第一篇：总结英语常见的音标与发音1
汉语：
声母一共是23个：b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s y w 韵母：6个单韵母：a o e i u v8个复韵母：ai ei ui ao ou ui ie ve一个特殊韵母：er 5个前鼻音韵母：an en in un vn4个后鼻音韵母：ang eng ing ong 整体认读音节一共是16个：zhi chi shi ri zi ci si yi wu yu ye yue yuan yin yun ying我们的教学要求是能够熟练拼读音节，就可以了。
英语：48个英语音标和26个英语字母：
单音节：有一个音节构成的单词 如 big face teach 双音节：由两个音节构成的单词 如 china teacher 多音节：由三个或以上的音节构成的单词
remember necessary
单音节一般重读，双音节和多音节至少有一个音节重读。用'标注。
√ 开音节：1 绝对： 辅音+元音 单个元音字母后没有辅音字母的重读音节 如 no she he we 特殊（try by dry fly）
相对：辅音/元音+元音+辅音+e 一个元音字母后加单个辅音字母，在加一个不发音元音字母e。（以e结尾的）Name these bike home
以元音字母结尾的音节叫做开音节。在开音节中，元音字母发他们本身的音。a e i（y）o u 闭音节： 辅音/元音+元音+辅音/元音+ 辅音+ 辅音
单个元音字母后又辅音字母组成的 重读音节（r w y 除外）如 bag draw begin
（1）元音字母在开音节中的发音： 就是字母本身的发音。如 take，age，eve these time ice home bone use huge 16 个辅音字母的发音 h 在某些单词中不发音：如 hour honor 2 n 在音素［k］前发［长ｎ］ 如ink thank uncle 1 B be bake tude bone bite bride brake 2 P pile pipe pine plane hope tape 3 T tape time take tube type tone date fate plate 4 D date dive hide wide bride dove fade 5 K kite bike like lake bake wake snake kate 6 G F fate life wife fine fly fame flame frame 8 V vote five dive eve 9 H home he hi hate 10 J joke jeep just joy jack 11 L like late lame line life hole pole pale apple 12 M mate mine male lame time fame 13 N name no note nine fine bone line stone 14 R rape role ride rope rate pride prize fry 15 W we wake wave woke wife 16 Y yes yellow you your 17 Z zone zoo prize 元音字母在重读闭音节字母的发音
A [ei] e [e]
i[i] 0[э：] u[反v] 如果a前面是音素【W】a 发【э】want watch what quantity wash
辅音字母在单词中的发音： C 主要两种 【s】 【k】
在字母e，i、y前发【s】：nice mice face city cycle
在其他情况下 发【k】 cake coke close cube crime G 发【dﻍ】和【g】
在字母e、i、y前发【dﻍ】 page hge age biology giraffe
在其他情况下发【g】 go gate grade globe big bag S 发音【s】 【z】
一般词首发【s】 sit study so side
在清辅音钱发【s】（发音时声带不震动的音）vest risk grasp
Ss发【s】 miss less
在元音后发【s】【z】都有 us plus this gas base 【z】is as nose close X 发音【ks】 【gz】
发【ks】为主 box six text except exercise
发【gz】很少 exam exact exist example
Q 总是与字母u一起出现一起发音：【kw】 quite quilt quit quick question
开音节与闭音节对比读音
No-not-note,fate-fat, site-sit, hop-hope,hide-hid, hat-hate, quit-quite,bite-bit, win-wine, plane-plan, rid-ride, no-on
元音字母与字母-r 结合的发音：ar【a：】 or【э：】 er、ir、ur【З：】 如 car arm for born storm her serve herb girl bird skirt fur burn burst 多音节中也适用。但是其后面的重读r-音节后面紧接着元音字母（y当元音）或r+元音字母，则按闭音节发音。如：cigar important university
very mary forest carry hurry sorry carrot Ar前是音素【w】时发【э：】 war warm warn quarter Or前 是音素[w]时发 【反ê：】word work world worse worst
辅音字母组合发音练习：
Ch【k】 back luck clock duck sick jacket Ch【t∮】 charge check much church china [k]school christmas chemistry chemical chemist Tch[【t∮】 match watch kitchen catch fetch Sh 【∮】 ship shop shut short shirt fish
tap-tape,us-use, Ph[f] phone phrase photo physics telephone Gh【-】 eight weigh high light caught [f] enough cough laugh Th[Θ] think thank math thick thin three tenth [ð] this these those them the with father Wh【 w】 which when what where white while 【h】 who whose whom whole Ng 【η】 sing sang sung song bring long strong singer 【ηg】 angry english longest stronger 【ηdЗ】change strange Tr【tr】 truck trick strike track trade trap Dr【dr】 drive drove dress dry drop Ts【ts】cats its that’s Ds【dz】 hands beds birds yards Mb词尾【m】 bomb comb tomb climb Kn词首【n】 knife know knew knee Wr【r】 write wrong wrap wrist wrinkle Gu【g】 guide guard 非重读音节元音字母发音
在不重读音节中一般来说a o u ar or er ir ur都发【ə】y发【i】；如 china，better，beside，important 两个元音字母间的辅音字母归属问题、i、e 两个元音字母间有一个辅音字母的，往往属于后面的音节；两个元音字母间有两个相同的或非组合的辅音字母，前一个属于前面，后一个属于后面；两个元音字母间有三个辅音字母的情况很少的。Super supper later latter 元音之间有两个相同辅音字母的，前面重读音节是闭音节。多音节的无法按以上规律分析，比如第一个音节重读的三个音节的单词，重读音节大多按照闭音节规律发音，辅音字母属于第一音节。如 elephant element general。
多音节中，重读音节前面还有两个以上音节时，还要出现次重读音节，（与重读音节隔了一个音节），元音字母在次重读音节中与重读音节相同。如 invi'tation insti'tution 元音字母在重读音节或者非重读音节中的特殊发音
U 在重读开音节中发【u：】如 june july junior rule ruler ruin true pollute U 在重读闭音节中发【u】如 bush butcher full push put U 在非重读音节中发【ju】如 popular calculate monument U 在非重读音节中发【ju：】 menu value educate communicate U 在非重读形容词ful中发【u】 thankful careful hopeful 字母o 的其他发音
1重读开闭音节中【u：】 do to lose move shoe whose 2【u】whom wolf woman 3【反v】 come love none front
相对开音节少数特殊的发音 少数词根或非合成词按非重读音节读音(闭音节）：如 opposite，medicine,examine,engine,determine,practice.2 少数a和age发【i】 如chocolate necklace fortunate comrade climate accurate 3-tive 词根发【tive】-sive发【sive】如 active passive native sensitive 4 e 在非重读音节或词根中发【ə】 如-ment，-ent，ence，en。
含有元音字母的常见字母组合发音 Are【εə】 care share prepare Air【εə】 air hair chair fair upstair Ear【iə】 ear dear near fear appear
[ə:]early earn earth
[εə] pear tear bear
[a:] heart Ire[aiC] fire hire require Ere[iə】 here atmosphere
[ﻍə] there where Ore [э:] score bore store shore more ignore Ure[juə] sure pure cure
Ture [t∮ə]picture agriculture temperature future Sure [Зə] treasure pleasure Eer [iə】 cheer beer volunteer Oor [э:] door floor [uə】 poor Our 【auə] our hour flour [o:] four your mourn [ə] neighbour colour
[uə] tour
[ə:] journey journalist
Au [o:] cause applaud august autumn [o] because Augh [o:] caught taught daughter naughty Aw [o:] law draw straw raw dawm Ai [ei] afraid wait fail rain train
