第一篇:高三复习教案
追梦文学路,我手写我心
——2014年浙江卷现代文阅读《走眼》作者王伟锋访谈 2014.8.14《语文周报》(浙江版)(高三年级)第1版 编辑:吉人 【人物名片】
王伟锋,男,1976年2月出生,河南禹州人,现就职于河南省鄢陵县第三高级中学,教书之余喜欢读书与写作。擅长小小说、散文、诗歌以及教育随笔等文体的写作,作品散见于各类报刊,如《中国教育报》、《北京青年报》、《北京文学》、《辽河》、《天池·小小说》、《小小说大世界》、《小小说选刊》、《微型小说选刊》等。1998年开始写作以来,发表各类文学作品近200篇,计50余万字,获各类征文奖项若干,系河南省许昌市作家协会会员。
一、《走眼》的灵感来自于成语“买椟还珠”
葛劲松:2014年的浙江卷高考现代文阅读选用了您的小小说《走眼》,能谈谈您怎么想到创作这篇小小说的吗?
王伟锋:感谢《语文周报》,很高兴能够就写作这一话题和大家进行交流,我和浙江是有缘分的,2000年我曾经在浙江的温岭市生活过将近一年的时间,至今怀念那里的山山水水。
写作首先需要灵感,尤其是小小说,要抓住脑海里瞬间一闪而过的灵感,把它记录下来,然后巧妙构思成文,经过不断修改提炼,最后定稿。《走眼》的创作灵感里面有成语“买椟还珠”的影子。刚开始,我手头有一个古玩方面的小说素材,但一直苦于思考怎么编织故事而没有下笔,后来忽然想到“买椟还珠”的成语,顿觉眼前一亮,咱们国家的文化博大精深,何不借鉴一下呢?当然,还需要仔细加以琢磨,尽量把故事编织得天衣无缝,而且主题要考虑好,算是主题先行吧,于是就有了这篇《走眼》。
这篇小说最初发表在2013年第1期的《天池·小小说》杂志上,2013年第13期《格言》、2013年9月上《小小说月刊》等杂志先后转载,并入选花城出版社《2013中国小小说年选》。
葛劲松:您的小说里写到了钧瓷,能简要说说吗?
王伟锋:我是土生土长的“钧都”禹州人,大学毕业后应聘到“花都”鄢陵教书,两地相距不过一百多里,都属于河南省的许昌市。钧瓷发端于东汉,始于唐、兴于宋,是宋代五大名窑瓷器之一,被称为国宝、瑰宝。钧瓷以独特的窑变艺术而著称于世,素有“黄金有价钧无价”和“家有万贯,不如钧瓷一件”的美誉。小说里写到的钧瓷,是我的老家河南禹州的骄傲,我也想通过小说让更多的人了解钧瓷这一国宝,也算是为宣传家乡做了点贡献吧。
葛劲松:在您看来,《走眼》中的赵老板是一个怎样的人?
王伟锋:赵老板是一个外圆内方的人。首先,他是生意人,有着生意人的精明,同时他的文物鉴赏水平很高,属于专家级的人物,在圈内很有名气,但他又不是一般的生意人,他心智高,而且在为人处事上,有自己的操守和底线。比如,对待李老板的蓄意辱弄,他沉着应对,说明他属于智慧型的生意人,让李老板输得心服口服,李老板自感没法在老街上混了,于是撤店走人。现在的社会,做生意的人,尤其是古玩圈子里,能够像赵老板这样坚守底线的人不多了,社会浮躁,人心不古。
葛劲松:能说说您在创作这篇小说时,想要表达一个怎样的的主题好吗? 王伟锋:正如前面所述,赵老板与人为善,却惹祸上身,但他沉着应对,挡住了别人射来的冷箭,而且得饶人处且饶人;李老板贪图一己之私,蓄意想要害人,不想却害了自己,两相对比,相信读者都很聪明,能够领悟到《走眼》想要表达的主题。当时想过用《赝品》作为标题,后来用了《走眼》,因为“走眼”既有对物的看走眼,也可以是对人看走眼,有双关之意吧。
《小小说选刊》主编杨晓敏说过,小说不宜直白,应该是留白的艺术,要留有余地,让读者自己慢慢品味和解读,读者自己能从小说中悟出点儿什么,最好。小说写出来,发表了,作者的任务就完成了,剩下的,需要读者在思考和品位中对小说进行二次创作,由于读者的知识结构、所处环境、个人经历等方面存在差异,也会看法不一,或许会品味出作者当初完全没有想到的层面上去,所谓仁者见仁,智者见智吧。
二、我手写我心,追梦永无悔
葛劲松:让我惊讶的是,您是一位职业高中的电子技术专业课教师,您的文学作品却入选浙江高考语文试题,有一种怎样的感受?
王伟锋:确实感到很意外,这对我的鼓励很大,感谢浙江的命题老师给我的这份荣誉。小说能够作为高考试题,并不在于它就至臻完美,只能说明它切合命题老师的思路,较容易实现命题意图,便于设置题目,如此而已。葛劲松:您的文学梦是怎样一步步成为现实的?
王伟锋:梦想这个词语很大,我也经常这样问自己,梦想是什么?然后苦苦思索,挖空心思想给自己找出一个标准答案。我想,梦想应该是一粒种子,它只要埋藏进现实的富饶或者贫瘠的土地,哪怕经受酷热严寒的磨炼、冰冻霜雪的考验,依然会倔强地微笑着,在风雨的洗礼中生根发芽,然后以顽强的姿态不断向上生长,直到根深叶茂、开花结果。
梦想是一粒种子,是种子就得发芽。我的梦想就是这样一粒种子,一粒文学的种子。对于文学,我经历了一个暗恋、初恋和热恋的过程。我觉得仅仅只是说喜爱文学还远远不够,应该说,是文学让我的生命丰盈了起来,像是暗夜的海里一盏不灭的航标灯,文学给我指明了人生的方向,给与我人生的梦想和希望。文学是我的精神家园与灵魂栖息地,是我生命的支点。葛劲松:能讲讲您的文学经历吗?
王伟锋:这恐怕要追溯到20多年前吧。我生长在一个贫寒的山区农家,父母虽然文化程度不高,但对我的读书学习一直给予不遗余力的支持。刚开始是连环画、故事书,武松打虎,杨家将,三国演义等,喜闻乐见的故事形式,带给了我最初的文学启蒙。初中一年级,在语文老师王彩霞的启发下,我开始写日记。王老师还借给我一些语文书籍,鼓励我放开眼界,大胆投稿。
1992年,我考上了禹州市第三高级中学,很感激语文老师朱国甫和董国超老师,他们的语文素养和教学水平都很高,令我受益匪浅。高中学习紧张,尽管如此,我还是阅读了一些优秀的文学作品,最喜欢的是路遥的《人生》和《平凡的世界》,对我以后的写作影响较大。读到《人生》里高加林提出和刘巧珍分手,刘巧珍万分痛苦地离去的那一刻,当时就想找高加林打一架,使劲儿揍他一顿。可见,文学的力量是多么强大,明知道小说是虚构的,偏偏就是当了真。大学期间,我加入了郑州轻工业学院的驼铃文学社,并在校报上发表了几篇小随笔和小小说。我最喜欢小小说,并为这种短小精悍、言简义丰的文体形式所着迷。那时候,《小小说选刊》和《微型小说选刊》,我几乎每期必买。先是集中时间阅读,然后再从语言、故事、构思、立意等多方面,每期选出最喜欢的五篇小小说,认真分析、反复研究、仔细品味,从中学习和总结小小说创作的一般性规律、特殊技巧和写作手法。
开始尝试着比猫画虎地写,接二连三地收到退稿信,后来慢慢上了路。我发表的第一篇小小说,是《天池·小小说》杂志上的《烟花》。有人说,小说在一定程度是作者的个人经验史,此话不虚,因为《烟花》写的就是我的生活感悟,这也启发我要多关注生活,贴近生活,我手写我心,情感越真实越容易写,这样作品才会有烟火味儿,接地气。
葛劲松:与文学结缘,文学会是你一生的梦想吗?
王伟锋:我想会的,活到老写到老吧。写作之路上苦辣酸甜,感慨良多。
举个例子,2012年的一天,我偶然在当地报纸上看到一则短文,介绍清末民初一位极富传奇色彩的人物。直觉告诉我,利用好这个素材,构思一个曲折动人的故事,写成小小说,肯定精彩。近三个月的构思与打磨之后,我创作了小小说《凤凰夺窝》。谁料,稿件投出去的当天,杂志就退了稿,我感觉心里一下子空落落的。
当晚,我把小说发给洛阳的文友王玉红,她看后连连说精彩,鼓励我转投别的刊物,毕竟每家刊物都有自己的用稿风格。于是我就转投给了《小说月刊》,小说很快发表出来,被《小小说选刊》、《经典阅读》等杂志转载,并入选《2012中国微型小说年选》和《2012年中国小小说精选》。
人近中年,发表的作品屈指可数,文学之路上,我只是众多追梦人中的普通一员,但与文学结缘,我无怨无悔。文学将会是我一生的梦想,生命不息,追梦不止吧。
葛劲松:请您结合自己的创作体会,对中学生谈谈写作方面的建议好吗? 王伟锋:要想写好文章,我觉得没有捷径可走,关键是要多读多写。读书方面,尽量选择经典文学作品来阅读,不妨写写读书笔记,养成边读书边思考的习惯,不要贪多求快,而要求精求实。写作方面,要坚持写日记,多观察生活中的人和事,多积累写作的素材和灵感,写文章时才能做到厚积薄发。
常有同学说,自己写不出来,感觉没什么可写。其实,生活之水浩瀚无边,只要你愿意写,深入去挖掘生活,始终保持对生活的高度兴趣与无限热爱,素材之河就永远不会枯竭。借用一句摄影界的名言打个比喻,好的照片,不在于照相机镜头的区别,重要的是镜头背后的那双眼睛
11.赵老板在鉴定钧瓷时,小说先用“淡淡”,后用“朗声”,来描写他的神态,反映了人物怎样的心理?(3分)
参考答案:(1)自信、沉稳、果断。(2)强调、不容置疑。(3)对隔壁店主的疑惑微露不悦。解析:人物心理,需要还原上下文人物的语言情景去仔细揣摩分析。赵老板“反复把玩”后“淡淡”说了“能收”两个字,表现了他的自信,简短的话语也表现了他的果断沉稳。而在他确认之后隔壁老板提出了疑惑,这自然会使他有些许不悦,后面的“朗声”也体现了这一情绪,同时不加解释,只是又说了一遍“能收”,反复产生强调效果,表现了他不容置疑的态度。
12.“买玉”的情节中,作者使用了“欧亨利笔法”,试做简要分析(4分)
参考答案:(1)以为赵老板会走眼,结果是李老板走了眼;以为价值在玉,其实价值在盒,造成出人意料的艺术效果。(2)赵老板在钧瓷鉴定中表现出来的眼光,以及在收玉盒端详良久的细节,这些铺垫使结局合乎情理。解析:.情节赏析题。首先需要明确欧亨利笔法的主要特点就是 “意料之外又在情理之中”,意料之外多为悬念设置,情理之中指向伏笔呼应,结合文章内容加以赏析即可。13.小说结尾处,李老板为什么会悄悄摘牌走人?(3分)
参考答案:(1)自感技不如人。(2)自觉羞愧。(3)不守行业规矩,终究难以立足。
解析:分析概括题。同样需要我们通过小说故事情节和人物活动去分析。(1)(2)两点是从人物的心理角度说,第三点则深入一层揭示出实质。14.这篇小说为什么要用“走眼”做题目?(5分)
参考答案:(1)“走眼”是贯穿全文的线索。(2)“走眼”是全文的主要事件。(3)“走眼”在文中具有正话反说的效果,较好地突出了主题。
解析:题目作用分析探究,当从结构形式内容几个方面作答,按照“线索+内容概括+手法效果(深化了文章主旨等)”答题基本套路,一般能答到点子上。15.结合赵老板这一人物形象分析作品主旨。(5分)
参考答案:小说塑造了一个阅历丰富,洞悉人心,为人仗义,精通业务的商人形象,揭示了经商与做人一样,都应该诚信、宽厚、与人为善的主旨。
解析:人物形象赏析和主旨概括。本篇小说人物形象并不复杂,小说开篇即已点出赵老板的经验丰富,业务娴熟。接着主要是通过两次鉴赏古玩的事件刻划人物的形象。不仅印证了“内行,眼力好”,而派伙计观察卖玉的人看出他善于洞悉人心,不拆穿李老板行为说明他为人厚道善良。小说主旨则以小见大,由个人上升到社会。第三部分 古诗文阅读
第二篇:高三英语复习教案
高三英语复习:阅读理解解题技巧
主讲人 张贤琴
湖北高考考试说明里阅读理解的要求:(1)理解文章主旨要义(2)理解文中具体信息
(3)根据上下文推断生词的词义(4)作出简单判断和推测(5)理解文章的基本结构
(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度
任何一篇文章都有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落,甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义。从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么(即文章的主题),也会了解作者希望读者了解主题哪些方面的内容。有时则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,它对考生的归纳、概括能力(如确定文章的标题)有一定的要求。
高考阅读理解“主旨要义题”通常是考查考生选择恰当的标题、概括中心思想和段落大意的能力.主旨要义题要求考生具有很强的话语篇章把握能力和分析能力,能够从全局的角度对文章括以总领,梳清脉络。可以说,对阅读理解主旨题的把握能力决定了阅读这个整体题项的成败,它也是衡量阅读水平高低的一个重要标尺。所以,如果我们在这个题上能够取得突破,就等于是攻克了阅读当中最顽固的堡垒,其它类型的题也就不在话下了。所谓主旨大意题指针对段落或短文的subject(主题)、main idea(主题思想)、title(题目)或purpose(目的)拟题。尽管题型或用词不尽相同,但所针对的都是段落(或短文)的主旨大意。以下是针对段落(或短文)的主旨大意所设立的常见题型: 1.What is the main idea of this paragraph(passage)? 2.What is the author′s main point?
