现代大学英语精读5 重点paraphrase+单词总结

第一篇：现代大学英语精读5 重点paraphrase+单词总结

Lesson 1 Paraphrase 1...when I suggested that this behavior might be grounds for sending the student on a brief vacation.(Para 14)One student had some radical comments on the author's class and the author got a little bit angry so that he suggested the school should suspend the student's schooling.But the dean of students thought the author was just too annoyed.The story the speaker tells the audience here is hilarious, but not to be taken seriously.In the United States, university students do write about their professors on their blogs—and write evaluations of their courses, critiquing their professors' teaching skills.So a student could have criticized the speaker for teaching a boring class and the speaker might defend himself by saying that he had a cold.But the story is basically all fantasy.The speaker's serious point may be that students expect professors to entertain them;the professors who are good entertainers receive high evaluations, but the criterion is superficial.Less flashy teachers who think deeply can be the ones from whom the students learn the most.2.Black limousines pulled up in front of his office and disgorged decorously suited negotiators.(Para.16)These were obviously officials from that country's embassy sent to negotiate with the professor about this case.The whole thing had become a tough diplomatic issue.3.Did my pal fold? Nope, he's not the type.But he did not enjoy the process.(Para.16)Did my friend back down? No, he is not the type of person who will easily give up his principles under pressure.But he did not like the experience he had to endure.This again is an interesting anecdote, but not a very good example, because the student involved is too special.4.The idea that a university education really should have no substantial content, should not be about what John Keats was disposed to call Soul-making, is one that you might think professors and university presidents would be discreet about.(Para.19)Professors and presidents do not think the content of the courses really matters much, because they are soon forgotten anyway.It shouldn't be about soul-making either.The speaker is surprised that professors and presidents are actually by and large quite frank about what they think are the aims of education.They do not hide their views because they do not feel embarrassed.soul-making: moral cultivation, character-building, and intellectual development discreet: careful about keeping/preventing something from being known or noticed by many people 言语谨慎的，说话小心不让人抓辫子的

5.…and common sense is something to respect, though not quite—peace unto the formidable Burke—to revere.(Para.28)常识是应该尊重的东西，但不一定崇拜希望其令人钦佩的伯克先生别生气。

6.I learned that if I wanted to affirm any consequential ideal, I had to talk my way past Freud.(Para.34)Since Freud had a very profound understanding in psychology, anytime when the author tries to state his point of view, he will use Freud's opinions to exam his own view, so that the author can get his point of view affirmed or improved.to affirm any consequential ideal: to declare my firm belief in any important ideal to talk my way past Freud: to deal with Freud's views and successfully argue with/refute him before(I can declare my belief in that ideal)7.1.It's been said that raising a child effectively takes a village: Well, as you may have noticed, our American village is not in very good shape.(Para.2)

There is an old saying that it takes the collective effort of a whole village to raise a child properly, that is, the whole village is responsible for the healthy upbringing of a child.our American village is not in very good shape: Note that the speaker is talking about any traditional American village? He is using the word village in a metaphorical sense, taking it to mean the country.8.Brodhead…seems to take as his educational touchstone the Duke of Wellington's percept that the Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton.(老师讲的试卷答案 不确定)Brodhead has a strong belief that what matters in education is outside-class activities, and he takes it as his educational touchstone.9.You'll also, if my father and I are right, be truly and righteously screwed.(Para.24)

Truly and righteously screwed: truly cheated and ruined，and yet you can't blame anybody.Lesson 4 Paraphrase 1...in that profession there are fewer experiences for women than in any other, with the exception of the stage.(1)我的专业是文学，而在这个专业中，妇女的特殊经历比其他专业中妇女面临的特殊经历要少，舞台艺术是个例外。

other professions, such as science, medicine, law, are newer for women, and therefore the road is harder for them, with more experiences peculiar to them.The profession of drama is an exception.Like literature, drama also involves more women than other professions.△ 老师上课讲的意思和课本上的讲解完全相反 这里给的是课本上的讲解 2.No demand was made upon the family purse.(1)There was no need for a writer to spend much of the family money in order to write.Here, the word “purse” in which money is put stands for money, financial circumstances.3 In those days---the last of Queen Victoria---every house had its Angel.(3)This sentence can be interpreted on two levels.On the first level, in the last days of Queen Victoria, every house had a woman like that, who was sympathetic, charming, unselfish and above all pure.On a deeper level, in the last period of the reign of Queen Victoria, the belief that every woman should be sympathetic, charming, unselfish, and above all, pure was prevalent in English society.Be sympathetic;be tender;flatter;deceive;use all the arts and wiles of our sex.(3)As soon as the author began to write her review, she seemed to hear a voice telling her what to do.To be sympathetic means to understand the mind of men and not to disagree with them.To be tender means she must not be too harsh in her criticism.To flatter, she must praise the book in an insincere way in order to please the reading public.To deceive indicates that she could not write what she really thought;she would have to tell lies instead of telling the truth.The author is urged to use the tricks known to the female sex because a woman has to do so in order to be successful in a male-dominated profession.5 Her fictitious nature was of great assistance to her.(3)The phantom or the Angel in the House is not a real person.The author is only personifying it.It does not have a physical form.In fact it is a mental image and has an imaginary nature.It is far more difficult to deal with a phantom than a reality.The reason is explained in the next sentence.她的虚幻本质给她帮了大忙：杀死一个幽灵远比杀死一个真人要困难得多。For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I dout that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.(5)It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions.But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women.And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women.severity: the quality or condition of being severe;strictness, harshness.Words and expressions 1.constitute(3)(1)to make up or form something Twelve months constitute one year.Women take up 70% of the student body at the college.Meaningful letters or characters that constitute readable matter.(2)to be the same as sth., to be equivalent to sth.The court determined that the search of their house constituted to violation of their rights.Failing to complete the work constitutes a breach of the employment contract.(3)to establish or create(an organization)usually used as to be constituted The recently constituted government will hold elections in May.2.befall(3&5): If something unpleasant or dangerous befalls you, it happens to you.Bad luck may befall to anyone at any time.We prayed that no harm should befall them.It's sad to think of the unhappy fate that befell them.Nobody can predict the misery that may befall humankind.3.nose about(5): to look around a place, often in order to find something, especially something private or hidden, to meddle or pry.I caught him nosing around in my office.They are always nosing about in other people's business.He was always nosing about the kitchen, looking in all the cupboards for something to eat.I'll go and nose about for more news.Don't nose about in other people's affairs.4.impede(5)(1)be a hindrance or obstacle to He claims that the economic growth is impeded by government regulations.They were accused of impeding the administration of justice.Nothing can impede his progress.The muddy roads impede our journey.(2)impediment He has a speech impediment.5.on the verge of(5): to be at the point where something is about to happen.She was on the verge of telling all the secret.Jess seemed on the verge of tears.It's an event which left her on the verge of a nervous breakdown.The company is on the verge of bankruptcy.They were on the verge of tears at parting.△edge, border, margin, rim, verge, brim, fringe这些名词均有“边，边缘”之意。Edge:普通用词，指较窄的边沿。Cutting-edge=state of the art技术发展最前沿的 Border:侧重刚好在界线内的一部分表面上，指较宽的边缘，也可指边缘本身。Margin:指物体的空白边，一般较宽。Rim:指圆形或有曲线的物体的边缘。

Verge:指明显地标志一个表在或一广阔空间的边界，或终端线，也指极狭窄的空间。常用作比喻。

Brim:指深容器的内边或河、湖等水域的最高线。Brim over溢出 Fringe:指地毯的须边、围巾的花边、烫发的卷边或人群的边缘。6.nominal(7)(1)existing in the name only, not actual or real.He was the nominal head of the party.Her title of vice president had been nominal only.She charged only a nominal fee for her work.The chairman is only the nominal ruler of the country.(2)nominal value/rate/income etc.If prices keep rising and the nominal wage remains constant, the real wage falls.(3)very small in amount His involvement was nominal.They charged a nominal fee in the service.7.loom(7)(1)appear in a large unclear shape, especially in a threatening way Loom up/out/ahead Suddenly a mountain loomed up in front of them.(2)if a problem or difficulty looms, it's likely to happen very soon.Loom large.An economic crisis is looming large in his mind.Fear of failure loomed large in his mind.Rising tuition costs loom large in the minds of many parents.The candles alight in the room made all things without doors loom strange.Food shortages loom in some parts of Africa.Lesson 5 Paraphrase 1.A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs.(Para.5)1)Ellipsis.He is a nice enough young fellow, you understand, but there is nothing upstairs.2)nothing upstairs:(American slang)empty-headed;a nitwit.A British slang equivalent might be “unfurnished in the upper story.” 2.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.(20)1)Mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrator's brain to a precision instrument and also to a machine that has gears.2)Paraphrase: My brain, which is as precise as a chemist's scales, began to work at high speed.3)slipped into high gear: began to work at high speed or efficiency.A machine is in high gear when the arrangement or gears provide the greatest speed.(S: but little power???)3.but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.(23)Paraphrase: She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I would not let feelings and emotions get the upper hand over reason and good sense.to let my heart rule my head: metonymy.“Heart” stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense.” 4.She was not yet of pin-up proportions,....She already had the makings.(25)Paraphrase: She was not yet as attractive as the women displayed on wall posters, but I felt sure that, given time, she would become just as glamorous.(S: Actually, I expect this refers only to the size of her breasts.)She already had all the physical qualities needed for developing into a very beautiful woman.pin-up:(American colloquialism)a poster showing a sex symbol, designed to be displayed on a wall