[e] said
[ə] curtain [i] captain mountain Ay [ei] day today may pay Al [o:] all tall fall ball small [a:] half calm palm
[əl] festival several natural medical
labour honour
[O:l] always also salt Ass[a:s] class glass pass brass Ast[a:st] fast last past cast Ance [a:ns] dance glance advance Ea [i:] tea team seat read bean [e] ready weather breakfast head
[ei] great break steak
[iə] real idea Ee [i:] bee green three sleep keep
[ Ey [ei] they obey grey
[i:] key keyboard Ei [i:] receive seize
[ai] neither either Eigh [ei] eight neighbor height weigh weight Ew [ ju:] new few knew
[u:] flew drew crew chew Ie [i:] piece niece thief relief chief
[aiə] science variety quiret diet [ai] die lie tie pie
[ e] friend Igh
[ai] high light right bright night sight flight Oa [əu] coat boat goat coast throat soap road load
[o:] broad Oar
[o:]
board aboard blackboard Oi
[эi] noise oil soil voice join point choice Oy [oi] boy joy toy employ Oo [ u:] cool pool food zoo too school moon noodle [ u] book look cook took good wool foot [v反] blood flood Ou [au] out about house found mouth mouse ground [v反】 young country double touch enough [ u:] you group [əu] soul shoulder
Ough [o:] tought ought brought fought
[u:] through
[əu] though although
[反vf] rough enough Ow [au] cow how however flower down
[əu] know snow slow low show
town borrow
英语字母及字母组合的发音规则
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd-ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st-ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother
三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a [E]E China another woman breakfast orange comrade village cabbage e [E] hundred student open weekend chicken pocket begin children i [E]/ holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome [Eu] also zero photo u [E] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate
u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue 在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作音。
四、-r音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合 读 音 例 词
ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener [C:] warm quarter towards
or在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short [E:] word worker worse
er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合 读 音 例 词
are [εE] care dare hare ere [iE] here mere ire [aiE] fire hire wire ore [C:] more score before ure [juE] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[E]音，例如：picture pleasure 重读元音字母加R，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母R读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：Orange very American paragraph
六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合 读 音 例 词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [εE] air hair chair pair repair alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all [C:l] always also salt almost [α:] half calm
au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great
ear [iE] hear dear near clear year [εE] bear pear wear swear [E:] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [iE] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down [ou] know row throw though [∧] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [C:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [E:] journey
ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音
元音字母组合或字群读音例词
ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbor serious famous biscuit coffee-sion-tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion-tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion-sten [sn] listen-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure-ture [tFE] picture culture
八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如： everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如： sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞ cupboard[E] 碗柜
九、辅音字母组合的读音
辅音字母组合 读 音 例 词
b bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb
cc在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music [s] face decide cinema ch [tF] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [F] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day-dge [dV] bridge fridge dr-[dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast gg在e i/y前 [^] bag garden go [dV] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high
gu--guegu在非重读音节中 [^] guess league dialogue [^w] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn-[n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn-mn [m] autumn column solemn nn在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note [N] uncle thank hungry-ng [N] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq
qu-[kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband sc-[sk] scarlet [s] muscle science sh [F] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet [F] patient nation tch [tF] watch