3.The main idea(central thought)of the paragraph(passage)is_____.4.Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea? 5.What does the paragraph(passage)mainly suggest? 6.The main point of the paragraph(passage)is____.7.The paragraph(passage)centers on the point that__.8.The author seems to be especially interested in___.9.The topic sentence of the paragraph(passage)? 10.What topic is treated in this paragraph(passage)? 11.What the paragaph(passage)tells us would be summarized by the sentence? 12.The best summary of the paragraph(passage)is that 13.The paragraph(passage)informs us that---14.We can infer from the paragraph(passage)that----15.What does this paragraph(passage)imply? 16.What is the subject of this paragraph(passage)? 17.Which of the following can be concluded from the information presented in this paragraph(passage)? 18.What conclusion can be drawn from this paragraph ? 19.The(main)subject of the paragraph(passage)is____? 20.Which of the following best states the theme of paragraph(passage)? 主旨大意题解题方法与步骤:
略读法(skimming)是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法,略读的关键是能抓住文章要点的前提下,以个人最快的速度阅读,主要目的是尽快获得足够的信息以便准确的回答问题,利用略读法去做阅读时,要特别注意首尾两段,要学会寻找文章段落的主题句,这是高效省事地抓住段落要点的捷径,同时也是准确理解文章大意的有效途径。在做题时要注意以下步骤:
1.先看问题,看是否有和主旨相关的题目,了解题目类别和提问方式。
2.再看文章首尾和各段开头,找出主题句或通过浏览全文,抓住关键字眼,把握主旨。3.以掌握主旨为前提,处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。
在一篇文章中,细节的描写一般有五种类型,事实性细节,描写性细节,说明性细节,比较活对比性细节以及说理性细节.1事实性细节 这类细节描写指作者在叙述某事时使用的事实或数据
2描写性细节 这类细节描写通常是用来表达某种情绪与感情或某种印象,叙述亲眼目睹的一些事情等
说明性细节 这类细节描写在作者以解说或介绍的方式来说明事物或告诉人们如何做事,这类细节条理清楚,过度自然,因此在这类细节描写中常出现一些过渡词,如: first, second ,finally, also ,for example ,for instance ,otherwise ,moreover ,therefore ,on the contrary ,on the other hand ,then ,now 等。4.比较或对比性细节 对比是指出同类事物的不同之处,或者是对两种不同的观点的对比;而比较则是把两种或多种事物相比较指出其相同的地方。如:2006天津高考E篇 5 说理性细节 为了使主题思想为读者所接受,往往需要陈述理由。解答此类题时,考生需要先抓住问题中的关键词,然后迅速回到原文中找到这一细节,再把细节所在段落仔细阅读一遍,与所给选项核对,分析,判断,得出答案。词汇量的多少往往直接影响着阅读速度及理解能力,但如果拥有一些猜词的基本常识,则会达到事半功倍的效果。词义猜测法是一种通过上下文的种种提示来猜出生词含义的方法, 这种方法一般适用于词义猜测题型。词义猜测题型旨在考查学生的英语词汇量, 以及对文章中生词的理解能力。针对这种情况, 学生解题时, 应该通过生词上下文的语言环境进行词义猜测。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
推理型问题主要包括以下几大类:对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推理,对作者意图、主题思想的推理,对数字的推断,对文中细节的推断等。
①针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推理作者写文章时,经常持有某种态度或倾向。
作者的语气和态度往往并不直接在文章中写出来。有时通过全文的叙述,考生可以从文章中领悟作者的观点;有时可以通过对作者使用的词汇(多为形容词和副词)的分析,来推断出作者的态度和感情,例如作者对某一观点是赞成还是反对,是主观批评还是客观陈述。②对作者意图、主题思想的推理。
考生可以利用确定中心思想(主旨)的方法先确定短文的主题和大意,然后分析句子之间的关系,在全面理解原文的基础上,推测出作者的写作意图和目的。③对数字的推断
考生要先在短文中找出问题所涉及的数字和文字,然后根据题目要求对各数字进行推算。考生应注意,有的题目只要求找出相关的数字,有些题目则要做简单的计算。
Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America.The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you.The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you.Tickets Opening time Grown-ups: $ 3 9:00 am---4:00 pm Children: Over 12:$2 except Friday Under 12: Free 10:00 am--3:00 pm How much does Mr Smith have to pay if he visits the zoo with his sons of fourteen and ten? A.$2.00 b.$5.00 C.$4.00 D.$3.00 2.Which of the following is the visiting time? A.8:30 am, Wed B.9:30 am, Fri C.2:00 pm, Sun D.4:00 pm, Tue 通过阅读我们发现布告中的所有数据都是有用的,那么关键词是:grown-ups, children, over 12, under 12, opening time, except Friday。第一题中Mr Smith是成人,须买3块钱的门票,他一个14岁的儿子需买2块钱的门票,另一个不满12岁的儿子可免票,所以Mr Smith先生需花5块钱,B是正确答案。第二题C是正确答案。④对文中细节的推断。
作者为了说明一个主题或者观点,肯定会做出一系列论述或解释,采用方式可能是举例、论证、摆事实或讲道理、提出问题或者指出事件的原因等。这种题型常常集中对文章中某一点或几点、某一方面或几方面、某一部分或几部分提出问题。回答这类问题时,考生应首先仔细阅读原文以确定推理依据的范围,然后按题意进行推断。
对《考试大纲》中提出的理解文章的基本结构的要求,往往通过篇章结构题来考查。考生要学会把握文章的脉络,理解段落层次之间的关系,弄清作者的写作方法。英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想,主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头,也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用词语连接,承上启下,使文章行文连贯,逻辑严密。为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。高考对这类题型的考查主要体现在以下几个方面: 2014-5-16
第三篇:高三复习教案--亚洲
第六章 我们所生活的大洲———亚洲
第一节 自然环境
第三课时 课程标准:
1、运用地图和有关资料归纳出亚洲的气候特点及其分析该地气候受哪些因素的影响。
2、运用图表说出某一地区气候的特点及其气候对当地农业生产和生活的影响。
教学重点: 运用地图和有关资料归纳出亚洲的气候特点。教学难点:分析影响亚洲气候的因素。
教学方法:讨论法、谈话法、读图分析法、比较分析法 板书设计:
四、气候
(一)特点:
1、复杂多样、季风气候显著
2、季风气候显著
3、陆性气候分布广
(二)气候对农业的影响:
教学过程:
[读图]“亚洲的气候类型图”(图6。9)
[提问]亚洲有哪些主要的气候类型?亚洲的气候为什么会如此的复杂多样呢?也就是影响亚洲气候的因素有哪些呢?
[读图]6。10“亚洲四地年内各月气温或降水量” [比较]雅库次克和孟买年内各月气温有何差异?
[小结] 雅库次克夏季凉爽,冬季十分寒冷,孟买终年高温 [提问] 造成雅库次克和孟买两地气温差异的原因是什么?
[小结]主要原因是纬度位置,孟买所处的纬度较低,因此气温较高;而雅库次克所处的纬度较高,因此气温很低。亚洲由于所跨的纬度大,地跨寒、温、热带,因此气候类型复杂。例如赤道附近的马来群岛,长年如夏,年平均气温在26℃左右;西伯利亚东部,一年中有7个月的平均气温在0℃以下,而东北部的小镇奥伊米亚康镇,曾观测到零下70℃的低温记录,是北半球的“寒极”。[比较]哈尔滨和乌兰巴托两地年内各月降水量状况,分析造成两地降水量差异的原因? [小结]哈尔滨和乌兰巴托所处的纬度位置大体相当,但由于哈尔滨靠海较近,降水相对较丰富,而乌兰巴托距离海洋比较遥远,所以降水稀少,从而造成哈尔滨和乌兰巴托两地气候上的差异。所以,由于亚洲东西距离广,海陆跨度大,亚洲各地距海远近不同,加上气流和地形等因素的影响,干湿度差异悬殊,气候复杂多样。这里有降水丰富的世界“湿极”,也有终年滴水不降的干旱地带。[活动]看看北纬30度附近地区的气候,你能从中发现什么问题?
