.has joinedC.was inD.has been in

()8.—Do you know him well ?

—Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.A.wereB.have beenC.have becomeD.have made

()9.—How long have you____ here ?

—About two months.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived

()10.Hurryup!Theplay __________ fortenminutes.A.has begunB.had begunC.has been onD.began

二、用正确动词形式填空。

1.____ you ever __________(travel)on a train before?

2.---____ Wei Hua _____(come)yet?

---Yes.She_______(come)already.She ______(come)just now.3.---How long _____you __________(learn)English?

---For more than two years.4.They _______________(live)in China since they _____(move)to China.5.______ you _______(read)today’s newspaper yet?

6.I_______ already _______(see)the film.I _________(see)it last week.7.-----_______ he ________(finish)his work today ?------Not yet.8.-----_____you _______(be)to Hong Kong ?

----Yes, I ________________(be)there twice.9.-----_______ you ever ________(eat)chocolate sundaes ?----No, never.10.My father ____ just ________(come)back from work.He is tired now.三、翻译下列句子。

1.吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

Jim _______ _______ _______his homework already.He _______ _______ now.2.他昨天收到一封信。

He_______a letter yesterday.3.我父亲以前到过长城。

My father_______ _______ _______the Great Wall before.4.她还没有看过那部新电影。

She _______ _______ the new film yet

5.她去过上海。

She _______ _______ _______ Shanghai.6.他这些天上哪儿去了？

Where _______ _______ _______these days？

四、改写句子：

1.I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)

I ______ ________ been to Macau before.2.He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问)

________ ________ ________ _________ learned English ?

3.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改写)

I _______ just ________a new bike.4.We began to learn English three years ago.(写同义句)

We _______ _______ English ________ three years.就划线部分提问)

_______________ he_______ here?

6.The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)__________________________________

7.Mr.Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（写同义句）

Mr.Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999.8.Two of the scientists have been to the North Pole.(改为疑问句)

__________________________________

总结：

现在完成时：过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

现在完成时的时间状语

现在完成时是一个与过去时间和现在时间都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样特征的时间状语都可以与现在完成时连用，具体情况有以下几种：

1.与表示一段时间的状语连用，如“ for ＋时间段”，“ since ＋时间点”。

例：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years.We have lived in this city since 1958.从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为 stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep 等具有延续性意义的动词。

2.与笼统表示过去时间的状语连用，如 already, never, ever, just 等。含有这类时间状语的句子，其谓语动词表示句中的行为或动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响。

例： I've just found this library book.3.与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如 lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far 等。例： How have you been recently ？

注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去时间的状语连用，如 yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago 等，因为它们与现在毫无关联。比如我们不能说： Han Mei has seen the film two days ago.因为 two days ago 是单纯指过去的一个时间点，只说明“看”这一动作是在两天前发生的，与现在无关。但是，只要将它改为 since two days ago 就可以用在现在完成时的句子里了，因为它已经含有从过去到现在的时间段的意义了。

句型基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词如 done

①肯定定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.例句：__________________________________②否定句：主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+宾语.例句：__________________________________

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.例句：__________________________________

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）例句：__________________________________

第二篇：一般过去时和现在完成时对比练习

一，按要求改写句子。

1, They have already had lunch.(改为一般疑问句)

（就划线部分提问）

3, Lily and Lisa have heard the news.(改为否定句)

4, We have painted the room for 8 hours.（就划线部分提问）

5, never, been, Turkey, the, engineers, have, to, before.（连词成句）

二，完成下列句子。

1,--Have you typed the letter for the boss?

--Yes, I_____the letter an hour ago.2,--I want to see the Great Wall because I_____never_____it before.3, Mary_____(lose)her way, so she must ask for help.4,--Have you found the lost pen?

--Yes.I_____it when I cleaned the room.5, _____he make an appointment the day before yesterday? 6, The seaman_____away from his home for 3 months.7, Miss Chang is not here.He has _____to the airport to the

airport to meet his friends.8, Tim has_____in Australia for six months.9, I know why you _____(tell)Lucy the news last night.10, Could you tell me what they _____(say)to you two days ago?

第三篇：现在完成时和一般过去时专项练习

现在完成时和一般过去时专项练习

一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.--_____ you _____(have)lunch yet?---Yes，---When____ you _____(have)it?---I______(have)it at 12:00.2._____ she _____(write)a letter to her aunt yet?Yes, She__________(write)it the day before yesterday

---Not yet.4.I _________(sing)the English song before.5.I ____ never _____(see)him before.6..She_____ just _____(ride)a horse?

