第一篇：现代大学英语精读4_课后答案
Key to the Exercises 3.15)out of sight 16)in this instance 17)to think well/ill of sb 18)to confront sb with sth 19)to lag behind 20)to confer sth on sb 21)for my money 22)to be too much for sb 23)to make for 24)to set out to do sth 25)few and far between 26)to aspire to 27)at the best of times
28)all over again 29)to do away with 30)to stand to lose
4.Increase your vacabulary with the help of the rules of word-building 1)Find the most useful derivatives of the following.satisfy: satisfied, satisfying, satisfactory, satisfaction, unsatisfied, dissatisfied resist: resistance, resistant, irresistible
just: unjust, justice, injustice, justify, justified, justification, justifiable cohere: coherent, coherence, incoherent, incoherence center(v): center(n.), central, centralize, centralization，decentralize, decentralization visit: visitor, visitation, revisit(The following words are also related to visit: visible，invisible, visibility, vision, visual, television, supervise)
integrate: integration, integrated, integral, disintegrate, disintegration, integrity
More Work on theText
Vocabulary 1.1)into Chinese.1)into Chinese.(1)浴巾
(2)(美)小学
(3)永恒的真理(4)文件柜
(5)纯属无稽之谈
(6)违规行为
(7)常客
(8)新鲜空气
(9)格调很高的独自(一个人唱高调)(10)一种固定的观点
(11)时事(当前国内外大事)(12)身体障碍
(13)可怕吓人的风
(14)令人厌恶的景象
(15)言语障碍
(16)使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情
(17)无情的人侵者
(18)首相
(19)国际联盟(国联)(20)思维过程(思想方式)(21)条理清楚的文章
(22)一个完整的体系
(23)一位口译好手
(24)一种不可阻挡的趋向
(25)烂苹果
(26)根据事实(启示〉写成的(27)一位点头之交
2)into English.(1)to sink one's head(2)to sink the ship
(3)to contemplate the meaning of life
(4)to catch the light(5)to ruin one's health(6)to ruin the country(7)to bang the desk(8)to playa prominent role
(9)to hold a prominent position(10)a pious Buddhist(11)to gain a reputation(12)to satisfy one's ego(13)to give sb the third degree(14)to devise a teaching method(15)to slide a gun into sb's hand 2.1)Synonyms.(1)to spring(to jump, to leap)(2)lest(for fear that)(3)utterly(completely)(4)to symbolize(to represent)(5)to sink one's head(to lower...)
(6)to contemplate(to think/ponder)(7)spectacles(glasses)
(8)impediment(barrier, obstacle)(9)to collapse(to fall/to tumble down)(10)to ruin(to destroy)(11)to vanish(to disappear)(12)oddly(strangely)
(13)to aspire to(to desire/to aim for)(14)to do away with(to eliminate)(15)to stop/give up(smoking)(to quit)(16)deficiency(weakness, fault, shortcoming)(17)folly(stupidity)2)Antonyms.(1)coherent(incoherent)(2)mental(physical)
(3)disinterested(interested)(4)hideous(pleasant)(5)settled(unsettled)(6)frequent(infrequent)(7)integration(disintegration)(8)proficient(incompetent)(9)to destroy(to create)(10)to surpass(to lag behind)
(11)remorseless(remorseful)(12)to vanish(to appear)(13)accustomed(unaccustomed)(14)irreverent(reverent)
(15)few and far between(many, innumerable, countless, numerous)(6)loyalty(disloyalty)(17)contented(discontented)
(18)pre-war(post-war)(19)prominent(unimportant)
3.Translate 1)I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2)As a general rule, young people tend to be more interested in the present and the future.3)Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4)It is our hope to integrate all the courses and teaching materials.5)The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6)In traditional Chinese art, the
bamboo stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7)The great majority of the people stand for reform.8)Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9)The truth is always in the hands of a small minority at first.That's the rule.10)Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority's right to disagree is also respected.These two basic rules are of equal importance.11)A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.13)The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.14)The road was muddy.He slipped and fell into the river.15)One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.16)The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.17)The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.18)The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.19)Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.20)He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.21)Her health was such that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she got sunstroke.4.1)c.2)A.3)D.4)A.5)B.6)B.7)C.8)B.9)A.10)C.11)D 12)A.13)A.14)B.5.1)(1)sexy(2)sexual(3)sexy(4)sexist(5)sexual
2)(1)uninterested(2)disinterested(3)disinterested(4)disinterested, uninterested
3)(1)Literary(2)literally(3)literate
(4)literal(5)literary
4)(1)bulging(2)sticking out of(3)bulging(4)bulging(5)sticking out of
(6)protruding, protruding 5)(1)slid(2)slip(3)slipped(4)sliding
(5)slip 6)(1)prestige(2)reputation(3)reputation(4)prestige 1)decisive 2)sang beautifully 3)robust 4)soft 5)democratic 6)eloquent
7)have lost his appetite.8)The slice of meat was so thick that it was quite(transparent).9)His room was surprisingly clean and tidy.It was almost as clean as(pigsty).10)Many people are just as original as(parrots).(1)their(2)even(3)reason(4)disagree(5)to express(6)thinking
(7)for(8)dealing with(9)Staying(10)hungry(11)gains
(12)born of
(13)can
(14)superficial(15)when
III Grammar 1 1)Point out the parallel construction and its grammatical form in each of these sentences.(1)not by thought;by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck-two
prepositional phrases(contrast)(2)unconscious prejudice;19norance;hypocrisy-three noun phrases(listing)(3)as proficient as most businessmen's golf;as honest as most politicians' intentions;as coherent as most books that get written-three comparative adjective phrases(listing)
(4)all shouting the same thing;all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudicestwo absolute constructions(listing)
(5)watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King;asking myself what all the fuss was about-two present participle phrases(as object complements, listing)
(6)prejudices are called loyalties;pointless actions are turned into customs by repetition-two clauses
(listing)
(7)three coordinate clauses(listing)(8)to appreciate little that which we have;to long for that which we have not-two infinitive phrases as subject(contrast)
(9)to be;not to be-two infinitive phrases as subject(choice)
(10)give me liberty;give me death-two imperative clauses(choice)(11)is written without effort;is read without pleasure-two passive verb phrases(contrast)(12)you can fool all of the people some of the time and some of the people all of the time;you can't fool all of the people all of the time-two coordinate clauses connected by “but”(series plus contrast)
The first clause itself contains two parallel constructions-all of the people some time;some of the people all of the time-connected by “and”(choice)2)Study and point out the function of the italicized part of these sentences.(1)adjective phrase as subject complement
(2)deaf: adjective forming a complement to “someone” with “born”
bitterly determined to find out about sound: adjective phrase as complement to “someone”(3)adjective phrase as subject complement
(4)adjective phrase as attributive modifying “good life”(an adjective
phrase modifying a noun should be placed after the noun)(5)adjective phrase as subject complement 1)Thomas Edison says that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.2)Suzhou is known for its canals, gardens and tree-lined streets.3)The morning was dark, cold with a little snow in the air.4)The unemployed man wanted a job rather than welfare.Or: The unemployed man wanted to find a job rather than to apply for welfare.5)Crawling down a mountain is
sometimes harder than climbing up.6)The essay is difficult to understand not because there are a lot of technical terms but because there are quite a few involved sentences.Or: The essay is difficult to understand not because of the technical terms 10 it but because of the involved sentences.7)For further information, you can either consult an encyclopaedia or surf the Internet.8)Not only China but also the rest of the world will benefit from her WTO entry.It is a win-win event.Or: As a win-win event, China's WTO entry will be of benefit to both China and the rest of the world.9)The job of the university is not only making specialists of its
students but also helping them become civilized citizens.Or: The job of the university is both to make specialists of its students and to help them become civilized citizens.10)Going to classes, doing his homework and reading occupy most of his waking hours at college.1)20 years later he returned as poor as when he had left.2)He arrived home from a coast-to-coast journey a bag of bones.3)The girl stared at her parents, puzzled, troubled and annoyed.4)The proposal was dismissed as