[归纳]与亚洲其他纬度地区相比,这一带气候特别复杂;虽然处于同一纬度,但不同的海陆位置所带来的气候不同,同是北纬30度,大陆东岸是亚热带季风气候,高原地区是高原山地气候,大陆内部是温带大陆性气候,大陆西岸是热带沙漠和地中海气候。
[讲述]这里特别要强调的是季风气候,由于亚洲地处世界上最大的大陆-----亚欧大陆,面临世界上最大的海洋-------太平洋,海陆热力性质差异很显著,所以季风气候显著。在世界各大洲中,亚洲东部和南部的季风最强盛、最典型、影响范围也最广。
[附图]温带季风气候、亚热带季风气候、热带季风气候的降水季节分配图和降水年际变化图
[讲述]从这几幅图可以分析出季风气候的显著特点就是降水随季节的变化而发生很大的变化,且降水的年际变化也大,有的年份的年降水量很多,有的年份却很少。
[板书]
四、气候:复杂多样,季风气候显著
[承转]刚才我们分析了亚洲气候的特点:复杂多样、季风气候显著以及形成这一特点的原因,那么请同学们再找一找:在亚洲复杂多样的气候类型中,哪一种气候分布的范围最广?这种气候有什么样的特点呢?(提示:雅库次克和乌兰巴托都属于这种气候,可分别从雅库次克的气温变化曲线图和乌兰巴托降水量柱状图综合分析出此种气候的特征)
[小结]温带大陆性气候分布最广泛。通过雅库次克气温曲线图可得出夏季温暖、冬季严寒的气温季节变化特点;通过乌兰巴托的降水量柱状图可以得出降水集中在夏季的降水季节变化特点。所以温带大陆性气候的特点是:夏季温暖、冬季寒冷;降水集中在夏季。[板书]温带大陆性气候分布广
[活动]涓涓和菲菲经常争论一些地理问题,有时谁也说服不了谁。请你做裁判,看看谁对亚洲大陆内部为什么会形成大面积沙漠气候的问题解释得更有道理? 涓涓说“因为距海洋太远了,温和湿润的水气难以深入大陆内部。。。”;菲菲说:“不对!肯定是过去那里的人太多,把水都用光了。。。”(涓涓说得对)[提问]亚洲的气候对亚洲的农业有什么影响?
[归纳]亚洲的季风气候最显著,它对亚洲的农业影响最大,这种影响分为有利的一面和有害的一面,倘若季风气候的高温和多雨时期基本一致即雨热同期,虽然不免有闷热难熬之苦,却对农业发展十分有利,可使农作物得以旺盛生长,因为在作物生长旺盛、最需水分的时候有充足的雨水供应。但是降水的季节变化和年际变化所带来的频繁的旱涝灾害,又严重威胁着农业生产。亚洲东部和南部夏季的降水与夏季风的强弱有着密切的关系。一般说来,夏季风强的年份,从海洋上带来的水汽多,降水也多,如果降水过多,就可能造成洪涝灾害;反之,夏季风弱的年份,降水就少,如果降水过少,就有可能形成旱灾。因此,亚洲东部和南部,常受夏季风的影响而易发生旱涝灾害。
[说明]我国是亚洲最大的国家,季风气候很显著,在季风气候条件下,雨量极不稳定,逐年变化很大。比如在湖南的长沙,多雨年比少雨年的雨量多两倍,南京则多三倍,北京更超过五倍,这样的气候使中国一些地区水旱灾害频繁。[阅读材料]“被淹没的土地”(P8)
[学生小结]要学好气候,少不了要读气候类型图,先看看有哪些气候类型,它们大致分布在什么地方,即几种气候类型的分布规律。然后,再看看上一册地理课本中气候部分,了解各种气候类型的气温和降水特点,还要看看哪种气候类型分布最广。以及这些气候对该地人们生产生活的影响。[读图]“非洲的气候”(图6。2)[分析]非洲气候分布的特点
[归纳]非洲的气候类型南北对称分布,以热带气候为主,热带沙漠气候和热带草原气候广布。
[总结]学习一个地区的自然环境应从哪些方面把握?————首先要了解本地区在世界上的位置及范围,该地的纬度位置和海陆位置,本地区的地形、气候和河流,以及相互之间的关系。还有地形、气候、河流对人类活动的影响。反馈练习:填充亚洲气候类型图 作业:填充图册第三页 后记:
第四篇:高三复习小说专题教案
高三阅读专题复习:小说
一、概念:
小说是以刻画人物形象为中心,通过完整的故事情节和具体的环境描写来反映社会生活的叙事性文学体裁。
二、特点:
鲜明的人物形象/典型的环境/完整的故事情节/深刻的主题/精巧的构思(结构安排、技巧作用)
三、基本题型与答题要点:
1、形象 ★提问方式:
①结合全文,简要分析XXX人物形象。②XXX是一个怎样的人物? ③XXX有哪些优秀的品质?
★思考角度:筛选人物貌、言、行、心„/作者对人物的介绍与评价/人物的具体生活背景→概括特点→结合人物身份。★分析小说对人物进行描写的具体方法及其作用。
2、情节
★组成:(序幕)、开端、发展、高潮、结局、(尾声)
★作用:表现主题、刻画人物形象 ★提问方式:
①用一句话或简明的语句概括小说故事情节? ②小说中共写了哪几件事,请依次加以概括? ③XX情节在小说中起到什么作用? ④XX事物、XX人物在小说中有什么作用? ★解题角度:
①交代人物活动的环境;
②设置悬念,引起读者阅读的兴趣; ③为后面的情节发展作铺垫或埋下伏笔; ④照应前文;
⑤线索或推动情节发展; ⑥刻画人物性格; ⑦表现主旨或深化主题。
★答题方式:XX情节(事物)有„„作用,突出了„„,表现了„„ ★情节结构安排作用题: ①针对小说总体:一波三折式 作用:引人入胜,扣人心弦,增强小说故事的戏剧性、可读性。
②针对小说首尾:首尾呼应式 作用:结构紧密、完整。
③针对小说开头:倒叙式(把结局放到开头)作用:制造悬念,吸引读者的阅读兴趣。[祝福]
④针对小说结尾:戛然而止留白式 作用:留给读者想象的空间,引发读者的思考。
3、环境描写
★组成:自然环境和社会环境[社会环境描写对揭示小说的主旨具重要作用] ★提问方式:在文中准确地找出描写环境的句子;或就指定的环境描写分析其特点与作用。★解答角度:
①交代故事发生的时间地点; ②暗示社会环境,暗示人物的前途命运;
③揭示人物心境,表现人物身份、地位、性格;
④渲染气氛、奠定基调;
⑤推动情节的发展或作为情节线索(展开情节、转换情节、暗示情节的结束等); ⑥揭示或深化主旨。
4、主题
★概念:即小说通过对现实生活的描绘和艺术形象的塑造所表现出来的中心思想。寓于小说中的题材和人物形象之中。是小说的灵魂与价值意义所在。★提问方式:
①找出体现小说主题的句子(或概括作品的主题);
②读了全文后,文章让你明白了什么道理(本文对你有何启迪?谈谈你的一点体会);
③结合全文主题,谈谈你对某一句话(某一个问题)的理解或看法。★主题挖掘的基本切入点:
• ⑴从小说的题目入手思考小说的主题。标题的作用: •
①设置悬念。
②标题就是小说的线索。•
③为塑造和突出人物形象服务。•
④推动情节的发展或推动了故事情节的转折,化解了人物矛盾冲突。• ⑤突出主题,一语双关,对主题的表现起画龙点睛的作用。
⑵从小说的情节和人物形象入手; •
⑶联系作品的时代背景及典型的环境描写,认识人物形象的思想性格上所打上的时代烙印,把
握住人物形象所折射出的时代特征,达到揭示小说主题的目的; •
⑷从小说的精巧构思中把握作品的主题。
★概括主题的基本术语: •
①歌颂、赞扬、张扬什么。•
②讽刺、批判、揭露、谴责什么。•
③揭示什么人生道理。•
④对什么现象的反思。•
⑤表达/表现了什么情感。• ★基本表述模式: • 概括小说主要内容 + 联系小说时代背景 + 揭露、批判、讽刺„„ + 褒扬、表达了„„(精神、愿望、追求)5.表达技巧[表达方式、表现手法、修辞] 对表达技巧的评价鉴赏,就是分析文章运用了哪些表达技巧,表达了什么内容,达到了什么艺术效果等。• ★提问角度:
①文中运用了什么表现方法(细节描写、象征、对比、衬托、铺垫、照应、悬念、巧合等)
以及用它塑造形象时所起的作用;
②文中特有的表达方式(记叙、描写、说明、议论、抒情)是如何为作者表情达意服务的;
③在语言运用上有何特点(如:语言精炼、句式整齐而有节奏感、用词准确而形象、词语丰
富而多样),给读者提供艺术审美情趣。•
★答题方向分类: •
Ⅰ、表达方式
①叙述人称的选择作用题 •
第一人称:叙述亲切自然,能自由地表达思想感情,给读者以真实生动之感。
第二人称:增强文章的抒情性和亲切感,便于感情交流。•
第三人称:能比较直接客观地展现丰富多彩的生活,不受时间和空间限制,反映现实比
较灵活自由 •
②叙述顺序安排作用题 • 顺叙:能按某一顺序(时间或空间)较清楚地进行记叙。
• 倒叙:造成悬念,引人入胜。插叙:对主要情节或中心事件做必要的铺垫照应,补充说明,使情节更加完整,结构更
加严密,内容更加充实丰满。补叙:对上文内容加以补充解释,对下文做某些交代。
平叙:俗称“花开两枝,各表一朵”,(指叙述两件或多件同时发生的事)使头绪清楚,•
照应得体。•
③描写的特点题
白描:纯用线条勾画,不加渲染烘托。以小见大,寥寥几笔勾勒出画面,表现性格、主题。
人物对话描写、心理描写、细节描写:刻画人物性格,反映人物心理活动,促进故事情节
• 的发展。也可描摹人物的语态,收到一种特殊的效果。景物描写:具体描写自然风光,营造一种气氛,烘托人物的情感和思想。•
人物肖像、动作描写、心理描写:更好展现人物的内心世界、性格特征。
Ⅱ、表现手法 • 象征法、对比法、衬托法、先抑后扬法、托物言志法、借景抒情法等 •
Ⅲ、结构安排
• 看开头结尾是否各有特色;是否结构严谨,完整匀称;烘托铺垫,前后照应;设置悬念,制造波澜;起承转合,曲折有致等。
★解答方式:点明术语 + 结合小说内容加以分析 + 收到的艺术效果
第五篇:高三英语复习教案
SB3-units1-2)
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
willing ,devote,cure,disadvantage,shock,institute,admire,debt,expedition,merchant, exist,chart,botany,disaster,crew.2.短语
devote…to 把……用在;把……献给
succeed in(干)……成功
give off 发出(光、热等)
in honour of 为了纪念……;为向……表示敬意
above all 首先;首要
set off 使爆炸;引起;出发
pay off 偿清(欠款等)
at sea 在大海上;在航海
take…by surprise 使……吃惊;出奇兵攻占
in charge of 主管;负责
set out 出发;开始
in search of 寻找
3.句型
(1)I‘m(not)sure… I‘m not sure whether/if…
(2)I doubt if/whether…
(3)Making a map of the east coast was an important job.(4)The men often fall ill and suffer fever.(5)They will provide us with eggs and meat.4.交际英语
(1)I doubt if he‘ll be asked to speak again next year.(2)Perhaps I‘ll go to that one.(3)Maybe it was useful for some people.(4)How did you find the talk this morning?
(5)I shall insist on leaving at 7 a.m.sharp.(6)We‘ve decided to do sth./that…(7)Have you decided which boat to take?
(8)I suggest doing sth.二、考点精析与拓展
1.have something(nothing,much,little)to do with与……有(没有,有很大,有一点)关系。
①I have nothing to do with that young man.②His job has something to do with telephones.③This has little to do with what we are talking about.④Do you have anything to do with that club?