th在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the-ther中 [θ] thin thirty method [T] the these with than [T] clothe fathe r weather tr-[tr] tree train country truck v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] Answer two
wh-wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole
x在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] example exist exact wr-[r] write
y-[j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo
第二篇：英语音标发音
一、英语音标发音表
英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。对于初学者来说，若采用集中教学，要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。确实不易。笔者对音标的教学采用了相对集中的方法，即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学。
国际音标（英语语音）元音单元音前元音
[i:] [i] [e] [æ]
中元音 [ʌ] [ə:] [ə]
后元音 [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a:] 双元音开合双元音
[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu]ou [au]ao集中双元音 [iə] [εə]ea [uə]ue辅音爆破音清辅音
[p] [t] [k]
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g]
摩擦音清辅音
[f] [s] [ʃ] [θ] [h] 浊辅音
[v] [z] [ʒ] [ð]
破擦音清辅音
[tʃ] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音
[dʒ] [dr] [dz]
鼻音（浊辅音）[m] [n] [ŋ]
舌则音（浊辅音）[l] [r]
半元音（浊辅音）[w] [j]
二、48个国际音标的发音—元音：
1、【i:】嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，露出微笑的表情，与字母E的发音相同。元音因素的发音方法：
1）舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起。2）嘴唇向两旁伸开，成扁平形。
3）/ i:/为长元音，“：”是长音符号，比相应的短元音要长两倍以上。4）发音字母：eeea e ieei例词 three tree green sheep meet beef see eat tea meat leave teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive
2、【i】发音时
1）舌前部向硬颚抬起比/ i: /低些。2）唇形扁平，牙床开得比/ i: /宽。3）下颚稍下垂，舌前部也稍下降。
4）发音字母：i y e 例词 sit picture it is list six pig big build miss many twenty happy dictionary decide delicious
3、【e】发音时
1）舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，比/ I /低。
2）唇形中长，牙床开工得比/ I /宽，上下齿间隔一个食指。
3）发音字母：ea
e
a 例词 head bread sweater breakfast heavy
pleasure elephant remember sell lesson better
bed
desk
hotel yesmany any
4、【æ】发音时
1）舌尖抵下齿。
2）上下唇向两旁伸开，成扁平形，牙床张开至上下齿音可容纳食指和中指的宽度。
3）发音字母：a 例词 bag hand and ant happy hat map black back glad flag ma
5、【ʌ】发音时
1）舌后部的前部分稍抬起，舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿，双唇向两旁平伸。2）唇成扁形。3）发音字母：u o ouoo：
up supper lunch fun run hunt
cup
bus come mother dose brother love above trouble blood
6、【a: 】发音时1）口张大，舌身影放平后缩，舌尖离开下齿。
2）/ a: /为长元音，不要发得太短，长度比短元音长两倍多。
3）发音字母：ar a 例词
car farm card arm garden ask fast class last glass aunt
7、【ɔ】发音时
1）口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩。2）双唇稍收圆。
3）发音字母：o a 例词 orange hot lost lot fox box hop lot not want what wash watch
8、【ɔ:】发音时
1）口张大，舌发部抬得比发 /ɒ/时高，双唇收得更圆更小并用力向前突出。2）发音时要比发 /ɒ/时长。3）发音字母：al ar au or our oor例词 all small wall talk tall ball call walk warm quarter daughter autumn short horse for forty sport
door floor store four your door floor
9、【u】发音时
1）舌后部向软颚抬起，舌身向后缩，舌尖离下齿。2）双唇收圆，略向前突出。
3）发音字母：ooou u o例词 look
good
foot
book wood could wouldput full
pull push woman
wolf
10、【u:】发音时
1）双唇较/u/收得更圆更小，且向前突出，舌后部比/u/抬得更高。2）发音时要比/u/长度更长。
3）发音字母：oo o u例词 too zoo food school room goose tooth who do two to shoe whose true truth blue full
11、【 ɜ:】发音时
1）舌身平放，舌中部稍抬，但比发/ə/时略高。双唇扁平。2）发 / ɜ:/ 时比发/ə/时长度长。
3）发音字母：irur
ear
er
or例词 girl shirt
skirt thirty thirteen third
bird turn
burn
murder
nurse
turtle purple Thursday learn
early earth heard term
her work worker word world
12、【ə】发音时
1）唇舌应自然，口腔肌肉放松，牙床半开。2）/ə/永不重读，在词尾发音时应稍长。
3）发音字母：er or o a
e
urure例词 teacher
under remember player father mother farmer after doctor
actor forget together tomorrow today lesson welcome policeman
around about ago elephant
away banana China student children open different Saturday picture
13、【ei】发音时
1）口形由/e /向/ eI /滑动。2）下颚向上合拢，舌位随之抬高。
3）发音字母：a ay aieyea例词
name cake late gate plane
April
play say may way
day away rain
paint
eight eighteen eighty they grey great break
14、【ai】发音时
1）舌尖抵住下齿。
2）从/ a：/的部位向/ I /滑动。
3）发音字母：i
y igh例词 bike fine find hi nine
five rice write like my try fly by
15、【ɔ i】发音时
1）舌位在 /ɒ/和/ɔ:/之间。
2）由上述部位向/ I /滑动，由圆唇变成扁唇。
3）发音字母：oyoi例词 boy toy toilet oil noise
16、【əu】发音时
1）舌尖稍触下齿由/ ə/滑向/u /，双唇收圆。2）从/ ə /出发，然后双唇收圆也能发出此音。
3）发音字母：o owoa例词 home cold go no phone host ghost know yellow below throw blow show row
boat
coat
goat
17、【au】发音时1）由/ æ /向/ u /滑动时双唇渐渐收圆，舌后部稍抬起。
2）发音字母：ouow例词 house out about ground count sound blouse around mouse flower down now cowhow town brown
18、【iə】发音时
1）由/ I /很快滑向/ ə /。2）发/ I /时唇扁平。
3）发音字母：eer ear ere 例词 beer deer ear
near dear here
19、【εə 】发音时
1）/ ε/舌位高度在/ e/与/ æ /之间，发音时舌尖触下齿。2）由/ ε/很快滑向/ ə /。3）发音字母：ear air ere eir例词pear bear chair air there where their theirs
20、【uə】发音时
1）由/ u / 很快滑向/ə /。2）注意不要将/ u /发成/ u：/。3）发音字母：ure例词 sure
三、辅音因素的发音方法：
1、【p】发音时
1）双唇紧闭。
2）然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，送气要强。/p/是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。peach
pig
pink
purple
map
2、【 b】发音时 1）紧闭双唇。
2）然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔。/ b /是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。bee big bye
black
bed
bear
book
banana
3、【t】发音时
1）舌尖紧贴上齿龈形成阻碍。
2）舌尖突然下降，气流冲出口腔。送气要强。/ t /是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。two too to boat
ten
twelve
4、【 d 】发音时与发/ t /时相同