impractical and unfeasible.5)Just some twenty feet away, crouched the wolf, ready to jump on the boy at any moment.6)The audience sat open-mouthed, watching the conjurers performing all sorts of tricks.7)The detective was lying awake in bed, thinking how they could capture the wanted man alive.8)The talk show host was pleased that he had passed through the crowd unrecognized.9)Sincere, compassionate, forgiving, Linda is the soul of the true, the good and the beautiful.10)Diogenes was lying in the sunshine, shoeless, bearded, and half-naked, but contented and happy.1)You can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.Or: You can force a student to attend classes, but not to think.2)The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.3)You can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.4)In the Middle Ages, people believed that the eatth was flat and that it was the center of the universe.5)I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.6)Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get a job first.7)Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.8)Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change.9)Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.10)In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income.1)looks, being complimented, will say, has come, felt, was, was always looking for, to hurt, was called, believed, heard, would come, take, replace, might/would happen, to make, would/might get, to fool, would say.2)became, should be removed,(I)'ve learned, wouldn't really want, is, provides, isn't, dies, crashes, will lay, have been lying, find, rotting, sprout, goes on.1)C.2)D.3)B.4)D.5)A.6)C.7)B.8)A.9)C.10)B.1l)C.12)D.13)A.14)B.15)D.16)A.Translate
2）into English 1)into Chinese
(1)to gain new insights(1)专业的历史工作者
(2)to revise one’s ideas(2)基于常识的反应
(3)to trace the cause
(3)事物的这种状况
(4)to begin from this premise(4)意见不一的历史学家
(5)to open fire on/at(5)已经准备好了的现成的东西
(6)to give equal weight to sth(6)一个个人喜好不同的问题
(7)to support a certain view
(7)截然不同的观点
(8)to influence the government(8)民间故事
(9)to destroy the balance of power(9)书面文件
(10)to form an alliance(10)过去的遗留物
(11)to repay the loans
(11)人的动机和行为
(12)to contemplate war(12)复杂和精细
(13)to fill in the gaps
(13)商船
(14)to conclude the quest
(14)一旦发生潜艇战
(15)to view sth from a certain perspective(15)一个粗糙的理论
(16)to benefit from the comparison(16)好战的行为；战争行为
(17)to eliminate from the comparison(17)宣传机器
(18)to dig into the problem
(18)德国外交部长
(19)to be immersed in a vast sea(19)实力平衡
(20)to stem from a different point of view(20)（事物的）因果
(21)to be destined to do sth(21)海岸炮兵
(22)to ignore the fact
(22)终极关怀
(23)to make an assumption
(23)（事物的）近因
(24)to defeat the enemy
(24)人们常说的一句话
(25)to win back one’s lost territory(25)不会出错的解释
(26)to sink a boat
(26)绝对有效的模式
(27)to intercept the secret message(27)永不停止的探索
(28)to piece together evidence(28)一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标
(29)to approximate the truth
(30)to master new techniques
1.Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1)synonyms(1)elusive : puzzling, baffling(2)intriguing: fascinating
(3)evident: clear, plain, obvious, noticeable(4)ultimate: final, last(5)to revise: to correct, to change, to alter, to modify, to rewrite(6)to probe: to dig into, to investigate, to look into(7)belligerent: warlike, warring, aggressive, hostile(8)in addition to: besides, apart from, plus
(9)in the event of: in the case of, should sth occur(10)nonetheless: nevertheless, in spite of that, just the same(11)to conclude(the quest): to end(the search / probing)(12)to denote: to refer to
(13)persuasively: convincingly(14)more or less: on the whole, generally speaking(15)moreover: in addition, besides, apart from that, what’s more(16)by way of: through
2)antonyms(1)to be faulted: to be praised(2)exhilarating: depressing(3)unquestioned: doubtful(4)validity: unsoundness, weakness(5)premise: conclusion(6)motivation: effect
(7)proportionate: disproportionate(8)pro-British: anti-British(9)to take into account: to ignore(10)crude(theory): a well-developed(theory), a sophisticated(theory)(11)confused: clear, clear-minded(12)professional: non-professional, amateurish
2.Replace the words in bold type with words and phrases you know that convey more or less the same meaning.1)simple/primitive;told;thick 2)pondering/thinking about;future/fate;insignificant 3)completely/entirely;different/opposite 4)consider/regard;look at;angles/points of view 5)knows very well;growing/increasing;complaints 6)besides/apart from;easy;in the case of/if there is 7)purposely paid no attention to
8)generally/on the whole;however/but;come from/originate from 9)absolutely reliable;wipe out/get rid of;bound to
3.Translate 1)The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2)The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3)He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4)The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5)What do you think caused the upsurge in international terrorism? 6)We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7)There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8)Some people are always opposed to new things.9)A lot of those loans were never repaid.That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10)The Business Bank now offers a special loan to students who can’t pay for their education.11)The boy asked Mrs.Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12)She concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.13)As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14)During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15)Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16)She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17)I’d like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.18)They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.4.Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1)while/although;to 2)over/about;with 3)to;in
4)led to/resulted in/caused 5)with;lends/gives/brings 6)from;in 7)as to;of
8)in the even of;survive 9)to;to;study 10)out;in 11)in;weight/priority 12)denote;of
13)immersed/buried;more or less 14)rather;the more 15)at;stems from/comes from/originates from/results from 16)base;filled in
Key to Exercise of Unit Four
P.107 ex.3
9.to put back one’s head 10.to put down a drink
11.in case 12.to squint at sth.Out of the corner of one’s eye 13.to stand next to sth.14.to be lost in the contemplation of sth.15.to feel like sth.16.with---and all 17.round the corner 18.by this/that time 19.to start off 20.to walk abreast 21.to be at one’s ease 22.to weave sb.In 23.to save sb.From 24.to talk one’s heart to sb.25.not for all the money in the world 26.to knock sb.Down 27.to say sth.In a strained voice 28.to get beyond sb.29.for God’s sake 30.to do sth.By accident P.108.5 March the words or expressions in
the two columns that have similar meanings.A.1=B.4
A.2=B.6 A.3=B.8
A.4 =B.10 A.A.5=B.12
A.6=B.11
A.7=B.15
A.8=B.17 A.9=B.16
A.10 =B.1 A.11= B.3
A.12=B.7 A.13=B.18
A.14=B.20 A.15=B.5
A.16=B.14 A.17.=B.9
A.18=B.2 A.19=B.13
A.20 =B.19 6.Give the equivalent of the following in British English.1.lift
2.flat
3.lorry
4.autumn 5.trousers 6.term 7.film
8.cinema 9.motorbike 10.sweet 11.cock 12.toilet 13.pavement 14.clever 15.cheque 16.boot 17.railway 18.underground P.113 More Work on the Test 1.Translate 1.)Into Chinese
1.难以解决的问题 2.一本难以看懂的书 3.一个爱交际的女人 4.黑市
5.黑色幽默 6.害群之马 7.黑人权利
8.缺少表达能力的人 9.全国性运动
10.赞扬或恭维的话 11.调皮的男孩 12.某些大人物们 13.种族隔离的学校
14.他的无可争议的权威 15.一个地位很高的人士 16.公海
17.上流社会 18.机密消息
19.冷淡而缺少人情味的门 20.冷淡的公文式的信 21.真诚的羡慕
22.不自然的，紧张的说话的声音
2）Into English 1.to celebrate the Golden Jubilee 2.to excite admiration 3.to touch the conscience 4.to win the prize 5.to receive the reprimand 6.to omit the words 7.to renounce the prizes 8.to avert a crisis 9.to attend the ceremony 10.to exhibit a works of art 11.to indulge the pleasures 12.to guard a child 13.to feel up to it 14.to bring sth.to a close 15.to weave sb.in 16.to save sb.from a situation 17.to talk out one’s heart to sb.18.to knock sb.down 19.to pour sb.a drink 20.to raise(lift)one’s glass
二．Translate 1.Import of the country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare.2.During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway.2.it was a serious offence to take drugs, Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.3.She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.4.The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.5.This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.6.The author is very good at creating suspense.7.He used to watch wit great envy children of wealthy people go to school.8.I rather envy their school for its beautiful campus.9.She averted her face so that people would
not see her blush.10.He has always had an aversion to publicity.11.The government’s policy succeeded in averting a serious economic recession.12.Michael Jordan is the envy of many black kids.13.Every summer, hundreds of thousands of people are sent to guard the riverbanks against floods.14.it was not easy to get the golden apple, for it was guarded by a furious giant.15.Xicheng was practically unguarded so Zhuge Liang narrowly escaped being captured.16.The prisoners of war killed the guards and escaped into the woods.17.He is probably the greatest guard in the history of basketball.18.They took Americans off guard by launching a sudden attack on a Sunday.19.There were two armed soldiers
