第一篇：名师指导：谈谈大学英语写作心得
英文写作是大学生在英语考试中最薄弱的一环。很多同学花了大量的时间和精力，却很难在这一项上有所突破。比方说，天天用一个小时来练习浏览，一段时间以后，浏览的速度和正确度都会有比较明显的进步；然而，天天用一个小时来写作，可能每次写的作文质量不会有太大的差异。可以说，在写作上的练习是一项投入产出比较低的工作。事实上，写作也有一定的技能，这些技能不被人所留意，缘由在于：写作的技能很大程度上不能从分析考试题目本身来得出，需要通过对大量英文文章的学习和总结得来，即工夫在题外。笔者在英语写作中有几点心得。
一、要善于模仿
对大多数学习英语的同学来讲，英语的辞汇量、句式的积累还极其有限，远不能到达用英文流畅表达，挥洒自若的地步。在这一阶段进行创作是分歧时宜的，假如非要创造，只能写出long time no see这样的文字来。因此，模仿是这一阶段的必经途径。
谈到模仿，一些同学的办法就是背一堆范文，然后再到考场上进行一个剪切、粘贴的工作，效果可想而知。这不是真正意义上的模仿，充其量算是默写课文。如何模仿呢？
首先，模仿的目标要明确。模仿的重点永久要放在一定的句式结构上，而非个别的辞汇。道理很简单：一个词，随着文章内容的变换，可能就不能用了；而句式结构是放置四海而皆准的东西，适用的范围广，学来对写作的帮助也就明显。
其次，模仿的材料要隧道。像新概念英语这样的教材就提供了很多原汁原味的英语表达法。盲目选择文章学习，记一些不中不洋的句子，以谣传讹，浪费时间。
最后，模仿要体现在实际动笔上。比如说，新概念第三册有一个句式说：&for the *** reasonthat&表示某种现象的缘由是甚么，用在大学英语考试中，我们就可以够拿来解释为甚么自行车在中国如此的流行，表达为：The bicycleis very popular in China for the *** reasonthat&。然而，很多同学经常背了这些句式不用，一谈到缘由依然是&because&，等等。
二、要灵活变通
在批改英语作文的进程中，经常能发现一些将中文僵硬地翻译成英文的表达法。由于中英文之间的差异和辞汇量、表达法积累的不足，出现难于表达的情况是十分正常的。关键题目在于如何处理。有一句话叫做立志如山，行道如水，套用在这个题目上就很合适。写英文作文，一定要有决心把它写好，有信心把意思表达清楚，这是立志如山；但关键是碰到题目时要有个灵活的态度，能像流水一样变通解决题目。
有个翻译界的故事说：在某大型国际会议的接待会上，一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译：What is it madeof？本来是非常简单的一个题目，结果翻译太紧张，忘了egg这个词，但是他急中生智，回答：It is made of MissHens son.这里，就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达，是写作中应当经常应用的一种方法。
第二篇：名师指导BEC中高级写作
名师指导BEC中高级写作
商务英语证书（BUSINESS
ENGLISH
CERTIFICATE）是教育部考试中心和英国剑桥大学考试委员会合作，于1993年起举办的考试。它在很大程度上借用了雅思的一些出题思路。在接下来的文章中，我们从官方介绍中寻找该考试的目的，并讲解中高级写作的一般方式，以及通过官方提供的样文来分析BEC考试的作文评分方式。
首先，我们先解析中华人民共和国教育部考试中心对BEC考试的介绍。“该系列考试是一项语言水平考试，根据公务或商务工作的实际需要，对考生在一般工作环境下和商务活动中使用英语的能力从听、说、读、写四个方面进行全面考查，对成绩及格者提供由英国剑桥大学考试委员会颁发的标准统一的成绩证书。该证书由于其颁发机构的权威性，在英国、英联邦各国及欧洲大多数国家的商业企业部门 获得认可，成为确认证书持有者英语能力证明的首选证书，同时也是在所有举办该项考试的国家和地区求职的”通行证“。
商务英语证书考试（BEC）由中英双方合办。英国剑桥大学考试委员会负责命题，阅卷，颁发证书。中国教育部考试中心负责报名、印制试卷和组织考试。
BEC 中级写作45分钟、；BEC 高级 写作70分钟……考试答题卡由教育部考试中心海外考试处汇集后寄英国剑桥大学考试委员会评卷。评出成绩后BEC 中级分A、B、C、D、E五等；BEC 高级分A、B、C、D、E五等，），打印成绩通知单（包括不及格的D、E、Fail）和成绩证书，寄至教育部考试中心后寄发各考点向考生颁发。”
从这段文字中，我们可以看出，BEC考试不是考专业的商务知识，而是“一般中做环境下和商务活动中”的语言应用。所以，语言的本身功夫才是考核的重点。夯实语言基础在写作考试中起着决定性的作用。
第二，中级考试作文两个部分：小作文，memo，note，email，和message，一般是公司内部交流。大作文，correspondence，report，proposal。高级：小作文，图表。大作文中级相似。这里要指出的是，和国内四六级考试的作文评分方式有很多不同的地方。特别是不表类文章。BEC的考试文章对格式要求是比较严格的。
第三，作文总的做题方式。
1、提纲所示内容一定要以明确方式体现在文章当中。这是判断是否完成任务，是否偏题的依据。所以，提纲的内容改编成中心句体现在文章中这是必要的。
2、其次是逻辑，即英文的逻辑是建立在形式逻辑上的。文章中得出现上下承接的词汇。如，我们工作失误，向你道歉。应该改为：因为我的工作失误，所以向您道歉。
3、结构上应该是中心句＋1、2、3的模式。即，文章的第一段一定是中心段，作者的观点和文章的要旨得在第一段得以体现，之后是分支观点，每段的第一句是中心句，后面是支持这一中心的论据而已。
4、英文是定量语言。也就是说，不能仅仅依靠一个名人的话语就可以决定观点的正确，得有推论，得有例证。
5、要避免简单但严重的错误，如主谓一致、单复数问题、时态、简单词的拼写，和搭配。这些错误看似简单，但十分严重。在英国人的这套考试体系中，是要检测的是有着良好英文修养的人在一般商务情况下的语言英语。在我们看来很简单的错误，如，we are student.这仅仅是单复数问题，在考官看来却能证明考试缺乏基本的英文修养。所以，夯实基础是必要的。
6、用词上不一定要用大词汇，考官要的是variety。也就是用词的多样性。同一个意思的词在原文出现多次，那么要尽可能换为它的近义表达，或者改编词性出现，这是所有英文考试作文部分都要看的。
第四，下面我们用人民邮电出版社出的BEC真题集中的样文来进一步分析说明考官的关注点和评分点。这是市面上不多的，由剑桥大学考试委员会直接编写和评述的样文，仔细分析，更有利于发现问题。（例一：《剑桥BEC真题集 第3辑 高级》，剑桥大学考试委员会，人民邮电出版社，2006年9月第一版；例二：《剑桥BEC真题集 第3辑 中级》，剑桥大学考试委员会，人民邮电出版社，2006年9月第一版）
例一 Question
The Chief Executive of your company is concerned that staff morale seems to have deteriorated and has invited suggestions for making improvements.Write a proposal to the Chief Executive：
suggestion why morale is low
outlining the effects of low morale
proposing some ways of improving morale
indicating any disadvantages of your proposal.Sample A(4分)