1）舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍。2）舌尖突然下降，气流从口腔冲出。/ d /是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。bed
dad
do
need
duck
head
5、【 k】发音时
1）舌后部抬起，紧贴软颚，形成阻碍。
2）舌后部突然离开，气流冲出口腔。送气要强。/ k /是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。(k、c、ck)come
cap
cat
bike
cake
black
duck
6、【g】发音时
1）舌后部抬起紧贴软颚，形成阻碍。
2）舌后部突然离开，气流冲出口腔。
/g/ 是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。bag
pig
dog
egg
girl
7、【θ】发音时
1）舌尖舌端抬起贴住上齿龈后部，形成阻碍。
2）气流冲破阻碍，舌尖舌端离开上齿龈后部，但舌与上齿龈间须保持一个缝隙，发出摩擦的声音。three
mouth
8、【 ð 】发音时
1）舌尖舌端抬起贴住上齿龈后部，形成阻碍。
2）气流冲破阻碍，舌尖舌端离开上齿龈后部，但舌与上齿龈保持一个缝隙，发出摩擦的声音。/ ð /是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。With
9、【f 】发音时
1）下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙间通过，引起摩擦。2）/ f /是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。fish
frog
foot
face
farm
10、【 v】发音时
1）舌位与发/ f /时相同。
2）/ v /是浊辅音，发音时带声振动。vest
very
live
leave
11、【ʃ 】发音时舌尖轻抵上齿背，气流由舌齿间的缝隙中泄出，形成摩擦音。ship
sheep
shop
she
12、【ʒ 】发音时
1）舌位与发/ ʃ /时相同。2）/ ʒ /浊辅音，发音时声带振动。measure
pleasure
13、【s 】发音时
1）舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端与齿龈间泄出，形成摩擦音。2）/ s /是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。snake
sing
face
14、【 z】发音时
1）舌位与发/ s /时相同。2）/ z /时浊辅音，发音时声带振动。zoo
zebra
15、【tʃ】发音时
1）舌尖和舌端向上齿龈后部抬起，舌身紧靠上颚，形成狭长通道，气流由此通道通过，形成摩擦音。2）/ tʃ /是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。Chinses China
peach
beach
chicken
16、【dʒ】发音时
1）舌位与发/ tʃ /时相同。
2）/ dʒ /是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。orange
juice
17、【 h】发音时
1）气流自由逸出口腔，只在通过声门时发出轻微的摩擦，称声门摩擦音。2）发音时口形随后面的元音而变化。
3）发音时声带不振动。hen
house
horse
hand
hair
18、【m】 /发音时
1）双唇闭拢，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔泄出。2）在词尾时须略为延长，以防吞音。
3）/ m /是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。monkey
milk
some
come
game
19、【n】发音时
1）舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔泄出。2）在词尾时须略为延长，以防吞音。
3）/ n /是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。nose
son
sun
run
chicken
pen
20、【ŋ 】发音时1）舌位与发/ k /，/ g /音相同，但软颚下垂，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔泄出。2）/ ŋ /是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。king sing
English
21、【 l 】舌侧音虽只有一个，但分成清晰/ l /和含糊/ l /两种发音。清晰/ l /出现在元音前面加letter，little，light等。发音时舌前向硬颚抬起。含糊/ l /出现在辅音前节词尾如：belt,small,apple,table等。发音时，舌前下陷，舌后上抬，舌面引成凹槽。含糊/ l /发音响亮和元音一样可以延长。
22、【r 】发音时
1）舌尖向上龈后部卷起，舌前部下陷，略成凹形，舌身两侧收拢，双唇略突出，气流由舌面与硬颚间泄出。
2）/r /是摩擦音可以延长，而发音器官位置不变。rabbit
red
rice
23、【j 】发音时
1）舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起，双唇向两旁伸展成扁平形。2）发音时声带振动。yes
yellow
you
24、【 w】发音时
1）舌后部向软颚抬起，双唇收得很圆很小，并向前突出。2）发音时声带振动。
3）音一经发出，立即向后面的元音滑动。water
watermelon
white
另注：
1、/ts/ /dz/是传统的国际音标读音符号，新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内，破擦音/ts/、/dz/分别是字母组合ts和ds的读音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略下降，气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音，/dz/是浊辅音。
2、/tr/ /dr/是传统的国际音标读音符号。新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内。/tr/、/dr/分别是tr、dr的发音。齿龈后部破擦辅音。发音时舌身与/r/相似，舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音，/dr/是浊辅音。
[i] 嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴形扁平。[ə:] 嘴形扁平，上下齿微开，舍身平放，舌中部稍稍抬高。
[ə] 嘴唇微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部微微抬起，口腔自然放松发声。[ɔ:] 双唇收得小而圆，并向前突出，舌身往后缩。[ɔ] 口腔打开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍收圆。[u:] 嘴形小而圆，微微外突，舌头尽量后缩。
[u] 嘴唇张开略向前突出，嘴形稍收圆并放松些，舌头后缩。
[ɑ:] 口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身放平，舌尖不抵下齿，下巴放低，放松发音。[ʌ] 嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍稍抬起。[æ] 嘴张大，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形，舌尖抵下齿。[e] 嘴形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。
[ei] 由[e]和[i]两个单音组成，[e]重读，[i]轻读，口形由半开到合，字母A就发这个音。[ai] 由[a]和[i]两个单音组成，[a]重读，[i]轻读，口形由开到合，与字母I的发音相同。[ɔi] 由[ɔ]和[i]两个单音组成，[ɔ]重读，[i]轻读，口形由圆到扁，由开到合。[au] 由[a]和[u]两个单音组成，[a]重读，[u]轻读，口型由大到小。
[əu] 由[ə]和[u]两个单音组成，[ə]重读，[u]轻读，口形由半开到小，与字母O的发音相同。[iə] 由[i]和[ə]两个单音组成，[i]重读，[ə]轻读，双唇始终半开。
[eə] 由[e]和[ə]两个单音组成，[e]重读，[ə]轻读，舌端抵下齿，双唇半开。[uə] 由[u]和[ə]两个单音组成，[u]重读，[ə]轻读，双唇由收圆到半开。
48个国际音标的发音—辅音：
[p]双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不振动。[b]双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带需振动。[t]舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔喷出，但声带不振动。[d]舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带需振动。[k]舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然间离开，将气送出来，想咳嗽一样，但声带不震动。[ɡ]舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然间离开，将气送出来，但声带需振动。[s]双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿隙间送出，但声带不振动。[z]双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿隙间送出，但声带需振动。[ʃ]双唇收圆并稍微突出，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，声带不振动。
[ʒ]双唇收圆并稍微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，但声带需振动。[tʃ]双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，声带不振动。[dʒ]双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，但声带需振动。[f]上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，让气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带不振动。[v]上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，让气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带需振动。[θ]舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，但声带不振动。[ð]上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，但声带需振动。