standing guard at the bridge.20.Napoleon exhibited his military talent early in life.21.These exhibits are all insured and carefully guarded.22.When the exhibition is over, the exhibit will be given to the host country as gifts.23.She is going to exhibit some of her most recent sculptures at the National Art Gallery.四．Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A
五． Study the difference between the following pairs or groups of words 1.1)renounce 2)announce
3)renounce
4)denounce
2.1)avoid , prevent
2)prevent 3.1)divided 2)segregated
3)divided
4)separated 4.1)personage 2)person 3)personality
4)person 5.1)complementary
2)complimentary 3)complimentary
4)compliment 6.1)secret
2)confidential 3)secret
4)confidential, secret
七． Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.1.sensible 2.larger
3.Unfortunately 4.original 5.receipt
6.rejoin 7.viciously 8.demanded 9.marched 10.assumed
11.cases
12.get away 13.protest
14.had spoken to 15.couldn’t really have comforted
More Work on the Text 二． Complete the following sentences with the right form of the
verb in the brackets.1.is 2.are 3.was 4.frightens 5.are 6.is 7.were all 8.was
9.knows 10.are
11.are, am 12.is 13.was 14.has
15.is, is
三．Rewrite the sentences using the pattern shown in the example.1.It is now believed that foreign language are most easily learnt by children under 14.2.It is reported that the negotiations between the two countries had made headway.3.It has been confirmed that a major breakthrough has been achieved in cancer research.4.It is strongly recommended that fishing in the lake be strictly forbidden during the spring season.5.It is agreed among the rival companies that joint efforts should be made to
prevent the price of color TV from going through the floor.6.It shouldn’t be assumed that all our problems will be resolved overnight.7.It is generally assumed that depression affects a person’s health in many ways.8.It was announced yesterday that a new tax law would be imposed beginning next year.9.In ancient times, it was believed that the heart , not the brain, was the center of thought.10.It is predicted(in a medical report)the number of AIDS victims in Asia will increase sharply in the next decade.四． Translate the sentences into English 1.It’s widely rumored that Linda’s being promoted.2.It is estimated that the project will cost RMB three billion.3.It is assumed that the Labor Party will remain in power.4.It was proposed a few years ago that the president be elected for one term only.5.It was announced that another bridge across the Yangtze would be built next year.6.it was believed even then that the abnormal state of affairs wouldn’t last long.二．Paying special attention to subject –verb agreement.1.The jury is having trouble reaching a verdict.2.Whenever either of us is in a tight corner, we always come to each other’s help.3.Statistics are facts obtained from analyzing information given in numbers.4.Statistics is a branch of mathematics
concerned with the study of information expressed in numbers.5.Neither his friends and nor his father was admitted by Tsinghai University.6.Xiao Li is one of the best foot players at our university who have ever participated in intercollegiate championships.五． Put in appropriate connectives.1.as, where, that/which, if/whether , but.if 2.When, if, Then, that/which, than
六． Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.1.B 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.C 1O.C 11.B 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.B 16 C
第二篇：现代大学英语精读3_unit_8课后答案
我们只不过是人
劳拉．施莱辛格
Pre-class Work
1.Explain the following.1)free will(Para.1): the ability to make your own decisions about what to do rather than being controlled
by God or fate 自由意志
2)the product of causation(Para.1): the.human behavior is a response to external stimulation, and
therefore is genes-determined.某种原因造成的结果
3)fateful night(Para.9): the night that had an important bad effect on future events 那个决定性的夜晚
4)honor his commitment(Para.10): to do what he has committed to do to others;to do his duty;to respect his obligations to others履行义务或实践许诺
5)clause(Para.20): a separate division of a written legal document with its own separate and complete
meaning 条款
6)absorbing(Para.26): interesting;enjoyable;gripping 吸引人的 2.Paraphrase.1)Human beings have no free will, they are all victims of these external causes as a group.2)As if the fact we are human were a kind of detailed plan which determines how we react to situations.This reaction is instinctive and natural just like with all animals, insects, birds.3)The 3 C's are Character, Courage, and Conscience, without these qualities, we cease to be human and will be just like big ants which live out their lives in a way that is determined by their natural instincts.4)Only managing to live in a vegetable state.5)If you want to live a good and energetic life, you need the ability to make decisions and take action
without waiting for someone to tell you what to do;you should be brave enough to take risks;you
should take continued action against difficulties;you should be ready to lose life for ideals and you
should have an instance of accepting or trusting in something that cannot be readily seen or trusted.6)Courage is as important to life as broth is to soup.7)In order to be excused, we often try hard to twist things and put the blame on others or try to justify our
actions in various ways in our speaking as well as in our thinking.8)Relating to what we have mentioned, pleasure is something that just happens;happiness is a series of
things that involved.Pleasure is a finishingpoint;happiness is a long process.Pleasure is something
related to the real world and physical objects;happiness is something related to your spirit.Pleasure is
something related to yourself;happiness is something related to others and the world.3.Learn to use reference books.Check in a Chinese-English dictionary for the translations of the following Chinese collocations of“ 开 ”.开门 to open the door;开口 to open one,s mouth(or start to talk);开火 to open fire;开刀 to have an operation;开发 to open up...(or to develop;to exploit);开工(of a factory, etc.)to go into operation;开花 to blossom;开会 to have a meeting;开胃 to whet(or stimulate)the appetite;开心 to feel happy;开玩笑 to crack a joke(to make fun of)4.Learn rules of word-building.Enrich and enlarge your vocabulary.1)Give the corresponding nouns of the following.(1)devastation
(2)exhilaration
(3)conformity
(4)procreation
(5)invocation
(6)sustenance
(7)projection
(8)derivation
(9)criticism
(10)restoration
2)Give the corresponding verbs of the following.(1)to contort
(2)to rationalize
(3)to transgress
(4)to condemn
(5)to abort
(6)to emphasize
(7)to seduce
(8)to gratify
(9)to destroy
(10)to indulge
(11)to oblige
(12)to motivate
(13)to cause
(14)to survive
More Work on the Text II Vocabulary 1.Translate
1)into English.(1)to shape one's mind
(2)to honor one's commitment
(3)to sustain life
(4)to raise a family
(5)to make a judgment
(6)to focus one's attention
(7)to devastate the country
(8)to blame the weather
(9)to avoid sacrifice
(10)to demand justice
(11)to criticize the theory
(12)to condemn the war
(13)to emphasize education
(14)to acknowledge defeat
(15)to sustain economic growth
(16)to restore the building
(17)to cause trouble
(18)to resist the temptation
2)into Chinese.(1)动物界
(2)某种原因造成的结果
(3)自由意志
`
(4)条件反射
(5)由生物本能决定的(6)自然选择
(7)高级动物；万物之灵
(8)适者生存
(9)固有欲望
(10)利他的行为
(11)社会地位
(12)一个关键的晚上
(13)正当的地位
(14)眼前一时痛快
(15)蛮力
(16)思想斗争
(17)良心不安；良心有愧
(18)对未经证实之事物的信仰
(19)合同的例外条款
(20)植物人的状态
(21)长期目标
(22)十分吸引人的电影
(23)全心全意和孩子相聚的时间
(24)价值观念体系 2.Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1)Give synonyms.(1)example
(2)lonely, alone
(3)to look, to gaze
(4)properly, appropriately
(5)natural, inborn, instinctive
(6)to gain, to obtain
(7)deeply, extremely
(8)to give up
(9)idea, thought, theory, notion
(10)mutual, shared
(11)to shape, to form
(12)fortress, love, emotional attachment
(13)decisive, decisively important, critical, fatal
(14)duty, responsibility
(15)responsibility, obligation
(16)honesty, virtue, uprightness
(17)satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment
(18)to struggle, to fight, to deal with, to tackle
(19)delighted, in high spirits
(20)to agree with, to comply with, to follow, to adhere to
(21)very great
(22)damaging, very destructive, shocking
2)Give antonyms.(1)construction
(2)former
(3)outer
(4)selfish
(5)to deny
(6)unsteady, shaky, unstable
(7)physical, material, bodily
(8)immeasurable
(9)deep, in-depth, profound
(10)imbalance
(11)long, long-lived, lasting, enduring, permanent, eternal
(12)immoral, amoral
(13)required, compulsory
(14)unwilling