Introduction： This proposal aims at showing why staff morale has deteriorated and suggests ways of improving the current situation.Findings： Apart from most superiors„ opinion that their subordinates are not happy with their job and have developed a low moral towards it due to unsatisfactory salaries and not enough fringe benefits，a survey among the workforce has shown that the real reasons for this problem are to be found elsewhere.Many of the employees mentioned their fixed working hours and yet constantly changing amounts of incoming orders，whichleads to boredom at work on some days and pure stress on others.But even more staff members have complaint about constant organizational changes without ever getting the information of what exactly will changed beforehand.The effects can be noticed in every department of the company.Superiors and department directors say that their subordinates are not willing to do any extra work and are absolutely not open for any changes.Recommendations： It is suggested that the first step towards a better work atmosphere be the introduction of flexi time.That way the employees can leave earlier when there isn‟t much work to do and stay longer when the amount of work rises.The problem of organizational changes should be tackled in three different ways.First of all superiors are to be encouraged to pass more information on to the workforce，secondly the employees should become more involved in the decision making process and at last there should be annual feed backs by the employees about their superiors.The downside of these actions is that they are quite time consuming and this of course leads to more costs but on the other hand there will be less fluctuation.文章结构清晰，语言自然。文章组织和前后链接好。尽管有少许语言错误，但应该是高分档次。具体来说，看结构，该文第一段就说明了proposal的目的，论证过程introduction-findings-recommendations。西方文化是讲求程序化的，也就是说这个引言――论证――结论是固定的结构，这样才能让考官清晰的看到作者的意图和布局。
Sample B(2 分)
The employe„s moral is at a very low level and get deteriorated over the last year.There are some reasons for that：
---First of all，the market is not growing which means that nobody is seeing how things could go better and nothing is moving forward.---There are more and more cost‟s controls and in an other hand，employees can see other departments spending money for “useless” furnitures.---Customers are requesting more and more and employes have the feeling they have to do more relationship，politic tan real technical work..Because of those，people are spending time by shouting around against customers，company and colleagues.They are criticizing others，sometimes to times they answer “badly” to customer and their job„s quality is falling down.The proposals to fight against these and to go back to the high quality with motivated employes are：
---Management should handle the political part out of the employe‟s hob.Employes have to stay focused on their core competency，the technical things.---By implementing web based training employes could spent their “shouting” time to train themselves from their desk to improve their knowledge and to make their job better.By this，company avoid any extra costs for accommodations，travel and time spend in training classes.These measure bring more workload on Management and more time spent with employes and customers.Web based training means less time spent on “real” work because of the tie needed to learn and assimil the course„ contents.该文用了足够词汇来回答问题，做到提纲要求的延伸。但语言错误明显，表述目的不明，结构混乱。以上画线部分是很明显的错误，还没包括一些搭配错误等。结构上，该文的中心放在了中间段落，目的不清晰，总结和推论混为一谈。