[ts]舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不振动。[dz]舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出。
[tr]双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取伐[r]的姿势，声带不振动。[dr]双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取伐[r]的姿势，但声带振动。[h]嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，声带不振动。
[r]舌尖向上卷起，舌头不要接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声带振动。[l]舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌尖轻微用力弯曲，气流从舌的旁边送出。—鼻音
[m]双唇紧闭，舌头平放，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。[n]双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻孔里出来，声带振动。[ŋ]双唇张开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。—辅音
[w]双唇缩小并向前突出，舌后部抬起，嘴慢慢向两边滑开。[j]嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面贴住上颚，声带需振动
第三篇：英语音标发音规则
英语音标发音规则
一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a 在开音节中
[ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中
[æ] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中
[i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中
[e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中
[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中
[i] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中
[əu] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中
[ɔ] clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中
[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中
[ʌ]bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super 二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a [ə] China another woman breakfast [i] orange comrade village cabbage e [ə] hundred student open weekend [ə:] nerve serve term [i] chicken pocket begin children i [i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite o [ə] second tonight somebody welcome [əu] also zero photo u [ə] autumn difficult [ju:] popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词
a在[w]音后面
[ɔ] want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[a:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd-ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st-ld前
[əu] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前
[ʌ] come monkey love mother 四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ar ar在[w]音后面
[a:] car farm dark sharpener [ɔ:] warm quarter towards or or在[w]音后面
[ɔ:] forty morning short [ə:] word worker worse er ir ur [ə:] certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 are [ɛə] care dare hare ere [iə] here mere ire [aiə] fire hire wire ore [ɔ:] more score before ure [juə] pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ə]音,例如:picture pleasure 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音.例如:parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.例如:orange very American paragraph 六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [aiə] air hair chair pair repair al在f m前
[ɔ] small ball talk wall all [ɔ:l] always also salt almost bald [a:] half calm au/aw [ɔ:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great ear [iə] hear dear near clear year [εə] bear pear wear [ə:] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [iə] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在j l r s后
[ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew ie/ei在[s]音之后
[i:] piece field receive oa [əu] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [ɔ:] roar board door floor oi/oy [ɔi] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good ou/ow [au] flower house count down [əu] know row throw though [ʌ] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [ɔ:] course your four [auə] our hour ours [ə:] journey ui 在j l r s后
[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit 七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词
ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey ow [əu] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i].例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee-sion-tion [∫n] impression nation-sion在元音字母后 [ӡn] vision decision occasion-tion在s后
[t∫ən] question suggestion-sten [sn] listen-stle [sl] whistle-sure [ӡə] pleasure measure-ture [t∫ə] picture culture 八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[ɔ:] 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[ə] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:] > cupboard[ə] 碗柜 九,辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb c c在e前或在i/y前
[k] cake picture coat music [s] face decide cinema ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [∫] machine-ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day-dge [dӡ] bridge fridge dr-[dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast g g在e i/y前
[g] bag gardon go [dӡ] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high gu--gue gu在非重读音节中