proportion: lines, shape of the body supply the lack: supply what is wanting.The narrator implies that time will give her a perfect figure.But he deliberately avoids using explicit words describing female physical attractions.(S: Yes.)makings: the material or qualities needed for the making or development of something 5.She had an erectness of carriage...the best of breeding.(26)1)“Carriage” and “bearing” are synonymous.“Bearing,” in the context, denotes manner of carrying or conducting oneself and refers to characteristic physical and mental posture.“Carriage” also applies to posture, specifically stresses the physical aspects of a person's bearing, e.g.an erect carriage.2)Translation: 她亭亭玉立、体态优雅，这一切都表明她出身高贵。6.In fact she veered in the opposite direction.(27)Paraphrase: In fact, she went in the opposite direction.This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.veer: to change direction;to shift;to turn or swing around 7.if you were out of the picture, the field would be open.(34)1)Metaphor, comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event.2)Paraphrase: If you're no longer dating her, others would be free to court her.3)out of the picture: not considered as involved in a situation 4)field: an area where games or athletic events are held 5)open: free to take part or compete in(games being held in the field)8.It's just been a causal kick---just a few laughs, that's all.“(55)1)A final reason that eases Petey's conscience.We occasionally went out for a bit of fun, that's all.2)casual kick:(American colloquialism)an occasional pleasure;a casual relationship;a passing affair;not a serious commitment 9.One thing I will say for this girl: you would go far to find another so agreeable.(63)Paraphrase: It is not at all easy to find a girl so agreeable.Translation: 这么可爱的人可不容易找。10.Still, I'm nothing if not persistent.(79)This is a case of a double negative making a positive.I am very persistent.Translation: 我要是意志不坚定，我就不是我了。11.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(115)Paraphrase: There is a limit to what any human being can bear.flesh and blood: synecdoche, material for the thing made.12.I determined to acquaint her with my feeling at our very next meeting.(125)13.I ground my teeth.I was not Pygmalion;I was Frankenstein...(138)This action shows extreme exasperation, but the narrator was still trying hard to control his rising temper.1)have sb.by the throat: attack by seizing and squeezing one's throat 2)The narrator makes two well-chosen allusions-to Pygmalion and to Frankenstein.He planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for himself, but he becomes Frankenstein for Polly(his student)who(S:?)ultimately rejects him(her teacher).Words and expressions 1.pedantic(paragraph 3)pedant: a person who annoys other people by correcting small errors.a dull pedant A pedantic insistence on following rules exactly.墨守成规 be pedantic about: be very particular about Some people can be very pedantic about punctuation.It was pedantic rather than reasonable, just to the point of being grotesque.He is learned, but neither stuffy nor pedantic.2.submit(5)submit an application/claim/proposal etc.Derek has agreed to submit to questioning They refused to submit to the unjust decision.He submitted unwillingly to his mother.submit that...= the way sb.looks at it.I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in the case.3.flight(8)(1)a formation of aircraft in flight The flight of a bullet/baseball/rocket to the moon An overnight flight/ a translantic flight(2)a stairway(set of steps)between one floor or landing and the next Her apartment is five flights up.He fell down a flight of stairs.(3)the act of escaping physically The sound of danger gives wings to his flight.The bandits, hearing steps, took to flight.(4)passing above and beyond ordinary bounds Flight of fancy/imagination/fantasy(5)a flock of flying birds A flight of geese A flight of refugees A bird in flight 4.in the swim(17): at the center of action and up-to-date with the latest information and trends.I don't know about it exactly.I don't think even those who are in the swim can tell you about it.Although I'm retired, voluntary work keeps me in the swim 5.covet(23): to have a very strong desire to have something that someone else has.The Michelin Awards are coveted by restaurants all over the world.His religion warns against coveting material goods.We do not covet anything from any nation.Never covet what is not yours, for it is a sin to steal a pin.6.carriage(26)(1)a rail car where passengers ride;a vehicle with wheels drawn by one or more horses(2)characteristic way of bearing one's body She has a supple, graceful carriage.7.go steady(30&147): to have a regular romantic or sexual relationship with a particular person.He asked me if he could go steady with me? He preferred play the field than go steady.8.wax(50)(1)cover with wax He waxed the car.(2)increase in phase;Interest in the story seems to wax and wane depending on other news.Her feelings for John wax and wane Why should the moon have wax and wane? wax sentimental/eloquent/lyrical/nostalgic/poetic etc.about He asxed nostalgic about his childhood.= He talked/wrote nostalgically about his childhood.9.bat(70): to hit the ball with a bat in cricket or baseball The cat batted the balloon with its paws.He was trying to bat the flies away with his newspaper bat one's eyes/eyelashes(usually used to described woman flirting)not bay an eye/eyelid: not seem to be shocked, surprised or embarrassed.They started talking about sex, but she didn't bat an eyelid.10.fraught(98): causing or having a lot of emotional stress or worry.a fraught of silence/atmosphere fraught with: full of(usually something bad)

Fraught with problems/difficulties/dangers/errors etc.The journey was fraught with difficulties The expedition into the jungle was fraught with danger 11.hamstring(119): to make sb.Unable to take action they want or need to take.The president feels he is hamstrung by the Congress.The state prosecutors and police organizations were adamantly opposed, believing that videotaping would be expensive and cumbersome, and would hamstring their ability to close cases The project was hamstrung by lack of funds.12.overcome(151)He struggled to overcome his shyness.His financial problems could no longer be overcome.I was overcome by a sense of failure.The girl appeared to be overcome with homesickness.overcome with Charles was overcome with grief.When news of the General's death came, soldiers were overcome with grief.Lesson 6 Paraphrase 1.Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think, is where Creation was begun.(Para.1)Paraphrase: The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.Translation: 大地的景色激活了你的想象力，使你相信整个宇宙的创始就从这里开始。Note: Different cultures and religions have different myths about how the universe began.The Creation, with a capitalized ”C“ and the definite article ”the,“ is a theological term, meaning the act by God, according to the Bible, of making the universe, including the world and everything in it.Here the author capitalizes the word but omits the article ”the,“ perhaps to show that he is talking about the creating of the universe as a Kiowa imagines.Later in the essay he talks about the emergence of his people according to the Kiowa myth.2.But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than of survival.(Para.3)Paraphrase: Warfare was important for the Kiowa more because of their militant tendency than because of their need for survival.In other words, the Kiowa often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, character, nature, not because they needed extra land or material gain for the sake of surviving and thriving.disposition: a particular type of character which makes someone more likely to behave or react in a certain way;temperament;an inclination, tendency.The word disposition is used to refer to the normal or prevailing aspect of one's nature.性情，性格，癖性，意向

Translation: 对于基奥瓦人来说，打仗主要是性情使然，而不是为了生存的需要。3.… and they never understood the grim, unrelenting advance of the U.S.Cavalry.(Para.3)Paraphrase: The Kiowa didn't know why the U.S.Cavalry kept advancing toward them so cruelly and relentlessly.grim: fierce;cruel;savage.unrelenting: relentless, refusing to yield;inflexible.Note: Why didn't the Kiowa understand the grim, unrelenting advance of the U.S.Cavalry? Wars were common among different Indian tribes.The cause of war was simple.They either fought for the simple necessity of survival or to display their bravery.When one side won a battle, they would typically stop advancing upon their defeated enemy but would celebrate their victory.Yet, the U.S.Cavalry seemed different.They never gave up advancing even when they won.This puzzled the Indians.The truth is that the U.S.Cavalry was sent to accompany and protect the non-Indian, mostly white, settlers.In the 19th century, the American frontier kept moving westward.This westward expansion brought constant conflicts between Native Americans and non-Indian newcomers.When such conflicts occurred, the U.S.Government and Army would invariably be on the side of the latter.4.My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years.(Para.3)Paraphrase: Luckily, my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.to spare: to save or free a person from something(e.g.to spare someone trouble)Translation: 幸运的是，我的祖母晚出生了十来年，所以她免受围困在灰色高墙里当囚犯的耻辱。5.From one point of view, their migration was the fruit of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.(Para.4)Paraphrase: In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.an old prophecy: This refers to their origin myth.the sunless world: This refers to the mountains of Montana where they had lived before their migration to the Great Plains.Those mountains were so high and were covered with such dense forests that the sunlight could not penetrate them.Translation: 从某种意义上说，他们的迁移证实了他们的古老神话传说，因为他们确实来自一个不见阳光的世界。

