山西教师招聘：高中英语语法“if”从句的用法教学设计

第一篇：山西教师招聘：高中英语语法“if”从句的用法教学设计

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山西教师招聘：高中英语语法“if”从句的用法教学设计

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Teaching Aims:

Knowledge aim: Students can know the basic rules of subjective mood, and build up a network of the grammar.Ability aim: Students can use the subjective mood correctly and flexibly in different situations.Emotional aims: Students can develop a sense of cooperation and be ready to overcome difficulties in study.Teaching Key Points: Students can sue the subjective mood correctly.Teaching Difficult Points: Help students to understand and learn how to use the subjective mood in their real life.Teaching Methods: Communicative teaching approach;Situational teaching method Teaching Aids: Multi-media Teaching Procedures: Step 1 Warming-up: Sing the song “If You Are Happy ”

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Step 2 Presentation: Set 3 situations to show some sentences and lead students to do a summary.Situation1：I am a fan of Justin Bibber.I am going to the concert held by Justin.Now I image…

If I had his voice, I would sing from morning till night;If I sang as well as him, I would sing a song for you now;If I were Justin Bibber, I would hold a concert for you.Situation2: A week ago, Justin Bibber held a concert in Hong Kong, I didn’t buy a ticket in advance, so I had to wait for hours to buy it.It suddenly rained heavily.Unluckily, I didn’t take my umbrella.At that time, I was thinking…

If I had bought a ticket in advance, I wouldn’t have waited so long;If I had taken an umbrella with me, I wouldn’t have been wet all over.Situation3: After the concert, I took a taxi home.Unluckily, I found I had left my wallet and keys in the taxi, I was very worried.But very soon, the taxi driver returned my bag to me, and he left hurriedly before I could thank him.I wish…

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If I were to see him, I might give him 500RMB as a reward;If I should see someone in help, I would give him a hand without a second thought.Summary: Concept: Subjective is to express the speaker’s wishes or hypothesis, not facts.更多内容，一起来看看山西特岗教师真题是如何设置的！

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第二篇：高中英语语法教学设计 定语从句

高中英语语法教学设计：定语从句讲解与练习

定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常

出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。

18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）

18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

判断改错：

（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

18.5 介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it 答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

as 的用法

例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

18.7 先行词和关系词二合一

1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）

2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here.你要的动词都送来了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。2）who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：

（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。

（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。3）that 和 what

当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。

What we need is more practice.我们需要的是更多的实践。

18.9 关系代词that 的用法 1）不用that的情况

a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：

（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介词后不能用。例如：

We depend on the land from which we get our food.我们依赖土地获得食物。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。定语从句练习:

1.This is the train ____ we went to Shanghai.A.by which B.by that C.whose D.where 2.--Have you ever been to Rome?

--No, but that's the city________.A.where I most like to visit B.I'd most like to visit

C.which I like to visit most D.where I'd like most to visit 3.He keeps a record of everything

he had seen there.A.he

B.that

C.which

D.what

4.Mr.John said that Suzhou was the first city

he had visited in China.A.that

B.where

C.which

D.what

5.The TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this year.A.which

B.what

C.whose

D.that 6.Is this the museum you visited the other day?

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one 7.This is the very film

I've long wished to see.A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom

8.There is no difficulty

can't be overcome in the world.A.that

B.which

C.who

D.what

9.Who is the person

is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whom

10.As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ______they can not work out.A.that B.if C.in order that D.as

11.The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery（托儿所）.A.that

B.where

C.what

D.when

12.This is the last time

I shall come here to help you.A.that

B.which

C.when

D.what

13.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whom 14.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him whit the way _________-he behaves.A.which

B.what

C.／

D.how 15.This is the baby

tomorrow.A.after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after

C.whose I shall look after D.after whom I shall look after 16.She was no longer the woman

she was.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.her 17.That's the hotel last year.A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed 18.The doctor did all to save the wounded boy.A.what he could B.That he could