[g] guess league dialogue [gw] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [dӡ] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn-[n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn-mn [m] autumn column n n在[k] [g]音前
[n] not shine ten note [ŋ] uncle thank hungry-ng [ŋ] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu-[kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler
第四篇：音标标准发音推荐歌曲
音标标准发音推荐歌曲
1、As Long As You Love Me
后街男孩
2、Across The Universe
披头士
3、Longer
首丹·佛格柏 【美式发音】
4、Unbreak My Heart 唐尼·布蕾斯 长元音【a:】
5、Love
约翰·列侬 长元音【ʌ】
6、All Those Year ago
乔治·哈理森 长元音【ɔ:】
7、Cotton Fields 胡迪·莱德贝特 短元音【ɔ】
8、Blue Eyes
艾尔特·约翰 长元音【u:】
9、When a Man Loves a Woman
迈克尔·波特 【u】【u:】的差别
10、Sunshine on My Shoulders
约翰·丹佛 双元音【ai】
11、Rain and Tears
爱神之子合唱团 双元音【ai】
12、Say Yes,My Boy
艾米·杰克逊 【əi】
13、Don't Cry Out Alound
玛丽莎·曼彻斯特 双元音【əu】
14、Hellow, I Love You
首门户合唱团
双元音【au】
15、Right Here Waiting
查理德·马克斯
双元音【iə】
16、I Swear 四合一合唱团 双元音【εə】
17、Help The Poor
埃里克·克莱普顿 双元音【uə】
第五篇：初中英语音标发音规则
一、元音和辅音
英语共有48个音素，其中元音20个，辅音28个。辅音和元音在英语中的作用，就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。
元音：元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.（A）单元音
a.前元音：/ i: /, / i /, / e /, / æ /
b.中元音： / ә: /, / ә /
c.后元音：/ כ:/, / כ /, / u /, / u: /, /ɑ: /, /Λ /(B)双元音（8个）：
a.合口双元音：/ ei /, / әu /, / ai /, / au /, /i/
b.集中双元音：/ i ә /, / εә /, / uә / B.辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.辅音的分类：
按其发音的方法分，有：
a.爆破音 / p /, / b /, / t／, / d /, / k /, / ɡ / b.摩擦音 / f /，/ v /，/θ/，/ ð /，/ s /，/ z / c.破擦音
/ t∫/，/ dӡ /，/tr/，/dr/，/ts/，/dz/
d.鼻音
/ m / , / n /, / ŋ / e.旁流音（舌侧音）/ l /
巧记48个国际音标
单元音共十二，四二六前中后。双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。
单元音
/ i: /----Ee /i:/ [i:] 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平作微笑状，发“一”之长音。此音是长元音，一定注意把音发足。Bb/bi:/、Cc/si:/、Dd/di:/、Gg/dʒi:/、Tt/ti:/、Vv/vi:/ [i:]是字母e、ea、ee、ie、ei在单词中的发音
(1)e we me he she be fever meter evening
(2)ea eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean(3)ee three tree
green
sheep
meet
beef
see
seek
(4)ie piece(5)ei receive ceiling [i]-----big /big/ 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全舌，发短促之“一”音, 发此音要短促而轻快。
[i]是字母e、i、y在单词中的发音，(1)e begin English pretty cinema decide delicious(2)i sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss(3)y boy city very sorry many twenty happy dictionary [e]--egg /eg/
舌近硬鄂，舌尖顶下齿，牙床半开半合，作微笑状。
Ff〔ef〕、Mm〔em〕、Nn〔en〕、Ss〔es〕 [e]是字母e、ea、a在单词中的发音
(1)e bed red let get leg pen elephant desk better(2)ea(3)a many any / æ /---bag / bæg /
[æ] 双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床开，软鄂升起，唇自然开放。
是字母a在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音。
bad am and at sad hand happy hat map mad black back glad flag man / ә: /--bird /bә:d /
[ә: ]舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。是字母er、ir、or或ur在单词中的发音
head
bread
pleasure(1)er
her term
(2)ir
girl bird first third thirty shirt skirt birthday(3)or
work word world(4)ur
nurse turn hurt Thursday [ ә]--today
/ tә'dei / [ә] 舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之短音。是字母a、o、u、e、or、er、ur 或ar在单词中的发音
(1)a about above along America around banana Canada china(2)o together tomorrow today police(3)u autumn(4)or doctor actor
work homework housework vistor mirror forget(5)er father mother brother sister ruler water dinner driver farmer(6)ur surprise Saturday(8)ar
dollar [כ:]---all [כ:l] 双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开渐至全开，舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后。是字母o、al、ar、or、oar、our或oor在单词中的发音(1)o story off(2)al small wall talk tall hall ball call walk(3)ar
warm quarter
(4)au August autumn daughter(5)or
for short sport more horse(6)oar
board blackboard cardboard(7)our four your(8)oor
door floor [כ]---box
/bכks/ 双唇稍微向外突出圆形，舌后升起，舌尖不触下齿，发“奥”音 是字母a、o在单词中的发音
（1）([w])a
want wash watch what（2）o
hot lot not on sorry [u:]---do[du:] 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发 “屋”之长音。
Uu〔ju:〕Ww〔`dʌblju:〕
是字母o、u、oo或ou在单词中的发音（1）o
do to who two（2）u
blue glue June（3）oo
food room pool boot school too zoo（4）ou
soup group through [u]---put/put/ 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发短促之“屋”音。是字母u、oo或ou在单词中的发音(1)o
woman wolf(2)oo book look good foot wood(3)oul could would should(4)u
put sugar full push pull [ɑ:]---arm/ɑ:m/ Rr〔α:〕
双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后升缩微离下齿，发阿之长音。(1)a
fast class last glass plant
(2)ar
car farm card far garden party park [ʌ]---cup
[kʌp]
Ww〔`dʌblju:〕
双唇平放，牙床半开，舌尖抵住下龈，舌后微微升起，发短促之“阿”音 是字母o或u在单词中的发音
(1)o come none love other son mother(2)oo blood flood(3)ou touch country enough young(4)u bus sun but cut up us run 双元音
[ei]---Aa〔ei〕
舌类顶下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平，由发“哀”平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。
Hh〔eiʧ〕、Jj〔dʒei〕、Kk〔kei〕
是字母a在开音节中的读音。
⑴a
name cake game face late gate plane April ⑵ai
rain train wait ⑶ay
day may okay play today say way ⑷ea
great break
⑸ei(gh)eight eighteen eighty ⑹ey
they grey
[ai]--eye [ai] Yy〔wai〕
将口张开略圆，舌后升起，舌尖向后收缩，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。是字母i或y在单词中的读音:(1)i
