第一篇:新东方考研近义词及高频词总结(全)
predominance-----advantage,upside handcap------disadvantage at a loss------puzzle,confuse diminish-----lessen assault----attack sly----clever, hidden ample----abundant get on in life----succeed swiftly----quickly frown on-----disagree contention-------argue,debate find fault with-----criticize beyond disbute----believing stationary-------standstill detrimental-------harmful affiliate-----branch disregard------neglect,overlook in sympathy with----agree with perish----die, disappear properous----flourish panick----fearful for sure---certainly outrage---indignation, grievance surge-----soar shield----shelter,protect resort to---turn to weather-----experience rather than-----other than keep abreast of-----catch on well off----wealthy infringement------harm deceive-----deceptive side with----support liability----responsibility likewise-----similarly tedious---monotonous,boring toil---work hard(辛苦地工作)
apart from-----except ,in addition to proponent------sponsor ,supporter free from------without question--------challenge ,defy precision--------accuracy, exact tilt---------slope ,lean toward one side cater to------fit suit personal-------individual, private eventually-----finally by virtue of------due to, owing to possess----------own, share postpone---------delay outweigh----------surpass proof------evidence enhance-----------strengthen advance----------raise , move forward identify--------recognize rash----------increase ,large number debate---------controversy condition-------control, influence allegiance--------loyalty abandon--------give up ,desert superficial--------not deep ,on the surface absorb---------take in, comprehend temporary----------short termed coordinated----------cooperative hazard--------danger soar------go up ,expand ,rocket stand out--------popular, outstanding distrust-------suspect, doubt get acquainted with--------be familial with concern--------worry try out-------investigate intelligent-------gifted focus on--------concentrate on, emphasize ward off---------stop, prevent hospitable--------friendly inclined-----------tend to ,likely protect---------shelter, shield vanish-------disappear emerge----------appear, turn up be aware of-------be conscious of distinguish from--------differ from involve--------include emphasize---------stress rely on-------depend on be conditioned to------be accustomed to lack of-------lose distract--------draw attention from substitute------replace advocate-------support, sponsor adolescent-------teenager decline-------drop, cut, lower,shrink,curb,lessen,diminish,decelerate deceive--------deceitful, deceptive, dishonest on the line,on the ropes-------in danger employee------staff, worker drown--------die under the water new-----novel sufficient-----abundant cause--------bring about yearly-------annual same--------identical expect------anticipate overcome------conquer unwilling-------reluctant permanent-----------everlasting be attached to-------be fond of take part in--------participate by chance-------by accident, accidentally vulnerable------easily affected scrutiny-------observe carefully aboard 这些词汇是进入考研阅读的最基本词汇,希望 abroad 大家认真查阅他们的基本含义,可以不会写,但是 absorb 必须要认识,知其意.abundant abuse accelerate access accommodation accord account accumulate accuse acquaintance acute adapt adjust admission adopt advantage advisable advocate afford aggressive agreeable alert alive allowance ally alternative ambition amuse annoy anxious appeal appetite approve applaud appliance ashamed assert assess attach attribute authentic awkward bald barrier bold ban bare behalf beneficial betray bid blame blank boom boost brake breed bump bulk burst cancel captive capture cautious challenge charge charity charming chop claim clarify clumsy coarse collapse commit compel competent complain compose compromise conceal concern condemn confess confidence confine confirm conflict confront confuse congratulate conscience conscious consider consistent constant contempt continual continuous contrary contribute controversial convenient convey convince cordial correspond crash critical crucial crush cultivate cunning curious curse dash dazzle deceive decent decline delay deliberate delight delicate denounce deprive deserve despise destine devote diminish discard discount discharge disguise disposal drain durable ease economical efficient elastic embarrass embrace emerge endure engage enhance enthusiasm entitle equivalent eventful eventually exceed excel exclusive exhaust explode exploit explore expose extend fare faculty facility fatal feasible feeble flexible flourish fond forge frighten fuss glare gloomy gracious grateful grant grieve grip guilty halt hasty heal hesitate highlight hijack/highjack hostile hinder hono(u)rable humble identical idle ignorant ignore immense immigrant immune implement imply impose indignant indispensable inevitable infect influence(influential)insight instant insure intellectual intensive intentional interference interval intimidate involve jealous jog keen kneel lame landscape leak lean lessen liable likewise loose lodge luggage luxury magnificent maintain manual margin marve(l)lous massive militia minor minute moderate moist moral mortal multiply naval naughty neutral neglect novel nuisance obscure obstacle odd occur offend option outcome owe overlook panic parade passion peep peer pension perceive perish permanent permission personnel plausible plunge pledge possess precaution preceding precise prefer preliminary presumably pretend prevail privilege proceed proclaim prominent proof provoke purpose puzzle queer quit quiver rage raw recall reinforce recession reckon reconcile recover recruit refresh refuge refute regarding regardless release relieve reluctant remind remove remote render repent reproach resemble resign resolve resort respectable respectful respective responsible restless restrict resume reveal revenge reward rigid rival ruin rumor rural sanction schedule scratch secure segment sensible sensitive sequence shame shabby sheer shriek shrink siege slip sly smart smash smuggle soak sober solemn sore sour sound span spare speculate spoil sprinkle staff stain startle steep sticky strain stumble stuff submit submerge substantial substitute successive sufficient suicide summit superficial superior supplement surrender survive suspect suspend sustain swift sympathy synthetic tackle tedious tempt tender terminal terror thereby threat thrill thrive thump timid tolerate toll transfer transform transmit transport trap triumph tropical tumble undergo underline undertake undo uniform utter vacant vague valid vanish verify vice vigor violate violent wander weary well-off whisper withdraw withstand witness wound wreck yield zealous private-enterprise market-oriented bid up embrace issue on the horizon keep track of accordingly exceptional substantially exert infection dormant drastic counteract laborious seemingly assertion account for dead end 绝境,死胡同,尽头 follow through坚持到完成 confine to win over touch on提及,涉及 enhance guarantee保证 subtly external encounter perceive indecisive timidity confront sociable overwhelming bombard facilitate inherent offspring profound soak up sensitivity aggressive dominate exclusively subsequent adaptive fade relief tight-lipped慎于言谈的 routine likewise sketch tangible launch charter特许证 privilege enforcement initiative municipal detach dividend lockout discipline outburst single out premium arithmetic geometry acute stimulus parallel incentive beneficence ambiguous assemble emulation tactics deception distortion
1997年重点词汇 阅读理解部分: incurably adv.治不好地, 不能矫正地 convincing adj.令人信服的, 有力的, 令人心悦诚服的 5 flashed vi.闪光, 闪现, 反射, 使迅速 6 pick up v.掘地, 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 8 import n.意思, 重要性 vt.输入, 进口, 含...的意思, 重要, 引入 9 sink in 被了解 implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示 11 bitterly adv.苦苦地, 悲痛的, 厉害的 12 haste n.匆忙, 急忙 turn back v.使停止往前, 往回走 14 euthanasia n.安乐死 15 dominoes 多米诺 17 diagnose v.诊断 terminally adv.末尾, 一定时期地 haunting adj.常浮现于脑海中的, 不易忘怀的 21 spiritual adj.精神上的 22 claw n.爪, 脚爪 v.抓 consistently 一贯地,一向,始终如一地 24 deserve vt.应受, 值得 v.应受 dull adj.感觉或理解迟钝的,呆滞的, 阴暗的 vt.使迟钝, 使阴暗, 缓和 vi.变迟钝, 减少 28 harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的 charitable adj.仁慈的,(为)慈善事业的,宽恕的 31 impulse n.推动, vt.推动