例二，Your department needs to recruit more staff.Your line manager wants you to write a report explaining your requirements and commenting on recruitment methods.Look at the information below，on which you have already made some handwritten notes.Then，using all your handwritten notes，write your report.Write 120-140 words.Sample1(5分)
Report on staff recruitment
As our company is developing several new products，the department of R&D needs new staff urgently to help design and monitor our products.Thus we need to recruit 35 new staff，including electrical engineers and product developers.All of them should have at least two years ‟ experience in relevant field.More specific requirements will finally be decided in a few days.As to recruitment methods，the disadvantage of relying on recruitment agency is that we need more time and procedure than we can afford.So I suggest we turn to a more direct way of Newspaper advertisement，which has been used many times and proved effective.Comparing the two newspaper，Echo and Chronicle，we prefer the former because though it charges ？500 more than the latter，the general readers are 400，000 more，most of whom are highly-educated.We are sure to get reply soon after we launch the recruitment campaign.该文观点清晰，提纲要求全部达到，通顺易懂，尽管有少量语言错误，但不影响它的清晰表达。
Sample2（2分）
Recruit Require new staff
I am sun Lee from production department.This report is provide to Human Resources department manger to explain our requirement and comment on recruitment method.Finding
In order to improve our company productivity，our department needs 10 higher skill worker.And because of last year，our department have 15 workers leave this company due to there personal reason so，now we need 35 staff.We need ten higher skill worker with high degree and others worker should be female.Recommedation We have 3 ways to recruitment.First is recruitment agency.We use this before.the expenditure is very expensive，and people that provided is not very suitable.Second is online recruitment.We never use this method before，so we can not say this is good or not.However，online recruitment，sometime the resources is unblieveable.Last one is newspaper advertisement.We used many times before，and we have two better newspaper，one is Echo，the other is Chronicle.The cost of advertisement on the newspaper is ￡25，00 and ￡2，000.Even the cost of advertisement on Echo is expensive is higher than Chronicle，the numbers sold on each day is more than Chronicle，is 600，000，the wide rage that the Echo covered is large.So，we decide use Newspaper advertisement，and name of newspaper is Echo.Thank you！
题目要求的要点基本谈及到，结构是不错的，文章中也使用了表示承接关系的连接词，但是不断的重复和过多的语言错误让读者难以理解文章。
从这两篇中级文章，我们可以看出，尽管第二篇结构似乎更清晰，但语言上的错误仍然让考官难以容忍。
从上面的官方例文我们可以看出，1、ＢＥＣ写作考试对商务知识考得不是很多，大多只需涉及基本的一些观念就行了；２、提纲所示必须以明确方式体现在文章中；３、语言的基本功底很重要，越是高级考试，越难以容忍简单的基础性语言错误；４、每种文体的结构是有限制的，一定得按照相应的商务文章的结构去谋篇布局，也就是，“八股文”的形式是不应该有大的改变的。
综上所述，BEC写作的考点很明确：规定的商务英语文章的格式，中心＋1、2、3的表述方式是清晰表达的必然要求（中心即提纲要求，1、2、3是指表达逻辑关系的连接词），无错的英文表达是合格和优秀的基础。
来源: http://www.xiexiebang.com/
第三篇：大学英语写作
常用写作句型
1现象解释型
模板一
⑴According to the chart/graph/ table/ picture, it is clear that 图表/画内容总概括.⑵The chart/graph/ table/picture shows.⑶Many reasons contribute to 现象概括.⑷To begin with, 原因一.⑸进一步阐述原因一.⑹Moreover, 原因二.⑺In addition, 原因三.⑻As a result, 段落总结句.⑼As to me, I think 我的观点/态度/建议.⑽ First of all, 理由一.⑾ Besides, 理由二.⑿To conclude, 模板二
Topic