C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 19.Anyone

this opinion may speak out.A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 20.The place

you are standing used to be an old church.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when 21.You've made the same mistake you made last time.A.as

B.like

C.which

D.that

22.It is not such an interesting magazine

I thought.A.as

B.that

C.which

D.／ 23.you know, he is a famous musician.A.As

B.which

C.That

D.／

24.Mr Zhou，native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.A.whose

B.his

C.which

D.that

25.I took my friend to the Summer Palace，we had some photos taken.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.／ 26.Do you remember the day your sister graduated as a Master of Arts? A.which B.on which C.about which

D.／

27.The bus, was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.A.which of most

B.most of which C.which of the most D.most of that 28.We all remember the days we studied together at school.A.which B.that C.when D.／

29.Do you know the reason

he didn't come? A.that

B.which

C.for

D.why

30.He is the only one of the three got the new idea.A.who have B.whom have C.who has D.whose had 31.I'm one of the students well in English in my class.A.who does

B.who do

C.which does

D.who did 32．-Have you read the books?

-Yes, I’ve read all the books _____ you gave me.A.which B.what C.that D.who

33.This is the very place _____ the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over sixty years ago.A.that B.which C.where D.there

34.That young girl is not the one _____ she used to be.A.that B.who C.whom D.what

35.He has four dogs, the biggest _____ is called Wang Wang.A.that B.about which C.of which D.which

36.The old lady had one son and two daughters, _____ treated her well, ____ made her very sad.A.all of them;which B.none of whom;which C.both of whom;which D.neither of whom;that

37.The hard-working farmers and their happy life_____ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us.A.whom B.who C.which D./ 38.The young fellow standing under the tree, ____ is good at English, is from Beijing.A.who B.which C.when D.that

39.We visited the factory _____ makes toys for children.A.where B.which C.in which D.at which

40.They said that the host had enough glasses for each guest, _____ were handed down from his grandfather.A.who B.that C.which D.Whose 41.This is all_____I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.which D.whether 42.This is the job _____they laughed.A.which B.that C.at that D.at which

第三篇：高中英语语法定语从句小结

定语从句

1.① 关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）

A.从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词一致

one of +动词复数-------He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai

the only one +动词单数-------He is the only one of the students who has been to ShanghaiB.who/whom

介词放在句尾，二者都可用------This is the girl(who/whom)we have been looking for.C.whose=of which

The classroomare broken is unoccupied.The classroomare broken is unoccupied.D.介词+关系代词

⑴v.+prep.which he had been⑵n.+prep.They are still living in the little house ’ve been⑶adj.+prep.The woker E.只用that

⑴.先行词是最高级、序数词

⑵.先行词是all,some/any/no/every+thing ,none

或only,any,few,little,no,all,none of,the very+先行词

⑶.先行词既有人又有物

⑷.who/which…….that…..?

⑸…… which…….that……

② 关系副词(when,where,why)

A.when=on which

先行词：occasion

B.where=in which

先行词：case,point,situation,condition,stage

C.why=for which

先行词：reason

2.A． when=and thenwhere=and there

B． as/which

(1)as在句前、句中、句后------which在句后

(2)非限制性定语从句放在主句之后，用as

定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，用which---He came here very late, which was unexpected

(3)As anybody can see

As we had expected

As often happens

As has been said before

As is mentioned above

As I understand

As appears

(4)As+被动语态------Which+主动语态

第四篇：高中英语语法总结-定语从句

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高中英语语法总结大全之定语从句

定语从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。

限制性和非限制性定语从句

1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了

三遍。

3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

as, which非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he

答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法

例1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

what/whatever/that...1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

关系代词that的用法

1）不用that的情况

a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e)先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察

第五篇：山西教师招聘《兰亭集序》教学设计

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山西教师招聘《兰亭集序》教学设计

通过山西教师招聘网可以了解到2016年山西教师招聘最新考试动态，一般山西教师招聘有笔试和面试两个重要环节，笔试科目为《教育基础理论》和《学科专业知识》，面试以试讲、说课等形式考察，山西教师考试网整理了山西教师招聘真题供考生备考学习。