weary adj.疲倦的, 疲劳 v.疲倦, 厌倦, 厌烦 33 hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情 34 casual adj.偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的
interpret v.解释, 说明, 口译, 通译, 认为是...的意思 36 superficial adj.表面的, 肤浅的, 浅薄的 37 artificial adj.人造的, 假的, 非原产地的 39 complex adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的 n.联合体 40 assumption n.假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态 41 interrelationship 相互关系[联系, 影响], 干扰 42 fail to 未能..12.thrilling adj.毛骨悚然的, 颤动的, 发抖的 21.defective adj.有缺陷的n.有缺陷的人, 1998年重点词汇和词组 阅读理解部分
1.capture n.捕获vt.俘获3.at the mercy of adv.受...支配 4.fascinated vt.使着迷, 使神魂颠倒 vi.入迷, 极度迷人的 6.assert v.断言, 声称
7.cement n.水泥, 接合剂 vt.接合巩固 vi.粘牢 8.intended adj.有意的,已经订婚的 n已经订婚者 9.deprived adj.缺乏足够教育的;缺少食物的 10.in return adv.作为报答 11.reservoir n.水库, 蓄水池
12.contention n.争夺, 争论, 争辩, 论点 13.bidding for n.命令, 出价, 邀请
15.far from adv.远离, 远非, 远远不, 完全不, 非但不 17.conflict n.斗争, 冲突 vi.抵触, 冲突 18.hydroelectric adj.水力电气的 19.irrigation n.灌溉, 冲
23.revival n.苏醒, 复兴, 复活, 再生效, 复苏 26.assume vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现 27.presiding adj.主持会议的, 指挥的 28.statistics n.统计学, 统计表 32.due to adv.由于, 应归于 33.rebound n.回弹 v.回弹 34.disjunction n.分离, 分裂, 折断 35.anecdote n.轶事, 奇闻
36.reflected adj.反射的,得自他人的 37.contribution n.捐献, 贡献, 投稿 38.be intended to 为了 39.profitable adj.有利可图的 40.switch to v.切换到,转到, 转变成 41.speculative adj.投机的 42.ineptly adv.不适当地, 无能地 43.chief executive 总裁
44.revenue n.收入, 国家的收入, 税收 46.chop out 降低 47.blunt adj.直率的
48.consultant n.顾问, 商议者, 咨询者 49.schism n.(政治组织等的)分裂, 教派 50.humanities 人文学科 51.community n.公社, 团体
54.assemble vt.集合, 聚集, 装配 vi.集合 55.find fault v.挑剔
59.contradict vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触 60.dispute v.争论, 辩论 n.争论, 辩论 61.manifesto n.宣言, 声明
62.scorn n.轻蔑, 嘲笑, 被叱责的人 vt.轻蔑, 不屑做 63.long for v.渴望 65.depletion n.损耗 66.epithet n.绰号, 称号 67.lump n.块 vt.使成块状
68.enlighten vt.启发,教导, 授予...知识 69.emerge vi.显现,(事实)显现出来 70.census n.人口普查 71.standstill n.停止, 停顿 72.implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示 73.enthrone vt.立...为王, 崇拜 vi.热心 74.densely adv.浓密地, 浓厚地 75.numerically 用数字, 在数字上 76.depression n.沮丧, 消沉, 低气压, 低压 77.migrate vi.(鸟类的)迁徙 vt.使移居 78.attribute to 归功于 79.demographer n.人口统计学家 80.apparently adv.显然地 83.spacious adj.广大的, 大规模的
84.plagues n.瘟疫, 麻烦, 苦恼, 灾祸 vt.折磨, 使苦恼, 使得灾祸 86.considerably adv.相当地 87.scatter v.分散, 散开, 撒开, 驱散
88.isolate vt.使隔离, 使孤立, 使绝缘, 离析 n.隔离种群 90.volcano n.火山
91.on the contrary adv.正相反 92.interior adj.内部的, 内的 n.内部 93.milestones n.里程碑, 转折点 94.inject into 把...注入
95.complementary adj.补充的, 补足的 96.reminder n.提醒的人, 暗示 97.in detail adv.详细地
98.readily adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地 99.stationary 固定的 100.anchor n.锚 v.抛锚, 锚定
101.confine vt.限制, 禁闭 n.界限, 边界 104.propel vt.推进, 驱使
106.fissure n.裂缝, 裂沟,(思想, 观点等的)分歧 v.(使)裂开 107.initiate vt.开始, 传授 v.开始 109.mutability n.易变性, 性情不定 1999年重点词汇和词组 阅读理解部分
1.rough adj.粗糙的, 粗略的 adv.粗糙地 4.lawsuit n.诉讼(尤指非刑事案件)5.compensate v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬 6.liable for 负责 7.misfortune n.不幸, 灾祸 8.anticipate vt.预期, 期望 10.fall off v.下降, 衰退, 离开 15.liability n义务, 倾向, 债务 17.side with defendant 站在被告一边 18.paralyze vt.使瘫痪, 使麻痹 19.helmet n.头盔, 钢盔
21.recommendation n.推荐, 介绍(信), 劝告, 建议 22.substantial adj.坚固的, 实质的, 真实的, 充实的 23.tort n.[律]民事侵权行为 24.bombard vt.炮轰;轰击 25.trivialities n.琐事
26.for the benefit of adv.为...的利益 27.legal liability 法律责任
28.revolve v.(使)旋转, 考虑, 循环出现 29.tap n.水龙头 vt.轻打, 开发, 31.make sense 使…有意义 33.nonetheless adv.虽然如此, 但是 34.hesitate v.犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿 35.reliability n.可靠性
36.senior adj 资格较老的, 地位较高的, 高级的 37.transaction n.办理, 交易 38.access to 有权使用
41.available adj.可用到的, 可利用的
44.update v.使现代化, 修正, 校正, 更新 n.现代化, 更新 45.subscriber n.订户, 签署者, 捐献 49.contempt n.轻视, 轻蔑 50.thinks highly of 尊重 51.distinction n.区别
52.prospect n.前景 vi.寻找, 勘探 53.horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇 54.inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的 55.resort to 求助于 56.strategies n.策略, 军略 57.interactivity 交互性
58.hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情 59.security n.安全
62.plunge n.跳进, 投入 vi.投入 63.invisible adj.看不见的, 无形的 64.on the behalf of 代表
65.prospect n.前途, 期望 vi.寻找, 勘探 66.radical adj.根本的, 激进的 n.激进分子 67.explore v.探险, 探测, 探究 68.contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾 70.justify v.证明...是正当的 72.assess vt.估定, 评定 74.forsake vt.放弃, 抛弃
76.betray vt.出卖, 背叛, 泄露(秘密), 露出...迹象 78.emphasize vt.强调, 着重 v.强调 80.presumptuous adj.专横的 83.in any case adv.无论如何
84.complementary adj.补充的, 补足的 85.vocational adj.职业的 86.confusion n.混乱, 混淆 87.startle v.震惊
88.be opposite to 在...对面 与...相反 89.husbandry n.管理 92.feverishly adv.兴奋地
95.consensus n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论 101.in the air adv悬而未决, 在流传中 103.supposedly adv.想像上, 按照推测 105.be curious about 对…好奇 111.substitute for 代替...替换..., 取代..112.conference n.会议, 讨论会, 协商会 113.advisability n.明智
114.frown vi.皱眉, 蹙额, 不赞成, 反对 v.皱眉 115.be shocked at 对…感到震惊 116.speculate vi.推测, 思索, 做投机买卖 117.amount to 总计,等于
121.carry out vt.携带, vi.被携带, 能达到 126.distract v.转移
129.conformity n.一致, 符合
130.desirable adj.值得要的,令人想要的, 悦人心意的 131.be blamed for 被责备 132.in favor of 赞成 2000年重点词组与词汇 阅读理解部分:
1.effortless adj.容易的, 不费力气的 2.handicap n.障碍v.妨碍, 使不利 3.a driving force 动力
4.a glowing period 增长时期,发展时期 5.unparalleled adj.无比的, 无双的, 空前的 6.scale n.刻度,等级 vt.依比例决定,测量 8.predominance n.优势 9.at a loss 困惑
10.fading n.褪色,枯萎,衰退 12.sweep into 涌入 13.on the ropes岌岌可危的 14.semiconductor n.[物] 半导体 15.at the heart of 关键 16.casualty n.伤亡 17.prosperity n.繁荣
18.sensational adj.使人感动的, 非常好的 19.look back on 回忆 21.devalued 减值的, 贬值的 22.yield to 屈服, 让步 23.on a diet 吃规定的饮食 24.quick-witted 机智
25.executive adj执行的, 行政的 n经理主管人员 26.think tank n.智囊团 28.maturity n.成热,成熟 30.mortality n.死亡率
31.excess n.过度,超额 adj.过度的, 额外的 32.crucial adj.至关紧要的
38.fertile adj.肥沃的, 富饶的, 能繁殖的 40.offspring n.(单复数同形)儿女, 子孙, 后代 41.take advantage of 利用 42.diminish v.(使)减少,(使)变小 43.tribal adj.部落的, 种族的 44.mediocrity n.平常,平庸之才 46.utopia n.乌托邦, 理想的完美境界 49.ignorant of 不懂, 不知道 53.descendant n.子孙, 后裔, 后代
55.advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹 57.farfetched adj.牵强的 59.with regard to adv.关于 62.in brief 简单扼要地 63.consequently adv.从而, 因此 64.undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受 66.pour out v.诉说, 倾吐
67.unhampered adj.无妨碍的,无阻碍的 68.make up v.弥补, 虚构
69.imitate vt.模仿, 仿效, 仿制, 仿造 v.模仿 70.at will adv.随意, 任意 71.confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的
72.upsetting adj.令人心烦意乱的,令人苦恼的 73.proposition n.主张, 建议, 陈述, 命题 74.call for v.要求, 提倡, 为...叫喊, 为...叫 75.essentially adv.本质上, 本来 77.envy n.vt.羡慕, 嫉妒 80.sacrifice nv.牺牲
81.rigid adj.刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的 83.emphasis on 强调
84.mechanical adj.机械的, 呆板的 88.frustration n.挫败, 挫折, 受挫 89.drop out v.不参与, 离去, 放弃
90.incident n.事件, 事变 adj.附带的, 易于发生的 92.assault n.攻击v.袭击 93.outcry n.大声疾呼
94.conservative adj.保守的, 守旧的 97.raise eyebrow 质疑地
99.centralization n.集中, 中央集权化 100.isolated adj.隔离的,孤立的, 单独 101.commute v.交换
102.crowded adj.拥挤的, 塞满的 103.distinction n.区别, 声望 104.destiny n.命运, 定数
105.vitality n.活力, 生命力, 生动性 108.hypocrisy n.伪善
112.confess v.承认, 坦白, 忏悔 113.pushing adj.有进取心的,急切的 114.acquisitive adj.想获得的
115.vulgar adj.粗俗的, 庸俗的,本土的
117.radical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激进的 n.激进分子 119.advocating n.提倡者, 鼓吹者 vt.提倡, 鼓吹 120.participatory adj.供人分享的
123.at all costs adv.(=at any cost)不惜任何代价, 无论如何 129.stirring adj.激动人心的, 活跃的, 忙碌的 130.prompting n.促进, 激励, 提示 131.profess v.表示
132.get on v.生活, 融洽相处, 进展 2001年重点词组与词汇 阅读理解部分
1.specialization n.特殊化, 专门化, 特化作用 2.response to 回答,反应,响应 3.accumulation n.积聚, 堆积物 4.split up 分裂