bike fine find die nine light night high(2)y my try fly eye [ɔi]---oil [ɔil] 双唇外突成圆形，发“奥”音逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发“一”之短音。是字母oy和oi在单词中的读音(1)oy boy toy joy
(2)oi soil voice choice point [au]--out [aut] 将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。
是字母ou和ow在单词中的发音
(1)ou out about house blouse loud ⑵ow how now cow town [əu]--old [әuld]
Oo〔əu〕
口半开半合，舌后微升，过渡成双唇成圆形，发“欧”之长音。是字母o、oa和ow在单词中的发音
(1)o go no nose home open(2)oa goat boat coat(3)ow show know yellow window owner snow
[iә]---ear [iә] 双唇张开岈床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过渡至上卷，从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。是字母ear、ere、ea、eer在单词中的读音(1)ea
real idea
(2)ear
ear
hear dear near clear(3)eer
deer cheer beer(4)ere
here [ɛə]--air[ɛə]
双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开相当宽，舌尖卷上渐至卷后。是字母air、are、ear、ere在单词中的读音 ⑴air
air hair chair fair ⑵are care hare parent ⑶ear pear wear bear ⑷ere there where [uə]--hour
双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，发“屋”之长音，然后从“屋”音过渡到“厄”音。是字母our、oor、ure、eer在单词中的读 ⑴ure
sure ⑵oor
poor ⑶our
tour
元音 /i:/
fee
feed
feet
tea
sea
seek /ɪ/
fit
did
dick
pig
pill
pity /e/
bed
better
beg
bell
best
said /æ/
lab
lack
bag
back
banner
flag /ɑ:/
car
card
bar
bath
far
father / ʌ/
/ɔ:/
/ ɔ /
/ u:/
/ u/
/ ɜ:/
/ə/
/eɪ/
/aɪ/
/ɔɪ/
/ɪə/
/eə/
/ uə/
/əu /
/au /
辅音
/p/
bus door song two good sir
again pay why joy
beer air
tour low now park sum
supper
run
rush
rubber four
form
saw
sought
sorter
sock
sorry
long
loss
dog tool
soon
blue
school
goose
book
stood
fool
cook
put serve
surface
stir
turn
were above
arrive
reader
editor pain
pace
say
save
rain wide
eye
ice
lie
line join
boy
point
coin
choice fear
hear
here
real
theatre care
dare
bear
there
dairy
tourist
poor
sure
during load
hoe
home
hope
know
mouse
loud
mouth
allow
pig
path
lamp
sleep
cap
/b/
bed
lab
book
bit
best
job / t/
tea
tell
meet
hat
spite
waiter /d/
desk
date
dice
and
find
red / k/
key
kiss
keep
cake
ink
week /g/
gate
game
get
egg
ago
leg /f/
fat
fast
feel
first
leaf
wife /v/
very
vast
verb
believe
have
brave /s/
see
seek
son
snow
bus
less /z/
zoo
zero
zeal
lays
size
eyes /θ/
think
thank
thing
cloth
breath /ð/
this
that
then
breathe
with
bathe /ʃ/
sheep
share
shave
push
crash /ʒ/
measure
pleasure
treasure
occasion /tʃ/
chair
cheap
rich
reach
catch /dʒ/
jeep
joke
Jane
large
orange /tr/
tree
trip
try
train
trade
translate /dr/
dress
dry
drive
drop
dream
draw /ts/
treats
streets
waits
gets
meets /dz/
words
birds
kinds
aids
leads / h/
head
heart
how
high
hand / r/
rose
rice
read
river
rain
pretty /m/
make
much
month
member
same /n/
nice
north
name
need
soon /ŋ/
ink
think
thank
angry
thing
sing / j/
yard
yes
yet
year
your
yellow / w/
word
would
world
wake
window / ǀ/
let
life
lake
bell
silk
fool
音节
音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant
A chicken is in the kitchen./ A horse is in the house.A mouse is in the cat’s mouth.A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea 1 元音:
1)[i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2)
发音字母 i y e
sit ture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3)[æ] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4)[e]
字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5)[ε:]
字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6)[ε]
字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7)[a:] 字母组合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8)[:]
发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood 9)[]
字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10)[] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch 11)[u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two
true truth blue full prude 12)
字母组合 oo ou u o look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf 13)[ei]
发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey
14)[ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye
15)[au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16)[εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17)[] 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18)[iε]
字母组合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea 19)[]
字母组合ear air ere pear bear chair air fair there where care 20)[uε]
字母组合our ower hour tour flower shower 2 容易混淆的元音
[A] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid [e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide [aU] [R：]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [aU] [Q]
found fond down done gown gone town ton [A][Q]
fan fun tan tun san son tank tun 3 辅音
1)pen pear play pig pour pull push 2)book big boot bike bread break 3)[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city 4)[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5)[k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky(发音字母k)card cat cream correct climb come account accept(发音字母c)fox box oxygen x-ray(发音字母x)school schedule schema(字母组合ch)6)[g] girl good goal goat grade long language 7)[m] man make moon morning move come comb 8)[n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9)[N] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening
10)[l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11)[r] read red right run room write
12)[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13)[v] very evening even every voice vest of
14)[s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf(发音字母s)license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate(发音字母c)piece juice science lance space ace(字母组合ce)15)[z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16)[W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17)[T] that this those these though 18)[F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure
19)[V] pleasure
20)[h] hot hop home house horse how who 21)[w] when what where window wind wood 22)[j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23)[tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24)[dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk
25)[tr] tree country try treat track trunk 26)[dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27)[ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28)[dz] goods woods moods hoods
1． 字母q总是与u在一起，读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音.2． 字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/(cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop).3． 字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, give);其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust).4． 元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port…rather than rep ort).5． 字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做I(silent, my, type).6． 一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).7． 有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she, 和 he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e, 较长的单词末尾的e不发音)
尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job”(承担一项工作)7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音..7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/.7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母.7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e;Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是 fals).7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye 7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义.如or/ore for/fore.7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音.如treatise giraffe
8.有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子.Her nurse first works early.这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音.还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.9.1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop---hop ped).但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音/ks/.10.2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin---be gin + ning).第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).11.去e规则, 以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e.(come----coming)
12.是ie还是ei? 一般情况下, 应该是ie, 但是1)c之后用ei;2)发字母a的音时, 用ei(neighbor, weigh, vein).还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure.Plus: either weird protein heifer:
13.音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish), 但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship).14.音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音/sh/.常常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如
infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tial music to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cial soci(companion)to so cial / ancien(old)to an cient cruc(cross)to cru cial / speci(kind)to spe cial
15.音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(ses sion)发/sh/, 一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个s(tense---tension), 其中的音素si发/sh/.discuss to dis cus sion / compress to com pres sion / admis to ad mis sion 16.音素si可以发/zh/, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.17.只有一个元音的单音节词,常常双写词尾的l, s, f.比如will, off, miss.有时双音节词也用到这条规则, 如re cess
18.词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a.(bay, day, decay)19.元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音.(find, old)20.s从不在x后, 音素x包含一个/s/音, /ks/.21.去L规则1: all单独出现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).22.去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l.(un til, plen ti ful).23.音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).24.Y变I规则: 进行词尾变化时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i.下列两种情况驻外(1)加-ing,(2)变后会引起音节分裂.city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni est multiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny/denied
25.音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).26.字母开头的z永远发/z/, 不会发/s/.27.音素ed有三个音, 基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾, ed发/ed/(divide---divided, heat---heated);基本词以浊辅音结尾的, ed发/d/(lived), 以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)
28.单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)], 重读音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle.
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