⑴From the chart/graph/ table/picture, we learn that nowadays, 总述社会现象/事实现象, which has aroused the great /common concern.⑵what impresses me most is.⑶That are many reasons accounting for.⑷First of all,原因一.⑸进一步阐述原因一.⑹ What is more, 原因二.⑺ For example, 举例说明原因二.⑻ In addition, 原因三.⑼As far as I am concerned, 我的观点.⑽For one thing/On one hand 理由一.⑾ For another/ On the other hand,.⑿Thus/In brief/Taking above mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that….常用句型
⑴As is described in the chart/graph/table/picture, in the past few decades, there have arisen sharp increase in…如图中所示，在过去的几十年中，……急剧增长。
⑵The chart/graph/table/picture describes that the figure declines/falls smoothly/markedly, it indicates that…
图表显示数字下降平缓/明显，这表明……
⑶In the chart/graph/table/picture, we can seen that there was a slight/ marked fluctuation.It reveals that…
在图表中，我们可以看到有细微/很明显的波动，这表明…
⑷Recently, the problems of …has become the focus of the public concern.近来，…问题引起公众极大的关注。
⑸There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/ are responsible for/ explain… …可能是好几个因素造成的结果。
⑹There may be several possible reasons for which will be demonstrated below.可能有几个原因导致了我们下面所要阐述的问题。
⑺It’s no easy /simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factors.要解释该现象产生的原因并不容易，因为其中涉及到很多复杂的因素。
⑻ Among all the important/convincing reasons for…,one should be emphasized… 在所有重要/有力的原因中，我们应当重点关注…
2问题解决型
模板一
Topic
⑴It is well-known that 相关背景, but nowadays 总述不良现象或问题.⑵现象具体表现一.⑶现象的具体表现二.⑷It should be paid attention to that 该现象 is causing great harm/该现象 is caused for many reasons.⑸On one hand, ⑹On the other hand,.⑺Therefore, it is high time that ⑻First of all, 解决方法一.⑼进一步阐述方法一.⑽Secondly/In addition, 解决方法二.⑾Thirdly/Besides/Morever.解决方法三.⑿Only in this way can we解决问题.模板二
Topic
⑴There has been a discussion recently about 事实现象.⑵ It is obvious that 危害一/作用一.⑶ Additionally, 危害二/作用二.⑷So how to 解决问题is worth paying attention to.⑸On one hand/ Firstly, 解决方法一.⑹进一步阐述方法二⑺On the other hand/Secondly,解决方法二.⑻For example,支持该方法的例子.⑼In addition/ Thirdly, 解决方法三.⑽In fact, more than three ways can be adopted.⑾As for me, 我的思考或看法.⑿All in all, 总结全文.常用句型
⑴It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.⑵There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to…
⑶There is no immediate solution to the problem of…,but …might be helpful/ but the general awareness of the necessity of…might be the first step.⑷In order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great efforts to… ⑸To conclude, we can see the best way is…
⑹Following these methods may not guarantee the success in solution to…, but the payoff will be worth the effort.3对比选择型
模板一
Topic
⑴Different people have different views on看法/问题.⑵Somme prefer 一种看法观点.⑶Others tend to.⑷As for me, I agree to the first/ second opinion.⑸Of course, 我不赞同的观点的合理性.⑹For example, 支持其合理性的例子.⑺But 我不赞同的观点的不足.⑻The following reason can account for your preference.⑼The main reason is that 支持观点的理由一.⑽ A good example to illustrate is that 支持理由一的例子.⑾In addition/ What’s more,支持观点的理由二.⑿For the foregoing, 重申观点.模板二
Topic
⑴When it comes to事物/问题, different people will offer different opinions.⑵Some people take it for granted that 观点一.⑶In their opinion, 观点一的理由一.⑷Besides, 观点一的理由二.⑸However, others hold that观点二.⑹They maintain that 观点二的理由一.⑺And 观点二的理由二.⑻Weighing up these two arguments, I am for 观点一/观点二.⑼ On one hand, 理由一.⑽ On the other hand, ⑾ For instance, 举例说明理由二.⑿ Therefore, as stated above, 常用句式
⑴ There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of …Some argue that …,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue.⑵ In response to the problem, some people believe…,in their minds,…Other maintain that…, in their eyes,…
⑶ Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion.⑷ In conclusion, it is clear that