一、教学目标

(1)知识与能力：了解序文的写作特点，掌握“修、期、次、致”等实词的意义。(2)过程与方法：①通过朗读品味，理清文章的结构思路，感受文章精炼优美、朴素清新的语言;②体会文章叙议结合的艺术特色。

(3)情感态度与价值观：①体会作者对大自然的热爱以及字里行间表现出来的旷达胸怀;②了解兰亭宴集的起因、经过，理解作者在文中由喜到悲的感情变化，认识作者深沉感叹中所蕴涵的积极情绪。

二、教学方法：诵读法、组织讨论法、点拨归纳法。

三、教学过程(一)导入课文

一位哲人说过：“人，诗意地栖居在大地上。”诗意地生活，是一种对人间、对世界怀着美好的愿望和情感的生活，是生活在精神的自由和心灵的和谐之中，生活在艺术和诗意的氤氲之中。著名书法家王羲之又是以怎样的人生态度去面对生活的呢?今天，就让我们品读《兰亭集序》，去触摸他那一段不寻常的心路历程吧!(二)知识积累

1.了解序的的体裁特点以及关于序的体裁常识(教学方式：讲授法，教师多媒体展示介绍)山西中公教师考试网祝您备考成功！点击查看山西教师资格真题

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2.合作探究

(1)试读，正音，学生齐读课文，老师正音并指出需注意的句读。如：

会于/会稽山阴/之兰亭 此地/有/崇山峻岭 仰观/宇宙之大，俯察/品类之盛

固知/一/死生/为虚诞，齐/彭殇/为/妄作(2)粗读，正意

指读，每位同学各读一段。同学们借助工具书，课本注释粗知句意。以训练式，分类归纳古汉语知识。投影显示：

①一词多义：修，期，次，致 ②句式积累： 死生亦大矣(判断句)固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作(判断句)(众人)会于会稽山阴之兰亭(省略主语，状语后置句)又有清流激湍，映带(于)左右(省略介词)悟言(于)一室之内;或因寄所托，放浪(于)形骸之外(省略介词)当其欣于所遇(“于所遇”介词结构后置)不能喻之于怀(“于怀”介词结构后置)亦将有感于斯文(“于斯文”介词结构后置)(三)整体感知

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1.学生利用工具书疏通课文

2.自读全文，从每段中找出体现作者情感的词，并概括要点 明确：

第1、2段：记叙宴集盛况(乐)第3段：抒发宴会后的人生感慨(痛)第4段：交代作序的目的(悲)教师总结：全文由乐而生痛，言痛而生感，终了而言悲，全文感情起伏，情真意切。(四)深入研读

教师点拨：本文语言洗练，清新有致，需细细品味，对特别优美的景语、情语、叙事之语，更要用心品味，对景语、叙事之语，要边品味边展开想象和联想。

1.研读第1.2段

老师：清自读课文，思考：第1.2段概述了兰亭集会的情况，说说作者为什么会有“信可乐也”的感受? 学生讨论回答，教师归纳明确：王实甫的《西厢记》里唱到“良辰美景奈何天，赏心悦事谁家院”，说明人生有四大美事：良辰、美景、赏心、乐事。本文四美俱全，足可也。

①良辰：暮春之初

农历一、二、三月为春季，暮春自然是三月，南北朝丘迟在《与陈伯之书》中说：“暮春三月，江南草长，杂花生树，群莺乱飞”相以江南之美景、故国之思激发屈膝事敌的陈伯之幡然悔悟。可见暮春三月是人间一段最美的时光。又因为修禊，可知是三日，古人在这一天举行祈福消灾的仪式，这又是一个多么吉祥美好的日子啊!②美景：