6.Clusters of trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away and wonder to build upon the mind.(Para.7)Paraphrase: The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass.This landscape makes one see far and broadens one's horizon.Note: Remember that they could not see far into the distance in the forest-covered mountains.cause the vision to reach away: make one see far into the distance, broaden one's horizon cause...wonder to build upon the mind: cause wonder to grow, make their imagination grow Translation: 一丛丛的树以及远处吃草的动物使得人们的视线变得开阔，增强了想象力。7.… so exclusive were they of all mere custom and company.(Para.10)Paraphrase: The meaning of this sentence is that his grandmother's prayers did not follow any customary way of praying, and she did not want anyone else to hear them.exclusive(of): not including or allowing for(e.g.the cost exclusive of taxes)custom and company: Alliteration again.”Custom“ means a usual practice, a habitual way of behaving;habit.”Company“ means companionship, a group of people gathered for a social purpose, etc.Translation: 祖母的祷告既不遵守习惯，也不需要别人的参与。

8.Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, she seemed beyond the reach of time.(Para.10)Paraphrase: In this way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless;it seemed that she would live forever.to transport: carry away with emotion;entrance beyond the reach of time: timeless.The implied meaning is that she would live forever.Translation: 她是那样的情不自禁，在屋影的跳动光线中，她显得超越了时间的掌控。9.The women might indulge themselves;gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude.(Para.12)Paraphrase: On such occasions, the women could do what they liked to do but normally couldn't do, such as gossiping, joking and making loud, elaborate talk among themselves.Gossip revealed their position as servants of men and was also a reward for their servitude.to indulge oneself: to give way to one's own desires Translation: 在这样的场合，妇女们可以借机稍事放纵，做点自己喜欢做而平时不能做的事，比如聚在一起七嘴八舌地闲聊，这既表明她们的伺候男人的地位，也是对服务劳动的回报。

Words and expressions 1.knoll: a small natural hill 2.writhe: to move in a twisting or contorted motion,(especially when struggling);The prisoner writhed in discomfort.3.infirm(1)lacking bodily or muscular strength or vitality She's old and infirm and has to keep to the house.(2)lacking firmness of will or character or purpose It's an infirm title to property.4.headwaters: the source of a river the headwaters of the Nile 5.fork: the region of the angle formed by the junction of two branches We came to a fork in the road and could not decide which fork we should take.6.slave(1)work very hard, like a slave We are born to slave it for our lord.(2)a person who is owned by someone This slave dreamed of becoming a freeman.7.engender: call forth Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.8.consummate(1)having or revealing supreme mastery or skill a consummate artist(2)perfect and complete in every respect;having all necessary qualities.a complete gentleman(3)make perfect;bring to perfection His ambition was consummated when he received his doctor's degree from Cambridge.9.sacrifice(1)a loss entailed by giving up or selling something at less than its value He had to sell his car at a considerable sacrifice.(2)kill or destroy The animals were sacrificed after the experiment.The general had to sacrifice several soldiers to save the regiment.10.beadwork: ornamentation with beads 11.warlord: supreme military leader exercising civil power in a region especially one accountable to nobody when the central government is weak All these movements were suppressed by the warlord government.12.hie: move fast He rushed down the hall to receive his guests.The cars raced down the street.Lesson 7 Paraphrase 1.It was that they, much more than other books, had the demeanor and trappings of authority.(1)Translation: 是因为和其他书比起来，历史书看起来充满了权威。

2.Columbus is far from being the only personage to have suffered from time and revision.(4)Paraphrase: Columbus is not the only historical figure who has been forgotten or marginalized by the rewriting of school history textbooks.personage: a person(often used to express their importance, or elevated status)Person, individual, and personage are terms applied to human beings.Person is the most general and common word: the average person.Individual views a person as standing alone or as a single member of a group: the characteristics of the individual.Personage is used(sometimes ironically)of an outstanding or illustrious person: We have a distinguished personage visiting us today.3.Their orthodoxy, it seemed, left no handholds for attack, no lodging for decay.(7)This is an explanation of the earlier sentence, an elaboration of what FitzGerald meant by ”permanent“ and ”self-contained.“ handhold: something for a hand to grip lodging: being fixed, implanted, or caught in a place or position decay: the process of declining in quality, power, or vigor Paraphrase:

It seemed that the ideas that the textbooks advocated could not possibly be challenged and that they would remain true forever.Translation: 历史书的正统观念看起来无懈可击, 永不衰败。

4.Such passages have a familiar ring.Amid all the problems, the deus ex machina of science still dodders around in the gloaming of pious hope.have a familiar ring: sound or seem as though one has already heard of something.Example: That story has a familiar ring;I'm sure I've read it before.Paraphrase: Such paragraphs remind us of an earlier version of how technological advances were looked upon as the magic bullet for all sorts of problems.pious hope: a wish or hope that is unlikely to be fulfilled

FitzGerald uses personification to describe how people have placed unrealistic hope in the power of science—science lingers on as ”a god from a machine“ that…though unrealistic hopes for its efficacy persist.Paraphrase: Americans still look upon science as an easy solution to all the problems, although we all know this is a hope that is unlikely to be fulfilled.Translation: 在问题面前，美国人仍然希望科学之神能够从天而降，神奇地解决一切问题，但这样的愿望虚无缥缈、不切实际。

Words and expressions 1.abject(1)

(1)extremely bad or severe They were in abject misery.The project ended in abject failure.(2)very humble, feeling or showing shame He offered an abject apology.The most abject slaves joined in the revolt.(3)very weak, lacking courage or strength She thought he was an abject coward.2.homage(1)

(1)respect or honor People bowed in homage to the king as he passed away.Her paintings pay homage to women artists to the past.Mary came to pay homage to the dead man.(2)something that is done to honor sb./ sth.Her book is an homage to her favorite city.3.rise to prominence(4)

A coffeehouse chain like Starbucks can rise to prominence by creating an imitation of Milan's espresso bars.prominence: the fact of important and being well-known come to/rise to/achieve/gain prominence as something She first came/rose to prominence as an artist in 1989.He quickly gained prominence in medical circles.give something prominence: to treat something as something important.Every newspaper gave prominence to the success of England's footballers.4.walk-on: a minor part in a play or movie In the early stage of his acting career, Mr.Zhou always played walk-on roles.5.implacable(7): opposed to somebody in an angry way Charley is the implacable enemy of mine.He has an implacable hatred for his opposed opponents.The government faces implacable opposition on the issue of nuclear waste.implacably They are implacably opposed to his proposals.He remained implacably opposed to Stalin's regime all his life.implacable opposition 6.embodiment(7): someone or something represents or is very typical of an idea or quality Beauty is the embodiment of character.General Zarodd was depicted as the embodiment of evil.7.rattletrap(8): any machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly, a shaky, rattling aspect.How can anyone be comfortable in such a miserable old rattletrap of a place of this? Then the car, which was nothing but an old rattletrap affair, was allowed to burn up.They are more than the ground looks forward to the money scrape up that will work to come down jointly, rebuild the rattletrap old building in the home.8.have a familiar ring(8): to seem or sound like something you have heard or seen before Her name had a familiar ring to it.I didn't know who is talking, but his voice had a familiar ring.The story had a familiar ring to it(= as if I had heard it before).9.amount to(10)His investments amount to five million dollars.What he said amounts to a flat refusal though he didn't put it explicitly.10.spectrum(11)

(1)the group of colors that a ray of light can be separated.Beautiful scarves in all the colors of spectrum.(2)a complete range of different ideas, opinions etc.There's a wide spectrum of opinions on this problem.across idedogical/ political/ cultural/ methodological spectrum the whole/ full spectrum of..= a wide range of..The city's populations represent a broad spectrum of society.The documentary is an attempt to explore the whole spectrum of 20th century.11.stage(11)