5.no clear-cut distinction 没有绝对的区别 6.amateur n.业余爱好者, 业余艺术家
7.connotation n.含蓄, 储蓄的东西(词、语等), 内涵 8.integrate into 融入到……中去
11.consequent adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的 14.illustrate vt.举例说明, 图解, 加插图于, 阐明 15.in terms of 根据
17.definition n.定义, 解说, 精确度,(轮廓影像等的)清晰度 19.incorporate adj.合并的, 一体化的 vt.合并, 组成公司 20.make entrance to 接近21.be reinforced by 加强
22.refereeing n.仲裁人, , [体]裁判员 v.仲裁, 23.underway adj.起步的,进行中的, 航行中的 24.be reckoned as vt.计算, 估计, 27.universalize access 普遍可以获得 28.digital divide 数字鸿沟
29.impoverished adj.穷困的, 无力的,用尽了的 30.sovereignty n.君主, 主权, 主权国家 32.credibility n.可信性 33.turn out to be 结果是 36.head-scratching 令人头痛的 37.puzzlement n.迷惑
38.plug vt.堵, 插栓 n.塞子, 插头, 插销
39.conventional adj.惯例的, 常规的,习俗的, 传统的 44.at random 随意的
47.elite n.<法>[集合名词]精华, 中坚分子 49.clash n.冲突, 撞击声, 50.sponsor n.发起人, vt.发起, v.赞助 51.symposium n.讨论会, 座谈会 52.be dedicated to adj.专注的, 献身的 53.diversity n.差异, 多样性
56.account for v.说明, 占, 解决, 得分 57.affiliate v.(使...)加入, 接受为会员 58.underlie vt.位于...之下, 成为...的基础 59.scanty adj.缺乏的, ,俭省的, 62.supervise v.监视,监督 64.gigantic adj.巨人般的, 巨大的 65.take upon 承担
66.lateral n.侧部, adj.横(向)的, 侧面的 67.profile n.剖面, 侧面, 外形, 轮廓 68.in the manner of 以......方式
69.disgraced n.耻辱, 丢脸的人(或事)v.玷污 70.passionate adj.充满热情的 71.advocate n.提倡者 vt.提倡, 72.preach v.鼓吹
73.resignation n.辞职, 辞职书, 放弃, 74.doctrine n.教条, 学说 75.voluntary simplicity 自愿简朴 76.breed v.(使)繁殖, 教养, n.品种, 78.dropping out n.滴下, 滴下物, 空投, 79.redundancy n.裁员 2002年重点词组与词汇 阅读理解部分: 1.indentify v.确定,证明 2.relevant to 有关的,相应的 3.in sympathy with 同情
7.alternatively adv.做为选择, 二者择一地 9.comment on 评论
10.convention n.大会, 协定,习俗, 12.show around 参观
13.accommodation n.住处, 膳宿 14.push aside 把......推开,避开 15.stomp n.跺脚
19.inedible adj.不适于食用的, 20.notorious adj.声名狼籍的 21.resent v.愤恨, 怨恨
22.disparaging adj.蔑视的, 毁谤的, 23.scapegoat n.替罪羊 24.off-the-cuff 即兴的 25.familiar adj.熟悉的, n.密友, 26.exaggeration n.夸张, 夸大之词 30.ingenuity n.机灵, 独创性, 精巧, 32.burdensome adj.繁重的, 烦累的, 34.confer n.商讨,授予 37.gizmos n.小发明 39.hum to v.嗡嗡叫, 哼 40.assembly n.集合, 装配, 41.automated adj.自动化的
42.terminal n.终端, adj.末期, 每期的, 44.miniaturization n.小型化 46.supervision n.监督, 管理
50.initial adj.最初的, 词首的, n.词首大写字母 52.a fraction of n.小部分, 片断, 分数 53.irrelevant adj.不相关的
54.instantaneous adj.瞬间的, 即刻的, 55.suspicious adj.(of)可疑的, 怀疑的 59.scary adj.引起惊慌的
60.quadruple adj.四倍的, 四重的, n.四倍 61.suspend vt.吊, 悬挂v.延缓 63.severe adj.严厉的, 剧烈的, 严重的, 69.consultancy n.-cies 顾问(工作)73.supreme adj.极度的, 极大的, 最高的 74.implicaton n.暗示 77.foresee vt.预见, 预知 78.permissible adj.可允许的, 79.justify v.证明...是正当的 82.mediation n.仲裁, 调停, 调解 83.maintain vt.维持, 供养, 主张 84.prescribe v.指示, 规定, 处(方), 85.legitimate adj.合法的, 合理的, v.合法 86.homicide n.谋杀
88.acknowledge vt.承认, 答谢, 报偿 89.prolonged vt.延长, 拖延 91.hospice n.旅客住宿处, 收容所, 92.therapy n.治疗
93.to the extent that 大意是说 95.presumptively adv.假设地 96.incompentently adv.不合格地 2003年重点词组与词汇 阅读理解部分: 1.spymaster n.间谍组织的首脑 2.lay the root for 打下基础 3.be fascinated with 着迷 5.espionage n.间谍, 侦探 6.reshape vt.改造, 再成形, 7.vocation n.召唤, 职业 10.point-and-click 点击
11.intelligence n.智力, 聪明, 智能 14.compile vt.编译, 编辑, 汇编 15.by a large margin 大幅度 19.corporation n.[律]社团, 法人, 21.mutually adv.互相地, 互助 23.vacum up 清空
26.staff n.棒, 全体职员, vt.供给人员, 27.back-and-forthing 来来回回 30.take pride in 骄傲
33.triumph n.胜利, 成功 v.获得胜利 35.seek to v.寻找, 探索, 37.rull out 排除
38.advocate n.提倡者, vt.提倡, 39.advance in n.前进, v., 预付adj.前面的 40.allegation n.主张,断言, 辩解 41.cruelty to n.残忍, 残酷
42.perplexed adj.困惑的, 不知所措的 43.deliberately adv.故意地
45.fair adj.美丽的,(头发)金黄的,公平的,(天气)晴朗的 46.distributing v.分配,分发,分布 48.immunization n.使免除, 使免疫 49.vaccine adj.疫苗的, n.疫苗 50.epidemic adj.流行的, n.时疫, 51.compassionate adj.富于同情心的 55.hip n., 忧郁 adj.熟悉内情的 59.lest conj.唯恐, 以免, 64.ember n.灰烬, 余烬 66.merge into v.合并, 并入, 67.heightened v.提高, 升高 68.monopoly n.垄断, 垄断者, 69.account for v.说明, 占, 得分 70.freight n.货物, 运费, vt.装货, 71.allow for v.虑及, 体谅 72.substantial adj.坚固的, 实质的, 73.coordinated n.同等者, adj.同等的, vt.调整, 74.fierce competition from 激烈的竞争 76.have them by throat 控制 77.consolidation n.巩固, 合并 78.captive n.俘虏, adj.被俘的, 80.appeal to v.呼吁, 上诉, 有吸引力 83.discrimination against n.辨别, 歧视 84.on the grounds 在......基础上 85.in the long run 从长远看
86.have the option of 有......的选择权 87.subscribe v.捐款, 签署(文件)90.flourish vi.繁荣, 91.despite prep.不管, 尽管, 93.cheer on 鼓励
94.transaction n.学报,处理事务 95.grip vt.紧握, 紧夹 96.pressing adj.紧迫的 v.挤压 97.inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的 98.optional adj.可选择的, 随意的 100.clinical depression 临床忧郁症 101.surgical adj.外科的, n.外科病房, 103.disintegrate vt.(使)分解,(使)碎裂 104.perish vi.毁灭,枯萎
105.shield n.防护物, vt.(from)保护, 107.unsustainable adj.不能证实的 108.sustain vt.支撑, 撑住, 维持, 持续 110.get out of 排除
111.potential adj.潜在的,势的, 112.energetic adj.精力充沛的, 113.dazzlingly adv.灿烂地, 耀眼地 117.dramatic adj.戏剧性的, 生动的 118.therapy n.治疗 2004年重点词组与词汇 阅读理解部分 1.hunt for v.搜寻
2.stumble v.绊倒, 结结巴巴地说话n.绊倒, 错误 4.intellectual property 知识产权
5.counsel n 商议, 辩护律师 vt.劝告, 忠告 7.drawback n.缺点, 障碍 8.eliminate vt.排除, 消除 v.除去 10.implicit adj.暗示的, 盲从的 13.tempt vt.诱惑, 引诱, 吸引
19.keep a close watch on 密切注视,密切关注 21.compensation to 补偿,赔偿 22.negotiate 谈判,商量 23.maintain vt.维持, 维修, 主张 26.discrimination n.辨别, 歧视 27.condemn vt.判刑, 处刑, 声讨, 谴责 30.unaware of 没有意识到
31.have a big advantage over 对…有较大优势 32.spread n.伸展, 展开, 传播, 蔓延, 33.suspiciously adv.猜疑着, 怀疑着 35.respectively adv.分别地, 各个地
36.predecessor n.前辈, 前任,(被取代的)原有事物
37.coincidence n.一致, 相合, 同时发生或同时存在(尤指偶然)的事 38.dream up v.空想出, <俗>构思, 创造, 设计(发明物等)41.insensitive adj.对...没有感觉的, 感觉迟钝的 42.qualification n.资格
44.publicly
adv.公然地, 舆论上 46.ceremony n.典礼, 仪式, 礼节, 报幕员 47.literally adv.照字面意义, 逐字地 48.draw up v.草拟, 停住
49.recipient adj.容易接受的 n.容纳者
50.plough through 费劲地阅读, 吃力地钻研,艰难地通过 51.come to v.达到, 复苏,共计 53.blame n.过失, 责备 vt.责备, 57.lag
n.落后, 迟延, vi.缓缓而行, 滞后
59.crucial
adj.至关紧要的
60.panic
n.惊慌, 恐慌, 没有理由的
61.prospect
n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望 vi.寻找, 勘探 62.modest
adj.谦虚的, 谦让的, 适度的 63.in despair
绝望
66.predominately adv.占主要优势地
第二篇:【新东方内部资料】考研形近词、近义词辨析宝典
考研近义词、形近词辨析宝典(共90组)
abnormal, uncommon abnormal a.不正常的,反常的(但并非罕见),指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。
His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常,最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。
uncommon a.罕见的,不平常的,指很少经历或很少见到的状况;特别的,出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。
That is uncommon instant coffee;it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘,味道好极了!abide, adhere, conform, comply abide v.后接by表示 “遵守,同意”。
I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。
adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持;粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接to表示“遵守,符合”。
All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守,服从”,用于正式的场合。
Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。abstract, digest, outline, summary 这一组名词都有“要点,摘要”的意思。
abstract n.概要,摘要,尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。
digest n.(篇幅较长的)摘要,文摘,它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释,浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Reader's Digest《读者文摘》 outline n.要点,大纲,概要。
She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。summary n.总结,摘要,指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点,不考虑原文的风格。absurd, ridiculous 这一组形容词都有“愚蠢,可笑”的意思。
absurd a.荒谬的,可笑的,指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。
There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的,指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄,含有蔑视成分。
It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。accent, tone, dialect accent n.口音,指某一地区语言的发音特征;重音。
He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。tone n.语气,音调,指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。
He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言,土语,地方话,指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言 accommodate, afford, furnish accommodate v.提供住宿、房间;适应,迎合,迁就。
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。
The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望,连夜将货物发了出去。afford v.负担,支付;当“提供”讲时,多用于指抽象事物的提供。We can't afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。