(15)positive 3.Translate.1)As the saying goes: All roads lead to Rome.2)That wrong line led to a serious setback of the revolution.3)The discovery of a knife on his body led the police to suspect that he was the murderer.4)We are leading the world in the production of rice, cotton, hogs, and coal.5)Lack of exercise can lead to all kinds of health problems.6)Some political scientists in the West believe that a balance of power could lead to world peace.7)Most of the leading economic powers in the world are committed to global environmental protection.8)Those traces of water led many scientists to believe that there might be some forms of life on that planet.9)It's amazing how she Can balance herself on that ball.10)For most Chinese people, the unification of our country is a serious/solemn commitment.11)Yes, I taught her once.She struck me as quite a committed student.12)Many things in this world require a good balance.Once you lose balance, troubles begin.13)Mr.Smith said that it was his honor to be our business partner, and he assured us that his company is committed to help China with her modernization effort.14)This treaty commits all member nations to develop their cooperation.15)Some European countries have not been able to balance their budgets.16)It's a matter of honor to repay my debts on time.But right now my total balance in the bank is only 20
dollars.17)The banking system of that country is in a terrible state.18)It was said that the Russian state-owned enterprises were privatized almost overnight.19)During the talks, he made an official statement that his government will not adopt a two-China policy.4.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.1)of
2)for
3)out
4)out
5)up
6)of
7)up
8)down
9)at
10)out of
ll)up
12)to, away from
13)on, in
14)on, by, of
15)In, instead of, to
16)to, on, at
17)in, By
18)with, For, on, In 5.Correct mistakes in the following sentences.1)I have not been informed about this meeting.(Or: I have not been informed that I should attend the meeting.)
2)succeeded in getting(Or: finally managed to get the ticket)
3)fall to keep the job
4)so long in realizing your mistake.(Or: Why did it take you so long to realize your mistake?)
5)consistes of(Or: is made of)
6)anxious to know
7)frank with
8)incapable of telling...9)he prided himself on/took pride in;patients'
10)In the eyes of
11)Sure, no problem.(out of the question: not possible or not allowed)
12)The teacher suggested that we should not try to specialize too early.(Or: The teacher advised us not to try to specialize too early.)6.Translate with special attention to the different meanings of the same word or words that
happen to have the same spelling.I)我们在这个问题上应该保持中立。我们不应该偏向哪一方。
2)第二年的收成也不好，他们那块地里几乎颗粒无收。
3)那个脸精瘦的高个子被控与一桩银行抢劫阴谋有关。
4)他把他的伞倚在墙边，在一张桌子旁坐了下来，然后拿起了菜单。
5)老年人往往抱怨年轻人，反过来年轻人也抱怨老年人。这是代沟的一种反映。6)这篇文章包括了他对我们社会问题的一些看法。
7)当我想到上帝是公正的时候，我不禁为我的国家担心得发抖。(托马斯．杰弗逊)8)强烈的信仰往往反映强烈的偏见。
9)当他把他的包扔到窗外的时候，我以为他疯了。10)蜡烛灭了，山洞里变得一片漆黑。
11)那天风很大，我们花了九牛二虎之力才支起帐篷。12)为了达到我们今年的目标，我们都必须一起努力。
7.Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.(1)exact
(2)leading
(3)searching
(4)had been marching
(5)over
(6)reach
(7)where
(8)all
(9)feeling
(10)when
(11)being
(12)almost
(13)than
(14)like
(15)up III.6rammar 1.Understand grammar in context.1)Observe how object complements are expressed.(1)“as” + a noun phrase
(2)“as” + a what-clause, the object being “which”(referring to “character”)
(3)“as”+ a gerund phrase
(4)an infinitive phrase
(5)a perfect present participle
(6)as + a comparative adjective phrase
(7)as + a noun phrase
(8)a noun phrase, the object being “that”(referring to “those standards and values”)
(9)a noun phrase
(10)a passive infinitive phrase
(11)a noun phrase, the nominal object being “it”(referring to the infinitive phrase)
(12)a comparative adjective phrase
(13)an adjective, the nominal object being “it”(referring to the infinitive phrase)
(14)an infinitive phrase
(15)an adjective phrase;present participle phrase
(16)an adjective phrase
(17)an adjective;a prepositional phrase
(18)a passive present participle phrase
2)Observe the passive form in these sentences and point out its function.(1)the main verb followed by an infinitive phrase
(2)the main verb used with modals
(3)a passive infinitive as object
(4)a passive gerund phrase as prepositional object
(5)the main verb(a phrasal verb)
(6)the main verbs used with an auxiliary
(7)the main verb in the present continuous tense
(8)a passive gerund as prepositional object
(9)a passive infinitive as object
(10)a passive infinitive used after an adjective adverbially
(11)the main verb;the main verb in the relative clause and followed by an infinitive
(12)the main verb used with a modal and followed by a that-clause(the subject)2.Complete the sentences.1)By putting the verbs in the right form.(1)quarreling
(2)trying
(3)dismissed
(4)pick up
(5)smoking
(6)removed
(7)to strike
(8)happen
(9)photographed
(10)burning
2)With the appropriate form of the verbs provided below(some Words may be used twice).(1)smelt
(2)kept
(3)cut
(4)considered
(5)pushed, lying
(6)dye, paint
(7)declared
(8)appointed
(9)labeled
(10)burnt
(11)call
(12)rendered
(13)turned
(14)kept
(15)considered/found 3, Improve the sentences using the “verb + it + adjective/noun + to-infinitive” construction.1)Even residents of long standing find it difficult to give directions.2)I find it impossible to forget what I witnessed that day.3)Some people find it difficult to adapt to this rapidly changing world.4)Quite a lot of people find it difficult to accept the result of the “election”.5)I don't think it feasible to change the plan now.6)They think it right to stick to the original plan.7)I think it improper to back out at the last moment.8)As a doctor, she considers it her duty to help the sick and save the dying.9)I consider it a great honor to meet all of you here today.10)I consider it an insult to be cold-shouldered like that.4.Translate into English.1)The Chinese in brackets, using passive verb forms.(1)to be left alone for a while
(2)had been knocked unconscious
(3)was buried deep
(4)can and will be realized
(5)are expected to share household chores
(6)is generally believed
(7)being criticized in public
(8)being harassed/annoyed by hoodlums
(9)are believed to be genuine
(10)would be found guilty, to be tried by another jury
2)The sentences.(1)The miners nicknamed their union leader “Lefty”.(2)The media describe the event as epoch-making.(3)I think it immoral to take advantage of their difficulty.(4)In those days of poverty, the family kept their dreams alive.(5)We'll hold you responsible if anything happens to these children.(6)We should see setbacks and failures as a necessary part of our lives.(7)Lying in bed in the dark, he listened to the cold rain beating on the window.(8)We look upon Professor Lin as instructor, friend and adviser all in one.(9)Their stories set us wondering what we would do under similar circumstances.(10)No matter how late she finishes the day's work, she leaves everything in their place.(11)To our disappointment, we found the new manager competent, but hard to get along with.(12)He foundhimself unable to tolerate the indifference of the city and decided to leave.(13)The computer is often referred to as the most important invention in the last century.(14)When the bus drove near the oak tree, Vingo found it covered with hundreds of yellow ribbons.(15)Michael Dell was made to promise to go back to school if he couldn't launch his own company in the summer.5.Learn to use prepositions “above” and “over”.1)Study the use of “above” and “over” in these sentences.(1)to(4): superior to, of greater importance or of higher quality than
(5)and(6): at a higher place or position than
(7)in preference to
(8)and(9): on or upon
(10)throughout the length or duration of
(11)in preference t6
(12)directly above, on the top of
(13)and(14): here and there on or in
(15)and(16): concerning about, because of
2)Complete the sentences by putting “above” or “over” as you see fit.(1)above
(2)over
(3)above
(4)over
(5)over
(6)above
(7)above/over
(8)over
(9)above
(10)over
(11)over
(12)above
(13)Over, over
(14)above
(15)over 6.Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.1)B
2)C
3)B
4)C
5)D
6)A
7)B
8)A
9)B
10)D
11)B
12)B
13)C
14)D
15)B
第三篇：现代大学英语精读1课后答案
现代大学英语精读1课后答案 目 录 1、Lesson 1 Half a Day 1 2、Lesson 2 Going Home 3 3、Lesson 3 Massage of the Land 4 4、Lesson 4 The Boy and the Bank Officer 6 5、Lesson 5 Angels on a Pin 7 6、Lesson 6 The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street 8 7、Lesson 7 Mandela’s Garden 10 8、Lesson 8 My Personal Manager 11 1、Lesson 1 Half a Day Answers 1.Oral Work 1)What did his father say to give him courage? How did the boy feel when he arrived at the school gate with his father? 2)What did the boy learn in school? Can you name some of the things he learned? 2．Vocabulary test 1)choose the right word and put in the proper form:(1)had received(2)affects(3)Admission(4)awake(5)beneath(6)on 2)Put in the missing words.good-natured；
hunt；
drank；
queer；
asleep；
woke；
occurred；
absence；