2.doubt v.& n.怀疑,不相信
n.of…对……(抱)怀疑或悲观(态度)
doubt 从句在否定句及疑问句中多跟that
引起的从句,在肯定句中多跟
whether(if)引起的从句。
①I doubt the truth of this report.②They have never doubted of success.③I don‘t doubt that you are honest.④Can you doubt that he will win? ⑤I doubt if that was what he wanted.该词作名词时有以下短语
beyond(all)doubt毫无疑问;in doubt怀疑,犹豫,不肯定;no doubt肯定地,想必;without doubt毫无疑问,一定地
①The truth of the story is beyond doubt.②I was in doubt about what to do.③No doubt I learned a lot from that lecture.④Without doubt these theories were all wrong.3.How do(did)you find…?(你觉得/认为……怎么样?)是征求对方对某人、某事的看法或意见的用语。回答时在find
后要跟复合宾语。
How did you find the dishes?(I found them)Tasteless.How do you find Peter Gray? I found him dishonest.4.admit vt.①接纳,许可……进入(allow sb./sth.to enter)
He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.②承认,后可接名词,doing、从句或复合结构。
I admit my fault.She admitted having read the letter.He admitted that his comprehension was weak.You must admit the task
to be difficult.5.be remembered as…作为……而被人们怀念
He will always be remembered as a national hero.6.(be)determined to do sth.下定决心做…… determine to do sth.决定(心)做…… ①I was determined not to follow their advice.②I left him,determined never to set foot in that house again.③She determined to go that very afternoon.7.certain某(些),仅作形容词用法。
①He didn‘t come for a certain reason.②A certain person called on me yesterday.③She will do it on certain conditions.some 也可以作此意讲,但前面无冠词
①He is living at some place in East Africa.②I‘ve read that story before in some book of other.8.succeed in sth.(doing sth.)(干……)成功,其反义词组;fail in sth.(doing sth.)或fail to do sth.;名词success;形容词
successful
9.give off,放出(光、烟、气味等)、散发,give out,放出,发出(声音,光线,气味等),(食物、燃料、力量等)用尽、筋疲力尽。
①These red roses give off a sweet smell.②This device gives out flashes of light in the fog.③Both my strength and money gave out.10.in honour of sb.(sth.)为了纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动。
①A memorial meeting was held in his honour.②It is only a dance in honour of my birthday.11.devote…to…把……献给,把……用在
devote oneself to…致力于,献身于
be devoted to…专心致志于,献身于,忠于
①Mary devotes too much time to eating.②He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.③He devoted himself entirely to music.④He was still devoted to the study of chemistry.⑤He is very devoted to his wife.12.believe in 信任
①We believe in Marxism.②You can believe in him.③We believe in our government.set off(for)出发,动身(去某地)
set off 引爆
13.set out to do sth.着手……
n.set about
doing开始(着手)做…… ①We‘ll set off fox Xi‘an at six tomorrow.②Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb.③He set out to break the record for the crosschannel swim.④I don‘t know how to set about this job.14.have effect on 对……有影响,相当于affect:
It has had such a bad effect on him.15.above all 首先,特别是,最重要的是
after all 到底,毕竟 at all(用来加强语气)与not连用,表示―一点也不,完全不‖。
in all 总共
all but 几乎,差点没(=almost,nearly)
①We have all but finished the work.②The day turned out fine after all.③Children need many things ,but above all they need love.④He wasn‘t at all tired.⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的,确实)?
⑥There were twenty in all at the party.16.order food 叫食物
order n.&vt./vi.订购…… place an order for sth.订购…… order sth.from…向……订购…… order sth.fororder sb.sth.sb.为某人订购……
I have ordered you some new clothes.17.insist on doing sth.坚持做…… suggest doing sth.建议做…… enjoy doing sth.喜欢做……
类似的admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,detest.dis-like,endure,escape,excuse,face,feellike,finish,forgive,give up,can‘t help,imagine, leave off,mention,mind,miss,postp-hone,practise,put off, resist,risk,can‘t understand,und
-erstand,mean(意味着)
以上这些动词只能接动名词作宾语,不能接动词不定式作宾语。在介词之间,也只能用动名词作宾语。
Look forward to,object to ,be used to,in addition to,prefer…to,according to,stick to,etc.18.live animals活着的动物
(动、植物等)活着的live adj.(置于名词之前)
(广播、电视等的)实况的
作为叙述形容词则用alive,living
alive,(more alive,most alive)活着的;有活力的,活泼的;(不置于名词之前)常作表语。
a live(living)fish 一条活鱼
不能用an alive fish
a live TV broadcast实况转播的电视节目
catch a lion alive活捉狮子
①Although old,he is very much alive.②My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.③The wounded soldier is still living.lively adj.精神的,有生气的,活泼的,生动的
a lively boy, a lively discussion.Her talk was lively and interesting.19.throw away抛弃
throw in插进(话语)
throw off脱
throw out 抛出,丢弃
throw over把……抛过去(抛回),抛弃(朋友)
20.Provide sb.with sth.供给某人…… provide it 供给……,提供……
provide:
n.eg.The hotel will provie tents.sb.+with sth.n.+for sb.eg.They provide food and books for the children.They provide the children with food and books.
provide for赡养,抚养
He had to provide for a big family supply vt.提供……供给……
n.supply
sb.with sth.sth.to sb.They didn‘t supply those children with books for studying.They didn‘t supply books to those children for studying.21.go bad 变坏
类似的:go wrong,go mad,etc.go 通常表示不好的变化。
Alice‘s face went red with anger.My husband‘s hair is going gray.22.at sea 在航海中,在海上
at the sea 在海边
在英语中,有许多结构用与不用定冠词在意思方面有着很大的区别。
go to sea 当水手,当海员
go to the sea 到海边去
keep house 料理家务
keep the house呆在家中不出门
in bed 睡着,躺在床上
in the bed在床上
at play在玩,正在游戏
at the play 在看戏
23.fall ill 生病,得病
①Tom is absent,for he has fallen ill.②John was caught in the storm and he fell ill.24.keep sb.healthy使……保持健康
keep,n.―使维持(某种状态)‖后可接adj.(ving,p.p,adv.)等作宾补。
①I was so tired that I could hardly keep myself awake.②I‘m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.③Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.④They kept us out.⑤Once a cold kept him in bed for three days.25.take an interest in 对……感兴趣
have an interest in 对……感兴趣
lose interest in 对……失去兴趣
①He has a great interest in stamp-collecting.②I lost my interest in history.③His father took no interest in him.26.pay for 付……的货款,为……付代价
pay off 全部还清,偿请(借款)
①Did you pay 300 yuan to him for that bicycle? ②I have just paid off my loan from the bank.③You‘ll have to pay for your mistakes.27.suffer v.受苦,遭受。
①She suffered greatly as a child.②He suffered the loss of a leg during the war.③She suffers from stomach-aches.28.break out(战争、火灾、疾病、瘟疫等的)爆发
①The American Civil War broke out in 1861.②Fire broke out in the neighbour last night.break out in(into)…忽然(做出)…… break out in laughter突然放声大笑
break in(强盗等)强行闯入
break into闯入;打碎(打破)成……
break up 分开,分割
29.take…by surprise对……突然袭击,出乎……意料。
His parents took him quite by surprise when they suddenly appeared at the door.30.in charge of prep.担任……,管理……,负责
in a person‘s charge由(某人)照料(管理)in the charge of a person
take charge of 担任……,接管。
My father is in charge of this company.31.set sail 扬帆启航
The ship set sail for Europe.32.head south向南行
head vi.向……前进,朝某方面行进。后面接for,forward的介词短语,或表示方向的副词east,eastward等。
①Where are we heading?
②Those ships are heading for HongKong.三、精典名题导解
题1(上海 2000)
Although the working mother is very busy,she still______a lot of time to children.A.devotes B.spends C.offers D.provides
分析:A。offer sb.sth.(offer sth.to sb.)提供某人某物;provide sth.for sb,提供某物给某人;spend time doing sth.花费时
间做某事。
题2(上海 1999)
Washington,a state in the United States,was named______ one of the greatest American presidents.A.in honour of B.instead of C.in favour of D.by means of
分析:A。题意为―为纪念美国最伟大的总统之一的华盛顿,美国的一个州以华盛顿命名‖。
题3(上海 2001)
I______ping-pong quite well,but I haven‘t had time to play since the new year.A.will play B.have played C.played D.play
分析:D。该题考查动词时态。but后的并列分句用现在完成时的否定式,表示到现在为止未完成的动作,由此可推断出前一个并列分句表示的是经常性或习惯性的动作,需用一般现在时。
题4(上海 1992)
He has always insisted on his______Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.A.been called B.called C.being called D.having called 分析:C。call sb.sth.为固定短语,这里用被动形式。
题5
I insist that a doctor______ immediately.A.has been sent for B.send for C.will be sent for D.be sent for
分析:D。insist意为―坚决主张‖,所引导的从句中应用(should)do…。
题6(北京 2002)
—Excuse me ,sir.Would you do me a favor?
—Of course.What is it?
—I____if you could tell me how to fill out the form.A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder
分析:B。此题主要考查过去进行时在实际交际中的用法。I was wondering…表示我刚刚正在想……(对现在有一定影响),此外在此题中它也是委婉寻求别人帮助的好方式。
题7(NMET 1995)
—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.—Well,now I regret______that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done
分析:D。从题干的第一句和答句的now可知,动作已发生了,是―后悔干了那件事‖,为此后面应用v.+ing结构。
题8(NMET 1994)
—I must apologize for______ahead of time.—That‘s all right.A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.letting not you know
分析:B。此题主要考查动名词的否定式。注意:动名词、不定式、分词的否定式一定要放在这些词的前面。
高三英语复习教案(2)
(SB3-units3-4)
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
camp,beyond,spiritual,faith,starve,birth,precious,shave,argue,ruin,loss,whi-chever,repay.2.短语
fix up 安顿;修理好 hand down 把……传下来
give birth to 生,产生 round up 赶拢;使聚拢
work out 算出;估算;制订出 leave…free 让……空着;闲置起来
result in 导致……;结果导致 make sense 讲得通;有意义
in debt 负债;欠账
3.句型
(1)Until very recently no school lessons were held in languages rather than English.(2)Today they were more usually known as Kooris.(3)Kooris do not believe in owning possessions of lands.(4)Whenever the Kooris defended their rights,they were killed.(5)Australia is as old as time.(6)There is no sense in quarreling.(7)It‘s well known that pests continue to eat crops,causing damage.(8)It has been suggested that…
4.交际英语
(1)Sorry.I wasn‘t thinking.(2)That‘s OK.But you mustn‘t smoke here.(3)Look out!There‘s a kangaroo!(4)Missed it!That was lucky.(5)I‘d like to invite you to dinner at my flat.(6)Have you ordered yet?(7)Then I‘ll take your order,OK?
(8)Anything to follow?
