第一篇:语法之一般过去时(模版)
一般过去时 一、一般过去时态定义
表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。经常与yesterday, last week, last month, last year, two months ago, the day before yesterday,in 1990, in those days等表示过去的时间状语连用。
如: I was born in 1990.When did you go to the park?
I went to the park last week.二、一般过去时态句子结构
在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。
1. Be 动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,am is 的过去式为was;are的过去式为were.构成:
肯定句:主语+was(were)+表语 如:I was late yesterday.否定句:主语+was(were)+not+表语 如:We weren't late yesterday.She wasn't a teacher three years ago.疑问句:一般疑问句:Was(Were)+主语+表语 如:Were you ill yesterday?
Were they once your classmates?
肯定回答: Yes, I was.否定句: No, I wasn't.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ Was(Were)+主语+表语
Who were your best friends in your primary school?
2.实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语 如:I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语 如:I didn't go home yesterday.He didn't tell me about you.疑问句:一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语 如:Did you go home yesterday?
Did you study in the school?
肯定回答: Yes, I did.否定回答:No, I didn't.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语
When did you finish your homework last night?
What did you do the day before yesterday?
3.助动词和情态动词过去式如下:
shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数
will―would(将要)用于所有人称
can― could(能,会)may―might(可以)must―must(必须)
have to―had to(不得不)
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。
如: I had to do my homework yesterday.(昨天我不得不做作业。)三、一般过去时态动词变化形式
一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。
1)一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如:play―played work―worked
2)以e结尾的动词只加d.如:like---liked love―loved
3)以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词,变Y为I,再加ed.如:study―studied carry―carried
4)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写最后这个辅音字母,再加ed.如:stop―stopped
--ed的读音规则如下:
① 在清辅音后面读[t].work―worked [wE:kt] help―helped [helpt]
② 在浊辅音或元音后读[d].learn―learned [lE:nd]
③ 在[t] 和[d] 后读[id].support―supported [sE'pC:tid]支持
5)不以ed 结尾的过去式,称为不规则动词。我们常用的有:
am(是)--was, is(是)--was, are(是)--were, begin(开始)--began,bring(拿来)--brought, can(能)--could, catch(捉住)--caught, come(来)--came, cut(砍,割)--cut, dig(挖,掘)--dug, do(做,干)--did, draw(画画,拉)--drew, drink(喝)--drank, drive(驾驶)--drove, eat(吃)--ate, fall(跌倒,落下)--fell, feel(感觉)--felt, fly(飞)--flew, get(获得)--got, give(给)---gave, go(去)--went, grow(生长)--grew, have(has)(有)--had, hurt(伤害)--hurt, keep(保持)--kept, know(知道,认识)--knew, learn(学习)--learnt, leave(离开)--left, let(让)--let, lie(躺,平放)--lay, make(使得,做)--made, may(可以)--might, must(必须)--must, read(读)--read, ride(骑)--rode, ring(鸣铃)--rang, run(跑)--ran, say(说)--said, see(看见)--saw, sell(卖)--sold, send(送)--sent, set(放)--set, sing(唱歌)--sang, sit(坐)--sat, sleep(睡觉)--slept, smell(闻)--smelt, speak(说话)--spoke, spend(花费)--spent, stand(站立)--stood, swim(游泳)--swam, take(拿到)--took, teach(教)--taught, tell(告诉)--told, think(认为)--thought, throw(投掷)--threw, understand(懂得)--understood, wake(唤醒)--woke, wear(穿)--wore, will(将要)--would, win(获胜)--won, write(写)--wrote 四、一般过去时态句型转换绕口令
一般过去时态并不难,过去发生的事情记心间。
主要句型“主动宾”,“主系表”结构也常见。
“主动宾”否定很简单,didn't 放在主、动间。
“主系表”否定也不难,was/ were后not 紧相连。
“主动宾”变成疑问式,did 放在主语前。
“主系表”疑问也好办,was/ were 提到主语前。
疑问、否定随你变,动词过去式要还原。
一般过去时专项练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.He ___(be)born in Shanghai.2.Tom ___(go)to see the movies yesterday.3.She ___(stay)at home and ____(do)her homework last night.2
4.Last year, he ___(work)in Xi’an.5.What ___ you ___(do)yesterday? We ___(take)some photos.6.What day ___(be)it yesterday? It___(be)Monday.7.Mr.Green___(come)to Beijing two years ago.8.How ___ you ___(spend)your holiday? I ___(visit)some places of interest.9.Mr.Wang ___(be)free yesterday.He ___(fly)a kite with her son.10.I ___(not do)my homework just now.I ____(clean)my bedroom.二、单项选择。
()
1、My father __________football every week.A.played B.plays C.playing()
2、I played basketball in the playground __________ weekend.A.last B.next C.this()
3、My grandparents __________ in the evenings.A.watches B.watch TV C.watched TV()
4、Did Rose __________ last Sunday? A.went swimming B.read a book C.taking pictures()
5、Tom __________ very happy last night..A.looks B.is C.was()
6、Three days __________ , I will be back to Shunde.A.before B.later C.soon()
7、__________ the second day , I rowed a boat in the river.A.In B.On C.At()8.__________ was your last trip? Last weekend.A.When B.Where C.How()
9、What __________ you __________ for the last day of the holiday? A.do, do B.did, do C.do, did()
10、It was a long holiday.They_____ Shanghai on Mar.2nd and ______ to Harbin on the 3rd.A.leave, got B.left , get C.left, got()
11、She __________ homework last night.A.doesn’t , do B.don’t ,did C.didn’t ,do()
12、He has nothing to do.He is __________.A.tired B.angry C.bored()13.What did you do __________ your holiday ?