7.Tom with his mother _________(shop)just now..8.Sam ________(go)to school by bike last year.9.My brother _______(join)the army in 1999.10.My brother _______(be)in the army since1999.11.John_________(not watch)TV last night.12.She ______(do)her homework already.13.Where is Jack? He______(go)the park.14.I _________(read)the magazine yesterday.16.We_______(play)football five hours ago.17..Mike ______ already ______(finish)the work.18.We ___________(run)out of money.What shall we do?

19.I _____ just ______(lose)my math book.21.My father _____ never____(eat)ice cream.22.I __________(work)here since 1995.23.The_______(teach)English since they to this school.24.We __________(learn)1000 words so far.25.Tom ____________(be)away for three days.He will come back tomorrow.26.The teacher _________(leave)two days ago.27.The teacher______(be)here since two days ago.28.---_____ you ______(clean)the room yet?--Yes, we __________(do)that already.--When _______ you ______(do)it?---We _______(do)it an hour ago.29.---______ he ______(see)this film yet?--Yes,he _____.--When _____ he _____(see)it?--He ____ it last week.30.I _________(read)the book twice.It’s interesting.31—Where’s she?

.--She ________(go)to Pairs.--How ______she ______(go)there?--She _______(go)there by air._(improve)their environment.33.Mr Chen _____(give)up smoking last year.34.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking since last year.35.It’s ten years since I ________(meet)her.36.This is the most interesting book that I_________(read).37.She _________(work)in this hospital in 2005.38.She _________(work)in this hospital since 2005.39.I __________(clean)my room two hours ago.40.I ________(clean)my room since two hours ago.41 The old men ____________(live)in the house for ten years.(go)the shop.43.The sun ________(rise)since five o’clock.44.I’m sorry I’ve already_______(forget)your name.45.My leg _______(hurt)a lot last night.46.They ________(eat)a lot of chichen already.______(give)the book back to the library?--Not yet.48.My uncle _______(teach)English for ten years.He loves his job.49.I ________(spend)five hours watching TV last weekend.50.He’s just _______(tell)us a story.二、按要求变换句型。

1.I have already eaten the food.(否定句)2..We have ever read this book..(否定句)

3.The plane has arrived.(否定句)

4.She’s lent some money to others.(否定句)5.She has already visited her aunt.（一般疑问句并肯定回答）

6..My father has already hadlunch.（一般问句并否

定回答）

7.I have ever read this story.（一般问句并肯定回答）

8.He’s ever ridden a horse.（一般问句并否定回答）

9.He took photos in the park.（一般问句并否定回答）

10.She’提问)

提问)提问)提问)提问)

15.I’ve been a teacher 提问)16.She’提问)提问)提问)19.He was a worker three years ago.(改成现在完成时)

He_____ ____ a workerthree years ago.20.We began to study English five years ago.(改成现在完成时)

We______ _____ English since five years ago.21.He bought the bike in 2005.(改成现在完成时)He_____ ____ the bike_____ 2005.22.The teacher left two hours ago.(改成完成时)The teacher_____ ______ ____since two hours ago 23.．(对划线部分提问)

_______________ _____ Maria and Jane waited at the airport?

24.Jim left Chongqing 3 days ago because of his new work．(改为同义句)

Jim has _______________ from Chongqing for 3 days because of his new work．

25.She’s already gone to England.(否定句)She ____________ to England ________.26.They’ve left there.(一般疑问句)______ they _______ there?

27.I’ve been a teacher 提问)____________ you ______ a teacher?

28.He was a worker three years ago.(用since three years ago改写句子)

He_____ ____ a worker since three years ago 29.The teacher left two hours ago.(用since two hours ago改写句子)

The teacher____ ____ ____since two hours ago 30.The film ended an hour ago.(同义句)The film____ _____ _____ for an hour.31.The old man died five days ago.(同义句)The old man_____ _____ ____ for five days..32.我们买这本书三年了.We ____ ______ the book for three years 33.他感冒三天了.He ____ _____ a cold for three days 34电影开始了一小时了

The film _____ _____ ____for an hour 35自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.I ______ ______ the book since last week 36.Mr.Black死了三年了