(1)to produce on a stage

Maya Angelou first staged the play ”And I Still Rise“ in the late 1970s.(2)to organize and produce a public event The student staged a protest/ demonstration/ sit-in.The prisoners are staging a hunger strike.Last week our school staged a track meet.(3)to arrange or do something that is intended to get a lot of public attention The photo of the two leaders shaking hands was deliberately staged.12.accord(11)(1)go together accord with something = to be in agreement with something His interpretation of data did not accord with the facts.The punishment accorded with the current code of discipline.Your behavior does not accord with your principle.(2)allow to have He was accorded certain favors because of his age.Her students accorded her respect.= She was accorded respect by her students.We accord great importance to education.Every school accords high priority to the quality of teaching.13.paragon(12)an ideal instance;a perfect embodiment of a concept paragon of

He's no moral paragon.The company is a paragon of modern manufacturing techniques.The professor is a paragon of virtue and learning.14.transcend(13): to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of something The music transcend anything she had heard before.She was able to transcend her own suffering and help others.15.There is no such thing as There is no such thing as a free lunch/ bad publicity/ a stupid questioning.16.Leave one to one's fate = abandon one to one's fate: to abandon somebody to whatever happen, possibly death or some other unpleasant events There were forced to leave the miners to their fate.17.appreciably: to a noticeable degree Her appearance has not changed appreciably.18.in step with somebody/something = in agreement with: at the same speed or level as somebody or something else She is very much in step with times.Gasoline prices rise in step with oil prices.He found it hard to stay/keep in step with the rapid changes.Lesson 10 Paraphrase 1.Such girls live in quiet black neighborhoods where everybody is gainfully employed.(2)where everybody is gainfully employed: where everybody has a good and steady job 每个人都有一份稳定的好工作

gainfully: producing gain, profitable All the details about the quiet black neighborhoods, porch swings, neatly cut grass, and potted plants lining the steps and windowsills indicate that these brown girls live in pretty houses.According to white, middle-class values, a pretty and comfortable house is one of the essentials of a happy home.In the primer used at the beginning of the novel, the first quality of the happy family is a pretty house: ”Here is the house.It is green and white.It has a red door.It is very pretty.“ 2.In short, how to get rid of the funkiness.(3)Note:

This is another incomplete sentence.A complete sentence would be: In short, the whole purpose of their education is to get rid of the funkiness.In the author's opinion, the funkiness is an important aspect of the black character.So, getting rid of the funkiness is alienating black people from their black cultural heritage.funkiness: ”Funkiness“ is obviously an important word in our text.It is repeated three times in the next sentence, and the word ”funk“ is capitalized in Paragraph 4.Yet, it is hard to explain the exact meaning of this term, and even harder to find a single Chinese equivalent for it.As a music genre it is translated into 放克 in Chinese.”Funky“ has several meanings.It is associated with a jazz style having an earthy quality derived from early blues or gospel music.It may mean unconventional, eccentric, offbeat, etc.It also may mean very emotional, informal, relaxed, casual, etc.Funk is associated with spontaneity and sensuality.A number of Chinese terms may be applied to describe ”funky“: 自然原始的，质朴的，本性的

3.Nor do they know that she will give him her body sparingly and partially.(6)As the brown girl defines sex as vulgar and indecent, she will not enjoy normal sexual life thoroughly and wholly but will restrain herself in making love with her husband.4...until four o'clock, when the intruder comes home from work vaguely anxious about what's for dinner.(8)The intruder is her husband.She has built her own territory, in which the only living thing that engages her affection is the cat.Before her husband comes home she has played and dozed off with the cat peacefully so that her husband is like an intruder.5.A son.Named Junior.(9)6.There she built her nest, ironed shirts, potted bleeding hearts, played with her cat, and birthed Louis Junior.(10)She is one of the standard brown girls who live a meaningless and monotonous life.7.She had seen this little girl all of her life.(48)Geraldine had seen black girls like Pecola in many places and at many times in the past.8.The girls grew up knowing nothing of girdles, and the boys announced their manhood by turning the bills of their caps backward.Paraphrase:

As the girls were growing into young women, they had never worn girdles to make their figure look slimmer, and thus more elegant;and when the boys grew up, they just began to wear their caps with the bills turned backward to indicate that they had become adults.Note:

As we know, in some cultures, manhood is announced and celebrated with certain formal rites.However, for these poor black boys, there was no ritual ceremony to mark this important stage of their lives, except for taking up some habits that adult men had, such as smoking or turning the bills of their caps backward.girdle: a piece of women's underwear which fits tightly around her stomach, bottom and hips and makes her look thinner manhood: the state or time of being a man bill: the peak or visor of a cap Translation: 这些女孩发育成大人了，却不知紧身褡为何物。而男孩子把鸭舌帽的帽檐转到后脑勺就算宣布自己是成人了。

9.The cat shuddered and flicked his tail.(51)10.She held her head down against the cold.But she could not hold it low enough to avoid seeing the snowflakes falling and dying on the pavement.(53)In the concluding paragraph of the story, the author loads meaning into the description of how Pecola walked away from the house in cold wind.A cold wind was blowing and snow was falling.The snowflakes were falling and dying on the pavement.Why is the word ”dying" chosen for describing the falling snowflakes? Doesn't that imply that something in the heart of Pecola also died? We can see that the cold wind and snow reflect the coldness Pecola felt after the event;the coldness in nature reflects the coldness in human relationships.Translation: 外面，三月的风吹进了她撕破的衣裙。她顶着冷风，垂着头。不过，头垂得再低，她也看得到雪花纷纷飘落到人行便道上并立刻消融。

Words and expressions 1.sway(1)a swinging movement from side to side(2)literary power to rule or influence people under somebody's sway She was completely under his sway.These old attitudes still hold sway in the church.2.grit: determination and courage The council is responsible for putting grit on icy roads.3.bout a bout of depression/flu/sickness etc.a bout of employment 4.whine He could hear the dog whining behind the door.whine about They do not sweat and whine about their condition.5.bill

give somebody a clean bill of health

第二篇：《现代大学英语精读5》教案

英语专业精读授课教案（第五册）

Lesson One Where Do We Go from Here

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the rhetorical device in the text

Teaching difficulties: how to identify the rhetorical device in the sentence and understand the

implication for some sentences

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

I.Background information:

The 1960s were turbulent times for the United States.The anti-war movement, the Civil Right movement, the counter-culture movement, the feminist movement were all unfolding in this period of time.The civil Rights movement was a major movement which began with the Supreme Court decision of Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 and the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955.Martin Luther King jr.(1929-1968), as a key leader of the movement, played a significant and irreplaceable role.His name is associated with the march on Washington in 1963 and his famous speech ― I have a dream‖, delivered in front of the Lincoln Memorial.He was awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.this speech, delivered in 1967, in more on the side of reasoning and persuasion and less on emotional appeal.Thus his analysis of riots and revolution in the united states in his speech is sound and convincing.On the night of April4.1968, King was shot dead, as he stood o the balcony of his hotel in Memphis, Tennessee.Part II.Details studies of the text

Part III.Structure of the text:

Part i.Para.1—2 Martin Luther King link the theme of the speech with the question of “Where we are now”.That is, in order to know where we go from here we must first recognize where we are now.Without knowing our present situation, how can we design a policy for the future?

Part ii Para.3--5 This is a transitional paragraph to call for all the African-American must ―rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood‖.Part iii(Para.6--9)In this part the author puts forward the second task: how to organize the strength of the Negro in terms of economic and political power.Then the author goes on to define power and points out the consequence of the misinterpretation of power.Part iv(Paras.10--15)This part deals with economic security for the Negro Americans.The speaker advocates guaranteed annual income which he thinks is possible and achievable.He also deals on the advantages of this security.Part v(paras.16—20)In this part, Martin reaffirms his commitment to nonviolence.He explains why he thinks violence is no solution to racial discrimination.He refutes the idea of Black revolution.Part vi(para 21—25)In this part, Dr.King raises a fundamental question—the restructuring of the whole of American society.He points out that the problem of racism.The problem of economic exploitation and the problem of war are tied together.They are the triple evils of the society.Part vii.(para 26—28)This part serves as the concluding remark for the speech: we shall overcome.Lesson Two Two Kinds

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.present their viewpoint on generation gap

Teaching difficulties: how to identify the development of a story

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Background information:

The Joy Luck Club, from which ―Two Kinds‖ is taken, explores conflicts between two generations and two different cultures.Set in China and in the United States, the novel is woven by stories of four Chinese mothers and their four daughters.Four Chinese women, who have just arrived in the United States and who are drawn together by the shadow of their past—meet in San Francisco to play mah-jongg, eat dim sum and tell stories.They call their gatherings the Joy Luck Club.While they place high hopes on their daughters, the youger generation think of themselves as Americans and resist their mothers’ attempts to change them into obedient Chinese daughters.Only after they have grown up and become more mature do they realize that the legacy left by their mothers is an important part of their lives, too.The noivel stayed on the best-selling book list of The New York Times for 9 months.A finalist for the national Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award, it has been translated into about 20 languages and made into a Hollywood movie.Part II.Detailed Study of the Text