5.语法
(1)复习动词-ing形式。
①作宾补 ②作状语
2.复习名词性从句。
二、考点精析与拓展
1.go camping 去露营
―go+doing‖表示―去干某事‖,多指从事与体育、娱乐有关的活动。
go fishing 去钓鱼 go riding去骑马
go boating 去划船 go climbing去登山
go swimming去游泳 go shooting去射击
go walking 去散步 go hunting去打猎
go shopping去买东西 go cycling去骑车
go dancing去跳舞
―go+doing‖还可以表示从事某种职业。
go farming务农 go nursing当护士
2.beyond,prep.(场所)在(向)……的一边,越过……,(程度)超出;(时间),超过(Δ常用于否定句);除……之外,……
以外。
①Go about 200 metres beyond the house and you will find the hotel on the left.②I want to buy a bag beyond these clothes.3.fix up vt.搭起、安装,修理,安排(住宿等),提供,本课中fix up=put up(搭起)。
We must fix the house up before we move into it.4.tie…to把……绑(系)在…… We got there,we tied our boat to a big rock.tie tied tied tying系,绑
lie lied lied lying说谎
lie lay lain lying躺
lay laid laid laying放,产卵
of
5.make sure 确保,安排妥,务必
(that)
①We‘ve made sure of our seats for the movie.②Make sure(that)you pick the child up at five.6.hand down(=pass down)相传、传给
意思是―(从上代)传下来(给后代)‖。
In poor families,clothes may be handed down from one child to the next.hand back 把……归还……;hand in 面交,提出;hand on 传阅,依次传递;hand out 分发;hand over 移交。
7.live by it赖……为生;以……为生(Δ不可用于被动语态)
Live by(one‘s)pen 以笔耕为生
live out 活着,熬过
live through(it)活过,度过……而不死(Δ不可用于被动语态)
The patient will not live through the night.8.become experienced at对……有经验
experienced adj.有经验的,老练的
be experienced in
He‘s very experienced in money matters.experience n.经验,体验(in(of)/doing)
My father has ten year‘s experience in teaching.9.make up 组成,构成。
The government is made up of ten members.make up还有―化妆、打扮;编造(故事等),弥补‖之意
She made up a story to avoid being examined.10.whenever,―无论什么时候‖,既可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句,whoever,whichever,whatever,wherever,however等也同样。
―no matter when‖ 只能引导让步状语从句,no matter what(who,where,which,when,how)也同样。
①Whoever leaves the room last must close the door.②Whoever came here,he will be welcomed.11.be separated from被分割
separate…from把……和……分开。
His mother separated the big eggs from the small ones.12.feed…on…以……饲养(动物)
feed on(动物)以……为食
feed…to…喂(动物)……当饲料。
feed a dog on meat 以肉饲养狗
feed meet to a dog Cows feed on hay during winter.13.give birth to 生……;造成……的原因。
①She gave birth to a baby last week.②His illness gave birth to his absence.14.cover an area of..,占地……
cover盖上;掩盖;占据(时间)(空间),走过(路程);采访。
①My mother covered the baby with a blanket.②She tried to cover the fact that she had been to the place.③I‘m covering the accident.15.depend on 依靠;指望
depend on sb.to do sth.指望(某人)做……
+n
depend on 取决于,视……而定
wh-clause
①His parents depend on him to make progress.②Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.16.all the year round 全年,一年到头
In the west coast of Canada,it rains all the year round.17.look forward to vt.期待……,盼望
I‘m looking forward to seeing you again.18.all the same adj.都一样;无所谓(to+n.)
①You can stay or leave now;It‘s all the same to me.②It‘s all the same to me whether we‘ll go there today or tomorrow.adv.仍然,还是
Thank you all the same.19.help oneself to―自行取用(食物等),随意使用‖
Help yourself to more cakes.20.now and again 时而
from time to time means now and then
sometimes 21.fix a date 确定日期
fix a time确定时间
fix a place确定场所
fix vt.决定,确定
fix+n./wh-/to do sth.My uncle is fixing to set up a company.22.earn one‘s living,make one‘s living 谋生,挣钱过活。
The professor earns his living by teaching at a language school.23.The problem is how to feed…
how to do sth.是由―疑问副词+动词不定式‖构成的复合结构,在此句中作表语。
How to deal with it hasn‘t been decided.My question is how to feed so many people.24.in the form of 以……的形式呈现,prep.take the form of 以……形式呈现,vt.The cookies are all in the form of stars.The cookies all take the form of stars.
25.make efforts to do sth.努力(尽力)干……
make an effort(at)尽力,努力……
spare no effort不遗余力
I made every effort to get it(at getting it)26.remove sth.to…把……移向……
remove it去除;脱掉¬
remove sb.(sth.)from+n.remove+n.+(from+n+to+n.)
You should remove your coat in the warm room.27.too…to…太……而不能
enough…to do sth.足够……,可以……
so…that…如此……以致…… He is too old to walk himself.28.work out解决(问题;)计算出(总计等);周密地想出
They worked out all the details of the project.work at 从事…… work on 从事……,继续工作
29.be lost损失,失去
lost adj.逝去的,弄丢的;遗失的,迷路的,输掉的,沉迷于……的(in+n.)(Δ不置于名词前)
It is useless talking about our lost youth.30.take…for… ①把……当作……。
②误认……为
regard…as take…for= consider…as
She pat the boy on the head,for she took him for John.31.in debt(to)欠债,欠人情
out of debt还清负债,没欠债
get(run,fall)into debt,vi.借债,负债
pay off the debt还清债务
She was always in debt when she was out of work.32.day by day一天天地
day after day日复一日,一天又一天
①Day by day he seems to grow a little stronger.②I have to do this work day after day.33.make sense讲得通;很有意义
This sentence doesn‘t make any sense.三、精典名题导解
题1(上海 1996)
If you are ________about Australian cities,just read the book written by Dr Johnson.A.interested B.anxious C.upset D.curious
分析:D。be interested in 对……感兴趣; be anxious about为……着急;be upset at对……苦恼(不安)。
题2(北京 2002)
It is so nice to hear from her.______, we last met more than thirty years ago.A.What‘s more B.That is to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not 分析:D。believe it or not信不信由你。
题3 The world is _________seven continents and four oceans.A.made up of B.made out of C.made from D.made in
分析:A。句意为―世界由七大洲和四大洋组成‖。
题4(上海 2000春)
While building a tunnel through the mountain,______.A.an underground lake was discovered B.there was on underground lake discovered C.a lake was discovered underground D.the workers discovered an underground lake
分析:D。从句中的building表示主动,其前省去了主语,且与主句的主语一致,A、B、C三个选项中的主语不能
发出动作build。
题5(上海 2001春)
______from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered 分析:C。suffer与逻辑主语之间表主动,且动作先于has to take…。
题6(NMET 1992)
The salesman scolded the girl caught_______and let her off.A.to have stolen B.to be stealing C.to steal D.stealing
分析:D。该题考查分词作宾补的用法,但题干中的caught使句子结构复杂化了。实际上只要掌握scold sb.doing sth.这一表达法,便可知caught一词是过去分词在句中作the girl的定语,其作用相当于the girl who was caught。句子的意思是―售货员斥责这位被抓住的女孩的偷窃行为并将她赶了出去。‖
题7(上海 1999)
______your composition carefully,some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A.Having checked B.Check C.If you check D.To check
分析:C。如果选A、D项主语应该是人,而不是mistakes。如选B项,就构成祈使句,逗号后面就应加and。
题8(上海 2001春)
______blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give
分析:B。该题极易选A。实际上―_______blood if you can‖这一部分表示祈使意义,即―祈使句+and…‖。
题9(北京 2002)
We will be shown around the city:schools,museums,and some other places,______other visitors seldom go.A.what B.which C.where D.when
分析:C。本题涉及schools,museums等多个地点名词,所以须用where。
题10(上海 2001)
Little Tom was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster______he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.where D.what 分析:D。don为极物动词、后无宾语。
题11(上海 2001)
________is no possibility_______Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that B.It;that C.There;whether D.It;whether
分析:A。possibity后应引导一个同位语从句,因其前有no修饰,所以其后不用whether。―存在有……‖应该用―There
is…‖。
题12(上海 2001)
What the doctor really doubt is________my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A.when B.how C.whether D.why 分析:C。―医生怀疑的是是否康复‖。
高三英语复习教案(3)
(SB3-units5-6)
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
advertise,comment,satisfaction,blame,tense,fragile,split,sincerely,product,seek,sort,technigque,environment,recycle.2.短语
bring in 引入;增加 hand in hand 并进;联合
try out 试验 think up 想出
at the last moment 在最后一刻 get rid of 处理;去掉
break up分解;腐蚀 break down出毛病;不运转;分解
at one time(以前)有过一段时期
a mountain of/mountains of(一)大堆;大量的shut down(放下)关上;关闭(企业等)
3.句型
(1)Since production in creases,the price can be reduced.(2)Also present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertise
-ment.(3)There have been major changes in advertising in the past sixty years.(4)No matter how much you want to bathe(in the sea),it just isn‘t safe.(5)I suppose it is better to be safe than sick.(6)It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers.4.语法
(1)复习过去分词。
(2)复习第一至第五单元出现过的重点语法项目。
二、考点精析与拓展
1.I think it would be a good idea to(do sth.)
―我想,干某事是个好主意‖(是委婉地提出建议的交际英语)。
A:I‘m afraid I‘m putting on weight.B:I think it would be a good idea to keep on doing moning exercises.2.Do you think so?
①―so‖用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,等于代替肯定的名词性从句,可与
believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose, think等及It appear…,It seems和I‘m afraid连用。
―Will they go to see him?‖
I believe[that]they will go to see him.)‖―I believe so.(②表示否定时,用not代替so,但在believe,suppose,think等动词之后,如I don‘t think(believe,suppose)so等,通常仍
可与so连用。
③不能和表示确信、疑问的词语连用。
I doubt about it.(√)I doubt so.(×)
3.agree with同意……,(气候,食物等)适合于某人;和……相一致(常用于否定句)。
The climate here doesn‘t agree with me.agree to …赞成……
agree on 就……取得一致意见或看法
4.persuade sb.to do sth.说明某人做…… persuade sb.into doing sth.―persuade‖只有劝服了的情况下才可以直接使用,没有劝服,则用:
try to persuade sb.to do sth.advise sb.to do sth
①We try to persuade him to stop smoking,but he still smokes now.②He persuaded me into lending him all my savings.n.Persuade sb.out of 说明(人)停止,劝阻
doing
His parents persuaded him out of his foolish action.5.express one‘s satisfaction with对……表示满意
be satisfied with对……感到满意
The officials expressed their satisfaction with the preparation for the exhibition.6.at the top of在……的顶部,上方
at the top of a mountain在山顶
She is(at)the top of her class in French.at the top of one‘s voice高声地,尖声地
7.bring in 把……拿进来;收获;赚入……;获利
They bring in one million dollars a year from their new company.8.carry out 搬出;进行
①Would you please carry the chairs out? ②The plan should be carried out at once.9.ask for 要求,请求
ask sb.for sth.向(某人)请求(要求)…… She asked for some advice on how to learn English well.10.It is a waste of time/money to do sth.干……浪费时间(钱)
It‘s a waste of time to fix this watch.11.instead of,prep.代替……,而不是
I don‘t like beer;Please give me cola instead.12.would say总是会说……
would有过去、常常……之意,但它与used to 的用法不相同的。
①表示过去持续的状态或感情总是used to 而不是would。因此,would不与表示状态的动词连用。
There used to be a hospital/here.(√)
这里过去有一所医院。
There would be…(×)②used to 和would都可以表示过去规则的行为,但通常would是在过去不大规则的行为时,或主语的关心、感慨等主观因素较强时使用,而used to 则在客观地陈述相当期间的规则行为时使用。
―I‘ll leave this job for a better one‖,he would say when he was scolded by his boss.③―would‖常与―often,sometimes,for hours‖等表示时间的副词(短语)连用。
④与现在或将来比较而表示―以前经常……‖的意思时,用used to。
He will not have the money to spend on books as he used to.13.think up 想出,想起(办法等)
The students try to think up an idea to play football without being seen.think over熟虑;think out 想出,想透(问题等)
think of考虑,认为,想起think about 考虑,想出
think aloud自言自语
14.in the past sixty years在过去的60年里(常与现在完成时连用)
Great changes have taken place in the past few years.15.start with 以……开始
Today‘s class starts with a question.16.at the last moment在最后关头
at the moment 此刻;正在那时 for a moment片刻;一会儿for the moment 目前,暂时in a moment立刻,马上
17.point out 指出(to+n.)