Mr.Black _____ _____ ______ for three years 37.自从三年前以来Tom就离开了中国。

Tom _____ _____ _______from China since three years ago.提问)39.He put the ice into the blender(提问)

三．改错

1.We hasn’t finished the work already.______ 2.We have worked in Beijing ago._________ 3.Have you eat your dinner? _____________ 4.My mother has bought her computer for threeyears._________

5.How long have you borrowed this book?___ 6.I have read this book since I arrive here.____ 7.She has taught here since ten years._______

8.He’s never come to Chongqing, neither is his

四、用have/has been to, have /has gone to, have/has been in 填空

1.Mike and his parents ______ the north for half a year.2.Mum is not at home now.She _______ the shop.3.______ you ever _____ to Kunming? Never.4.Where _____ you ______ these days? 5.-Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,-He ____ here for several days.6.Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________.7.Hi Jim!Where ____ you ____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.五、用for或since填空

1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _____ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _____several years.6.It’s five years _______ we met last time.7.They’ve watched TV play ______ nine.六、单项选择

（）1.--Where’s Jim?

--He ___ to the shop.He’ll be back in an hour.A.went B.has beenC.has goneD.will go()2.I don’t think I____ you wear that dress before.A.have seenB.seeing C.sawD.see()3.－Is your father in?

－No, he _______ for three hours.A.was not B.has been outC.went out D.has gone out

()4.Have you finished the task ______?

A.justB.alreadyC.yetD.never()5.— _____ you ____ your homework yet ?—Yes.I _____ it a moment ago.A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish()6.—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months.A.been B.gone C.come D.been in

()7.—I have been to the zoo twice.How about

you,Mike?---_______.A.Me tooB.Me eitherC.Me neitherD.I don’t ,either

()8.--I haven’t been to the Great Wall.--_________.A.Me too B.Me either C.Me neither D.so have I()9.—Mary is very tall.--____.A.So her father isB.So is her mother

C.Neither is her mother D.Neither her mother is()10.The two old friends ____ each other for years．

A．haven’t seenB．didn’t seeC．weren’t seenD.aren’t seeing

()11.I ________ to Canada twice.It’s so beautiful.A.won’t goB.have goneC.don’t goD．have been()12.My aunt isn’t here．She _______ Shanghai on

business．

A．goesB．has gone toC．has been toD．will go to

()13.— Rita, your Chinese is very good.--______ have you been in China?--Since I was five.A.How long B.How far C.How soonD.How often()14.—____you ____the film Harry Potter 5? —Not yet.I’ll see it this Sunday.A.Did, see B.Are, seeingC.Have, seen D.Do, see too

()15.Miss Gao _____ this school since 1996.A.has come to B.came toC.has been in D.has been to

()16.Miss Green isn’t in the office.she____ to the

library.A.has gone B.wentC.will goD.has been()17.My parents _____ Shandong for ten years.A.have been inB.have been to C.have gone toD.have been

()18.My father _____ Shanghai twice.A.has been toB.has been inC.has gone toD.has gone in()19.Did you______ the story?

A.hear from B.hear ofC.hearD.hear in(all the time.A.walkB.walking C.to walkD.walked

()21.Our teacher, Miss Chen, _____ English on the radio the day before yesterday.A.teachesB.taughtC.will teachD.had taught()22.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I ____ it twice.A.will seeB.have seenC.sawD.see()23.— ______ you _____ your homework yet ?—Yes.I _____ it a moment ago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;have finishedD.will;do;finish()24.His father ______ the Party since 1978.past two years.A.is writing B.was writingC.wroteD.has written

()35.—Our country ______ a lot so far.—Yes.I hope it will be even ___.A.has changed;well B.changed;goodC.has changed;better D.changed;better()36.—These farmers have been to the United States.—Really? When ___ there?

A.will they go B.did they go

A.joinedB.has joinedC.was inD.has been in

C.do they goD.have they gone()25.Linda _______ the museum after school

yesterday.()37.—Do you know him well ? A.was going toB.has been to

— Sure.We _____ friends since ten years ago.C.went toD.has been in

A.wereB.have been

()26.The girl _________ a tour guide since she left

C.have becomeD.have made the school.A.have beenB.wasC.has beenD.is()38.The factory _____ since 1987.()27.Have you ____ heard of Disneyland ?