Part III.The Structure of the text:

Part i(paras.1—3)the beginning part of the story provides the reader with some background information.It tells about the mother and her hopes for her daughter.This paves the way ofr the development of the conflict between the daughter and the mother.Part ii(paras.4—11)this part is about the mother’s unsuccessful attempt to change her daughter into a Chinese Shirley Temple.In the beginning the child was as excited as the mother about becoming a prodigy.At this point, the conflict between mother and daughter was not visible.Part iii(paras12—20)in this part we learn that the mother was trying very hard to train her daughter to be a genius.As the tests got more and more difficult, the daughter lost heart.She decided that she would not let her mother change her.This change of attitudes would lead to the gradual development of the conflict.Part iv(paras 21—28)while watching a Chinese girl playing the piano on an Ed Sullivan Show, a new idea flashed into the mother’s head.With the new plan introduced, the ocnflict would develop further.Part v(paras 29—46)it tells about how the girl was made to learn the piano under the instructions of Old Chong.The relationship between mother and daughter was getting more and more tense.Part vi(para.47—60)Jing-mei was to perform in a talent show held in the church.Jing-mei started all right and soon made a mess of her performance.Undoubtedly this was a heavy blow to her mother.The crisis of the story is about to come.Part vii(para 61—76)the girl assumed that her failure at the show meant she would never have to play the paino.Yet two days later her mother urged her to practice as usual.She refused and the mother insisted.They had the most fierce quarrel they had ever had.This is the crisis or climax of the story.Part viii(77—93)this concluding part is narrated from a different point of view.Now the daughter had grown up form a little girl to a mature woman.Part IV.Discussion about generation gap.Part V.Complete the exercises of the text.A report about generation gap

Lesson Three

Goods Move.People Move.Ideas Move.And Cultures Change.Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.How to develop an argument

Teaching difficulties: how to develop an argument

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Lead-in : Globalization has become one of those words with the highest frequency of appearance but at the same time it is also a most controversial issue in terms of content, implication and consequence.Since the early 1990s, globalization has developed rapidly and brought great changes to the world.However, groups of people for various reasons oppose globalization and point to the negative effects of globalization.So when we face an article of such an important and sensitive issue, we are apt to ask:

What is the author’s attitude towards globalization? What makes her adopt such an attitude? How does she present her argument?

Part II.Detailed study of the text

Part III.Structure of the text

Part i(para 1—3)Globalization is a reality but it is not something complietly new.What is new is the speed and scope of changes.Part ii(para 4—6)this part deals with different views on globalization.Part iii(para 7—9)three points are made in this part:

a.Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either.b.Cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who compose them.c.Teenagers are one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures.Part iv(para 10—13)this part tells of the author’s experience with Amanda Freeman.Part v(para 14—19)in order to prove fusion is the trend, the author used Tom Soper and mah-jongg as an example.Part vi(para 20—24)this part describes the cultural trends in Shanghai.Part viii(para25—28)the author used the experience at Shanghai Theatre Academy to illustrate the point that the change is at the level of ideas.Part ix(para 29—34)the author in this part introduced Toffler’s view on conflict, change and world order.Part x(para35—36)the main idea is there will not be a uniform world culture in the future;the cultures will coexist and transform each other.Part xii(37—39)the author again used an example in Shanghai to illustrate the transformation of culture.Part IV.Complete the exercises in the textbook

Part V.collect their viewpoints about attitude towards globalizaion.Lesson Four

Professions for Women

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the rhetorical device in the text

Teaching difficulties: how to understand the poetic and symbolic sentences in the article

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Background information: Virginia Woolf is generally regarded as one of the greatest writers of modernism as well as one of the pioneers of women’s liberation from patriarchy.She is known for her experimentation and innovation in novel writing.In her novel, emphasis is on the psychological realm of her characters and the moment-by-moment experience of living, which are depicted by the techniques of interior monologue and stream of consciousness.In this essay, Virginia Woolf gives a clear and convincing presentation of the obstacles facing professional women.Part II.Detailed study of the text

Part III.General analysis of the text

Para 1: In the profession of literature, the author finds that there are fewer experiences peculiar to women than in other profession because many women writers before her have made the road smooth.Para 2: the author responds to the host’s suggestion that she should tell the audience something about her own professional experiences.So she now tells her own story –how she became a book reviewer when she was a girl.Para 3.the speaker focuses on the first obstacle to becoming a professional women writer.She uses a figure of speech ―killing the Angel in the House‖ in describing her determination to get rid of the conventional role of women in her writing.Para 4.after the Angel was dead, the question which remains to be answered is ―what is a woman?‖ it is a transitional link between the quthor’s first and second experience.Paragraph 5.In this paragraph the author talks about her second experience in her profession of literature.As a novelist, she wished to remain “as unconscious as possible” so that nothing might disturb or disquiet the imagination.But she was faced with the conflict between her own approach to art and the conventional approach expected of her by male critics.She believed that sex-consciousness was a great hindrance to women's writing.To illustrate this point, she employs a second figure of speech, “the image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake.”

Para 6.This paragraph sums up the author's two experiences, pointing out that the second obstacle is more difficult to overcome than the first.Women have many prejudices to overcome in the profession of literature and especially in new professions that women are entering.Para.7.In this last paragraph Woolf concludes her speech by raising some important questions concerning the new role of women and the new relationship between men and women.Part IV.Complete the exercise of the text

Part V.a report on the professional women in China

Lesson Five

Love Is a Fallacy

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the rhetorical device in the text

Teaching difficulties: how to identify the rhetorical device in the sentence and understand the

implication for some sentences

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Lead-in:

This is a humorous essay in which the narrator tells his failure to win the heart of a young woman with the force of logic, which therefore proves to him that “love is a fallacy”--“it is inconsistent with logic.”

Part II.Detailed study of the text

Part III.Question on Appreciation:

1.How did the narrator describe himself? What does it show? How does the author bring out the pomposity of the narrator? What makes the satire humorous?

2.why was the narrator interested in Polly Espy? What kind of girl was she.3.How did the narrator's first date with Polly Espy go?

4.How does the language used by Polly strike you? Find some examples from the text and explain what effect her language creates.5.Why did the narrator teach Polly Espy logic? Did he succeed?

6.Did the narrator love Polly Espy? How did he try to “acquaint her with his feeling”?

7.How did Polly respond to the narrator's arguments for going steady with her? Why did she reject him? What does it show? As the story progresses, Polly turned out to be smarter than the narrator had previously thought.How does this contrast contribute to the humor of the piece?

Part IV complete the exercise in the text

Lesson Six

Life Beyond Earth

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.learn to analyze the text

Teaching difficulties: how to learn to analyze the text and understand the implication for some sentences

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.General introduction:

The author deals with recent developments in the search for alien organisms.He discusses various arguments about alien civilization.He does not think that such belief and search is irrational or even crazy.He writes that most people with such belief ―operate from the same instinct, which is to know the truth about the universe‖.At the same time he maintains a scientific attitude, pointing out that although there are many persuasive arguments, there is still no hard evidence to prove the existence of alien life.Yet he does not stop there.He further points out that since the world we live in—the only inhabitable world in the universe so far—is still far from perfect, people in the world need to direct more energy to making it better.Life on Earth is his greater concern.Part II.Detailed study of the text:

Part III.Organization of the piece:

1.Analysis of the text:

(1)Paras.1--2

the emergence of life

(2)Para.3

(transition)What else is alive out

(3)Paras.4--10

search for life

(4)Paras.11--23

search for intelligence

(5)Paras.24--42

Mars.(6)Paras.43--45

Dyson's argument

(7)Paras.46--52

conclusion

2.Questions to discuss:

1)What do you think of the opening paragraph? Does the author begin the article in a forceful way?

2)What role does this paragraph play? What is meant by “the enveloping nebula of uncertainties”? What is the contrast involved as imroduced by “despite”?

3)What new idea is introduced in Paras.17--19?

4)Comment on the first sentence in Paragraph 21.5)Comment on the role of Paragraph 35.6)What is the conclusion of the author? What would the author expect of people investigating extraterrestrial life?