The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。
Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识,然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。accomplishment, attainment, achievement accomplishment n.成功,成就;才艺,修养。
Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说,爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数);达到,到达。a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者
achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”,或具体的“成绩”,与accomplishment是同义词。acute, critical, crucial, urgent acute a.剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)。
An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。critical a.意为“关键的”,表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指“批判性的,分析性的
It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习,否则你会不及格的。crucial a.意为”决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的“,最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况。
Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。urgent a.意为”紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的“,它不强调所指的问题是最重要的,仅强调”紧急的“状态。
We have an urgent need for help;we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。admit, confess, concede admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而”承认“某一事实或过错。I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。
confess v.供认(罪行、过错等),含有”坦白、招认“的意思。
He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。
concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误,但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认,还可以指”以退为进“的承认。
The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。
aggravate, reinforce, strengthen, intensify 这一组动词都有”加强“的意思。
aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等),使之恶化。
I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了,而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。reinforce v.增援,一般用于军队或警察的行动;(以添加材料等)加固。
A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行,用无线电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。
The number of people has increased.人数增加了。
strengthen v.加强,巩固,增强,相当于to become stronger。
Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。
Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈,加剧,相当于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨 alert, cautious, considerate 这一组形容词都表示”小心的,谨慎的“。alert a.警惕的,留神的。
The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边,时刻准备给大家斟酒。cautious a.细心的,谨慎的。
He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。considerate a.关心他人的,体贴的。
He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人,并且慈祥而富有同情心。alive, live, living, lively 这一组形容词都跟”活“有关。
alive a.活着的,有活力的,常作表语,作定语时必须后置。
After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后,他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活着的人
live a.活的,有活力的,现场直播的。
We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。living a.活着的,作定语可前可后,可修饰人也可修饰物。
Who is the world's greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家? living room起居室
lively a.活泼的,栩栩如生的。
She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘,总是欢声笑语忙个不停。alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline 这一组动词都有”减少,减轻“的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻,缓和
The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。
diminish v.指因为不断消耗,在数量方面缓慢减少,也指在素质或者价值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。
He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。decrease v.指数量上的减少;力量或者强度的减弱。
The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。decline v.(数目、价格、比率)下降;谢绝,婉言推辞;衰退,衰落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。allocate, separate, detach, divide 这一组动词都有”分开“的意思。allocate v.分配,把……拨给。
The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。
separate v.人为地分开,使隔离开。
We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。detach v.拆开组合的物体;远离,疏远。
We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。divide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。
The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand amplify v.扩大,增加,尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大;补充叙述(故事、事件等)。We must ask you to amplify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。enlarge v.扩大,多指具体物品如相片的放大。enlarge photograph放大照片 enlarge a house扩建房屋
stretch v.(有弹性地)伸展,延伸,并有可能超过限度;伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。
Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后,职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。
magnify v.放大,指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。
His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼镜把字放大以便能够阅读。reinforce v.增援,加固。
expand v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大,也可以指内容或细节的充实。The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是膨胀,然后就爆破了。anger, fury, indignation, resentment 这一组名词都有”愤怒、生气“的意思。anger n.气愤,生气,是一般用语。
After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.争吵之后,他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。fury n.暴怒,大怒,程度较anger要强。indignation n.义愤,尤其指出于道义上的激愤。
Arise / arouse / attract general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤 resentment n.愤恨,怨恨,不满,是正式用语,尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。
There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工资降低后,办公室里怨声载道。apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct 这一组形容词都有”明显的“之意。
apparent a.明显的,显而易见的,尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。
He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴,显然他现在想走了。evident a.明白的,明显的,与apparent基本同意,多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。
It is evident that he is guilty;his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.显然他是有罪的,在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。manifest a.清楚的,明显的,多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义,常作表语。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众,但长相并不动人。obvious a.明显的,显而易见的,含有无可辩白,不需证明之意。
It is obvious that woman has had too much to drink.很显然,那个妇女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的,明显的;不同的,独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。
Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。applaud, clap, commend, praise
applaud v.鼓掌,赞扬,指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许,大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。
The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作,对我的努力表示赞许。clap v.拍打,其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能说applaud one's hands。clap sb.为某人鼓掌,clap sth.拍打某物
commend v.为正式用词,用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖,通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。praise v.为一般用词,用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕;赞颂,赞美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。area, district, region, zone 这一组名词都有”区域“的意思。
area n.泛指面积较大的地区;面积;专业领域。
The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。district n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng District北京西城区 region n.行政区划上更大的地区,如”自治区“;身体部位。
The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。zone n.指特定的地方、地带。
The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律,在一些空地上开辟商业区。assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium 这一组名词都表示”会议“的意思。assembly n.集合,集会。
The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。conference n.(专门性的)会议,讨论会。
The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。congress n.代表大会,(美国的)国会。
Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美国国会通过的法律,人民一定要遵守。rally n.(鼓舞士气的)集会;群众性集会。
The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教练召开了一个动员会,以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。
seminar n.(大学的)研究班,研讨会。
During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里,一些教师在学院里参加研究班。session n.(一届)会议,回合。
the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议 summit n.最高级会议,峰会(通常为领导人参加)。
Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。symposium n.(学术、科研方面的)座谈会,专题报告会。
The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。assessment, estimate, evaluation 这一组名词都有”评估“的意思。