The teacher pointed out my mistakes to me.point+(n.)+at/to/toward+n.指向,对着……;显示
He quietly pointed his gun at the deer.18.be crowded with 挤满……
crowded 还可作adj.The bus was crowded with people.a crowded train(street)
(交通拥挤是heavy[busy]traffic,不能说crowded traffic)
19.admire sb.for…佩服某人的…… We admire him for the boy‘s courage.be shocked
20.be astonished at sth.(to do,从句)
be surprised
这三个词用法基本相同,只是―惊讶‖的程度不同,shock>astonish>surprised。
21.search+n.搜查,搜身,意思是经过搜查之后想找到自己要的东西。
search for:look for寻找
The police searched the room for the thief.22.remind sb.+than-clause.使人想起(某事),提醒
remind sb.to do sth.使(某人)想起做(某事);提醒某人做(某事)
I reminded him to work hard.23.It looks as if…看起来好象……
It seems as if…似乎……It seems that…It appears as if/that…
It looks as if it‘s going to snow.24.no matter how 无论怎样……引导让步状语从句。
类似的no matter who,no matter what,no matter when,no matter where…ect.No matter what he says,I won‘t believe him.25.suppose+that-clause 以为,假如
suppose vt.以为,猜想,假定
suppose sb.+(to be)+adj./n
以为(某人)是……,假定……为…… ①I supposed that she was an English teacher.②All the students supposed him to be the headmaster.26.not+adj./adv.+enough+不定式 不够……,(以致)不能……
大体相当于 too…to … He is not old enough to go to school.(=He is too young to go to school.)
27.deal with 对付,处理(常与疑问代词how连用)
do with处理(常与疑问副词what)
She knows well how to deal with her parents.28.get rid of 除去,除掉,摆脱(疾病等麻烦事物)
How can I get rid of the pain in the chest? 29.break up驱散;分散,破坏(关系)
break down毁坏;分体;故障
The police used teargas to break up the demonstration.30.against the law违反法律
be against反对,违反
be for赞成,支持
Abraham Lincoln was strongly against slavery.31.at the bottom of 在……底部,下端
at the bottom of a hill在山脚下
She is always at the bottom of the class.32.at one time 往昔;曾有一时
At one time there wer not so many cars on the streets.33.set up建立,设立,创设
A new government was set up after the civilwar.34.fight against(with)与……战斗
fight for 为……战
fight against与……搏斗
35.seek to 尝试,试图
seek(sought,sought,seeking),vt./vi.寻求,探求
seek for(after)+n.找寻
seek+n./going寻找,征求,设法得到
We must seek(for)a solution to the problem.36.be active in在……方面很积极
take an active part in积极参加
①He was active in helping others.②He takes an active part in all kinds of sports.37.multiply A by B A乘以4。
Mulitiply 3 by 4.3乘以4。multiplied by 2 is 8.38.take out去除(污点等)(本课的用法)
还有―把(人)带去,把(物)拿去,获得(权利许可等)‖。
My parents are taking me out to a show tonight.You will have to have the tooth taken out.39.shut down关闭……;停止营业
①This factory has shut down.②Shut down the window.Shut off 关掉
40.be disappointed with(at,about)对……失望
I was disappinted at(in,with)the result.be disappointed to do做……而感到失望
His uncle was disappointed to hear the news.三、精典名题导解
题 1(上海 2000)
What he has done is far from________.A.satisfactory B.satisfied C.satisfaction D.satisfy 分析:A。far from(远非)+sth./doing sth..题2(上海 2001)
I was really anxious about you.You_______home without a word.A.mutsn‘t leave B.shouldn‘t have left C.couldn‘t have left D.needn‘t leave
分析:B。该项考查具有特殊意义的谓语形式。―情态动词+完成式‖表示对过去所发生事情的推测。―shouldn‘t+完成式‖表示过去不该做而实际上已做的事。说话人常为之表示一种责怪或遗憾的情感。―couldn‘t+完成式‖有时表示无论如何也不可能做到。根据前句I was really anxious about you 的语境可以确定,最佳答案为B。
题3(NMET 1995)
It was not until 1929_______regular radio broadcasts began.A.while B.which C.that D.since 分析:C。这是一个强调句型。强调句的结构是It is(was)+that(who)…。that既可指代也可指代物;who只能指代人。
题4(上海 2001)
_______ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What
分析:B。该题考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。根据句意和结构可以确定,空白处应填关系代词as,引导非限制性定语从句。在这种用法中,as的先行词不是主句中的某个名词而是整个主句所表达的内容。as的意思是―正如‖―正像‖―像……那样‖,定语从句则表达了说话人对某事的态度或看法。关系代词as可在从句中作主语或宾语,此空填as在从句中作主语。as从句的位置比较灵活,可以置于句首,句中或句末,从句通常与主句由逗号隔开。
高三英语复习教案(4)
(SB3-units7-8)
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
smooth, opposite, state, replace, ashamed, remark, delight, burst, envy, crazy, steadily
2.短语
keep off 让开;不接近fall to pieces 崩溃;倒塌
take on 呈现 once in a while 偶尔
watch over 查看;监视 in a poor state 境况很差
masses of 大多数;大部分 at war 作战;打仗
to make things worse 更糟糕的是 change one‘s mind 改变主意
burst into tears 突然哭起来 on board 在船上
on the point of 正要……的时候 but for 要不是;若不
make it 约定;赶得上 upon one‘s word 保证
3.句型
What can we do to make it look less ugly?
I think we should paint it white.It looks a bit ugly as it is.—I‘m sorry to have done that.I don‘t mean to be so rude.—It doesn‘t matter.You just don‘t consider anyone but yourself.I was so disappinted not to be going out.What good fortune that I travelled with you as my captain!
And in the end he did land us safe.4.语法
重点复习时态和语态。
复习动词时态
(二)。
过去进行时;过去完成时;过去将来时;一般将来时
二、考点精析与拓展
1.watch over
该短语动词意为―照看‖,―保护‖,―监视‖。如:
Will you watch over my clothes while I go shopping.Watch out(for sth.)意为―注意‖,―监视‖,―当心‖。如:
The doctor told her to watch out for anything unusual.2.besides
作为副词,意思是―还有,而且‖(moreover),常放在句首。如:
I don ‗t want to go out for a walk.Besides, I‘m feeling tired.3.take on;take sth.on意为―从事‖,―担任‖,―承担‖。如:
①He is taking on a new job.②You‘ve taken on too much.你承担的工作太多了。
take sb.on接受挑战
如:He took Jack on at golf.take on a new look呈现新面貌
如:Our country has taken on a new look every where.4.there is no need…
need 在此为不可数名词,意为―需要‖、―必须‖,使用时应该注意它使用的句式结构,即我们只能说―There is no need
for +n./(for sb.)to do...‖
不能说―It is no need(for sb.)to do sth.‖
5.unless与if … not
unless 经常用来代替if…not.如:
He will accept the job if the salary‘s not too low/unless the salary is too low.6.be ahead of
该词组有两层意思,一是―优于‖,―超过‖;二是―比……早‖,―在……的前面‖。如:
He is well ahead of all the other students in English.7.as good as
as good as 作为固定词组意为―几乎一样‖,―实际上等于‖,作为同级比较结构,意为―和……一样好‖。如:
①He is as good at English as me.②My bike is as good as yours.8.to one‘s delight
该词组意为―使某人高兴‖,还可以表达为―to the delight of sb.‖。
能这样表达的还有to one‘s joy,to one‘s surprise,to one‘s sorrow等。如:
To my shame, I completely forgot our date.9.nowhere can there be…
否定副词nowhere放在句首,该句应使用倒装结构。
Nowhere is there a place for him to settle down.类似的副词还有hardly scarcely, no sooner,seldom, never, little等。
10.up until…
该结构意为―一直到……为止‖,谓动常用完成时态。如:
Up until yesterday two sides had agreed on all the items of this contract.11.where necessary
这是一省略结构,它的完整表达为:where it was necessary to do so, where,when,if等连词引起的从句,特别当主谓语是it is/was时,主谓语常可省略,只保留从句中的必要成分。如:
We can discuss it again if necessary.12.keep one‘s word
该动宾词组意为―守信‖,―遵守诺言‖。词组里word不能用复数形式words.同义词组为―keep a promise‖,反义词组为
―break one‘s word‖。如: Once you promise someone to do something,you should keep your word.13.change one‘s mind
该动宾词组意为―改变主意‖,其中mind常用单数形式。如:
If one always change one‘s mind, he succeeds in nothing.14.apologize for doing sth.apologize是不及物动词,意为―道歉‖,其表达式为―apologize to sb.for sth.‖。如:
You must apologize to your sister for being so rude.它的名词形式是apology, 复数形式是apologizes.make one‘s apologies to sb.for sth.= make an apology to sb.for sth.如:
He make his apologies to me for coming late.15.mean to do sth.该结构意为―有意要干某事‖。如:
I‘m very sorry if I hurt your feelings in fact.I didn‘t mean to.16.keep off
短语动词。意为―远离‖、―制止‖、―使避开‖、―不让接近‖。如:
A board stands by the house on which were written ―keep off‖.At night they made a fire to keep wild animals off.17.masses of…
该词组意为―大量的‖,与lots of 相同,后接可数名词或不可数名词。如:They saved masses of money by improving
technology.a mass of…意为―一大堆……‖,―一大片……‖。
18.…as it is
该固定词组表达意思是―就以(现在)这个样子,‖―根据现在的情况‖。如:He decided to buy the house as it is.19.at war
该介宾词组意思是―处于战争或交战状态‖。在句中常作表语。如:
The U.S.A.and Iraq are at war again.20.fall to pieces
该短语意为―垮台‖,―崩溃‖,―倒塌‖,―解体‖。如:
①Most buildings fell to pieces in the earthquake in this city.②Most organizations fell to pieces after political reform.21.burst into tears
该动宾短语,理解的重点是不及物动词burst的意思及其分词或副词连用的结构形式和意思。
burst是及物动词或不及物动词,意为―(使)爆破‖,―胀破‖。如:
①He put too much air into the balloon and it burst.②The funny joke made the children burst their sides with laughing.burst由原意引伸出表示空发性的动作,意为―突然发生‖,―突然发作‖。常构成一些短语,如:
burst into tears/laughter(突然大哭/大笑)
burst into song(突然唱起歌来)burst into angry speech(大发雷庭)
burst into bloom(开花)
burst into view/sight(景象,奇观的)突然出现
burst into the room(闯入房间)burst out/forth laughing(捧腹大笑)burst out/forth crying(突然大哭)
如:On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.22.so long as
so long as = as long as 作为词组有两层意思,一是―只要‖(=on condition that),引导条件状语从句;二是―在……的时候‖(=while),引导时间状语从句。如:
You shall never enter this house as /so long as I live in it.另外,so/as long as 还可构成同级比较句型。as long as 可用于肯定句和否定句中,而so long as 只用于否定句中。
如:
①This rope is as long as that one.②I can‘t walk so long distance as you.23.to be honest
该固定词组意为―老实说‖,是动词不定式结构,与―to tell the truth‖同义,它常用来表达某人的期望。如:
To be honest, I didn‘t go there.24.take charge
该词组意为―掌管‖,―负责‖,常与of介词连用,后接宾语,与―be responsible for‖同意。如: Betty took charge of all the preparations for the exhibition sales.25.like crazy
这是一个固定词组,口语用语,意为―疯狂地‖,―拼命地‖。如:
In order to finish his work on time, he worked like crazy.crazy是个形容词,意为―狂热的‖,―醉心的‖,与about连用。如:
Most youths are crazy about famous stars.26.but for