portrait；
replace.3．Grammar Work Put in the blanks with correct verb forms.(1)was surfing；
was cut；
(2)will have planted；
(3)was；
had not been；
(4)has been married；
(5)is；
will be；
(6)is；
must have rained 4．Written Work Write what you’ve learnt from the text about the little boy’s life in school in about 100 words.5．Translation(1)也许所有教育最有价值的结果就是培养你有具有让你完成你不得不做的任何该做的事,不管你愿不愿意做.(2)教育就是能让我们不断地发现我们的无知.2、Lesson 2 Going Home Answers 1.Oral work(1)What do you know about these young people?(2)How did the young people feel when they heard the story ? 2.Vocabulary test 1)choose the right word and put in the proper form:(1)across(2)rise(3)attend/ take part in(4)reach(5)since(6)above/ below 2)Put in the missing words.screaming；
clenched；
triumph；
exaltation；
except；
stunned；
misty；
covered；
ribbons；
banner 3.Grammar work Translation.(1)Nobody could tell where the treasure was hidden.(2)The traffic will be very heavy on the road during the rush hour everyday.(3)He may have given her advice, but I doubt if it does her any good.(4)What she learned at university proved useful in her research.(5)If he had waited for the traffic lights to change, he would not have been killed.(6)If not I had seen him at the party yesterday evening!4.Written Work 略.5.Translation(1)多给人原谅比多去谴责(2)如果我们想要去爱,我们必须学会如何去原谅.3、Lesson 3 Massage of the Land Answers 1.Oral work(answers omitted)2.Vocabulary test 1)(1)unfaithful(2)take out(3)talk over(4)send for(5)sent away(6)send up 2)Put the missing words(1)sick / ill(2)alone(3)out(4)phone(5)on(6)until(7)church(8)only(9)answered(10)needed(11)clever(12)save(13)bit(14)now 3)Write the numbers in words.(1)Two hundred and eight(2)One thousand five hundred / fifteen hundred(3)Seven thousand, one hundred and twenty-eight.(4)two dollars six-five / two dollars and sixty-five cents.(5)fourth(6)twenty-first(7)thirtieth(8)one half, three quarters, four fifths 3.Grammar work(answers omitted)4.Written Work One possible version: My parents were born, brought up and married on this land.They have been living there through their life.They got up at sunrise and retired with their chickens.They planted and reaped rice and raised a few goats, cows and chickens which could provide what they needed in their daily life..However, the piece of lands was no longer fertile, bleeding year after year, like them, getting old and exhausted.The soil was not difficult to till when there was a lot of rain, but in a bad year, it was not only the ploughs that broke but their hearts, too.The farmer life is hard but my parents are enjoying it.They cherish their land and never want to leave it.5.Translation.1)家再贫寒，也没有任何地方能和它比。
2）家庭生活中标最重要的不仅是成员之间的心领神会，还需要心领神犀一点通。
3）我的丈夫对此却比我安心多了。他总是不闻不问、不紧不慢，沉默寡言，自个儿过日 4、Lesson 4 The Boy and the Bank Officer Answers 1.Oral work(answers omitted)2.Vocabulary test 1)Choose the right word and put it in the proper form.(1)take(2)bring(3)possibly(4)probably(5)probably(6)each(7)every 2)Put in the missing words.(1)relied(2)time(3)still(4)when(5)to(6)a(7)finally(8)started(9)As(10)trying(11)attention(12)tickets(13)then(14)back 3． Grammar work.Put in a, an, the, or “/” in the blankets(1)a, /,/(2)the(3)/,the(4)/,a(5)/, /(6)the, the(7)the, an 4．Written work One possible version: I was forced again by the bully to go to the bank for money.I handed over my own savings-account book to the bank officer, but unfortunately, he refused by saying that I was too young to withdraw money.I couldn’t believe it.When did this tiresome rule come out? A warn-hearted man argued with him that this so-called policy was ridiculous.But the officer insisted his opinion, I became hopeless.Suddenly, the kind man said to the officer that why you let the boy withdraw money before but not now.The officer annoyed, and still persisted in his refusal.This moment, I was totally upset and walked out of the bank.“What should I do? How can I deal with the wicked guy?” 5．Translation.1）我们应该为保持一个安全的环境作出自己的贡献。
2）人生最大的教训是知道即使傻瓜有时也是对的。
3）当时正式吃午饭的时候，银行只有一个又一个职员值班。他是个人40来岁的黑人，梳着短短的平头，留着一字胡，穿着一身整洁熨汤过的棕色西装。他浑身上下都显示出他是个穿着讲究、有身份的人。
5、Lesson 5 Angels on a Pin Answers 1.Oral work 1)How can we control the frequent floods in the Yangtzi River valley? 2)What do you think is the best way to fight against pollution(crime/corruption/smoking?)2.Vocabulary text 1)Choose the best word and put it in the proper form.(1)locked(2)disappointed(3)excited(4)surrounded(5)solved/settled(6)finished 2)Put in the missing words.(1)thirsty(2)in(3)best(4)why(5)so(6)finished(7)out(8)wasn’t(9)idea(10)back(11)against(12)climb(13)on(14)get(15)help(16)thought(17)advice(18)when(19)quickly(20)after(21)promise(22)but(23)as(24)have(25)before 3.Grammar work 1)Complete the exercises on the passive form(1)Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.(2)She was caught shoplifting.(3)Your bicycle is being repaired now.(4)A Roman pavement has just been found under Oxford Street.(5)Has Peter been invited to supper tonight?(6)Stamps are not sold in university bookstores.4.Written work Imagine yourself to be the student in the story and describe your experience of the exam in about 100 words.5.Translation(1)光勤劳是不够的，蚂蚁也是勤劳的。要看你为什么而勤劳。
(2)时间是个多才多艺的表演者。它能展翅飞翔，能阔步前进，能治愈创伤，能消逝而去，也能揭示真相 6、Lesson 6 The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street Answers 1.Oral work Read aloud the paragraphs in the play and act out the play.2.Vocabulary test 1)Choose the best word and put it in the proper form.(1)homely(2)weekly(3)fortnightly(4)timely(5)friendly(6)unlikely 2)Put in the missing words.(1)physically(2)for(3)started(4)with(5)race(6)times(7)heard(8)down(9)turned(10)bent(11)make(12)all(13)together(14)stood(15)on 3.Grammar work 1)Make each pair of sentences in to one sentence.(1)I’m sorry for those people who haven’t got a sense of responsibility.(2)He had a simple idea which changed the world.(3)It’s a book everybody talks about but nobody reads(4)I met a girl whose beauty took my breath away.(5)The dentist pulled out the two teeth which had been causing a lot of trouble.(6)All the poems she wrote were destroyed in a fire.4.Written work In about 100 words, write a summary of the play with the help of the following questions.1)When and where did the event tae place? 2)What happened one night? 3)What were people’s first reactions? 4)What did Tommy tee the people? 5)What was the effect of Tommy’s words? 6)What is the message of the story? 5.Translation(1)生活而无目标，犹如航海之无指南针。
(2)胜利是不会向我走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。
7、Lesson 7 Mandela’s Garden Answers 1.Oral work.2.Vocabulary test.1)Choose the right word and put it in its proper form.(1)earth(2)land, soil(3)remove(4)moved(5)learn(6)study 2)Put in the missing words.(1)who(2)history(3)went(4)animals(5)out(6)and(7)ago(8)grew(9)planted(10)stay(11)women(12)hunting(13)home 14)agriculture 3.Grammar work.Choose an appropriate conjunction from as/ since/until/when/while.1)While 2)since 3)When 4)until 5)As 6)as 4.Written work..5.Translation.1)事后诸葛亮。
2)自食其果。
8、Lesson 8 My Personal Manager Answers 1.Oral work.2.Vocabulary test.1)Complete the sentences, using the proper form of the phrasal verbs listed below: look after/look at/ look around/ look like/ look back/ look up/ look out.(1)look after(2)look like(3)look at(4)look around(5)Looking back(6)looked up 2)Put in the missing words.(1)dancing(2)going(3)meeting(4)sitting(5)working(6)joining(7)running(8)lifting(9)doing(10)taking(11)Exercising(12)wasting 3.Grammar work.Complete the exercises on comparatives and superlatives.1)nicer 2)father/further 3)less anxious 4)worse 5)more…than 6)latter 4.Written work.5.Translation.1)人多力量大。
2)世上无难事，只要肯攀登。
单纯的课本内容，并不能满足学生的需要，通过补充，达到内容的完
第四篇：现代大学英语精读6 课后题答案
Lesson 1 1.An imbalance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics.贫富不均乃共和政体最致命疾.2.Their poverty is a temporary misfortune, if they are poor and meek, they eventually will inherit the earth.他们的贫穷只是一种暂时性的不幸，如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们最终将成为世界的主人.3.Couples in love should repair to R H Macy’s not their bedrooms.热恋的夫妇应该在梅西百货商店过夜,而不是他们的新房.4.The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it.And so is in economic life.It’s merely the working out of a law of the nature and a law of God.美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口，而她之所以能被培植就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被插掉了，在经济生活中情况亦是如此。这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用.5.(It has become)an economically not unrewarding enterprise.（它已成为）经济上收入不菲的行业.6.There is...no form of oppression that is quiet so great, no constriction on thought and effort quiet so comprehensive, as that which come from having no money at all.没有哪种压迫比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种对思想和行为的束缚比一无所有来得更全面彻底