assessment n.评估,估价,常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。
We have a low assessment on our property.我们对我们的资产评估很低。estimate n.估计,强调进行评估得出的结果,常与动词give搭配。
The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300美元。
evaluation n.(对于能力,价值、工作业绩的)评价,估价,常带有肯定的、正确的含义。
He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。associate, ally, combine, unite 这一组词都有”联合“的意思。
associate v.交往,结交;联系,联想。多指平等友好的合作,后接with,表示与某人交往或合作,后接in表示在某个方面合作。We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里,我们同邻居交往。ally v.使结盟,使联姻,多与with搭配。
Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。combine v.联合,化合,混合,多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。
The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。unite v.联合,合并,团结,尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体,强调结果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.国民团结一致共同对敌。award, reward award v.指正式地或官方地颁发,授予,给予;也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。
The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。
reward v.酬劳,奖赏,回报,通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢,其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。
I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我将出50美元,酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。aware, conscious aware a.知道的,意识到的,强调感官对外界事物的意识。He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。conscious a.有意识的,意识到的,一般指内心所意识到的。
The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。basic, elementary, fundamental basic a.基本的,基础的,既可用于具体事物,也可用于抽象事物。
He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的,初级的。elementary school小学
fundamental a.根本性的,一般只用于抽象的事物;必要的,必须的。
Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass 这一组词都有”迷惑“的意思。
bewilder v.使困惑,使茫然,强调非常困惑,通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱,语气最重。
He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了,完全不明白是什么原因。When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候,他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。puzzle v.使迷惑,感到不解,强调不理解或解决不了。
Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。confuse v.一般用语,使混乱,使糊涂,强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。
He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他发错了报告,因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。embarrass v.使窘迫,使为难,使困惑,有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。
Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型,使她感到难堪。
blame, condemn, reproach, scold 这一组动词都有”责怪“的意思。blame v.责怪,把……归咎于。
You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格,你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.谴责,用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。
The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。reproach v.(书面语)责备,表示不满。
His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。scold v.责骂,训斥。blunder, error, mistake 这一组词都表示”错误“。
blunder n.(因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错,愚蠢的错误。
I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过,我感觉到犯了一个大错。
error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误,也可指智力或道义上的错误。
The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。mistake n.误会,误解;(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid 这一组形容词都有”弱“的意思。
brittle a.易碎的,易损坏的,通常是指坚硬的东西。
The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱,很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西,也引申为体弱的,虚弱的。
He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后,现在感觉有些虚弱。frail a.(指人)体弱的,虚弱的,也可以指东西易碎的。His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。
crisp a.指食品的松脆;清新的,爽快的;活跃的,有生气的,干净利落的。crisp biscuit松脆的饼干
The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。invalid a.不正确的,缺乏证据的;无效的,作废的。作名词时,表示病弱者,伤残者,久病者。
Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思,但是缺乏证据。A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge 这几个名词都有”边界“的意思。
boundary n.边界;界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。
The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。
border n.较宽的边缘,边界,多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带;也可以指物体的边缘等。We crossed the Mexican borders into the USA.我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。
frontier n.边界,边境,边疆,指靠近边界(boundary)的区域;也可引申为”未开发的领域“,”(学术的)前沿“等。The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。rim n.边,边缘,尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。
verge n.(道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘,引申为”某事即将发生之际“。on the verge of war战争爆发之际 brief, concise, curt, succinct 这一组形容词都有”简短的“意思。
brief a.简明扼要的,简短的,指时间短暂,办事利索,态度明了等;有时含有”虽短但却不失全面“的意味。The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.经理致了简短的开幕词。concise a.(文字等的)简要、精练,常含有保留主要部分的意思。
His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信写得简明扼要,省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。curt a.三言两语的,简短的,常含有”草率“的意思。
He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , ”I have no time for you now!“他问老板一个问题,但是老板草率的说:”我没时间搭理你。“ succinct a.简明的,简洁的,简练的,尤指用词简练,除含有concise的意思外,还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。succinct summary of the argument论点的概要 certify, rectify, testify, verify 这是一组形近易混词。certify v.证明,声称是真的。
He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。rectify v.改正,纠正;整顿。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作证;表明。
He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害,他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。verify v.(用事实)证实或核实。
I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打电话询问,以核实商店的地址。compel, constrain, force, oblige 这一组动词都有”强迫“的意思。
compel v.强迫,迫使,常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示”别无办法,不得不做“。His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。
constrain v.力劝,强迫,与compel意思相近,但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的场合。
As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家,不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。
force v.强迫,迫使,暴力威胁的意味较浓,常用于被动语态。
The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。oblige v.(因法律、习俗等)强迫,迫使,常常用于被动。
We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。complement, supplement, append 这三个名词都有”补充“的意思。
complement n.补充,补充物,主要指补充不足使之完美。
Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。supplement n.增补,补充,补贴,主要指另外补加,增补。
One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我们在报告完成一年之后,必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。
append n.附加,添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。
The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。component, element, factor, ingredient 这一组名词都有”组成成分“的意思。
component n.零部件;(某事物的)组成部分;成分。
Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎,引擎,车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。element n.元素;组成部分,方面;某特定类型的人或群体,分子。
The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。factor n.因素,要素,侧重指原因。
Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。ingredient n.原料,成分,要素。Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。comprise, compose, consist, constitute 这一组动词都有”组成,包含“的意思。
comprise v.包含,包括,由……组成(整体);组成,构成。
Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。compose v.构成(整体),组成;由……组成(后接of,常用于被动语态);创作(作曲、诗歌等)。
The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。consist v.组成,构成,由……组成(后接of,常用于主动语态);(后接in)在于,存在于。The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。constitute v.构成,组成(整体)。
Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。concentrate, focus 这两个动词都有”集中“的意思。
concentrate v.集中,集中精力(后接on,宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西);浓缩,压缩。
During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间,同学们集中精力回答问题。focus v.集中(于某事物);将(注意力等)集中于……(后接on,宾语一般不是具体的东西)。Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。confinement, limitation, restraint 这一组名词都有”限制,局限“的意思。
confinement n.限制,囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。
The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。limitation n.限制,局限;(能力的)缺点,弱点。
That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。restraint n.克制,抑制;约束措施。
Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母亲很生气,她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。
considerable, considerate 这是一对形近易混的形容词。
considerable a.相当大的,相当多的;值得考虑的。
That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。considerate a.考虑周到的,体贴的,后面常跟of结构。
He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。conserve, preserve, reserve 这是一组形近易混词,且都有”保存“的意思。conserve v.保存,保藏,保护(强调节约)。
In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天,为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。preserve v.保护;维持;保养;防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。
The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留,储备(强调为某一特殊目的);订(座位),预定。
We are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。continual, continuous, constant, incessant 这一组形容词都有”不断的,不停的“的意思。
continual a.连续不断的;频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫,真是烦死人了。continuous a.不停的,连续不断的,强调中间不停顿。
Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。constant a.不断的,经常的,强调始终如一地经常出现。
Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。incessant a.不停的,持续不断的,强调令人厌烦地重复出现,中间有可能有停顿。
Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。convert, invert, revert, transform 这一组动词都有”转变“的意思。
convert v.转变,变换,含有”使某人改变观点“的意思。He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。
invert v.使颠倒,使倒转,使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.婴儿把杯子打翻,弄洒了里面的橙汁。
revert v.归还,恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died,ownership reverted back to John.约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子,当他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有权重新归于约翰。transform v.改变,转变,指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。credible, credulous, plausible 这一组形容词都有”可信的“意思。credible a.可信的,可靠的。
That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那个学生跟老师讲了实情,她没来上课是因为她病了。
credulous a.轻信的,易于相信的。
She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易轻信别人,竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。
plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常带有怀疑的意思。
Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.虽然这个解释合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。decline, refuse, reject, deny 这组动词都有”拒绝“的意思。
decline v.婉言拒绝,谢绝,相当于refuse politely,主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求,后接名词或动词不定式,主语只能是人。
I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起,可是她婉言谢绝了。refuse v.是比较普通的用词,表示”拒绝“,含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。reject v.抛弃,不采纳,主语可以是人或物,后接名词,不能接动词不定式。
He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影,但每一次都被拒绝。deny v.否认,否定,其后可接名词,代词或that从句。
The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。deduce, induce, reduce deduce v.推断,推理,演绎。
My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him;today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默,今天他很沉默,所以我推断她生气了。induce v.引诱,劝;引起,导致。reduce v.减轻,减小;降低。delay, postpone delay v.延期,延缓,耽搁,常指由于不可避免的障碍等原因而延期。
Her late arrival delayed the start of the meeting.她的迟到使会议延迟开始。postpone v.耽搁,暂缓,常指将某事放置一边,等到另一事发生或一定时间后再做。
Our meeting for today was postponed until next week.我们今天的会议推迟到下周举行。demonstrate, illustrate 这两个词都有”说明“的意思。
demonstrate v.多指通过具体动作或物体进行演示、示范、表演、展示等以达到说明或解释的目的。
This salesman demonstrated how to cook with a pressure cooker.这个推销员当众演示如何用压力锅煮东西。illustrate v.强调通过举例、列图表或比较等方式来说明道理。
The teacher illustrated the history lesson by telling a story about George Washington.那个老师通过乔治·华盛顿的故事来讲述他的历史课。
disappear, vanish, fade 这一组词都有”消失“的意思。
disappear v.消失,不见;灭绝,不复存在。是个一般用语。
The little dog was just there, then he disappeared.那条小狗刚才就在那里,然后就不见了。vanish v.消失,不见,指突然间化为乌有,强调非常彻底地、神秘莫测地消失、失踪。
The man ran into the shop and vanished from sight.那个男子跑到了商店里,然后就消失了。fade v.指衣服的颜色褪色,声音的逐渐消失。
The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink.墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。decline, decrease, diminish, reduce 这一组动词都有”减少“的意思。
decline v.(数量、数字、价格、比率)下降,下落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。decrease v.减少,减小,强调逐渐地下降或减少的过程。
diminish v.(力量、势力)减弱,减少,强调由于某种原因而减少,这种减少可以造成能够为人们所察觉的后果或损失。The need to take action has diminished.已经没有多少需要采取行动的必要性了。
reduce v.是及物动词,指通过人为的方法在数量、规模、范围等方面减少,也可以指在地位、重要性方面降低等级。He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动,体重减轻了20磅。deviate, distract, divert 这三个词都有”转移“的意思。
deviate v.背离,偏离。多指脱离正轨或正题等。
He deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成为一名吸毒者,从而违背了社会道德准则。distract v.使分心,分散(注意力、心理等)。常带有不能专心的意思。
Noise distracts him, so he can't study for exams.喧闹声分散了他的注意力,所以他无法进行考试的复习。divert v.转移,使转向,着重改变后的结果,后常接介词from。
A loud noise diverted everyone's attention from their work.一声巨响转移了每个人的工作注意力。dip, immerse, submerge 这几个词都有”浸,浸入“的意思。
dip v.浸,浸染,蘸。多指短时地将某物部分地浸到液体中,有小心翼翼的意思。The artist dipped his brush in the paint.艺术家拿画笔蘸了蘸颜料。
immerse v.沉浸,使沉浸于。指全部浸泡在液体中达一段时间,也可指一种氛围。Students immerse themselves in their studies.同学们在专心致志地学习。submerge v.浸没,淹没。多指全部浸没在水下达一定深度。
The girl was submerged in the shallow end of the pool.女孩泡在水池的浅水区一端。divide, separate 这两个动词都有”分开“的意思。
divide v.分开,划分,指把整体分成若干部分,也表示”疏远“的意思,常用结构为”divide…from“。The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.这家大公司分成了一些较小的公司。
separate v.作及物动词时,意思是”分隔“,指把原来连接在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,常用结构为”separate…from“;作不及物动词时,表示”分散,分别“。
duty, obligation, responsibility duty n.指道义上的责任,强调自觉性,作可数名词时指本职工作的任务。
His duty is to see that the business runs well.他的职责是保证生意良好运转。obligation n.指合同或法律上规定的”责任,义务“,强调其约束力。
Parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.父母有法律上的义务确保其子女受到适合其年龄的有效教育。responsibility n.职责,强调对后果要负责任的意思。
His father is ill, and he has the responsibility of caring for him.他的父亲病了,他有责任照顾他。eject, inject, project 这是一组形近易混词。eject v.跳出,喷出,弹射出。
The pilot ejected from the falling airplane.飞行员从坠落的飞机中弹射出去。inject v.注射。
The nurse injected some medicine into the patient with a needle.护士用注射器给患者打针。project v.伸出,突出;预计,预报;投射,放映。
The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.阳台从房子的墙壁上突出来。
The government projects that the defense budget will increase by 20%.政府预计国防预算将增长百分之二十。eligible, illegible eligible a.享有权利的,具备资格的。
He graduated from high school with good grades, so he is eligible to enroll in the state college.他以优异的成绩从中学毕业,所以他有资格就读于州立大学。
illegible a.很难看懂的,难以辨认的。
The writing is illegible;I cannot read what it says.字迹不清楚,我看不清上面写的是什么。eminent, imminent 这是一组形近易混词。
eminent a.著名的,卓越的,接触的。
He is eminent in the field of linguistics.他在语言学领域很有名。imminent a.即将发生的,迫在眉睫的,临近的。
The wedding date is imminent, so we must send invitations.婚礼迫近,所以我们必须发放请柬了。emotion, feeling, passion, sensation, sentiment 这一组名词都有”感情“的意思。
emotion n.情感,感情,指喜怒哀乐等较激动的情绪,表示某物引起的激动。
He felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.当他想起她时便产生一种复杂的感情。feeling n.指一般的情绪、感觉,它一般不反映感情的本质和强度。passion n.激情,热情,欲望,极度的仇恨,指强烈的爱好、愤怒或情欲。
He spoke with passion about the love of freedom.他满腔热情地谈论着对自由的热爱。sensation n.指人体感官受到外部刺激时产生的感觉,知觉。
When she watched the film, she had the sensation that she was in a moving car.她看电影时,感觉自己正坐在一辆开动的汽车上。
sentiment n.思想感情,情绪,感情色彩,指由于某种思想唤起的感情,强调主观作用,有时候也带有理智成分。
When our grandmother died, we remembered her life with strong sentiment.当祖母逝世时,我们深深地怀念她的一生。encourage, excite, inspire, motivate, stimulate 这一组动词都有”鼓励、刺激“的意思。
encourage v.鼓励,促进,含有”使增强勇气或给予希望“的意味。
He encouraged his son to go to good college.他鼓励他的儿子上名牌大学。excite v.指使人感到激动、兴奋;煽动,鼓动。
The band played louder and excited the audience.乐队演奏得更响亮了,使观众兴奋起来。inspire v.鼓舞,激发,影响,常常带有”启迪,启发“的意思。
My mother inspires us with stories of her difficult childhood.我的妈妈给我们讲童年时的艰苦生活以激励我们。motivate v.激发,促动,强调激起动机去做某事。
A desire to go to medical school motivates her to study hard everyday.她希望上医学院,这成了她每天努力学习的动力。stimulate v.刺激,激发,促进,强调刺激反应的结果。Cold air stimulates me.冷空气刺激我振作起来。equal, equivalent, identical 这一组形容词都有”相同的,相等的“的意思。
equal a.(数字、数量、权力、价值)相等的;(指人)胜任的。Those two tables are of equal length.这两张桌子一样长。
It is a big responsibility to take on, so I hope he 's equal to the task.要担负的责任很大,我希望他能够胜任这项任务。equivalent a.相等的,相同的,与equal基本可以互换使用。
The two computers are equivalent in speed.这两台计算机在运算速度上是相同的。identical a.同一的,完全相同的。