Lesson Seven

Invisible Man

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the implied meaning of some sentences

Teaching difficulties: how to identify the implied meaning in the sentence

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Background Information: 1.about the author

2.about the article

Part II.Detailed study of the text

Part III.Analysis of the text:

Para 1.From this opening paragraph we readers can learn a number of important things:

(l)By saying “It goes a long way back, some twenty years,” the author tells us that the story took place in the past.(2)The “I' here is the narrator, not the author, of the story, and the author is using the first-person narration in telling the story.As we read On, we will find this narrator is also the main character, the protagonist, of the story.(3)Words like ”I was looking for myself“ and ”I am nobody but myself“ point out the central theme of the novel--searching for self-identity.Para.2

This paragraph tells us a bit about the historical background against place.It also introduces a new character--the narrator's grandfather.On his deathbed, he said something that alarmed and puzzled the whole family.Para 3

This paragraph is about the tremendous effect of the grandfather's words upon the narrator, Those words became a constant puzzle for him.As the old man said these words ironically, the boy couldn't understand him.Although the grandfather did not appear in the battle royal scene or any other events in the rest of the book, his words haunted the narrator at every important moment in his life.Para 4

It tells us about the setting of the battle royal.The narrator was to give his speech at a smoker in a leading hotel in the town.The time is round 1950, the place is a hotel in a Southern town, and the occasion is a gathering of the leading white men of the town.Bearing these in mind will help us readers understand why things happened that way and what was the meaning of all this.Para.5 Besides giving more details about the place, this paragraph introduces the people involved in the incident the town's big shots, who were ”wolfing down the buffet food, drinking beer and whisky and smoking black cigars,“ and the other black boys who were to take part, who were ”tough guys".Para 6 to 9

The main body of the battle royal incident is from Paragraph 4 to paragraph 9.It can be further divided into 4 subsections: the naked white girl's dance;the fight itself;the grabbing for the prize money;the narrator's speech.Paragraphs 6 to 9 form the first subsection in which the author describes the white girl's dance.Paras.10--28 They form the second subsection of the battle royal incident violent and brutal fight itself.Pay attention to the use of specific words narration realistic and vivid.Paras.29--46 They describe how the white men further humiliated the black boys even after the battle royal was over.Instead of giving the money the boys were supposed to get for their performance, the white men made fun of them by making them scramble for the money on an electrified rug.This part adds to the general chaos of the whole scene.Para 47--90 They form the last subsection of the whole battle royal incident.In this part the narrator finally got his chance to deliver his well-prepared speech.However, in the middle of his speech, he made a mistake, but everything went well in the end and he was given an award--a scholarship for college.Para.91—94 They bring the story to a final end.The narrator was overjoyed with his triumph, and that night he dreamed of his grandfather and awoke with the old man’s laughter rining in his ears.Part IV.Complete the exercise in the text

Part V.Do some translation work.Lesson Eight

The Merely Very Good

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the development of the text

Teaching difficulties: how to analyze the development of the article and the implied meaning for some sentences

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Information on the author:

Jeremy Bernstein(1929-): professor of physics and writer.After getting his Ph.D.in physics at Harvard, he spent time at the institute for advanced study in Princeton and at the National Science Foundation.He taught physics for 5years at New York University and then at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey.But Jeremy Bernstein has also spent more than 30 years on the staff of The New Yorker magazine, writing mostly about physics, computers, and other topics in physical science.He moves as comfortably among sentences and paragraphs as among equations.Part II.Detailed study of the text:

Part III.Questions about the article

1.Oppenteimer is called ― Father of the Atomic Bomb‖ and had been in charge of the Los Alamas nuclear laboratory for many years.Yet the author considers him as merely very good.Do you think the author is right and fair in relegating Oppenheimer to the merely very good?

2.Do you think it is right to say to be highly focused or not is the cause separating the great ones from the merely very good? What is your view?

3.How does the author manage to bring the people he wants to compare into the article?

Oppenheimer’s anecdote: Oppenheimer and dirac meeting

Gottingen, talking about poetry and physics

His decision to go to the conference

Spender’s being at the conference—Spender’s obsession with Auden—great versus merely very good.4.How does the author develop the article?

He uses the 1981 conference as the benchmark and goes back to earlier times and in the last two paragraphs returns the scene to the time of writing.This technique of montage is used largely in cinema.For example:

The 1981 conference and the author’s indecision—(flashback to 1925—1927)earlier life of Oppenheimer and his relations with Dirac—(back to 1981)the author’s decision: Spender and Auden—(flashback)Spender and Oppenheimer(1956)—(1958)Oppenheimer, Dirac and the author—(back to 1981)meeting with Spender—(bringing the scene to 1996)concluding remarks.Lesson Nine

The Way to Rainy Mountain

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the rhetorical device in the text

Teaching difficulties: how to identify the rhetorical device in the sentence and understand the

implication for some sentences

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.About the Author

N.Scott Momaday was born in Lawton, Oklahoma in 1934.Momaday belongs to a generation of American Indians born when most tribal communities had long ceased to exist as vital social organizations.His Kiowa ancestors shared with other Plains Indians the horrors of disease, military defeat, and cultural and religious deprivation in the 19th century.Their only chance of survival was to adapt themselves to new circumstances.Momaday’s grandfather, for example, adjusted to changing conditions by taking up farming, a decision pressed upon him by the General Allotment Act of 1887.Part II.Detailed study of the text

Part III.The analysis of the text

Para 1.the opening paragraph of the essay is a lyrical description of the author’s ancestral land, which plays a key role in his exploration of his Kiowa identity.Para 2.the author explains his purpose of his visit to Rainy Mountain: to be at his grandmother’s grave.Para 3.it sums up the history of the Kiowas as a Plains Native culture—the golden time and the decline in their history.Para 4.it is about how the Kiowas migrated from western Montana and how the migration transformed the Kiowas.Para 5.the author returns to his grandmother again.Since she is the immediate reason for him to come to Rainy Mountain, she is the link between the author and his ancestors.Para 6.The Kiowas felt a sense of confinement in Yellowstone, Montana.Para 7.this paragraph is a depiction of the landscape which they came upon when they got out of the highlands in Montana.Para 8.in this para the author describes Devil’s Tower and tells the Kiowas’s legend about it.Para 9.the author tells about the last days of the Sun Dance culture by using his grandmother as a witness.Para 10.for the first time, the author concentrates only on his grandmother’s story rather than mixing it with the history of the whole Kiowa tribe.Also for the first time, the author shifts the focus of depicting the lanscape to describing a person—his grandmother Aho as an old woman.Para 11—12 paragraph 11 is about the old houses at Rainy Mountain, which the author’s grandmother and other Kiowas used to live in, but which are now empty.This paragraph serves as a transition between the depiction of Grandma Aho and the reunion at her house.Para 11 and 12 describe the reunions that were once held at the grandmother’s house when the author was a child.We can see the author accepts change and loss as facts of life.He neither denies nor defies them.Imagination helps him strike a balance between them.So, after depicting his dead grandmother’s old house, he brings to life the joy and activity that once filled it.As a child Momaday took part in those events.By re-creating those scenes, he reminds himself of who he is.Part IV.Complete the exercise of the text

第三篇：现代大学英语精读

对《大学英语精读》教材进行评价

《现代大学英语精读》是我们大家熟悉的一本教材。精读课，也就是我们上的基础英语课，是高校英语专业基础阶段的一门核心课程，是帮助学生掌握听、说、读、写、译等基本语言技能的基础课。精读教材主要是培养学生的语用能力，使学生能够从书中有所感悟，把所学到的语言知识与生活实际结合起来，使学习过程生活化。该教材还能培养学生的英语思维能力和创新能力，而不是使学生拘泥于书本知识，主要的教学任务不是积累知识，而是开发学生的思维，该教材秉着以学生为中心的教学思想，教材的选材非常广泛,符合学生兴趣，是一本符合当代大学生的优秀教材。

一本好的教材有以下几点特征；(1)、教学内容和语言能够反映快速变化的时代(2)、要处理好专业知识，语言训练和相关学科之间的关系(3)、教材不仅着眼于知识的传授而要有助于学生的鉴赏批评能力、思维能力和创新能力的培养(4)、教学内容要有较强的实用性和针对性。而《现代大学英语精读》教材充分表现出一本好的教材的特点，在英语教学中起着积极的作用，主要表现在以下几个方面。

1、教材具有权威性。教材的权威性主要在于它努力体现新大纲的要求，任何教材的编写都要相对应的教学大纲作指导，而衡量教材的好坏的一个重要标准就是看他是否符合大纲的具体要求。大学英语精读教材是根据国家或地方教育部门颁发的教学大纲或课程标准编写的，能够较好的体现教学大纲或课程标准规定的教学目的、教学目标、教学内容以及教学方法，所以大学英语精读教材完全符合大纲中有关教材的规定，有利于教学大纲和课程标准的有效实施。教材的权威性还取决于编写人员的能力和素质。现代《 现代大学英语精读》教材是北京外国语大学多名教授共同研究而成，这些教授具有丰富的教学经验和深厚的语言功底，而且教材有国内著名的外语出版社出版，还是普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材。所以，现代大学英语精读教材在一定程度上能够保证教学内容、教学过程和教学方法的科学性和合理性，从而保证教学质量和教学效果。