4观点论证型
模板一
⑴ It is true that 普遍的观点.⑵ However, 不同的观点/现象.⑶ I think,我的观点.⑷ 理由或其他论据 can be listed as follows.⑸ Firstly，论据一.⑹ Secondly, 论据二.⑺ For example, 支持论据二的事例.⑻ Thirdly, 论据
三.⑼ A case in point is 支持论据三的事例.⑽ There is no doubt that 重申观点.⑾ Therefore, 与该观点相符的做法.⑿ In a word, 总结全文.模板二
Topic
⑴ Many people believe that 社会现象/事实.⑵The truth is deep and profound.⑶ As we all know,具体表现一.⑷ In addition, 具体表现二.⑸ There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑹ A case in point is 阐述第一个例子⑺ For another example, 引出并说明第二个例子.⑻ Moreover, 阐述第三个例子.⑼All mentioned above that tells us that重申观点.⑽ But(One thing we have to notice is that)提出个人建议.⑾ In short,总结全文.常用句式
⑴ It is well known that …plays an important part in…
⑵ It is believed that …
⑶ There are many reasons explaining …
⑷ From what has been mentioned above, we may safely come to the conclusion that …
5应用文
⑴建议信模板
Date
Dear ___________,⑴ I am delighted to learn that _________.⑵ It____________.⑶ In my opinion, ________.⑷ On one hand,_________.⑸ On the other hand,_________.⑹ As to ________, I suggest ___________.⑺ If__________.⑻ It is unnecessary for you to _____________.⑼ In addition, ________________.⑽ I am sure _______________.⑾ Please inform me _________________.⑿ I amlooking forward to __________.Sincerely yours,Signature
常用句式
⑴ I would like to suggest that …/ I am writing with my suggestion that…
⑵ You have asked me for my advice with regard to …and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.⑶ If I were you, I would…
⑷ As you may agree that...⑸ I hope you will find these suggestions helpful/ practical/ useful.⑹ I hope you will take my suggestions into consideration.⑺ I would be happy to see improvements in this regard.⑻ I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.⑵倡议书模板
Date
Dear________,⑴ I am writing this letter to call on ____________to ____________.⑵ As some of you may know,___________.⑶ In fact,___________.⑷It is necessary for us to___________.⑸ On one hand,__________.⑹ On the other hand, ______________.⑺ However,___________________.⑻So it is high
time_____________________.⑼ Firstly, ________________.⑽Secondly, _______________.⑾ If you are willing to ____________, please ______________.⑿ Join us in the action and extend ________into a spirit that dares any possible difficulties.Thank you.⑶求职信模板
Date
Dear_______,⑴ I am applying for the position of _________advertised in _________.⑵ I major in
_____.⑶ My training in ________definitely meet your qualifications.⑷ My complete resume is attached.⑸ I will graduate on____________ from_________.⑹ In addition to the required courses of this program, I have_________.⑺ I also have some experience in ___________.⑻ I believe my training and experience _________________.⑼ You will find me to be ________________⑽ I hope that you will consider me for your position.⑾ May I have a personal interview at your convenience? ⑿ I can be reached by telephone __________.Sincerely yours,Signature
常用句式
⑴ I am writing to apply for the post of …advertised in …
⑵ In reply to your advertisement in…, I beg to apply for the post …in your company.⑶ I feel I have the qualifications and experiences needed for the position of …
⑷ I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonials as you request.⑸ I hope I may be granted an interview when I can explain my qualification more fully.⑹ It seems that my experience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of…in your firm.