The boys are identical twins.这两个男孩子是一模一样的双胞胎。equipment, facility, instrument equipment n.指生产、研究所需要的设备、装置,如各种机器和器材,是不可数名词。a factory with modern equipment具有现代化设备的工厂
facility n.指较大的设施、设备,尤指公用的、为大众带来便利的设备。
The facility at that club includes tennis courts and a swimming pool.那家俱乐部的体育设施包括网球场地和一个游泳池。instrument n.乐器,仪器,为某个用途而使用的工具。
As a flexible actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.作为一个多才多艺的演员,他既可以表演,又会唱歌跳舞,还能够演奏不同种类的乐器。essential, indispensable, necessary essential a.表示属于某事物的要素或特征是”主要的,核心的,本质的,必不可少的“。
The essential point is we must do what the contract says.核心的一点是我们必须按照合同的规定去做。indispensable a.强调客观上是必不可少的,否则就无法维持生命或做不成某一件事。Warm clothing is indispensable in cold weather.在寒冷的天气里,厚衣服是必不可少的。necessary a.是一般用语,强调从主观上看是必须的,不可避免的。exceed, surpass, transcend 这一组动词都有”超过“的意思。
exceed v.多于,大于,超过,多指数量或允许的限度。
Sales of the new product exceeded our estimates.新产品的销售超出了我们的预计。surpass v.优于或超过某人(某物)。
The runner surpassed his old record by 10 seconds.跑步运动员比他过去的记录提高了10秒。transcend v.超出或超越,一般指超越经验、常识、普通能力等,强调难以为大众理解。The nature of God transcends of human comprehension.上帝的本质难以为人们所理解。faint, feeble, fragile, weak faint a.虚弱的,眩晕的,指人在特定场合感觉到的虚弱,通常不是天生体质上的虚弱而是由于某种原因造成的暂时的情况。The summer sun was so strong that she felt faint.夏天的阳光太强烈了,她感觉到眩晕。feeble a.虚弱的,无力的,常用来形容人的声音或行为。
The elderly lady has become feeble and unable to care herself.这个老太太已经很虚弱了,无法照顾她自己。fragile a.脆弱的,易碎的,指物体容易打碎,或人体质虚弱、容易受伤害。That dish is fragile, so be careful.那个盘子容易碎,所以千万小心。
weak a.这组词中应用范围最广的一个,既可以指身体虚弱的,无力的,也可引申为在力量、权力、技能、影响等方面有欠缺或软弱。The patient is losing blood and becoming weak.病人在失血,身体开始虚弱下去。feasible, practicable, practical, pragmatic feasible a.可行的,行得通的,用来表示实施后可以成功的。
Your work plan is feasible, so we can build the bridge immediately.你的工作计划是可行的,所以我们可以马上修建那座桥。practicable a.能实施的,可行的,只表示一种可能性,但是实施后的效果不一定理想。
Their marriage was so bad that divorce seemed the only practicable solution.他们的婚姻是如此的糟糕以至于离婚似乎是唯一可行的解决办法。
practical a.实践的,实用的,实际的,指未经过实践检验的事物,如计划、项目等。
She felt that most of what she learned in the course was of no practical use.她感到在课上学到的大部分知识都没有实际用途。pragmatic a.讲究实际的,实用的,务实的,强调用常识解决实际问题,不追求不切实际的目标。
He would like to be a doctor, but he has a pragmatic attitude and realizes that he cannot afford medical school.他想成为一名医生,但是他很实际,知道自己上不起医学院。
gaze, gape, glance, glare, glimpse, peer, peep, stare 这一组动词都含有”看“的意思。
gaze v.凝视,注视,指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。
She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。gape v.(张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看,强调一种吃惊的状态。
The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.在动物园,孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。glance v.(粗略地、随便地)一瞥,看一眼。
He glanced over the letter he had just received.他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。glare v.怒目而视,强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看;眩目地照射。
The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫,她也怒目而视。glimpse v.与glance意思相近,短促地看一眼,一瞥。
peer v.指眯起眼睛仔细看,尤指看不清楚的情况下;费力地看,凝视。
Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.因为有点近视,她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。peep v.窥视,偷看。
The mother peeped into the bedroom to see if her child was asleep.母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下,看她的孩子是否睡着了。stare v.凝视,盯着,指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视,常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman;it wasn't nice.我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人,那样看人不礼貌。historical, historic 这两个形容词都和”历史“有关系。
historical a.历史上的,有关历史的,史学方面的,以历史为基础的。The French Revolution was of great historical importance.法国革命具有重要的历史意义。historic a.历史上著名的,重要的。
a historic meeting between two leaders两个领袖间的历史性会晤 hospitality, hostility 这是一组形近易混词。
hospitality n.热情招待,殷勤好客。
We enjoyed the hospitality of friends at their country home.朋友们在乡下的居所热情地招待了我们,使我们过得很愉快。hostility n.来自与形容词hostile(不友善的,敌对的),敌意,对抗。
You can feel the hostility coming from that man.你可以感觉到那个人的敌意。hypercritical, hypocritical hypercritical a.吹毛求疵的,批评苛刻的。
He is so hypercritical that he corrects every mistake his students made.他很苛刻,对于学生的每个错误都要纠正。hypocritical a.虚伪的,伪善的。hypocritical behavior伪善的行为 ignore, neglect, omit, overlook 这一组动词都有”忽略“的意思。
ignore v.忽视,不理睬,指有意识地拒绝。
She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走过来,但是装作没看见。neglect v.忽视,忽略,疏忽,指无意识地忽视或忘记。
He neglected to make repairs in his house.他忘记了修理房子。
omit v.遗漏,忽略,忘记,指由于疏忽而忘记,也可以表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。
She omitted several steps in the experiment and it failed.她在实验中遗漏了几个步骤,结果实验失败了。overlook v.忽略,疏漏,指有意识地遗漏,也可以指无意识地忽略。
The mother overlooked her little boy's bad behavior.那位母亲忽视了她的小儿子的不良行为。imaginable, imaginary, imaginative imaginable a.可想象的,往往作后置定语,所修饰的名词前常加all,every,only或形容词的最高级。In her painting, she has used every color imaginable.在她的绘画中,她用了所以可以想象的到的色彩。imaginary a.虚构的,想象中的。
The child has an imaginary friend.那个孩子有个假想中的朋友。imaginative a.富于想象力的。
an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家 imitate, intimate, intimidate 这是一组形近易混词。
imitate v.模仿,仿效;复制,仿造。
The boy imitates his father's way of talking.那个男孩模仿他父亲说话的样子。intimate a.亲密的;温馨的,舒适的。
We have had an intimate friendship since we were young.我们自年轻时代起就建立了亲密的友谊。intimidate v.恐吓,威胁。
An older boy intimidated the little children when he took their lunch money.一个年龄大一点的男孩恐吓那些小孩子,并且抢走了他们的午饭钱。
imperial, imperious imperial a.帝国的,帝王的;帝王般的,威严的;英制的(非公制的度量衡制,如磅,加仑,品脱等)。the imperial guards帝国卫士 imperious a.傲慢的,专横的。The strict father showed an imperious attitude toward his children.那个严厉父亲对孩子的态度很专横。imply, infer imply v.(从言语或态度中)暗示,暗指(某种事情)。
The Secretary of the Treasury implied that interest rates would go down.财政大臣暗示利率将下降。infer v.(根据已知事实)推断,推理。
I infer from your smile that you are happy.从你的笑容可以看出你很高兴。industrial, industrious 这是一组形近易混词。
industrial a.工业的,产业的,来自于名词industry。
Industrial production is up this year;but agriculture is weak.今年的工业产值上升了,但是农业依然薄弱。industrious a.勤奋的,忙碌的。
She started her own business and is now very industrious.她自己开了一家公司,因此很忙碌。initial, original, primitive initial a.开始的,最初的,强调处于事物的起始阶段,也可以指位于开头地方的。
My initial good opinion of him changed with time.时间长了我对他最初的好印象改变了。
original a.最初的,最早的;原版的,原物的。指按顺序是首位的,在此前不再有更为原始的同类的东西;也指原件的,原物的,非仿造的东西。This is the original piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.就是在这架钢琴上,这位作曲家创作出了他的一些伟大的作品。
primitive a.原始的,上古的,早期的,指处于人类生命或事物发展的早期阶段,也可以指自然的或简朴的。Primitive tribes live in the Amazon River basin.原始部落居住在亚马逊河盆地。interfere, intervene, interrupt, disturb 这几个词都有”干扰“的意思。
interfere v.干涉,妨碍。常指干涉或妨碍他人(的事),着重指有影响,当”干涉“讲时,后多接in,当”妨碍,打扰“时后多接with。It's unwise to interfere between husband and wife.干涉别人夫妇间的事是不明智的 intervene v.干涉,干预,较为正式,常指带有行动的干预;此外,还有”调停“的意思。Would you intervene if you saw a parent hit a child?要是你看到家长打孩子你会干预吗? interrupt v.打扰,打断,阻碍。常有”使……停止(中断)“的意思。
His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.他的讲话频频被掌声所打断。disturb v.打扰,妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.噩梦妨碍她的睡眠。invaluable, valueless invaluable a.无价的,非常宝贵的,相当于priceless。
Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.你帮忙搬那个大冰箱,你的帮助是可贵的。valueless a.没有价值的,相当于worthless。
That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.那个手镯是一件便宜的、不值钱的首饰。jealous, envious jealous a.妒忌的,暗含有憎恶与不好的感情。
He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.当别的男人和他的女朋友说话时间],他会很嫉妒。envious a.羡慕的,强调攀比心理所造成的羡慕。
He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.他很羡慕我的新车,也想要一辆同样的。judicial, judicious 这是一组形近易混词。
judicial a.司法的,法律的,法庭的。
The judicial system settles arguments between people.司法系统解决人与人之间的争端。judicious a.果断的,明智的,是个正式用语。
He made a judicious decision to save money for his old age.他做了一个明智的决定,要为他的晚年攒钱。minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate 这一组形容词都有”次等“的意思。
minor a较少的,较小的,较次要的,常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。
We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.我们对合同中的一切问题,甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。inferior a.次等的,较劣的,差的,当”下级“讲时,强调职位的高低;当”次等“讲时,指素质、质量等的低劣。Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。secondary a.第二等的,次要的,强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。