7.Freedom we rightly cherish.Cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need.我们珍惜自由式对的。正因为珍惜自由，我们就不能以此为借口，不给最需要自由的人自由.8.Whether they be in Erhiopa, the south Bronx, or even in such an Elysium as Los Angeles, we resolve to keep them off our minds.不管他们生活在埃塞俄比亚，还是在纽约的南部布朗克斯区，甚至是洛杉矶这样的天堂，人们都决心不去为这些人操心.9....he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles.如上述所说，他在华盛顿高层当中有无比的威望.10.Compassio , along with the association public effort is the least comfortable, the least convenient course of behavior and action in our time.同情心，加上与之相关的社会努力是人们这个年代，最令人不快的行为何行动方针.Lesson 2 1.It was an idyllic life, and we lived close to our family and to the comforts and safety a small town could afford.这是一种田园式的生活,我们和亲戚们住得很近,享受着小镇生活所能给予我们的舒适和安全.2.But papa was a man of enterprise, he realized that the untouched Ten Thousand Islands off the southwest coast of the sate were rich in soil for crops and in game for food.但父亲是一个很有进取心人, 他知道佛罗里达州西南海岸的万岛群岛还没有被开发,那儿土壤肥沃,适于耕种,而且猎物充足,不必担心食物来源.3.This third day out, and the days to come, found us in the unsettled wilds of Florida.出发的第三天以及以后的日子里,我们都在佛罗里达无人居住的荒野中穿行.4.Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons, constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids.水下的水草就像绿色的丝带,不断地伸展开来,野兰花一簇簇地挂满了枝头.5.The burly arms of oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.Redbirds, tanagers and painted buntings flew back and forth across the trail, leaving a child with the impression that the woods were tossing with jewels...乔叶栎粗壮的枝杆上覆盖着蕨类植物,附生的凤梨科植物也在盛开.红雀,唐纳雀和色彩斑斓的鸟沿着小路飞来飞去,让一个小孩子觉得好像是宝石在树林中跳动.6.The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but the Indians and black people were susceptible to his manipulations.本地的白人像惧怕响尾蛇一样怕他, 而印第安人和黑人则不得不受他的控制和剥削.7.Our new home was more than safe;it was a joy!
我们的新家不仅安全牢固,它还给我们带来了无尽的乐趣.8.Today I can see in my grandsons and great-grandsons some of those qualities of courage and caring that my father had in such abundance.今天,在我的子孙身上, 我仍然能看到我父亲所拥有的无尽的勇气和爱心.Lesson 3 1.We have been tampering with this powerful force, unaware, like the Sorcerer’s Apprentice, of the potentially disastrous consequences of our actions.我们一直在滥用职权这股强大的力量,就像传说中魔术师的徒弟一样,我们并没有意识到我们的这种行为很可能会导致灾难性的后果.2.Even if the global warming catastrophe never materializes, and the ozone hole remains an esoteric, polar phenomenon, already human activity has profoundly altered global conditions in ways that may not register on the camera.即使全球变暖这种灾难永不发生, 即使臭氧空洞仍然只是一种深奥的极地现象,人类活动也已极大地改变了全球条件,这些也许是照相机拍不出来的.3.The technosphere, in contrast, is dominated by linear processes.与生态圈相反,技术圈是由线性流程所决定的.4.The energy sources that now power the technosphere are mostly fossil fuels, stores that, once depleted, will never be renewed.现在技术圈运作的能源主要是矿物燃料,一旦用完,永不再生.5.Nylon...is not biodegradable—that is, there is no enzyme in any know living organism that can break it down.尼龙不能进行生物分解—也就是说,在现存的有机物中还没有发现有哪种没酶可以分解尼龙.6....living things have created a limited but self-consistent array of substances and reactions that are essential to life.…有生命的东西创造了一系列对生命至关重要的有限但独立的物质和反应.7.A free lunch is really a debt, in the technosphere, a debt is an acknowledged but unmet cost...免费午餐实际上是一种债务.在技术圈, 债务是指已承认但尚未归还的欠款….8....when the debts represented by environmental pollution are created by the technosphere and transferred to the ecosphere, they are never canceled, damage is unavoidable.… 当债务以技术圈制造的环境污染的形式出现,然后又转嫁到生态圈时, 这种债务将永远无法消除.造成破坏是不可避免的.Lesson 4 1.Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a presence--the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby.这里的每一颗树都表现出某种神态。比如,榆树看上去宁静安详，橡树则咄咄逼人，枫树亲切友好，而山楂树则老气横秋，脾气暴躁。
2.There was a keen alarm when the cry came, a wire zinging through your whole body, a fanatic feeling of devotion.当他喊我的名字时，我会紧张万分，全身蹭地就像过了电似的，一种狂热的忠诚感油然而生。3.One morning, of course, the job was all finished, the well capped, the pump reinstated, the fresh water marvelled at.一天早上，工作全部完成，这是意料中的事。井口上了盖子，水泵重新安装好了，大家对清澈的井水赞叹不已。
4.In my kitchen or in hers, once a week or so, distracted by our children and sometimes reeling for lack of sleep, we stoked ourselves on strong coffee and cigarettes and launched out a rampage of talk--about our marriages, our fights, our personal deficiencies, our interesting and discreditable motives, our forgone ambitions.我们大约每周都要在我的厨房或她的厨房聚会一次。孩子们总是不断打扰我们有时我们还会因为缺觉而感到头晕目眩，于是我们就用大量的浓咖啡和香烟给自己提神，开始天南海北的聊大天，所谈的话题无所不包：我们的婚姻，奋斗，个人的不足，既有趣又有些丢脸的动机，以及我们曾有过的理想抱负。
5.Sunny had given him fresh sheets rather than unmaking and making up again the bed he had left for me.苏妮给了他干净的床单，免得在他留给我的床上重新叠被，铺床。
6.My sleep was shallow, my dreams monotonously lustful, with irritating and unpleasant subplots.我睡得很浅，没完没了地做着充满情欲的梦，中间还穿插着令人不快的小情节。
7.The bushes right at the edge of the grass looked impenetrable, but close up there were little openings, the narrow paths that animals or people looking for golf balls had made.挨着草地边上的灌木丛看上去似乎无法穿过，但走近了可以看到一些小缺口和窄窄的小径，这是给动物或者找高尔夫球的人们踩出来的。
8.It looked as if a large portion of the sky had detached itself and was bearing down, bustling and resolute, taking a not quite recognizable but animate shape.看上去，天空的一大部分似乎脱离了主体，喧闹着、果断地压向地面，那形状虽然说不出具体像什么，但像是一种活物的样子。
9.This was more of a ritual, a recognition of survival rather than of our bodies' inclinations.我们拥抱并不是出鱼身体的渴望，而是庆祝劫后余生的一种表示。
Lesson 5 1.The American experience was unique in a number of ways.美国的经验在许多方面都是独特的。
2.The country was blessed by notable advantages—above all, by the the fact that population was scare in relation to available resources.这个国家有着得天独厚的优势-主要是人口相对稀少而资源十分丰富。
3.It arose originally from a philosophical rather than an economic commitment...它源于对思想原则的信仰，而不是出于对经济利益的追求…
4.We have found no better way than democracy to fulfill man’s talents and release his energies.我们发现民主是使人的才智得到充分施展、人的能量得以充分发挥的最好方式。
5.We have found no better way than democracy to fulfill man's talents and release his energies...在意识形态体系与经验主义斗争的历史上，意识形态体系曾吸引了人类历史上一些聪明绝顶的人物….6.In its finest hours, the US has, so to speak, risen above ideology.在她处于最佳时期时.美国可以说超越了所有的意识形态体系。7....hat government was best which governed least...…政府管得越少越好….8.Indeed, the whole ideological enterprise contradicted Jefferson’s temper, which was basically flexible and experimental.说实在的，杰斐逊一生在意识形态体系上所做的努力与他的性格是矛盾的。他的性格特征基本上是灵活的、从经验出发的。
9.Indeed, I would suggest that we might well banish some overloaded words from intellectual discourse...(These words)are sources of heat, not of light.我甚至建议在思想界和学术界讨论中摒弃某些用滥了的词语。… 这些词语只能是头脑发热，而不会给人以智慧的光芒。
10.Free men know many truths, but they doubt whether any mortal man knows the Truth.自由人掌握许多具体的真理，但他们认为没有一个凡人能够掌握绝对真理。
Lesson 6 1.He stood his ground, sucking slightly at the residue of oil;a few drops leaked out of his lips while his wicked eyes, shaded by their coy little lashes, turned on me in disgust and hatred.他站在那儿，轻轻地吸吮着剩下的油，有几滴从嘴唇边漏了出来。他看着我，害羞得短睫毛下那原本淘气的眼睛里充满了厌恶和憎恨。
2.We had been having an unseasonable spell of weather-hot, close days, with the fog shutting in every night, scaling for a few hours in midday, then creeping back again at dark, drifting in first over the trees on the point, then suddenly blowing across the fields, blotting out the world and taking possession of houses, men, and animals.我们正经历一段非常反常的天气，闷热且雾气沉沉。浓雾每晚笼罩着村庄。中午的几个小时雾会渐渐散去，但傍晚时又悄悄地潜回，先是覆盖树梢，接着一下子飘过田地，挡住了外面的世界，将整个村庄的房屋、人和动物都裹在其中。
3.With very small, timid pigs, weanlings, this ruse is often quite successful and will encourage them
to eat;but with a large, sick pig the ruse is senseless and the sound I made must have made him feel, if anything, more miserable.对于羞涩的、刚断奶的小猪，这一招常常很有效，能诱使他们吃东西；但对于一头生病的大猪，这个做法却丝毫没有意义，我发出的声音肯定只会让他觉得更难受。
4.From the lustiness of a healthy pig a man derives a feeling of personal lustiness;the stuff that goes into the trough and is received with such enthusiasm is an earnest of some later feast of his own, and when this suddenly comes to an end and the food lies stale and untouched, souring in the sun, the pig's imbalance becomes the man's, vicariously, and life seems insecure, displaced, transitory.看到一头健康的猪精力充沛，人们常常感到自己也是精力充沛。看到它狼吞虎咽地吃掉食槽中的食物，人们就像是预订了今后的大餐。而当这一切突然结束，槽中的食物丝毫未动，任其在阳光下发馊时，猪的不适也就让人觉得自己也不舒服，生活变得失去了安全感、失去了平衡、变得转瞬即逝。
5.The pig's lot and mine were inextricably bound now, as though the rubber tube were the silver cord.From then until the time of his death I held the pig steadily in the bowl of my mind;the task of trying to deliver him from his misery became a strong obsession.His suffering soon became the embodiment of all earthly wretchedness.现在这头猪的命运和我的命运紧紧地联系在一起，似乎冲洗直肠的橡皮管就是连接我们情感的纽带。从他生病到死去，我无时无刻不想着他。如何想办法使他脱离苦海成了我心里想的唯一的事情。他的苦难很快就变成世间所有悲惨经历的写照。，6.The awakening had been violent and I minded it all the more because I knew that what could be true of my pig could be true also of the rest of my tidy world.1 tried to put this distasteful idea from me, but it kept recurring.这种醒悟来得太过突然，使我深感不安，因为我知道世事难料，在猪身上发生的事情同样也有可能在我身边其他看似平静之处发生。我想忘记这个令人不快的想法，但他总是不停地出现。
7.all of us working in darkness and in comfort, working with the instinctive teamwork induced by emergency conditions, the pig unprotesting, the house shadowy, protecting, intimate.我们大家凭着紧急情况下产生的本能的合作精神，在黑暗中默契地配合。猪并没有反抗，屋子笼罩在黑暗中，给人一种安全感和亲切感。
8.Everything about this last scene seemed overwritten-the dismal sky, the shabby woods, the imminence of rain, the worm(legendary bedfellow of the dead), the apple(conventional garnish of a pig).关于这最后一亩的描写显得有点冗长—阴沉的天空、杂乱的树丛、即将来临的降雨，以及传说中与尸体作伴的蚯蚓和烤猪时常用作点缀的苹果。