A.opened B.has opened

A.alwaysB.everC.neverD.often

C.was openedD.has been open

()28.Hurry up!The play _____ for ten minutes.()39.I’ll lend you my bike, but you can only __ it

A.has begun B.had begun C.has been on D.began

for two days.()29—Will you go shopping this afternoon or

A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.take tomorrow morning,Nancy?

--________ is OK.I am busy all the time.I()40.It _____ ten years since he left the army.really have no time.A.isB.hasC.willD.was

A.NeitherB.either C.BothD.All

()41.Miss Green isn’t in the office.she____ to the

()30.She will have a holiday as soon as she _____

library.the work next week.A.hasgoneB.wentC.will goD.has been

A.finishes B.doesn’t finish

()42.My parents _____ Shandong for ten years.C.will finishD.won’t finish

A.have been in B.have been toC.have gone to D.()31.Both his parents look sad.Maybe they

have been

____what'happened to him.()43.My father _____ Shanghai twice.A.knewB.have known

A.has been to B.has been in

C.must knowD.will know

C.has gone toD.has gone in

()32.He has _____ been to Shanghai, has he ?

A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still

()33.Have you met Mr Li ______?

A.justB.agoC.beforeD.a moment ago

()34.The famous writer __one new book in the

第四篇：一般过去时和现在完成时

一．一般将来时： _____________________________________The door bell is ringing.Ok, I will answer the door.Mom is busy cooking.I will help.Be going to 表将来：

(1)Basketball is my favorite.I am going to be a basketball player someday.(2)Debbie is going to swim across the England channel tomorrow.(3)She is going to set out from the French coast at five o’clock._____________________________________

(4)Look at the clouds.There is going to be a storm.(5)These two groups of people are angry here.They are going to conflict with each other._____________________________________

(6)He is staying in his cousin’s for a week.(7)I am leaving for London next week._______________________________.二．_____________________在时间或条件状语中的_____ 表将来

(1)Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims to England.(2)I will be meeting her at the station when she arrived tomorrow.(3)If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.(4)if he lets you go without a ticket, you will be very lucky.三．_____________ 在 _____________中表将来

(1)The sports meeting takes place On October 18.(2)The train leaves at eight every morning from this station.四．现在完成时（have/has done）

表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。

We have had our breakfast.我们已经吃完饭了。

表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since, for连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。HHHHHHHHHHHHjjj Hjkasjfklasjfklasdjl;fj he He has been in Hong Kong for ten years.He has learned English for six years.He has learned English since 1997.强调不久前刚刚完成的动作。常与yet(用于否定和疑问句), just, already连用，谓语动词是终止性动词。

He has just gone out.I have already finished my lunch.与一般过去时的区别。一般过去时表示事情发生在过去，不强调与现在的关系，与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时强调与现在的关系、对现在的影响，不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。

现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）。动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在。How long have you been collecting shells? Have you been skating for five hours?

现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

没有时间状语时，前者表示动作__________，后者表示动作___________。The students have been preparing for the exam.The students have prepared for the exam.有时间状语时，前者表示动作__________，后者则不知道是否________ We have been living here for ten years.We have lived here for ten years.

第五篇：一般过去时和现在完成时

1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间,现在干什么和你和我和大家无关,只是说明他以前去过.)

2.现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(是过去买的,但着重点是现在,现在有了一台新电脑了.已经买了,不用再买了.)

3.两种时态的区分

(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”。

(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。

看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？

① Have you seen the film?(A)

Did you see the film?(B)

[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。

② How has he done it?(A)

How did he do it?(B)

[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。

③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)

He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)

[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。

如果你只是要陈述你做了什么，陈述的东西和目前状况没有太大影响，就用一般过去时。比如说 i washed the plate.我洗盘子了，topic基本到此打住，基本没有下文。还有一种最简单的过去时情况就是，如果别人用过去时问你，你自然要用过去时回答。

但是你要用现在完成时，效果就不一样了。

i have washed the plate.我已经洗好盘子了。强调做过，完成了。还有意思是，既然我已经洗好盘子了，我就该干什么什么了，或者你就应该履行什么承诺之类的，你可以好好感觉一下，这个语感是和汉语通用的，我感觉。

过去完成时就是强调，在过去的那个点，我已经完成了

现在完成时用法解析

1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。

2.用法

（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：

-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,I have.I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）

（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）

I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。

（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。

如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

3.现在完成时的时间状语

（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last

Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗？我 没有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去过那里多少次？