第四篇：大学英语写作模版
（1）模版一There is no consensus among the people as to the view of(主题).Some people hold the idea that(观点A).A case in point is that(支持观点A的例子).On the other hand, others may have a quite different view.According to them,(观点B).The most typical example is that(支持观点B的例子).Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter.Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some
extent, but the latter is more convincing.2）模版二(主题)is a common occurrence in our lives.The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person.Some people tend to ______when they are asked(观点A)because(支持观点A的原因).The most typical example is that(支持观点A的例子).However, others argue that(观点B).They point out that(重申观点B)for the reason that(支持观点B的原因).As far as I am concerned, I will choose to(你的观点)because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.2）My View 型（1）模版一 When asked about(主题), some people hold the idea that 观点A).As far as they are concerned,(展开观点A).But I could not agree with them in several points.In my opinion,(观点B).The reasons for my choice are listed as follows.In the first place,(支持观点B的理由1).In the second place,(支持观点B的理由2).In the third place,(支持观点B的理由3).For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe(重申观点B).（2）模版二 Some people believe that(观点A).For instance, they hold the idea that(支持观点A的例子).And it may bring them（A带给他们的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,(我不同意的理由1).For another,(我不同意的理由2).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, I agree to the thought that(重申自己的观点).3）利弊型（1）模版一Nowadays many people prefer(主题)because it plays a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.On the one hand,(主题的优点1).On the other hand,(主题的优点2).But everything can be divided into two.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that(主题的缺点1).To make matters
worse,（主题的缺点2).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects.Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain,(主题)itself is
neither good nor bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.（2）模版二With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon of(主题现象)is an example of the former / latter one.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects.To start with,(原因1).Furthermore,(原因2).Eventually,(原因3).Good as(主题现象)is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages.The apparent example is that(缺点例子1).In addition,(缺点例子2).On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society.There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate(主题现象)and make our life more comfortable.图表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一个原因).More
importantly, …(第二个原因).Most important of all, …(第三个原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for
quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).提纲式作文 1.对立观点式 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing（X）.They point out the fact that 支持（X）的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持（X）的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do（X）.They firmly point out that 反对（X）的第一个理由。An eample can give the details of this argument:
There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of（X）overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about,（X）also may（X）的有一个坏处。
2.批驳观点式Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个
例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观
点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3.社会问题(现象)式 Nowadays, there exists an increasinglyserious social/economic/ environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common
concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..辩论式议论文模版
模版1Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1.More importantly, 论据2.Most important of all, 论据3.In summary, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测.模版2People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the
former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 论据1.For another, 论据2.Last but not the least, 论据3.To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.模版3There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 论据1。Furthermore, 论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.(I)说明原因型模块
Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX
It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon
(6).With reference to my standpoint, I think(7).注释: 1:XX的第一个优点 2:支持XX的做法 3:不支持XX的做法
4:XX的第二个优点 5:举例证明优点二 6:说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文:The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your
enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that
(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).(I)说明原因型模块(2)
In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all,(3).Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind
people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has
caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all,(with so many programs to choose from,children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what
programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合].It is estimated that [相关数据].Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [原因一].Besides, [原因二].The third one is [原因三].To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [解决办法一].On the other hand, [解决办法二].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象].为便于读者理解，我特意用这个模板，写了一篇关于ghost writer(捉刀代笔的枪手)的示范性小作文，请您观摩一下。
Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 枪手] in [China's examinations / 中国的考场].It is estimated that [5％ examinees are ghost writers / 5％的应试者是枪手].Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 枪手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [hirers' ignorance / 雇主无知].Besides,[hirers' indolence / 雇主懒惰].The third one is [hirers' obtusity / 雇主迟钝].To sum up, the main cause of [ghost writers / 枪手] is due to [hirers' low IQ / 雇主智商低].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打].On the other hand, [decapitation / 斩首].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [ghost writers / 枪手].（I）说明原因型
模块
（一）Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that(1).Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(2).Besides,(3).The third reason is(4).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to(5).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing ,(6).On the other hand ,(7).All these measures will certainly reduce the
number of XX.Generation gap between parents and children
Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and
children which is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that(75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children
usually think their parents too old fashioned).Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?
Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(the two generations,having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them).Besides(due to having little in common to
talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face).The third reason is(with the
pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas).To sum
up ,the main cause of XX is due to(lake of communication and understanding each other).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing(children should respect their parents).On the other hand ,(parents also should show solicitue for
their children).All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.（I）说明原因型 模块（2）In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all ,(3).Then , there comes a case that(4).Moreover ,(5).Especiallywhen(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remindpeople that(7).In this way ,we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television
In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels.It has
caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all ,(with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much
exercise as they should).Then , there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their
ability to achieve in school).Moreover ,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV
viewing).In this way ,children will not be influented too deeply.（I）说明原因型 模块（3）
Currently,XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX.It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result , your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your
plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon
(6).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(7).注释：： XX的第一个优点 2： 支持XX的做法 3：不支持XX的做法 4：XX的第二个优点
5：举例证明优点二6：说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文：
The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuablethan self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power
to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome
difficulties), as a result , your dreams willcome true.On the contrary,if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that
you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。
It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light
when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect
that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in preserverence and
self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound
influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(he that can have
self-confidence can have what he will).综合运用篇
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)
As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....随着社会的发展，人们开始关注.....As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。
展现问题篇
Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近来，是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。
At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人认为_______而另一些人则认为_______。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。
People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。
People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked..., some people think.....while some prefer...说到___，有人认为____，而另一些人则认为___。
There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of..There who criticize...argue that..., they believe that...,but people who favor.., on the other hand, argue that...目前，___问题争议较大。批判_______的人认为___，他们认为____，不过，另一方面，赞同__的人则认为___。
1、常用与开头的短语、句式
（1）with the（rapidly）growing popularity of（computers/private cars）in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。
（3）With the development of（science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …
（4）Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over(illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).（5）Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China.some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…
（6）There are some reasons for owning(private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it, First,…Second,…Finally,…
（7）There are many advantages and disadvantages in(owning a car).（8）There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
（9）Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…
（10）The possible solutions of(the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors…
（11）The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products)are…
2．常用于结尾的短语、句式
（1）It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to。。
（2）To conclude，we can see that（the best way/the possible solution）is。。
（3）In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。
（4）In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to。。
（5）In a word，there are three suggestions we must follow，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。
（6）It is time for us to take an active part in。。
（7）Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）
1．表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．
2．表示好处1）It has the following advantages．2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
例： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmfulto us．
例： However，everything dividesinto two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-sion．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life．
例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5．表示措施1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6．表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．
例： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
第五篇：大学英语写作
1.对立观点式
A．有人认为#是好事，赞成#，为什么？
B．有人认为# 是坏事，反对#，为什么？
C．我的看法。
模板:
With the development of our society, # has increasingly become a common concern of the public.(可再加一句情况说明)
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing #.They point out the fact that 支持# 的第一个原因.They also argue that 支持# 的另一个原因.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do #.They firmly point out that 反对# 的第一个理由.What’s more, 反对# 的第二个理由.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of#/doing # 的好处overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(结尾一段也可选用这种方式:
Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of #/doing # 的好处, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)
Colleges Have Opened Their Doors Wider With the development of our society, the fact that colleges have opened their doors wider has increasingly become a common concern of the public.Some people are in favor of the idea of opening the colleges’ doors wider.They point out the fact that it allows more students to pursue higher education.They also argue that it will provide more talents for our society.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to open the colleges’ doors wider.They firmly point out that it will be much harder for the graduates to find a job.What’s more, it will lead to a social problem.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of
opening the colleges’ doors wider overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(141 words)(结尾一段也可选用这种方式: Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of opening the colleges’ doors wider, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)(141 words)
2.社会问题(现象)式
A．一个社会问题或者现象
B．产生的原因
C．我的看法。
Work in the Countryside(positive)
1.许多大学毕业生自愿到农村工作
2.出现这种现象的原因
3.我的看法
Work in the Countryside With more and more university graduates in our society, how to find a good job has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that many university graduates would like to work in the countryside.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that with more and more university students graduating each year, the job market competition becomes more and more fierce, and many graduates cannot find jobs in the cities.Secondly, most villages that are trying to employ university graduates have developed well.It makes mot much difference whether to work in the countryside or in the city.Last but not least, some university graduates who come from the
countryside are eager to go back home to contribute to the construction of their hometown.Based on the above reasons, I think university graduates should go to work where they are needed most and where they can make full use of their talents.Working in the countryside can be truly an advisable(明智的)choice.(170 words)Misleading News(negative)
1.当今社会虚假新闻越来越多
2.分析出现这种现象的原因
3.呼吁社会改变这种不智之举
With the development of our society, misleading news has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that there are more and more misleading news in our society.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that there are more and more modern communication tools in the world, misleading news can easily spread.Secondly, some journalists would like to draw public attention and increase the sales by publishing misleading news.Last but not least, the public would like to share some interesting news which may be misleading.Based on the above discussions, I think we should take action to prevent misleading news.Think twice before we speak can be truly an advisable choice.(124 words)
3.应用文
写信:感谢信, 投诉信，道歉信,邀请信,申请(贷款、入学、求职)，请求别人帮忙（写推荐信，搜查资料)
Dear Sir or Madam,(不知是谁的情况下，如果有要求写给谁要写上具体的名称)
I am a student/customer who….I am writing to thank you for/complain about/apologize for/invite you to do/apply for/ask for your help to do sth.描述过程或原因.When I …, I was really thankful/upset/sorry /honored/interested/upset.I sincerely hope that ….If you can…, I will be really….I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily
A Letter to Apply for a Student Loan
1.介绍你的个人情况
2.申请助学贷款的原因、数额及用途
3.如何保证专款专用以及你的还款
Dear Sir or Madam,I am a sophomore in Peking University who majors in Engineering.I am writing to apply for a student loan of 2,000 yuan.It is hard for me to make the application, but I have to.Last year both my parents were laid off, and what’s worse, three weeks ago my mother was discovered to have caught a serious disease.Therefore, I could not get support for my study form my family any more.When I knew that I have the opportunity to apply for the student loan, I was really happy and excited.So I immediately write this letter to you to ask for your help.I sincerely hope that I can get the loan.I promise that all the money will go to my tuition and fees for the next year, and I will repay it within four years, that is, one year after my graduation.If you can grant my application, I will be really grateful.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily
(166 words)
4.图表作文模板
图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。图表的类型主要有：圆形（饼型）图（pie chart）、柱形图(直型图)（graph）、曲线图（chart）和数据统计表(表格)（table）。① 描述图表 ②分三方面解释原因 ③下结论
1)As can be seen from the in______.During the period from _______to _______, ________rose from ________to _______, while _______ decreased from _______ to _______.2)We believe that there are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To begin with,____.Secondly, ____.Last but not least, _____.3)In conclusion, ______.We can imagine that _____.范文： Health Gains in Developing Countries
1．以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(1ife expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况
2．说明引起变化的各种原因
1960 1990
Health Gains in Developing Countries
life expectancy of developing 40 years nearly 60 years, infant
develops quickly in developing countries during this period, and living quality improves the development of national health care systems.When they become richer and richer, they care more about personal health conditions.medical sciences also develop at a fantastic speed, and it is much safer for mothers to give birth.the situations in developing countries are changing for the better.(169 words)
注:还须注意今年的热点问题,如:就业(有关词汇如: graduate, apply for, applicant, candidate等);经济问题(有关词汇如: the financial
crisis/tsunami等);或城市交通问题等.
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