2、教材具有系统性。从整体上看，教材体系完整，内容丰富，有利于学生系统的学习语音、词汇、语法等语言知识；材内容从易到难，是一个逐步推进的过程。第一年的教材主要任务是巩固高中所学的内容，这主要是考虑到大学新生需要时间来克服高中阶段应试教学的影响，要尽快帮助他们熟悉大学学习方法，养成良好的学习习惯，纠正他们的语音语调，鼓励他们克服汉语方言对应于发音的负面影响，同时，要让学生意识到学习英语的目的关键是运用，而不是为了做题。第二年的教材，主要是知识积累，要运用各种方法扩大词汇量，提高对语法的掌握和运用能力，还要加强写作和翻译的训练，因为这两种技能需要从实践中得到提高，而不是拘泥于书本知识，第三年的教材主要是培养学生的阅读水平，学生能够独立完成一个章节的阅读，教材增加了阅读的难度，这样有助于提高学生的阅读水平，第四年的精读教材主要是使学生的听、说、读、写、译这五种能力得到全面的培养，是学生对这几种基本技能同时得到训练。

3、教材选文具有多样性。《现代大学英语精读》教材克服了传统教学理念的缺陷，教材编写体现了以应用为本，听、说、读、写、译等多位一体的教材设计理念，把提高学生综合运用能力放在首位。该系类教材的指导思想就是在课堂上创造一个真实的语言教学环境，使学生得各种语言技能得到充分的训练。教材中覆盖的词汇量超过大学英语四六级的水平，在教材的使用中学生强化了对单词的复现率，该教材词汇丰富，词汇重复出现有助于强化记忆。阅读理解的任务活动可以帮助学生检测和深化对课文的理解，掌握各种阅读技巧。在每一章节的联系中还涉及了汉译英和英译汉的翻译练习，这样有助于训练学生的翻译能力。而且，教材中选取的文章题材多样，风格各异，内容丰富，涉及了政治、经济、文化语言、科技、体育、风俗人情等各方面。所以，该教材有利于学生更好地了解世界文化，培养跨文化意识和跨文化交际的能力。

总体来说，《现代大学英语精读》教材合理的教学布局，能够使学生的综合能力得到全面的培养,听、说、读、写、译等各项语言技能在教材中得到了综合呈现,该教材注重语言技能的培养、注重学生独立学习能力的提高。但教材中也有一些不足之处，比如关于综合技能的整体训练,以及学习技能和学习策略的建议有些不足。但整体上该教材是目前最适合大学生学习的一本优秀教材。

第四篇：现代大学英语精读5Book

英语专业精读课教案（第五册）

Lesson One Where Do We Go from Here

Teaching aims:

To grasp the rhetorical device in the text

Teaching difficulties:

To identify the rhetorical deviceS in the sentence

Teaching procedure:

Step 1.Background information

Step 2.Organization of the text

Step 3.Detailed study of the article

I.Background information:

The 1960s were turbulent times for the United States.The anti-war movement, the Civil Right movement, the counter-culture movement, the feminist movement were all unfolding in this period of time.The civil Rights movement was a major movement which began with the Supreme Court decision of Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 and the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955.Martin Luther King jr.(1929-1968), as a key leader of the movement, played a significant and irreplaceable role.His name is associated with the march on Washington in 1963 and his famous speech “ I have a dream”, delivered in front of the Lincoln Memorial.He was awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.this speech, delivered in 1967, in more on the side of reasoning and persuasion and less on emotional appeal.Thus his analysis of riots and revolution in the united states in his speech is sound and convincing.On the night of April4.1968, King was shot dead, as he stood o the balcony of his hotel in Memphis, Tennessee.Structure of the text

Part i.Para.1—2 Martin Luther King link the theme of the speech with the question of “Where we are now”.That is, in order to know where we go from here we must first recognize where we are now.Without knowing our present situation, how can we design a policy for the future?

Part ii Para.3--5 This is a transitional paragraph to call for all the African-American must “rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood”.Part iii(Para.6--9)In this part the author puts forward the second task: how to organize the strength of the Negro in terms of economic and political power.Then the author goes on to define power and points out the consequence of the misinterpretation of power.Part iv(Paras.10--15)This part deals with economic security for the Negro Americans.The speaker advocates guaranteed annual income which he thinks is possible and achievable.He also deals on the advantages of this security.Part v(paras.16—20)In this part, Martin reaffirms his commitment to nonviolence.He explains why he thinks violence is no solution to racial discrimination.He refutes the idea of Black revolution.Part vi(para 21—25)In this part, Dr.King raises a fundamental question—the restructuring of the whole of American society.He points out that the problem of racism.The problem of economic exploitation and the problem of war are tied together.They are the triple evils of the society.Part vii.(para 26—28)This part serves as the concluding remark for the speech: we shall overcome.

第五篇：大学英语精读4单词6-10.

Unit6 Inquiryn.询问 Librariann.图书管理员Resumevt.(中断后)重新开始prelude n.前奏曲；序幕； humilityn.谦卑

Solelyad.Ownershipn所有（权）

beefsteakn.牛排 Receptaclen.容器 Transfervt.转移，调动Literallyad.确实地；简直iceboxn.underline vt.在…下划线（表示强调）

Forcefula.Bloodstreamn.血流

individualn.个人 Woodpulpn.木（纸）浆dipvt.浸；蘸 Shinya.发亮的restrain vt.抑制；控制；约束 Dog-eareda.（书页）卷角的dilapidateda.破旧的；倾塌的 Loosenvt.（使）松开continuala.不断的；频繁的 Scribblevt.潦草书写；乱涂preservevt.保护，保存 Intacta.完整无损的elegantlyad.优美地；雅致地

Eleganta.bindvt.捆；绑；装订（书）Editionn.（书等的）版本；版paradisen.伊甸园；天堂 Crayonn.蜡笔；颜色笔originala.最初的；原著的； Statuen雕像inseparablea.Manufacturevt.制造；（大量）生产magnificenta.华丽的；宏伟的 Indispensablea.必不可少的consciousa.有意识的；神志清醒的 Glidevt.滑动，滑行understandingn.理解 Fictionn.小说croonvt.低声吟唱

Readerschedulen.时间表，日程安排表 Invariablyad.不变地；始终如一地caviar(e)n.鱼子酱

Sharpenvt.Disagreementn.分歧；不一致 Disagreevt.verticala.垂直的Emphasizevt.强调asteriskn.星号（即*）Doo-dadn.小装饰物sparinglyad.节约地Sequencen.顺序；连续；一连串relevanta.有关的；适宜的phrasen.短语end-papern.衬页bookplaten.藏书票integratevt.使成一整体unityn.总体布局；统一

read between the lines体会字里行间的言 外之意do(sb.)good帮助（某人），对（某 人）有益dip into浏览；稍加探究

no more…than…

a set of一套so to sperk/say可以说；容许我打个譬喻be/get in the way挡道；碍事 in the second place第二；其次think through彻底全面考虑 reach for去抓；努力争取

set downleave off consist in在于；存在于 tie up系紧；捆牢reduce…to把…归纳为

UNIT7luncheonn&vi

beckonvt向...招手或点头示意addressvt.向...作（正式）讲话，apartmentn.房间，（美）一套公寓住房 quartern.(都市的)区，街overlookvt.俯视，忽视

cemeteryn.公墓，墓地presentlyad.不久，（美）目前

senatorn.参议员，上议员meansn.财富，资产

francn.法郎imposinga.仪表堂堂的，宏伟的attractivea.吸引人的，有魅力的charminga.有魅力的devastatinga.毁灭性的，压倒一切的 impressionn.印象

evena.整齐的，均匀的talkativea.好说话的，健谈的inclineda.有...倾向的attentivea.专注的，体贴的，殷勤的 faren.食物bill of fare菜单

reassurevt.使安心generouslyad.慷慨的，大方的 generousa.salmonn.鲑鱼

muttonn.羊肉chopn.排骨，肋条骨

heavya.（食物）难消化的overloadvt.使过载

lighta.酒精含量低的，淡的digestionn.消化

hospitablea.好客的effusivea.热情洋溢的，感情（过多）流露的amicablea.flashn.闪烁，闪现

champagnen.香槟酒fancyvt.triflen.琐事forbidvt.禁止

literaturen.文学（作品）airyn.轻盈的，做作的biten.asparagusn.芦笋 watervi.Madamen.女士

mightn.willvt.以智力使

priestn.神父，牧师，教士assurevt.保证，使确信

tendera.柔弱的，柔嫩的marveln.sighvi.叹气panicn.恐慌

obligevt.强迫，使不得不dramatica.pickvt.juicya.多汁液的appetisinga.引起食味的，美味可口的wickeda.邪恶的thrustvt.猛推，刺，戳mouthfuln.draman.戏剧head waitern.ingratiatinga.讨好的，奉承的peachn.桃子