（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on

die→be dead

fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be upgo out→be out

finish →be overput on→wear 或be on

open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…

close→be closedgo to school→be a student

borrow→keepbuy→have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→studycome to work→work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。

4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：

I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）

I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）

5.几点注意事项

（1）have been(to)与have gone(to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for twoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。

（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这

when, while和as的用法：

（1）三者均可表示“当……的时候”，如果主句谓语动词表示的是短暂的动作，而从句表示的是一段时间，三者可以通用。例如：

I met an old friend of mine as / when / while I was walking along the street.（当我沿街散步时，碰见了我的一个老朋友。）

（2）as和when引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以是终止性动词，while引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词一般是延续性动词。例如：

It was raining hard when we got to the airport.（当我们到达机场时，天正下着大雨。）（不能用while 引导）

（3）as强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；while强调主句谓语动词表示的动作持续于while从句所指的整个时间内；when可以指主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时或先后发生。例如：

She sang as she went along.（她边走边唱。）

Please listen to me carefully while I read.（我朗读的时候，请仔细听。）

When he reached home, he had a little rest.（回到家以后，他休息了一会儿。）

also，too

这两个词都是副词，又都表示“也是”的意思，但在修辞意味和使用场合上有所不同。它们的区别如下：

（一）一般说来，also用于比较正式（formal）的场合，语气比too庄重； too是惯熟（familiar）的用语，使用范围较广。

（二）also在句中的位置要紧靠动词； too在句中的位置比较灵活，有时插入句中，前后用逗号分开，有时放在句末。

（三）too只能用在肯定句中，不可用于否定句内。在否定句中，只能用either；also则可以用在否定句中。

下面请看例句：

The Hong Kong Chief Executive also heads the university as Chancellor．

香港行政长官也以（大学）校监身份领导大学。

Reading books is learning，but application is also learning and the more important form of learning． 读书是学习，买践也是学习，而且是更重要的学习。

We have not heard such a thing．，we also have never seen such a scene．

我们没有听见过这种事情，我们也从来没有见过这种场面。

请注意，一般说来，also在句中的位置应紧靠动词，但有时为了强调其意，也可以将它放在句首或句末。Here，too，the colon must be followed by a dash．

这里也一样，应当在冒号之后加破折号。

Mary，too，can play the piano．

玛丽也会弹钢琴。

Could you speak Japanese？—Yes，and Spanish too．

您会说日语吗？——会的，还会说西班牙语哩。

Also虽然和too同义，但前者大都用于书面语，后者大都用于口语。例：

The lady washed the children and also gave them dinner．（书面语）

The lady washed the children and gave them dinner too．（口语）

as well as也；和…一样；不但…而且

作并列连词相当于not only…but also和no less…than，但not only…but also侧重在后项，no less…than 侧重在前项。例如：

We must learn to look at problems all-sidedly, seeing the reverse as well as the obverse side or things.A true man should be practical as well as far-sighted.我们必须学会全面地看问题,看到它的反面正面的或事情。

一个真实的人应该是实用性以及具有前瞻性。

在否定句中，as well as 的位置不同，句意往往有很大差别。比较下面的句子：

He, as well as she, will not come.他将不来，她也将不来。

He will not come as well as she.她将来，但他将不来。（否定前者，肯定后者）

Henry, as well as his brother, doesn''t work hard.亨利同他弟弟一样，工作不努力。

Henry doesn''t work hard as well as him brother.亨利工作不努力，但他弟弟努力。

as well as 连接的应是平等成分，都作主语或都作宾语等。例如：

She was there as well as me.（误）

She was there as well as I.（正）

else与other的区别

other 是形容词性，所以other修饰名词。other people。

other

主要地是adj, pron

剩余的，其余的，多 余的；其他的；不同的Where's my other glove?

我的那只手套在哪儿？

John and the others are here.约翰和其他人都在这儿。

I haven't brought many cakes.Could you get some others?

我没有多买糕点，你有多余的吗？

Think of others as well as yourself.不仅要想到自己，也要想到别人。

else 只修饰两类词

修饰 不定代词 如 someone / someplace/ anything来指代另外一个，而不特别指明哪一个。如： i had nothing else to do

修饰 wh-word。如what /who/where等

如 what else do i need to do我需要做什么其他的？

else多用于特殊疑问词后。

而other主要修饰名词，放在名词前面