Lesson 7 1.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end as well as beginning—signifying renewal as well as change.我们今天庆祝的不是党派的胜利, 而是自由的选择—象征着一个时代的结束和另一个时代的开始—意味着延续与变化。
2.United, there is little we can’t do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do—for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.如果我们团结一致，我们在一系列共同从事的事业中就可以无往而不胜。如果我们四分五裂，我们就会一事无成—因为在意见分歧，四分五裂的情况下，我们不敢迎接强有力的挑战。3.…one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.….一种殖民控制形式的消失，不应为另一种更为残酷的暴政所取代。
4.… and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger and ended up inside.….要记住，在过去，那些愚蠢地想靠与虎谋皮而得势的最终都为虎所食。
5.…we renew our pledge of support—to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective—to strength its shield of the new and the weak—and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.…
我们重申我们的支持—不让其变成一个相互指责的论坛—加强其对新生国家和弱小国家的保护—扩大其主导作用的领域。
6.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.只有当我们的军力强大无比时，我们才有把握永不使用武力。7.Let us never negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.我们永远不会由于恐惧而去谈判，但我们永不畏惧谈判。
8.And if a beached of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion…
如果小小的一点合作能驱散深深的猜疑…
9.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.同胞们，我们事业最终的失败不是掌握在我手中，而是掌握在你们手中。
10.Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.不要问你的国家能为你做什么，要自问你能为你的国家作何贡献。
Lesson 8 1.When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant – a combined gardener and cook – had seen in at least ten years.艾米丽·格里尔森小姐过世了，我们全镇人都去参加她的葬礼。男人们去是出于一种尊敬，因为一座纪念碑倒下了；女人们则大多是出于好奇，想看看她房子里面到底是什么样的。因为除了一位兼任花匠和厨师的老男仆之外，至少有十年没人进去看过了。
2.And now Miss Emily had gone to join the representatives of those august names where they lay in the cedar-bemused cemetery among the ranked and anonymous graves of Union and confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Jefferson.现在艾米丽小姐也加入到那些名门望族代表的行列之中了。他们在令人沉思的雪松的陪伴下长眠于公墓，他们的墓碑周围埋葬着一排排南北战争中在杰斐逊战场上阵亡的南军和北军的
无名战士。
3.Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care;a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town.艾米丽小姐在世时，一直是传统的化身，履行职责和给予关照的对象，这是全镇人沿袭下来的一种义务。
4.They were admitted by the old Negro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow.老黑鬼把他们引进光线黯淡的门厅，厅里的楼梯通向更加阴暗的楼上。
5.And when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sunray.当他们坐下时，一股细细的灰尘在他们大腿周围慢慢扬起，尘粒在孤独的太阳光束中缓缓地旋转着。
6.Her skeleton was small and spare;perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her.她的骨架小而瘦，也许这就是为什么别人穿起来只是显得丰满的服装在她身上却显得肥胖。7.So the next night, after midnight, four men crossed Miss Emily’s lawn and slunk about the house like burglars, sniffing along the base of the brickwork and at the cellar openings while one of them performed a regular sowing motion with his hand out of a sack slung from his shoulder.于是，第二天午夜之后，四个男人穿过艾米丽家的草坪，如同窃贼般在她屋子里潜行，沿着房子砖基部分以及地窖的通风处使劲地嗅着。其中一个人不时地将手从背在肩上的麻袋里掏出，做出一个播种的动作。
8.They had not even been represented at the funeral.他们甚至没有派代表出席葬礼。
9.Miss Emily just stared at him, her head tilted back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looked away and went and got the arsenic and wrapped it up.艾米丽小姐只是盯着她，他的头向后仰，以便能与他对视，直到他移开视线转而去取砒霜并打包。
10.Now and then we would see her in one of the downstairs windows – she had evidently shut up the top floor of the house – like the carven torso of an idol in a niche, looking or not looking at us, we could never tell which.有时我们在楼下的一个窗口可以看到她，显然她已封闭了顶楼，她的身影就像供奉在壁龛里的一尊雕刻成的神像躯体，我们永远分辨不出她是否在看着我们。
Lesson 9
1.They have put in the window the cardboard sign that has a pound measure printed on each of three edges – 10 lbs., 25 lbs., 50 lbs.– and No Ice on the fourth.他们在窗上挂了一块硬纸板做的牌子，上面的三边分别写着10磅、25磅、50磅，第四边写着―不加冰‖。
2.They go to land-grant colleges, normal schools, and learn how to do the white man’s work with refinement: home economics to prepare his food;teacher education to instruct black children in obedience;music to soothe the weary master and entertain his blunted soul.她们就读于政府拨款的大学以及师范学院。她们学习如何把服务白人丈夫的工作做得更细致：学家政是为了给他们烧菜做饭；当老师是为了教育黑人孩子顺从；学音乐是为了抚慰疲惫的主人以及娱乐他那麻木的灵魂。
3A sidelong look will be enough to tell him to smoke on the back porch.一个斜视便足以告诉他抽烟应该到房后的走廊那边。
4.At her gentlest touch he will preen, stretch, and open his mouth.在她最温柔的抚摸下，他舔着毛、伸着懒腰、张开嘴巴。
5.Junior considered the playground his own, and the schoolchildren coveted his freedom to sleep late, go home for lunch, and dominate the playground after school.朱尼尔把操场当做是自己的，小学生们都羡慕他有这么多的自由，可以睡懒觉，可以回家吃午饭，放学后还可以统治整个操场。
6.More than anything in the world he wanted to play King of the Mountain and have them push him down the mound of dirt and roll over him.比起这个世界上的任何东西，他最想玩―山丘之王‖的游戏，被他们推下土山坡，让他们在他身上滚过去。
7.She was deep in admiration of the flowers when Junior said, ―Here!‖ 当朱尼尔说―给你‖的时候，她正深深地欣赏着那些花儿。
8.Pecola’s banging on the door increased his gasping, high-pitched laughter.佩克拉拼命拍门让他笑得更厉害了。他尖声笑着，几乎喘不过气。
9.But she could not hold it low enough to avoid seeing the snowflakes falling and dying on the pavement.但是就算她把头垂得再低，也不足以避免看到雪花纷纷飘落到人行道上并立刻消融。
Lesson 10
1.But it is on the middle classes that the eye of the critic rests – just as it rests on the poor in Russia and on the aristocracy in Japan.但是，最吸引评论者关注的是中产阶级，正如在俄国人们关注的是穷人，在日本人们关注贵族一样。
2.How perfectly it expresses their character – far better, for instance, than does the university, into which social and spiritual complexities have already entered.它比例如带有社会与精神的复杂性的大学更充分的表现了他们的特性。参考资料翻译：英国公学制度比大学更充分地表现了英国中产阶级的特性。社会与精神的复杂性已经进入大学。3.In all these careers his education, or the absence of it, influences him.在上述事业中，他所受的教育，或者说没有受到的教育，深深地影响着他。
4.They remember with regret that golden time when life, though hard, was not yet complex;when they all worked together and played together and thought together, so far as they thought at all: when they were taught that school is the world in miniature and believed that no one can love his country who does not love his school.他们心怀遗憾地怀念那段金色时光。那时生活虽然艰苦，但还不算复杂。他们同学习、同游戏、同思考，如果说他们思考的话。他们受到的教育告诉他们，学校是个微型世界，他们相信，一个人如果不爱自己的学校，那他就不可能爱自己的国家。
5.They go forth into it with well-developed bodies, fairly developed minds, and undeveloped hearts.他们进入社会时，体魄健全，大脑发育还算可以，但是心的发育则不健全。
6.He could not express his sorrow too much.But in me the Englishman came out strong.他过度地表达出自己的悲伤，但是在我身上则变现出强烈的英国人特性。
7.Shelley, at all events, believes that the wealth of the spirit is endless;that we may express it copiously, passionately, and always;and that we can never feel sorrow or joy to acutely.无论怎样，雪莱相信精神的财富是无穷无尽的。他相信我们可以大量地、充满激情地、经常地表达我们的情感；我们永远都不能觉得悲伤或者欢乐过于剧烈。8.The Frenchmen responded at once;the Englishmen responded in time.法国人立即做出反应，而英国人则需过一段时间才做出反应。
9.It acts promptly and feels slowly.Such a combination is fruitful, and anyone who possesses it has gone a long way toward being brave.它行动迅速，感觉却迟缓。这二者的结合富有成效，具备这一结合的人多半都很勇敢。10.But she has a merciless eye for questions of conduct, and the classical example of two English people muddling themselves before they embark upon a wrong course of action is to be found in the opening chapters of Sense and Sensibility.但是在观察行为问题时，她的目光冷酷无情。她的小说《理智与情感》开头前几章提供了一个经典的例子——两个英国人在开始一项错误的做法之前是如何先犯糊涂的。
11.From villainies such as these the average Englishman is free.His character, which prevents his rising to certain heights, also prevents him from sinking to these depths.普通的英国人没有这样的恶行。他的性格会阻碍他上升到一定的高度，同时也防止他堕落到这样的深度。
12.The nations must understand one another, and quickly;and without the interposition of their governments, for the shrinkage of the globe is throwing them into one another’s arms.各民族必须互相了解，而且要快，不要政府的插手和干预，因为世界在缩小，正把他们抛向对方的怀中。参考资料翻译：……，因为世界在缩小，这使得他们不可避免地要进行接触。
Lesson 11
1.If we trace the universe back to its origins in the Big Bang, we find the multiplicity of things fusing into greater and greater simplicity, until at the moment of creation itself there is only pure undifferentiated energy.如果我们追溯宇宙的起源到原始大爆炸，我们就会发现众多的事物逐渐合并成越来越简单的事物，直到创世的那一刻时，就只剩下纯粹而无区别的能量了。
2.I also believe this primal energy continues to feed us, directly through the goods of creation, and indirectly through the experience of beauty.我还认为这种原始能源继续在给我们提供能量，直接地是通过世间万物，间接地是通过美的感受。
3.I study images of quasars giving birth to galaxies, galaxies whirling in the shapes of pinwheels, supernovas ringed by strands of luminous debris, and all the while I am delving back toward that utter beginning when you and I and my daughter and her new husband and the bright heavenly host were joined in the original burst of light.我研究类星体产生星系的图像，这些星系如同玩具风车一样旋转，超新星被一缕缕发光的星体残骸所包围。我不断地探索宇宙的开端，追溯到你、我、我的女儿、她的新婚丈夫以及天空中闪闪发光的星星汇合成原始大耀光。
4.The stimulus might be the sheen of moonlight on the needles of a white pine, or the iridescent glimmer on a dragonfly’s tail.It might be bird song or Bach sonata or the purl of water over stone.It might be a line of poetry, the savor of bread, the sway of a bough or a bow.The provocation might be as grand as a mountain sunrise or as humble as an icicle’s jeweled tip, yet in each case a familiar surge of gratitude and wonder wells up in me.这一刺激也许来自倾泻在白松松针上的月光，或是蜻蜓尾部彩虹色的微光。它可能来自小鸟的歌唱、巴赫的奏鸣曲或流水淌过石头的潺潺声。它可能来自一行诗、面包的香味、树枝或琴弓的摇摆。它可能如同高山日出般雄伟壮观，或如冰柱晶莹的柱尖般谦卑，但不管是何种起因，每次我内心都会涌起同样的感激和惊叹。