blushn.innocenta.天真的，无罪的snackn.小吃instantn.meana.吝啬的，刻薄的retortvt.反驳

humoristn.humorn.幽默

cabn.revengen.报仇，报复 vt.替...报仇 vindictivea.immortala.不朽的pardonablea.complacencyn.自鸣得意

stonen.英石catch sight of

in answer tokeep body and soul together 勉强维持生活

pass through 穿过，经历be beyond one’s means 付不起

cut out 停止使用，戒除

at first sight 乍看之下，第一眼就 be inclined to 易于...的，倾向于，想come in 上市，有供应 can/could not very well 不好by all means 一定，务必 atriflecome to总计be in the habit of习惯于(not)in the leastleave over 留下，剩下bring onself to 强迫自己 make up one’s mind 决定start up 惊动，惊起 speak for 要求得到，为...说话，为...辩护in season 正在当令之时 go on withtake/ have a hand in 参加，介入Unit 8 Virtuallyad.实际上，差不多somedayad.有朝一日 Manmade a.Palatablea.可口的，受欢迎的 Associationn.联系legendn.传说，传奇Spiritn.神灵，鬼怪 Locationn.场所，位置 Afterlifen.来世 Tormentn.痛苦，折磨 Volcanica.Volcanon.Eruptionn.（火山）爆发 Eruptvi Hellisha.Noxiousa.有害的，有毒的 Mankindn.人类 Downwardad.Outermosta.crustn.地壳 honeycombvt.使成蜂窝状 giganticadj.巨大的；庞大的 antn.蚂蚁 fogn.variationn.变化 equableadj.稳定的 simplifyvt.earthquaken.地震 tyrannyn.专制 varyv.变化 variableadj.易变的 externallyadv.externaladj.artificialadj.adjustvt.调整；调节 conveniencen.方便；便利 Stroke n.钟鸣声 Endeavo(u)r n.努力 vt.试图 Mobile a.活动的 Entail vt.使成为必需 Jet n.喷射；喷气式飞机 Lag n.（长时间乘飞机旅行后产生的）时差反应 Gear vt.使适应，使适合；用齿轮连接 n.齿轮；（汽车等的）排挡 Stabilize v.使稳定；使平衡 Extent n.程度，范围 Encumber n.塞满，妨碍 House vt.给...提供住房；给...提供住房Recrea tion n.娱乐 Deprive vt.剥夺 Species n.物种 Habitat n.产地；栖息地 Involuntarily ad.不自觉的；无意识的 Involuntary a.Rat n.鼠 Roach n.蟑螂 Burrowv.打（地洞）Forestryn.林地；林学Terminaln.终点站 Atterminal 航空终点站；航空集散站 Occupationn.Visualizevt.想象 Visuala.视觉的 Derivevi.来自；起源于 Hydroponica.溶液培养学的；水栽法的 Illuminatevt.照亮；照明 Wildernessn.荒野

Stabilityn.稳定性 Stablea.Withdrawv.撤退，撤回 Withdrawaln.Conditionvt.使处于良好状态 Greeneryn.草木

Horizontallyad.水平地 Horizontala.Pavementn.(英）人行道；（美）铺过的道路

Suburbana.郊区的 Sprawln.散乱的街区 Underworldn.Intensea.强烈的 restrictvt.限制 Dwellern.居住者

Repulsivea.令人厌恶的Expose to 使暴露在，在户外，在野外 In the stroke 准点地 At first thought 乍一想

To a certain extent 在一定程度上 Take up 占据 Deprive of 剥夺

Mind you 听着，请注意

Derive from 来自，起源于，从.....得到 Turn over 移交，交给 Get away from 离开，逃脱 Unit9

Physicistn.物理学家

Enrichvt.充实，使丰富，使富裕 Theoreticala.理论（上）的 Crouchvi.蹲；蹲伏 Poundn.池塘

Fascinatevt.强烈地吸引；迷住 Carpn.鲤鱼 Lilyn.百合（花）；类似百合的植物（如睡莲）

Shallowa.浅的 Dimlyad.Dima.暗淡的；模糊的；朦胧的 Aliena.陌生的；外国的；异族的 Comprehensionn.理解（力）Intriguevt.激起…的兴趣（或好奇心）Barriern.障碍（物）Parallela.相对应的；平行的 Unseena.未被看见的；看不见的 Rainstormn.暴（风）雨 Bombardvt.轰炸；炮轰 Raindropn.雨点

Turbulenta.骚动的；混乱的；狂暴的 Bafflevt.使困惑，难倒；使受挫 Ignorancen.无知；愚昧 Comprehendvt.理解，领会 Entityn.实体

活过（某一段时间）dect

Loftya.高尚的；崇高的；傲慢的，冠冕堂皇的Furiouslyad.Furiousa.狂怒的；猛烈的；激烈的 Unsettlinga.使人不安的；意外的 Abruptlyad.Abrupta.突然的；意外的 Miraclen.奇迹 Witn.悟性；智力

Amazinga.令人惊异的，了不起的 Hurlv.猛投；力掷

Blindinga.炫目的，使人眼花缭乱的 Creaturen.生物；（尤指）动物；人 Resemblevt.与…相似；像 Finn.鳍

Contentedlyad.Contenteda.心满意足的Dimensionn.尺度（宽度、长度、厚度、高度等）；（空间的）维

Graspn.&vt.抓住；把握；控制 Conceptn.观念；概念 Vibrationn.振动，颤动 Vibratev.（使）振动，（使）颤动 Lastinga.持久的，永久的 Reverencen.尊敬；崇敬

Mysteryn.神秘的事物，迷；推理作品 Dedicatevt.把（一生等）献给；把（时间、精力等）用于

Pursuitn.追求；从事；事业 Constructvt.建造；构成；创立 Unifyvt.使成为一体；使统一 Galaxyn.星系

nextto.紧靠、、、、旁边，贴近movearound走来走去；到处游走 inalldirection四处 collect/gather one’swite使自己镇定下来；恢复理智 hold/keepsb.Prisoner 关押某人；强留某人 notintheslightest一点也不；根本不 liveout活过（某一段时间）dedicate…to把，，献给 gettorootof查明，，的根源 Unit 10 contentment.n 满足intangible.a 触摸不到的 crucial.a 决定性的，关键的psychological.a 心理的 historically.adhistorical.aassociate.vt.联想 sin.n.罪孽compliant.n.抱怨contribution.n.necessity.n.必需品，必要性focus.n.焦点 identity.n.身份，个性creativity.n.创造性 potential.n.潜力，潜能psychiatrist.n.精神病 heal.v.治愈，愈合，痊愈renew.vt.使更新 gainfully.ad.acute.a.严重的，急性的 symptom.a.症状institution.n.公共机构 workshop.n.车间，工厂wherein.conj.exert.vt.尽力reverse,n,相反，背面 absence.n.harmful.a.财政的，金融的 fend.vi.供养。照料unemployment.n.jobless.a.significant.a.重大的 significance.n.accomplished.a.有才艺的，有造诣的 meaningful.a.有重要意义或价值的tribute.n.证据，明证 inherent.a.内在的，生来的craftsman.n.手艺人，工匠 lovingly.ad.精心地，深情地loving.a.bricklayer.n.attributable.a.可归因于。。的 attribute.vt.把。。归因于housekeeping.n.家政 staff.n.(全体）员工capacity.n.能力，容量 unique.a.独特的demonstrate.vt.证明，证实，示范，演示 stock.n.股份，公债，证券broker.n.slavery.n.奴隶制度，奴隶身份经纪人interact.vi.punishment.n.相互作用惩罚persistence.n.坚持 persist.vi.distinctive.a.特殊的，与众不同的 mightily.ad.mighty.a.coordination.n.协调coordinate.vt.lightning.n.闪电bystander.n.旁观者 superbly.ad.superb.a.aspect.n.方面disclose.vt.揭示 predictable.a.可预料的，可预计的sporadic.a.零星发生的，偶尔的 collectivity.n.集体collective.a.status.n.地位，身份envy.vt.羡慕，妒忌 prestigious.a.有声望的reflect.vt.反射，反映 glory.n.光荣，荣誉assert。Vt.宣称，断言

membership.n.成员或会员身份,全体成员或会员

associate with 把。与。联系在一起take pride in 为。而感到骄傲

stock broker 证券经纪人store up 储存，储备

esprit de corps 团体精神，集体荣誉感 fend for oneself 照料自己，自行谋生in particular aside from 除了。以外at work

make the/one’s point 证明一个论点on the whole

work off 除去，清除

long for 渴望

pride oneself on 以。自豪