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兰亭地处“会稽山阴”，即当时的会稽郡山阴县距离城西二十余里有个名兰渚的胜境，此地“有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映带左右”，主体是山水。其山如何?“崇”与“峻”是本色形容，而“茂林修竹”四字遂赋予山岭盎然生气;其水如何?“清”与“激”亦为本色形容，而“映带左右”四字方使流水神采飞动。再看天气，“是日也，天朗气清，惠风和畅”，天宇清朗，和风吹拂：在这里没有“草长莺飞”春意闹，也没有“姹紫红开遍”的艳丽，只有清风拂面，水声泠泠;在这里物我同化，是非顿消，心境澄明。信可乐也。

③乐事：

“修禊事也”。当地风俗：这一天人们无论贵贱老幼，都要到河畔、溪边，用凉水洗脸，意即涤除尘垢，以驱除不祥，祈求安福。当时王羲之正任会稽内史(相当于太守)，他邀集司徒谢安、司马孙绰等诗人名流以及儿子微之、操之和十岁的献之等共四十一人，真可谓“群贤毕至，少长咸集”。杜枚诗云“大抵南朝多旷达，可怜东晋最风流”，这里“群贤”不是浮泛奉承之辞，他们热爱自然，轻忽世俗得失人为礼仪，有高远情操，直率任性，表明诸子与己意气相投。有道是“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎?”否则，虽有良辰美景也不足为乐。

当然更乐的事不在修禊，而在于作曲水流觞之饮。将他们的赋诗的一句找出： “引以为流觞曲水，列坐其次，虽无丝竹管弦之盛，一觞一咏亦足以畅叙幽情。” 请对照注解来看这句话：

众人陶醉在自然美景之中，尽情尽意，欢声笑语，久久不绝，以致感到人为的管弦之声亦属多余了。

教师：打开幻灯片——明·文徽明《流觞赋诗图》，带领学生一起欣赏感受。④赏心：

此情此景，作者感到赏心悦目，他是如何表达的? 山西中公教师考试网祝您备考成功！点击查看山西教师资格真题

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学生：“仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛，所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。”

教师：仰观宇宙，俯察万物，是极视觉之娱;竹木萧萧，流水潺潺，是尽听觉之乐。但最令人快乐的还不在于此，是什么?是游目骋怀。如何理解“游目骋怀”?

明确：

游：鱼在水中叫游，人自由在地观赏也是游，如游览;骋：驰骋，自由奔放的联想、想象，因而可以突破时空的局限。我们在仰观俯察的时候，也是游目骋怀的时候，我们是超脱的空灵的美妙的，我们观察，最后落实的是娱乐，表现的是热爱现世生活，是在自然美的感召下抒发自己的情怀，这便是所谓山水诗的兴起了。这种娱乐式的交流，正开始于魏晋时的文人，从他们的开始，自然已不是见山是山，见水是水了，而是可娱可乐，可歌可咏的了。所以王羲之笔下写竹，只言其修而弃其绿，写水,只言其清而弃其碧，这是色调的淡雅。

教师总结：兰亭宴集，可谓良辰，美景，赏心，乐事四美齐臻，但这种愉悦之情仅以“信可乐也”四字表出，笔势始终从容，这是心境的淡雅，是作者的情性的体现。

2.研读第3段

教师：自读第3段，用自己的话概括本段的中心问题。学生：文章第3段议论的中心问题是生死观问题。

教师：自读第3段，了解作者心境变化，在谈论到生死问题时，作者的情感为何会由“乐”转而为“痛”呢?(学生立足文本发表见解，最后教师归纳)明确：作者写出宴会之乐，实际是为下文的议论服务、作铺垫。作者由开始时“信可乐也”的感觉，联想到人的两种不同生存状态，尽管性格不同，好恶各异，但是“当欣于所山西中公教师考试网祝您备考成功！点击查看山西教师资格真题

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遇，暂得于己，快然自足”，都会陶醉于一时的快乐中，追求暂时的满足。但是，不知不觉中时光已经流逝，“不知老之将至”，等到时过境迁后，往日美好已经成为旧迹，人不能永保有美好的留恋。想到此处，作者不免感慨横生，引出欢乐有尽，人生苦短的悲叹。“死生亦大矣”，自然转为“痛”的感觉。