该短语介词意为―要不是……‖,后接名词(=without + n.),but for…短语相当于一个虚拟条件句,因此,句中谓语动
词用虚拟语气。如:
The boy would have drowned but for your help.如果接的是句子,but for要换用成but that… 如:
He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.(= if it had not been the fact that he was…)
27.on the point of…
该短语常在句中作表语,意为―正要(去做某事)‖,意思相当于be about to do sth.。如:
We were on the point of calling him up when he came.对于point名词应掌握它的用法如下:
①if/when it comes to the point如果/当时机到来(时)如:
When it comes to the point,he refused to help.②from sb.‘s point of view从某人的角度来看 如:
Try to look at school from the child‘s point of view.三、精典名题导解
题1(上海 2001)
A computer can only do __________ you have instructed it to do.A.how B.after C.what D.when
分析:C。该题考查引导宾语从句的连接词的用法。how 和when可作连接副词引导宾语从句,并在从句中作状语。what为连接代词,意思是―……的‖,既引导宾语从句,又在该句中作及物动词do的宾语。
题2(NMET 1999)
—Hey, look where you are going!—Oh, I‘m terribly sorry.___________.A.I‘m not noticing B.I wasn‘t noticing C.I haven‘t noticed D.I don‘t notice
分析:B。这是一道难题。用过去进行时表示说话前不久的短暂的行为,即
―刚才没注意到‖。这种用法很少用疑问句中。
题3(NMET 1998)
—Hi, Tracy, you look tired.—I‘m tired.I__________ the living room all day.A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted
分析:C。从题干中I am tired和all day 这一时间状语,不难看出该空的时态应用现在完成进行时,表明―我一整天
在油漆起居室‖。
题4(NMET 2000春)
—You‘re drinking too much.—Only at home.No one___________ me but you.A.it seeing B.had seen C.sees D.saw
分析:C。这是一道考查一般现在时的用法的题。这一时刻往往是很短暂的,本题中指对话时的动作。
题5(MET 1992)
—Do you know our town at all? —No.This is the first time I ________ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming
分析:B。此题考的是―That/This/It is the first/second…time + that从句‖这一固定句式,that从句里面用现在完成时,若将is 改成was则从句用过去完成时。
题6(NMET 1998)
Shirley __________ a book about China last year but I don‘t know whether she has finished it.A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing
分析:D。根据时间状语last year和后达的―是否完成‖判断,应用过去进行时。
题7(NMET 1997)
I first met Lisa three years ago.She _________ at a radio at that time.A.has worked B.was working
C.had been working D.had worked
分析:B。由时间状语three years ago 和at that time判断,此题应用过去进行时。
题8(NMET 1995)
—Your phone number again? I _________quite catch it.—It‘s 9563442
A.didn‘t B.couldn‘t C.don‘t D.can‘t
分析:A。根据again一词来推断,对方已说了一遍电话号码,所以是―刚才‖没听清,应用过去时,而couldn‘t 表示
―不能够‖,不合题意。
题9(NMET 1992)
—We could have walked to the station, it was so near.—Yes.A taxi________ at all necessary.A.wasn‘t B.hadn‘t been C.wouldn‘t D.won‘t
分析:A。could have walked 意为―本可以步行去‖。由此推断并没有步行去,再看下句可知,不是―步行‖而是坐出租
车去的车站,动作已发生,故用过去时。
题10(上海 2001)
_____________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered
分析:A。该题考查非谓语动词的用法。动词不定式表示将来发生的动作;现在分词的一般式说明分词的动作或状态和句子谓语的动作或状态同时发生或进行;现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前发生,试题中现在分词完成式就是这种用法,故最佳答案是A。
高三英语复习教案(5)
(SB3-units9-10)
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
fortunate, require, steady, glance, gain, actual, loose, pause, aloud , calm, flight, reception
2.短语
keep one‘s balance 保持平衡 catch on 绊住,钩住 require sth.of sb.对某人要求…… lose one‘s voice 失音;噪子哑
do/perform gymnastics做/表演体操 in actual fact 事实上
in a flash 一刹那间 hold out 伸出(手等);坚持
the moment 一……就…… break off 打断;折断
glance over the shoulder回头一瞥;回望一眼
for fear that 恐怕的是……以防
3.句型
It was time for her performance on the high and low bars.He recognized me the moment/minute/instant/immediately/directly/as soon as he saw me.Something may have happened to her.It is not like her to have missed two days of class.On his arrival he went straight to the counter.4.语法
复习主谓一致和宾语从句。
复习间接引语。
二、考点精析与拓展
1.Something may have happened to her.She might have had an accident.两句中都用的―情态动词may/might +完成时‖的结构,有以下用法:
①may/might + have + 过去分词表示推测过去某动作―可能‖发生了。如:
I can‘t find my sunglasses, I may/might have left them at the
restaurant yesterday.一般来说,may和might两者意思上没什么区别,只是may比might表示的可能性大些。如:
He may have heard of it from Jack.He might have heard of it from Jack.在下列情况下,may和might 用法有区别:
句子的主要动词是现在时,间接引语中用may/might;句子的主要动词是过去时,间接引语中只用might.如:
He says that she may/might have misunderstood him.He said that she might have misunderstood him.②might + have + 过去分词,表示对本来可能发生而实际并未发生的动作的感叹或遗憾含有―责备‖、―抱怨‖之意,而
may + 完成时无此含义。如:
You might have told us earlier.This medicine might have cured your cough
2.must + have + 过去分词
表示推测过去某动作―一定发生了‖。如:
—They quarrelled quite often and whenever they quarrelled they threw glasscup at each other.—They must have broken a lot of glasses.3.fall over意为―跌倒‖,―跌跤‖。如:
When he was skating, he fell over some times.4.It was in Greece that Olympic competitions started.这是强调句型,其结构为:It be + 被强调部分+that-clause.该句型可以对一个句子里的主语、宾语、状语(介短或从
句)进行强调。
5.n.+ being performed in China.该结构中being performed 是动记号-ing形式的被动语态,在一句子中用在名词之后,作定语。它常可改写成一个定
语从句。如:
The prices of the TV sets being shown(= which are shown)are still unknown.6.prepare sb.for…
该短语意为―使某人对……进行准备‖。如:
Mother is preparing me for my journey.prepare 作为动词,既是及物动词,又是不及物动词且常与for连用。如:
Mother asked my sister to prepare lunch.7.preform exercises to music.短语意为―伴随音乐做体操‖,从中可知―do sth.to music‖判决书为―伴随音乐做某事‖。如:
She likes dancing to music.她喜欢随着音乐跳舞。
8.There are safety measures to follow while training.该句意为―训练时必须遵守安全措施‖,这句话里应注意两点:
①while training 是从属连词与分词连用,在句子中做时间状语。结构―when/while +-ing 或过去分词短语‖的使用条
件是:
when/while 从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同。如:
You should have dropped in on me when staying here.除了when/while 外,其他的从属连词如if,as if, though, as
before,after等,也有这样的用法。如:
If heated, ice can be turned into water.②to follow 是不定式做定语,修饰名词measures,是主动表被动。在There be 句型中,用不定式做的定语时,即就是不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系,也常用不定式的主动语态形式。如:
There is a lot of work to do.9.think to oneself
该动宾词组意为―心里想‖。如:
She was thinking to herself how cold the room was.Think aloud意为―自言自语‖(=talk to oneself)。如:
He stood there with his lips moving as if he talked to
himself/thought aloud.10.the moment主语 +V。
此结构中,the moment 用作连词,引导一时间状语从句,意为―一……就……‖(=as soon as)。相同意思和用法的表达形式还有:the minute, the instant 和the second。如:
Telephone me the moment you get the results.11.break off
该短语动词的意思是―中断说话‖,―暂时停止‖。如:
He broke off in the middle of a sentence.break sth.off/break off sth.with sb.前者意为―(使)折断‖,后者意为―与某人突然断绝(关系)‖。如:
The mast broke off /was broken off when the ship was moving.12.be busy doing sth.该结构意为―忙于做某事‖。应注意的是be busy 后只能接动词-ing形式,不能接动词不定式to do,相同结构的形容词
还有worth。如:
①He is busy writing his composition.②She keeps busy working on a new novel these weeks.③This book is well worth seeing.13.The first thing she did was go up to her trainer…and thank her…
该句中,go up to…是动词不定式短语作表语,省略了不定式符号to,这是因为主句的主语被定语从句she did修饰的缘故。语法规定,解释doing 精确意思的分句,可用不带to 的动词不定式。如:
What I can do is(to)help him(to)clean the floor.14.at the doctor‘s
该结构为介词+名词所有格,意为―在诊所‖。所有格-‘s后一般接名词,如her mother‘s bike ,但有时这个名词可省略,主要表现在以下两个方面:
①指一个企业,机构,教堂,学校,医院,家庭,理发店,店铺时。如:
She is at the hairdresser‘s.②为了避免重复,省略-‘s后的名词。如:
I have read some of Shaw‘s plays,but none of Shakespeare‘s.15.knock into
该短语意为―把……敲人‖,也可意译为―撞着某人/某物‖如:
①The wall is so hard I can‘t knock nails into it.②He was reading while he eas walking and knocked into a tree.16.it looks as if…
意为―看起来好像……‖,as if可用as though替换,在此引导表语从句,另外它们也可引导状语从句,从句既可用陈
述语气,也可用虚拟语气。如:
①It looks as if /though it‘s going to rain.(陈述语气)
②You look as if you‘d seen a ghost.(虚拟语气)
17.It‘s(just)like sb.to do sth.该句意思是―某人(恰恰)就是……这个样子‖,表示赞扬或不满;若用否定式,则表示怀疑。如:
It is just like her to think of others before thinking of herself.18.in a flash
该介宾词组意为―转眼间‖,―突然间‖,―瞬间。‖如:
In a flash.I realized where we had met before.19.on one‘s arrival…
该词组意为―一到达……就……‖(= on arriving…)。如:
On her arrival she helped me to prepare supper.20.with fear
该介词短语意为―由于害怕‖,with + n.有时用来表示原因,其中的n.常是表示情感的名词。
如:Her face turned pale with fear.21.by name
该介宾词组的意思是―名叫……‖;―凭名字‖。如:
①He met a man, John by name.②I knew him only by name.22.Training by yourself in a game can be highly dangerous.句中情态动词can,表示一时的情况,意为―有时侯会……‖。
can的这种用法,只用在肯定句中。如:
Children are lovely, but they can be tiring.23.They each… on three pieces of equipment as well as the floor.此句中,equipment是不可数名词,意为―装备、器械‖,无复数形式。使用时它不能与不定冠词、基数词连用。当表达数量概念时,其表达式为:工/基数词 + piece(s)+of+equipment。
类似的名词还有:machinery, clothing, furniture, jewelry等。
24.it was clear that –clause
该句型是用it作形式主语,that-clause主语从句放在了后边,注意区别:―it is/was clearly that主语 + V…‖这是强调
句型。如:
It is clear that he passed the exam.25.twelve more steps
此结构掌握的重点twelve与more间的位置关系,意为―再有12个台阶‖。如:
We must climb twelve more steps to the top.基数词 + more + n.s.= another + 基数词 + n.s.如:
There are 3 more chairs /another 3 chairs for dinner.三、精典名题导解
题1(NMET 1999)
____________him and then try to copy what he does.A.Mind B.Glance at C.Stare at D.Watch
分析:D。四个选项的英文解释如下:①mind:take care of or look
after ②glance at:give a rapid look ③stare at:look fixedly with wide open eyes,as in wonder, fear or deep thought ④watch:attend carefully to sb.or sb‘s action 从原句中的try to copy what he does 可知。
题2(上海 2001春)