5.Do my sensory thrills tell me anything about the world? Does beauty reveal a kinship between my small self and the great cosmos, or does my desire for meaning only fool me into thinking so? 感官的激情是否让我对世界有所了解呢？是美揭示了小自我与大世界之间的紧密关系还是我对事物内涵的追求让我愚蠢地这样认为呢？
6.Mustn’t beauty be shallow if it can be painted on? Mustn’t beauty be a delusion if it can blink off and on like a flickering bulb? 如果美可以被描绘，就一定不会是肤浅的吗？如果它能够像闪烁的灯泡般断断续续地闪光，就一定不会是一种错觉吗？
7.If we take a ride through the suburbs and study the rolling acres of lawn dotted with clumps of trees and occasional ponds, what do we see but a faithful simulation of the African savanna where humans first lived.如果我们坐车穿越郊区，观察一下占地好几英亩的起伏的草坪，点缀其间的树丛及偶尔出现的池塘，我们所看到的不就是人类最早居住的非洲热带大草原的忠实翻版吗？
8.Just so, I believe, the experience of beauty is an echo of the order and power that permeate the universe.因此，我相信对美的感受是弥漫于宇宙中的秩序与能量的共鸣。
Lesson 12
1.As Greek food goes, I was lucky.就希腊菜肴而言，我是幸运的。
2.If you do not drink ouzo as an aperitif in a Greek provincial town, you go without.如果在希腊一个地方城市你不把茴香烈酒当做开胃酒喝的话，你就没到过那里。参考资料翻译：……，那你就只好不喝。
3.Where there was once a narrow pass, there is no room for road and rail, and fields that lap round the corner.起初这里只是一条狭窄的通道，现在已经宽到可以通公路和铁路了，农田一直延伸到山的拐角处。
4.When that assembly of nations heaved itself off the earth and marched, the ground shuddered like the head of a drum.当来自各国的军队起步行进时，大地颤抖，声如擂鼓。
5.It is said that Xerxes leaped from his throne three times in terror for his whole army.据说薛西斯由于担心军心不稳，三次从皇帝宝座上跳了起来。
6.At any moment, rumor could have sent those savage levies scrambling away into the mountains.谣言随时都可能让这些强征来的野蛮人组成的军队争先跑进山里面。参考资料翻译：……作鸟兽散，匆忙逃进周围的高山。
7.Obscurely, and in part, I understood what it had meant to Leonidas when he looked up at these cliffs in the dawn light and saw that their fledging of pines was not thick enough to hide the glitter of arms.朦胧地，我在某种程度上懂得了当利奥尼达斯在拂晓的晨光中抬头看着那些悬崖峭壁，看到松针不够茂密得足以将兵器的锋芒掩盖之时，对他来说意味着什么。
8.If the rest of Greece beyond the wall did not unite and make its stand, the game was up.如果在墙的那一边的希腊余部不能联合起来抵抗，那么一切都完了。
9.It is famous for its reticence and simplicity – has been translated a hundred times but can only be paraphrased.它以其含蓄与简洁著称——虽已被译过上百次，但也只能是意译而已。
第五篇：现代大学英语精读4UNIT1翻译及课后答案
UNIT1
思考作为一种嗜好
当我还是个孩子的时候，我就得出了思考分三种等级的结论。后来思考成了嗜好，我进而得出了一个更加离奇的结论，那就是：我自己根本不会思考。
第一个把思考这个问题带到我面前的是我文法学校的校长。他的办公室里有一些小雕像。就在他书桌后面一个高高的橱柜上面。其中一位女士除了一条浴巾外一丝不挂。她好象被永远地冻结在对浴巾再往下滑的恐惧中了。而不幸的是她没有手臂，所以无法把浴巾拉上来。在她的身边蜷伏着一头美洲豹，好象随时都会往下跳到档案橱柜最上层的抽屉上去。在豹子的另一边端坐着一个健硕的裸体男子，他手肘支在膝头，手握拳托着腮帮子，全然一副痛苦不堪的样子。
过了一些时候，我对这些雕像有了一些了解。才知道校长把它们放在正对着犯错的孩子的位置是因为对校长来说这些雕像象征着整个生命。那位裸体的女士是维纳丝。她象征着爱。她不是在为浴巾担心，而是忙着显示美丽。美洲豹象征着自然，它在那里显得很自然而已。那位健硕的裸体男子并不痛苦，他是洛丁的思索者，一个纯粹思索的象征。
我想我得解释一下，我是校长办公室的常客，为我最近做过或者没做的事情。用现在的话来说我是不堪教化的。甚至还不如说，我是顽劣不羁，头脑迷糊的。每次在校长桌前接受处罚，那些雕像在他上方白晃晃地耀眼时，我就会垂下头，在身后紧扣双手，两只鞋不停地蹭来蹭去。
校长看着我然后说，“我们该拿你怎么办呢？”
哦，他们要拿我怎么办呢？我盯着旧地毯更狠命地蹂躏我的鞋。
“抬起头来，孩子！你就不能抬起头来吗？”
然后我就会抬起头来看橱柜，看着裸体女士被冻结在恐惧中，健硕的男子无限忧郁地凝视着猎豹的后腿。我跟校长没什么好说的。他的镜片反光，所以我看不到镜片后面有什么人性的东西，所以没有交流的可能。
“你从来都不动脑筋思考的吗？”
不，我不思考，刚才没思考，也不会思考——我只是在痛苦地等待接见结束。
“那你最好学一学 —— 你学了吗？”
有一次，校长跳起身来伸手取下洛丁的杰作重重地放在我面前的桌上。
“一个人真正在思考的时候是这个样子的。”
显然我是缺了点什么。大自然赋予其余的所有的人第六感觉却独独漏掉了我。我像那些生来耳聋却决意苦苦寻求声音的人一样观察着我的老师们，想要了解思想。
那时有位豪顿先生，他总是要我思考。他带着谦逊的满足告诉我他自己就动过一点脑筋思索过。那么他为什么花那么多时间酗酒？莫非酗酒其实比外表看起来更有意义？而如果不是这样，酗酒事实上损害健康 —— 豪格先生无疑被酒毁了的 —— 那他为什么还成天谈论纯净的生活以及新鲜空气的好处？
有时候讲到兴头上，他会从讲台上跳下来，把我们一窝蜂地赶到外头凛冽的风中去。
“现在，孩子们！深呼吸！感觉上帝创造的美好气流直接进入你们的体内！”
他会站在我们面前，叉着腰，深深地吸一口气。他会你能听到风被他的胸腔堵住，遇到障碍物艰难前进发出的声音。他的身体因为不习惯这样的感觉而摇摇晃晃，脸色变得惨白。他会步履蹒跚地走回讲台，然后瘫软在那里，一个上午都缓不过劲来。
豪顿先生喜欢发表关于美好的、清心寡欲、尽职尽责生活的独白。但是在发表这些独白的间隙，如果有个女孩经过窗前，他的脖子就会不由自主地扭转过去，一直目送她走出视线之外。在这种情况下，我认为他不是受思想，而是受他后颈里某个看不到却无法抗拒的发条的控制。
我对于他的脖子十分感兴趣。通常它在领口上方稍稍凸出。但是豪顿先生在第一次世界大战中曾经和美国人和法国人并肩作战，而且对两个国家都深恶痛绝。无论这两个国家中哪一个在时事中表现突出，他都对它没有好感，任何论证都无法说服他。他会捶着桌子，脖子胀红：“你爱怎么说怎么说，”他会叫道：“但是我已经想过这个问题了，而且我知道我想什么！”
豪顿先生用他的脖子思考。
我要对我的老师们进行详细的分析是为了介绍一下通常被称为思想的本质。通过他们我发现思考通常是充满了无意识的偏见、无知和虚伪的。在训诫无私的纯真的时候它的脖子却为了短裙而执意扭曲。从技术上而言，它娴熟如同商人玩高尔夫，诚实如同政客的意图，或者有条理如同大多数写出来的书。这就是后来被我称作第三等级的思考，虽然事实上称它为感觉更为恰当。
诚然，偏见里是有无辜的成分，但是在那时我对第三等级的思考的态度是毫不宽容的蔑视和不假思索的嘲笑。我以驳斥一位憎恨德国人却主张爱我们的敌人的虔诚女士为乐。她让我懂得了和第三等级思考者打交道的一个重大的真理。因为她，我不再轻易地拒绝百分之九十的人可能经历过的精神过程。他们高度地团结一致。我们最好尊重他们，因为我们处于他们的包围之中，势单力薄。一大堆第三等级的思考者，众口一词，借着自己的偏见温暖双手，他们是不会感激你指出他们信仰中的矛盾的。人是一种爱群居的动物，就象牛喜欢沿着山坡的同一条道路吃草一样喜爱共识。
第二个等级的思考是对于矛盾的觉察。二级思考者不轻易人云亦云，尽管常常会犯另一个错，落在后面。第二等级思考是一种警醒状态下的退缩，因为第二等级思考具有破坏却没有创造的能力。它让我在冷眼看着人群为国王陛下欢呼的时候觉得这样的喧嚣不知所谓，却没有提供什么可以替代这样强烈爱国精神。但是这样的思考还是有好处的。听人们以狐狸喜欢这样的待遇为理由为他们捕猎狐狸。听我们的女首相谈论通过逮捕尼赫鲁和甘地这样的人跟印度协商的好处，美国政客们可以刚谈完和平转身就拒绝加入国际联盟的时候，是的，还是有令人高兴的时刻的。
但是，当我渐渐长大，进入青春期以后，我不得不承认豪顿先生不是唯一一个无法抗拒脖子里的发条的人。我也一样感觉到了强大的自然之手的力量，开始发现指出矛盾有可能代价昂贵，也可能是有趣的。比如说，曾经有个严肃而迷人的姑娘，她的名字叫露丝。那个时候我是一个无神论者，她是一个卫理会会派教徒。但是，呵呵，露丝没有用圣灵的精神来转化我，而是愚蠢地用她可爱的小嘴试图说服我。她声称圣经（詹姆士国王版）逐字逐句都是得到启示而来的。我反驳说天主教徒信仰圣杰罗姆的拉丁文圣经，而这两本书是不同的。争论顿时卡壳了。
最后她说有那么多卫理会会派教徒，他们不可能是错的，几百万的人都错了，可能吗？这太简单了，我倔强地说（你越接近露丝，她就越好接近），罗马天主教徒也为数众多，他们也不可能是错的，他们有几亿人，可能都错了吗？她眼中扑闪着疑虑。我伸手揽过她的腰屏住呼吸低声说，如果算人数，我该捐钱给佛教徒。露丝溜掉了，我的手臂加上那些数不胜数的佛教徒实在让她无法忍受了。
那天晚上，她父亲来拜访我父亲，走的时候一副面红耳赤，义愤填膺的样子。我为发生过的事情受到了盘问。我失去了露丝，却冤枉地担上了准浪子的名声。
第二等级思考虽然让生活充满了乐趣和兴奋，却无法令人满足。寻找比我们年长的人的缺陷助长了年轻的自我，却无法让人觉得安全。它带着游泳者离开岸游了一段距离，然后把他留在那里，束手无策。本丢.彼拉多就是典型的第二等级思考者。“什么是真理？”他问道，一种十分常见却总出现在争论的末尾而不是开头的第二等级思考者。还有更高一级的思索问过“什么是真理？”后就开始去寻找它。
但这些第一等级思考者是十分罕见的。他们没有亲自来我的文法学校但却藏在书籍里。我向往他们是因为我雄心勃勃，因为我现在发现自己的嗜好如果不能更进一步就不能令人满意。如果你出发去爬山，不论你爬了多高，只要没到顶就不算成功。
我也可以成为第一等级思考者的。即使在人生最得意的时候我也是心无挂碍、玩世不恭的。政治和宗教系统、社会风俗、忠诚和传统，都象腐烂的苹果纷纷从树上掉落下来。最后我想出了为第一等级思考辩护永远的理由。我设计了一个连贯的生活体系。这是一个道德体系，完全合乎逻辑的道德体系。当然，我很乐意承认，要世界按我的思考方式转化将是困难的，因为我的体系废除了诸如大公司、中央政府、军队、婚姻等等之类的琐事。
又是露丝的问题。我曾有一些很要好的朋友站在我这边，他们现在仍然站在我这边。但是我的熟人都不见了，带着他们的女孩子消失了。姑娘们好象对世界的现状出奇的满意。有一个在皇家海军当下等兵的年轻人，对于不要大公司和婚姻乐意之至，但是一听我提议要一个没有战舰的世界时他的脖子跟豪顿先生一样胀得通红。
游戏太过火了？它还是游戏吗？在战前的那段日子，为了这个嗜好我固执地失去了很多东西。
现在你一定指望我描述我如何认识到了我自己路线的荒谬回到温暖的小巢了吧，回到那偏见常常被称为忠诚，无谓的行为因为重复被神圣化为风俗的小巢里，满足于把感觉说成思考。
但是，你错了。我把我的嗜好变成了职业。
More Work on the Text ⅡVocabulary 1.Translate.(P17)1)From English into Chinese．（1）a bath towel ——浴巾
（2）a grammar school——小学
（3）the eternal truth——永恒的真理（4）a filing cabinet——文件柜（5）utter nonsense——纯属没道理（6）delinquent behavior——违规行为（7）a frequent visitor(to)——常客（8）fresh air——新鲜空气（9）high-minded monologue——一个人唱高调（10）a settled view——不变的观点（11）current affairs——时事
（12）a physical impediment——身体障碍（13）a hideous wind——凛冽的风
（14）a hideous sight——令人厌恶的景象（15）a speech impediment——言语障碍
（16）heady patriotism——使人热血沸腾的爱国热情（17）the remorseless invaders——无情的入侵者（18）the Prime Minister——首相
（19）the League of Nations——国际联盟（20）a mental process——思维过程
（21）a coherent article——条理清楚的文章
（22）a coherent system——思路清晰连贯的体系（23）a proficient interpreter——一位口译好手（24）an irresistible trend——不可阻挡的趋势（25）rotten apples——烂了的苹果
（26）literally inspired——文字上受到启示的（27）a nodding acquaintance——点头之交
2)From Chinese into English.（1）低头——to sink one’s head（2）使船沉没——to sink the ship（3）思考生命的意义——to contemplate the meaning of life（4）让阳光一下照着——to catch the light（5）毁了一个人的身体——to ruin one’s health（6）毁了国家——to ruin the country（7）猛敲桌子——to bang the desk（8）扮演一个重要的角色——to play a prominent role（9）占有重要的位置——to hold a prominent position（10）一个虔诚的佛教徒——a pious Buddhist（11）获得一种名声——to gain a reputation（12）满足一个人的虚荣心——to satisfy one’s ego（13）疲劳询问；严刑逼供——to give sb the third degree（14）发明一种教学法——to devise a teaching method（15）在某人手中悄悄塞一支枪——to slide a gun into sb’s hand
4.Translate.(P18)1)我知道,不管发生什么,我都可以指望我的兄弟会支持我。
I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2)一般情况下,年轻人总是对现在和将来更有兴趣。As a general rule, young people tend to be more interested in the present and the future.3)如果他们双方不妥协,就都会遭损。Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4)我们希望使我们的全部课程和教材都成为一个统一的整体。
It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.5)中国的书面文字一直是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。
The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6)在中国的传统艺术中,竹子往往代表道德上的正直、刚正不阿。In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7)绝大多数人都赞成深化改革。
The great majority of the people stand for further reform.8)伊丽莎白一世女王统治英国45年。在她统治期间,国家十分繁荣昌盛。Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9)真理一开始总是掌握在少数人手里。这是一般的规律。
The truth is always in the hands of a small minority at first.That's the rule.10)民主意味着由多数人来治理,但是少数人反对的权利仍然得到尊重。这两条基本规则同等重要。
Democracy means that the majority rules , but the minority’s right to disagree is also respected.These two basic rules are of equal importance.11)一个国家不可能强大,除非她不但地理上是一个整体,而且经济上,政治上和文化上都是一个很好的整体。
A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.12)那次晚会很乏味,所以她悄悄溜出房间回家了。
The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.13)路很泥泞,他一滑掉进了河里。
The road was muddy.He slipped and fell into the river.14)有一天,我因为破产正在一家饭馆力借酒浇愁,他突然过来把一叠钞票悄悄塞进我手里。
One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.15)佛罗里达州的法院裁决,票数需要重新统计。
The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.16)认为太阳绕着地球转的观点统治了古代学术界达一千多年。
The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.17)这些胡同是构成老北京的完整的一部分。
These hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.18)日子一天天过去,可是我仍然没有多少进步。Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.19)他怕犯错,每个字都仔细推敲。
He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.20)她的身体糟糕到了冬天都不敢见太阳,免得中暑。
Her health was such that she wound not go out in the sun even in winter lest she get sun-stroke.
点击咨询 