3.研读第4段

①学生齐读第4段，思考：“一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作”表达了作者怎样的生死观? 明确：作者认为人不管以怎样的方式活着，生命都在不知不觉中逝去，而寿命的长短只能听凭造化，最终归于结束。所以生就是生，活着能享受乐趣，死就是死，死后一切皆无，活着和死去是人生大事，二者不可等量齐观。暗含有生之年应当做些实事，不宜空谈玄理之意。

②讨论：此段作者流露的情感是“悲”，“悲”与“痛”是一样的情感吗?作者因何而“悲”? 明确：不一样。作者的“悲”，与他的人生观有着密切的关系。佛教、道教徒总是把生死看得很虚无、很超脱，他们“一死生，齐彭殇”，可我们不是神仙道人，是血肉之躯，要珍惜生命，士大夫当“兼济天下”，去实现自己的抱负。这种生活观在我(王羲之)看来是何等的虚伪可笑。正因为我对生命是如此的珍惜，因此，“每览昔者兴感之由”，我“悲”古人，因为我对生命的体验和古人对生命的体验是何其相似;我亦“悲”后人，“后之视今，亦由今之视昔”，后人读我的文章，犹如我读古人的文章一样。这里的“悲”不同于上一段的“痛”，而是对个体之痛的理性思考，是由己悲人的，更加深刻感慨。

4.品味语言

教师：后人多评价本文语言清新质朴，自然流露，对此如何理解?(学生小组讨论，教师点拨)山西中公教师考试网祝您备考成功！点击查看山西教师资格真题

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明确：两晋时期，骈俪藻饰之风盛行。而《兰亭集序》则别开生面，它的语言或骈或散，骈则整齐优美，散则错落有致，骈散间行，各得其长;且不尚华丽辞藻，不重典故堆砌，文笔洗练，自然有致。如以“崇山峻岭，茂林修竹”写山，以“清流激湍，映带左右”写水，短短16个字就将兰亭周围的景色概括出来，渲染了清幽的气氛。又如以“或取诸怀抱，悟言一室之内;或因寄所托，放浪形骸之外”，概括了人生的两种不同的生存状态，简洁而清晰。这种朴素自然的形式与其内容构成了和谐的统一，难怪后人评价这篇文章“高爽有风气，不类常流”。

(五)探究感悟

孔子曾说过：“仁者乐山，智者乐水。”凡大仁大智者都愿寄情于山水，青山可以净化人的思想，绿水可以洗涤人的心灵，使原本被灰尘蒙蔽的双眼明亮如初，使原本浮躁的心恢复平静。兰亭集会便是一次文人与山水结合的人生乐事，也是一次人格与精神境界的升华。而王羲之之悲实乃古代哲人和诗人共同的困惑，他们在大彻大悟了天地宇宙的无穷后，产生了一种渺小感和迷茫感，在文学作品中此类思索比比皆是，你们是否能举出与此有关的名句? 例：人生天地之间，若白驹之过隙，忽然而已。——《庄子·知北游》 天地无终极，人命若朝露。——曹植《送应氏》

年年岁岁花相似，岁岁年年人不同。——刘希夷《代悲白头翁》

今人不见古时月，今月曾经照古人。古人今人若流水，共看古月皆如此。——李白《把酒问月》

人生代代无穷已，江月年年只相似。——张若虚《春江花月夜》 哀吾生之须臾，羡长江之无穷。——苏轼《赤壁赋》

(六)作业布置

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整理自己的阅读感受，写成短文，如对王羲之的认识，对生死的理解，对时光易逝的感慨等等。

(七)课堂总结

教师：人生总是不免有失意伴随，能在失意的生活中找出诗意来，这就是王羲之的睿智之处。观照现实人生，回首萧瑟处，我们如能吟出“也无风雨也无晴”之类的诗句，也就无愧于诗意的栖居。

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