A.in B.on C.at()14.He __________ in the river last week.A.swam B.swims C.swum()15.--Can you __________?--Yes, I __________ last night.A.dance, danced B.dances, dance C.danced ,danced
三、根据汉语意思完成英语句子
1.你去邮局用了多长时间?
_______ _________did it_______ you to get to the post office.2.他们在伦敦拍了许多照片。
They_______ lots of _______in London.3.他爸爸三年前买了那辆汽车。
His father ________ that car _______ _______ _______.4.上周五我们坐公共汽车回家的。
Last Friday we ______ a bus to ______ _________.5.我们全家人昨天下午一起去公园散步了。
Our family _______ _______ _______ _______ in the park yesterday afternoon.6.玛丽小时候经常骑车上学。
Mary usually ______ _______ school ________ bike when she _______ young.7.去你的新房用了多长时间?
_______ _________did it_______to get to your new house.8.我们在公园里拍了许多照片。
We_______ lots of _______in the park.9.他们在一家小餐馆里吃晚饭。
They________ ________ in a small restaurant.10.明天我打算坐公共汽车回家。
Tomorrow I am going to take a bus to______ _________.四、句型转换
1.Did she study English well?(改为肯定句)She________English well.2.I went to Los Angeles two years ago.(对划线部分提问)
_______did you______to Los Angeles?
3.We had a great time.(同义句)We_________ ___________.4.It took us about nine hours to get there.(对划线部分提问)
______ _________ __________it _______you to get there?
5.We saw the homes of the movie stars there.(同上)_______ did you_______there?
6.We got here by bike.(同上)_____ _____you_____here?
7.Jenny didn’t come with me because she was tired.(同上)
_______ _______Jenny come with you?
8.Finally today I did some shopping.(同义句)Finally today I _______ _______ 4
第二篇:过去时与现在完成时的比较
过去时与现在完成时的比较
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight ,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until,up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例:
I saw this film yesterday.(过去时)我昨天看了这个电影(强调看的动作发生过了。)I have seen this film.(现在完成时)我看过这部电影了。(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)Why did you get up so early?(一般过去是得疑问句)
为什么你起得这么早(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
She has returned from Paris.(现在完成时)
她已从巴黎回来了。(强调人已经离开了巴黎)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents
第三篇:过去时与现在完成时的区别
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对“现在”产生的影响。如:
He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)
2.现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如:
Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)
3.两种时态的区分
(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”。如:
(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等;而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。
看看以下的几组句子,有什么区别?
① Have you seen the film?(A)
Did you see the film?(B)
[说明] 你看过这部电影吗?(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。
② How has he done it?(A)
How did he do it?(B)
[说明]他是怎么做的这件事?(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响;(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。
③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)
He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)
[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年,现在不在北京了。
轻松记忆初中英语动词过去式和过去分词
简单的说:过去式是用在一般过去时的,过去分词用在完成时态的.具体点:就是分为规则动词和不规则动词两种情况来讲:形式变化:
一.规则,过去式和过去分词都是在词末加-ed
二.不规则,要背不规则动词表。
用法:
过去式用于“一般过去时”
过去分词要和其它成分连用。
1.have has +过去分词(现在完成时)
2.had+过去分词(过去完成时)
3.be+过去分词(被动语态)
过去式用来表达动词的“过了”、“完了”等意思,汉语里表达动作的时间时采用的是前后加字法,即在动词的前面或后面加字,如表达做过和做完,只要在动词的后面加上“过了”、“完了”就行了,如吃过了、看过了。而英语采用的是变形法,即不加字,而是让动词本身发生变化,如eat变成ate,see变成saw,ate、saw就是表达“吃过了”、“看过”的过去式。
而“过去分词”则完全是另一回事,它的写法和过去式有时一样有时不一样(简单词多不一样,长词多一样),但用法完全不一样,它有时表达“被……”,有时表达“完成……”,不仅可以做动词,还可以做形容词
英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加ed构成,而不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析,就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆,现将初中英语教学大纲中的69个不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。
一、AAA型(原形、过去式和过去分词同形):
costcostcostcutcutcut
letletletputputput
readreadread
二、ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形):
bringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuilt buyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfelt findfoundfoundgetgotgothavehadhadhearheardheard holdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlearnlearntlearntleaveleftleft
lendlentlentmakemademade meetmetmetpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsold
sendsentsentshineshoneshonesitsatsatsleepsleptslept smellsmeltsmeltspendspentspent standstoodstoodteachtaughttaught
telltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtunderstandunderstoodunderstood
三、ABC型(原形、过去式和过去分词各异):
bewas/werebeenbeginbeganbegun blowblewblownbreakbrokebroken dodiddonedrawdrewdrawn drinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriven eatateeatenfallfellfallen
flyflewflownforgetforgotforgottengivegavegivengowentgone growgrewgrownknowknewknown lielaylainrideroderidden ringrangrungseesawseen showshowedshownsingsangsung speakspokespokenswimswamswum taketooktakenthrowthrewthrown wakewokewokenwearworeworn writewrotewritten
四、ABA型(原形与过去分词同形):
becomebecamebecomecomecamecome
五、AAB型(原形与过去式同形):
beatbeatbeaten
第四篇:过去时与现在时的对比
His father is a film director.他父亲是电影导演。
His father was a film director.他父亲曾是电影导演。
现在一般时的用法
1.I often go to school by bus.2.It is 8 o’clock now.3.The lady speaks English.4.The moon moves around the sun.5.Tomorrow is Sunday.1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。
常与always,usually,often,sometimes,every day(week,month)等连用。
2.表示现在的事实或状态。
3.表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力等。
4.表示客观事实或普遍真理。
5.表示已预先安排或计划好将来确定会发生的动作
一般过去时的用法
.I was at the greengrocer’s yesterday.2.I came into the classroom and sat down quickly.3.I would not leave if you didn’t come back.1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday,last week,two hours ago等连用。
2.表示过去发生的一连串动作。
3.在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
过去时
eatateeaten
Tom eats a cake.Tom ate a cake yesterday.Tomdid not eat a cake yesterday.Tomdidn’t eat a cake yesterday.Did Tom eat a cake yesterday?
yesterday或由其构成的短语,例如:yesterday morning;
由“last+时间”构成的短语, 例如:last year;
由“时间段+ago”构成的短语,three days ago;
另外,还有
on the morning of Monday,just now等。
行为动词的过去式
(1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ed.work-----worked;ask------asked;
(2)以e结尾的动词只加-d.arrive-----arrived;like-----liked.(3)双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ed.shop-----shopped;stop----stopped,plan---planned;
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变成-ied.carry----carried;study------studied.(5)有些动词变过去式是不规则的需要牢记eat----ate;break-----broke;teach-----taught.I make a mistake.(last year)
I made a mistake last year.I didn’t make a mistake last year.Did you make a mistake last year
第五篇:浅谈小学英语过去时的教学
浅谈小学英语过去时的教学
英语“时”(tense)是一种语法范畴,用来表示动作发生或状态存在的时间。这个和中文有很大不同,主要是英语动词的所在的谓语的不同形式。小学英语时态的教学基本就是谓语动词形式的教学,过去时也就主要是动词过去式。“过去时”(past tense),顾名思义,当然是表示过去时间。小学英语的过去时要简单一些,一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作),也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。
刚开始过去时的教学时,我喜欢用天气情况引入。如我问学生“What is the weather like today? It is ….What will the weather be like tomorrow? It will be ….What was the weather like yesterday? It was ….”。有yesterday用be动词过去式 was;有today 用be动词三单现is ;tomorrow用be动词原形will be。一般过去时的谓语动词由动词的过去式构成,除 be 动词外,其余动词没有人称和数的变化。这种情况常和“just now刚才,yesterday昨天,last year去年,in 1999在一九九九年,two days ago两天之前,”等表示过去的时间状语连用。
一般过去时的构成
我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。
动词过去式的构成:
(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived。
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop-stopped。
④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。如:study-studied。
(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have(has)-had等。
一般过去时的几种句型 肯定句结构为:主语+动词的过去式+其它。如:He went to the park yesterday.他昨天去公园了。
否定句结构为:主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如:He didn't go to the park yesterday.他昨天没去公园。
一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?如:
1)-Did you go to Chengdu last Sunday ?
-Yes, we did.(No, we didn't.)
2)-Did you help your Mum yesterday?
-No, I didn't.(Yes, I did.)
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?如:
1)-What did you do last Monday?
-I did my homework.2)-Where did you go yesterday?
-I went to the supermarket.一般过去时口诀 一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。否定句很简单,didn't 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。
只要我们每节英语课开始时几分钟都用过去时问问昨天发生的事,学生就习惯用过去时来回答。老师把所用的动词原形和过去式写成两列,中间用连接符号“—”连起如“have—had”,每次问答几分钟,每次用不同的动词。日积月累,学生也就逐渐掌握动词过去式的使用。