It was for this reason____________her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.A.which B.why C.that D.how
分析:C。for this reason 是一个完整部分,去掉It was和空白处,句意完整,只不过语序发生了变化。因此该题测
试的是强调句型的用法。
题3(NMET 2000)
It is the ability to do the job_____________matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.it
分析:B。关键词为matters.此词为动词的谓语形式,故此题不是一个简单句,该句又不是名词性从句,故可排除A、D、C,实际上这是一个强调句型。
题4(NMET 2001春)
—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
—Yes.I gave it to her__________I saw her.A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.once
分析:B。C、D为副词,不能引导状语从句。while必须与延续性动词连用,而saw为终止性动词。
高三英语复习教案(6)
(SB3-units11-12)
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
greedy, court, mercy, desire, greeting, comfort, troublesome, relation, downtown , hibernate , suit, fairly
2.短语
at the mercy of 在……的支配下 play the role of 扮演……角色
do the deed 付诸行动;生效
take pride in 以……自豪;对……得意
according to 根据……
on condition that 条件是……;在……条件下
at the time of 在……时侯 lie in 在于
a couple of weeks 两个星期 large quantities of 大量;许多
make use of 利用 far below 远远低于
3.句型
She dressed herself as a lawyer‘s clerk.I offer you six times what you have just offered.I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.You shall get justice.It‘s silly of sb.to do sth.He has no choice but to cry.I‘d come to if I had time to spare.4.语法
复习动词不定式。
二、考点精析与拓展
1.make a promise
该动词短语意为―允诺‖,其中的promise为名词,与它搭配的词组还有keep one‘s promise(守信)等。如:
He‘s always making promises and then breaking them.Promise 也可是动词(vt.& vi.)意为―允诺‖,―答应‖。
所用动词句型为:
promise to do sth(不定式作宾语)promise sb.to do sth.(后接双宾语)
promise(sb)that – clause(that-clause为宾语从句)
如:①He promises me to buy a bike for my birthday gift.②He promises me that he will buy a bike for my birthday gift.2.pretend to be a lawyer
该结构中pretend 意为―装扮‖,―装假‖,后跟不定式或宾语从句。其中不定式(有时态变化)是试题中的重点考查
形式。如:
When mother came in, be pretended to be writing.3.have mercy on/upon sb.该短语意为―宽恕(或可怜)某人‖,类似的词组还有show mercy to sb.。
He always has mercy on the poor.at the mercy of …任由……摆布,在……的掌握中。
如:They were lost at sea,at the mercy of the winds and the waves.4.go down on one‘s knees 双膝跪地
go down on one knee单膝跪地
如:①The son went down on his knees, begging his father for
mercy.②Some football players celebrate their―goal‖by going down
on one knee.5.play the role of…
该短语意为―扮演……角色‖(=play a part of…)。如:
In this film he will play the role of a policeman.6.x times + n.通过结构,应掌握英语里表示倍数的表达句型。
①A is x times the size(height, length, width…)of B.②A is x times as big(high,long, wide…)as B.③A is x times + adj.-er than B.④The size(height, length, width…)of A is x times that of B.如:The meeting-room is three times the size of our office.The size of the meeting-room is three times that of our office.7.when you show none
此句中掌握的重点是when的用法,现分述如下:
①when在本句中,相当于if,引导条件状语从句,意为―既然‖。如:
How can I help them to understand when they won‘t listen to
me?
②when意为―当……的时候‖,―在……时‖,引导时间状语从句。
③when是并列连词(=and then)意为―就在这/那时‖,连接两个句子。如:We are about to go to city when it is raining.8.so young a body
说明:在一个带有形容词的名词词组中,不定冠词a/an 通常放在adj.的前面。但是,如果adj.前有so, too, how,quite时,a/an应放 adj.的后面。其结构是:so/too/how/quite+adj.+a/an +n.。如:
①He is so good a student.②It is too difficult a job for me.9.be seated
意为―坐下‖(=sit down),是正式用语,而sit down是非正式用语。如:Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.10.take…in one‘s arms 该结构意为―拥抱‖。如:
He went into classroom, taking some books in his arms.11.be in love with sb.该短语意为―爱上某人‖,其中的be可用fall替换,即fall in love with sb.也意为―爱上某人‖。如:
Henry was/fell in love with Mary.make love to sb.向某人示爱
12.on one condition
该介词短语意为―规定一个条件‖。如:
He allowed me to do it on one condition.on condition that这是一短语连词(=only if),引导条件状语从句。如:I‘ll give you the day off on condition that you work
on
Saturday morning.13.a driving permit
该词组意为―驾驶执照‖,词组里permit是名词,意为―许可证‖,―执照‖。如:
You won‘t get into the conference hall without a permit.14.help to do sth.该动宾结构意为―有助于干某事‖,且不定式符号to 可以省略,即构成help do sth.的表达形式。如:
①This book helps to understand this question.②Exercises help build up.15.far below + n.该词组意为―远远低于‖,―比……低得多‖,其中far是副词,用以加强语气。如:
The production of this factory was far below the normal level last year.16.show off
该短语动词意为―炫耀‖,而show sb./sth.off意为―显示……的优点‖。如:
He is a man who is always showing off.由show 构成的短语动词有:
show up出现/出席,显眼
show…over/round带……参观
show…in领……进入;show…out领/送……出去
如:Only three of the people we invited to the party didn‘t show up.17.keep up
该短语动词有以下现象,分述如下:
①keep sth.up使不低落,遵守
如:Even if we fail we should keep up our spirits.②keep sb.up使晚睡
如:It‘s wrong to keep the children up so late.③keep up with sb.赶上,不落后,保持联系
如:I still keep up with my college classmates far away.我仍与远方的大学同学保持着联系。
18.have no choice but to do sth.该结构意为―别无选择的干……‖ 如:You have no choice but to obey me.19.more than
该词组意为―不仅仅是‖,―不只是‖。
如:Flag is more than a piece of cloth.It stands for a state.More than 与one 连用,构成词组more than one 后接单数的名词和动词。如:
More than one person is going to lose his job.20.lie in
短语动词lie in 意为―在于‖。如:
The way out lies in the development of educati8on.21.make use of
该短语动词意为―利用‖,其中use 前可被good,the best, much,little no修饰。如:
You must make good use of any opportunities you have of practi-
sing English.以 use为核心,组成的词组有:
in use 在使用中;out of use(目前)不使用
come into use 开始被使用;go out of use 不再使用。
三、精典名题导解
题1(上海 1999)
We all know that __________speak louder than words.A.movements B.performances C.operations D.actions
分析:D。Actions speak louder than words.是谚语,意为―行动胜于空谈‖。
题2(NMET 1997)
I would love __________to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone
分析:B。表达未曾实现的愿望。
题3(NMET 1992)
Little Jim should love _____________to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
分析:A。表示将来的意愿,little Jim是动词take 的承受者,故应用不定式的被动式。
题4(NMET 1999)
Robert is said ___________abroad, but I don‘t know which country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying
分析:A。根据语意判断,Rorbert在国外留学已结束,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语之前。
题5(NMET 2001春)
___________late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm clock.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept
分析:A。句意为―为了早上多睡会儿,Bob关了闹钟‖。所以不能选B、D,又因为该句不是祈使句,不能用动词原
形形式,即不能选择C。
题6(上海 1999)
—Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? —___________enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be getting
分析:C。因为下句为表示目的的句子,即相当于in order to。
题7(上海 2001春)
Sandy could do nothing but ____________to his , teacher that he was wrong.A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.to admit 分析:A。do nothing but + 不带to的不定式。
高三英语复习教案(7)
(SB3-units13-14)
一、考点精析与拓展
1.now that;due to;because of;owing to;since;as
now that作―既然‖讲时,相当于since。now that中的that 可省去。如:Now(that)you are well again, you can travel, 你
既然恢复了健康,就能够旅行了。
due to作 ―起因于、归功于‖时,常作表语或跟在名词后,如:
His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.他的失败源于他缺少经验。
Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious results.粗枝大叶造成的错误可能带来严重后果。
The team‘s success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
because of―由于、因为‖,在句中作状语或表语。如:
Lincoln is admired because of his good leadership.林肯由于其出色的领导而受到人们的赞赏。
His anger is because of your bad deeds.他是因你的失礼行为而生气。
owing to―由于、因为‖,常在现代英语中与because of, due to换用。如:
Owing to unfavourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.由于天气不好,我不能把它进行下去。
2.combine;connect;join;unite 此组动词意为―联合、连接‖。
combine意为―结合、联合‖,指为了某一目的而把两事物结合在一起。如:
We must combine theory with practice.我们必须把理论和实践联系起来。
He combines botany with chemistry.他把植物学和化学联系起来了。
connect―连接‖,指用东西把两事物连接在一起,或两事物直接相连,二者仍保持原状。
The two cities are connected by a railway.两座城市由铁路相连。
He connected the gas stove with gas pipe.他把煤气和接在煤气炉上。
join意为―连接‖,指以线、绳、桥等把两物或两地连接在一起,和connect意思相近,也可指两物互相紧密相接。如:
We had better join the island to the mainland with a steel bridge.我们最好建一座钢筋桥把这个岛与大陆连接起来。
Where does this stream join the Changjiang River?这条河和长江在哪里会合?
unite意为―联合‖,指两种以上的事物结合为一体,有合二为一的意味,强调结合后的统一性。
The two companies will unite into one.这两家公司将合并成一家。
The whole family united to help him.全家齐心协力帮助他。
3.repair;mend
repair指将受损、故障、用旧之物修理好,如用于修补机械方面的东西多用repair。如:
Ask him to repair my watch/TV set.请他给我修一下手表/电视机。
The garage charged forty dollars to repair the car.修车行修理这辆车收了四十美元。
repair还可作―弥补、补偿‖讲。如:
How can I repair the damage I have caused?我怎样才能弥补我造成的损失?
I‘d like to repair our differences.我想我们应该重归于好。
mend指将打破、撕碎或用坏之物修补完整,―缝补衣服‖多用mend。如:
His clothes need mending.他的衣服该补了。
She mended the broken jar with cement.她用水泥把破碎的缸补好了。mend 还可意为―改正、纠正、治愈、使恢复健康‖等。如:
The prisoner is mending his way.囚犯在改过自新。
It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢,犹未为晚。
4.worth;worthy
两者均是形容词,意思是―值得……的‖,用法如下:
(1)worthy可以作定语,worth不能。例如:
a worthy rival值得较量的对手
(2)worth后面直接跟名词(多为表示钱或代价的名词),其作用相当于介词;worthy后面接名词时须与of连用(一般不接表示钱的名词)。例如:This second-hand book is worth 100 dollars.这本旧书值100美元。
His deed is worthy of praise.他的事迹值得赞扬。
(3)worth后面可直接跟动名词的主动结构;worthy后接动名词的被动结构,且须与of连用,worthy后也可接不
定式的被动式。例如:
This book is worth reading./ This b