My job is of secondary importance to my health.我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。subordinate a.次要的,从属的,下级的,强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。opt, apt 这是一对形近易混词。opt v.选择,抉择,后接for。
She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.她选择了在冬天休假而不是夏天。apt a.易于……的,(后接to);恰当的,贴切的。
She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.如果你给她施加的压力过大,她就很容易出错。rational, reasonable rational a.理性的,区别于无理性;理智的,区别于感情用事的。
The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.理智的做法是送病人去看医生。reasonable a.有道理的,公平合理的,或指人讲道理的。
That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.那个人工作努力,所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。refrain, restrain, constrain refrain v.抑制,禁止,强调抑制一种冲动,是正式用语,为不及物动词,后接介词from。Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.学生们克制住不在教师抽烟。
restrain v.抑制,约束,指通过管束阻止某事发生,是及物动词,其习惯用法是restrain sb.(sth.)from doing。She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗时,她牵着狗来限制它的活动。constrain v.强迫,力劝,是及物动词。
A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府开支大于收入。respectable, respectful, respective 这是一组形近易混词。
respectable a.值得尊敬的,有好名声的。
They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.他们在家乡是受人们敬爱和信任的人。respectful a.尊敬他人的,恭敬的。
Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.师生应该相互彬彬有礼。respective a.单个的,分别的。revolve, evolve, involve revolve v.旋转,转动。
The room began to revolve , then he fainted.屋子开始旋转,然后他就昏倒了。evolve v.发展,演变。
Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.几千年来,农业发展得很缓慢。involve v.需要,包含;使卷入,牵涉。
Getting a driver's license involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.要得到驾驶执照需要学习开车,学习交通规则,还要经过考试。sanction, sanitation sanction n.认可,准许,批准。
I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.我晚回家需要得到父母的批准。sanitation n.公共卫生,环境卫生,卫生设备。
Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.在理发店和餐馆等营业场所执行严格的公共卫生制度。scenery, scene, view, landscape 这一组名词都有”景色"的意思。
scenery n.风景,景色,舞台布景,强调从美的角度看,某个国家或地区的总体外貌。
Each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery.我们每年到山区渡假,并欣赏那里的风景。scene n.指从远处看到的某一具体景色、景象,也可以指人物的活动场面;(犯罪的)地点,现场。
They stood gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park.他们站在那里,注视着孩子们在公园里玩耍的场景。view n.指从远处或窗户看到的视野范围内的风景;观点,看法。Our house has a view of the park.我们的房子可以看到公园的景色。landscape n.(自然的)风景,景色;风景画。
The landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.站在群山之巅看到的是一片美丽的绿色。sensible, sensitive, sentimental, sensational 这是一组形近易混词。
sensible a.有知觉的,可感知的;明智的。
The patient was speechless but still sensible.病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。sensitive a.敏感的,灵敏的。
This film is sensitive to light.这种胶片对光很敏感。sentimental a.多愁善感的,感伤的。
The novel has scenes full of love and loss;it is so sentimental!小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合,真是感伤啊!sensational a.耸人听闻的,令人激动的。
I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我听到一则耸人听闻的故事:十岁女孩做妈妈。technological, technical 这是一组形近易混词。technological a.技术上的。
a major technological breakthrough主要技术性突破 technical a.技术的,工艺(学)的;专门的,深奥的。
The banker made some technical points about the economy in his speech.银行家在他的关于经济的演说中提出了几个很专业的论点。transaction, transition, transmission, transformation, transfer 这是一组在考研和CET-6中经常出现的形近易混词。transaction n.交易行为,处理。
Transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.今天证券交易所的股票成交额上升了。transition n.(从一种情况到另一种的)过渡,更替。
The transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.对于学生来说,从中学到大学的过渡会是困难的。transmission n.传播(比如疾病);广播。
The transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.细菌通过接触、呼吸和饮食传播。transformation n.(外观或性质的)改变,改观,转变。
His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.他结婚之后性格判若两人。transfer n.转移,转让;(工作的)调动;(旅途中的)换乘,改变路线。
The club's goalkeeper isn't happy here, and has asked a transfer.这个足球俱乐部的守门员在此过得不愉快,已经要求转会到其他俱乐部。
第三篇:考研英语写作替换词.新东方老师总结
1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的),promising(有希望的),perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill(有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换
eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注:用many, if not most 一定要小心,many后一定要有词。Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some 6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因为是书面语,所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing 8: shared 代 common 9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits)10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable...替换 unnecessary, avoidable 17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb.be interested in 18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth 23.desire 替换want.24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替换remember 26.enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)27.interaction替换communication 28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance 30.next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible
写作词汇杂谈
存
在come to be;come into existence;come to birth;come into being 考虑consider;take into consideration;take into account 考虑到in consideration of 用尽力气exhaust one’s strength;use up one’s strength 开动initiate;set going 准备…brace for;prepare for 在于lie in;rest on;rest with 主动take the initiative 不算exclusive of;not counting;leaving out 应该得到deserve;have right to;is worthy of 避免avoid;shun;get around;circumvent 幻想fantasy;play of the mind 以此标准来算by this criterion;by this standard 乍看之下at first glance 面对in the face of;in the presence of 以by means of;by virtue of;by the use of 不惜代价at all costs 每况愈下from bad to worse 承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes 取得同意…get the go-ahead to 不择手段unscrupulously;by hook or by crook 想法与作法beliefs and practices 内情ins and outs;turns and twists 关键时刻the critical moment 虽然although;notwithstanding;albeit;though 根
据according to;on the basis of;on the ground of(that);in the light of;in line with;in accordance with 逃避问题evade the question 增大enlarge;extend;aggrandize 澄清clarify;make clear 赔偿compensate for;give…as compensation for 实现carry out;implement;realize;make…come true 假定suppose;assume;postulate;hypothesize 极端的radical;extreme 极端的措施drastic measures 剩下的the rest;the remainder;what is left 换言之in other words;put another way 结果result;aftermath;consequence 优点advantage;strength;strong point;merit;benefit 简言之put simply;in short;in brief;in a nutshell 举
例
而
言for instance;for example;to illustrate;let us cite 特别是an illustration;to cite a concrete case 特
别
是especially;more than others;particularly;in particular 既然…now that…;seeing that…
迹象inkling;hint;clue;a slight suggestion 缺
点disadvantage;demerit;shortcoming;drawback;weakness 除去do away with;eliminate;remove;get rid of 缺少for lack of;for a deficiency of 毕竟after all;all in all 范围scope;field;realm 潜力potential;行为conduct;behavior;doings 隔绝isolate;insulate 分辨出identify;recognize 不易懂的elusive;hard to understand 展开unfold 回馈feedback 主导的人
物a dominant figure;a controlling man;the most influential person 观点viewpoint;point of view;perspective;standpoint 正在进行中is underway 只是一种姿态is merely a gesture 立场position;stand;stance 意向inclination;leaning;intention 特权privilege;a special right 来自stem from;come from 一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact 交织intertwine;interweave 好奇心the eager desire to know;curiosity 尊敬respect;esteem;think highly of 顽固的headstrong;obstinate;stubborn 暗淡的gloomy;dark;dim 巨大的huge;gigantic;colossal;vast;enormous;tremendous 探索explore;fathom 执行carry out;execute;do 现代modern times;modern age;contemporary age 偏见prejudice;bias;partiality;predilection 混乱chaos;commotion;confusion;disturbance;tumult 无弹性(僵硬)rigid 无缺点的flawless;airtight 无药可救incurable 无法避免的unavoidable;inevitable 细密的计划elaborate plan 取消cancel;annul;abolish 解药a cure for…;a remedy for;谜puzzle;riddle;enigma
第四篇:新东方考研熟词僻义核心词汇总结
新东方考研熟词僻义核心词汇总结 academic a.①学校的,学院的;②学术的;n.学者,大学教师
【真题例句】 If the preoccupation of schools with academic(a.①)work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.[1995年阅读4] 【例句精译】 如果学校对学业的强调减少一些,也许就有更多的时间教孩子更重要的价值观念。
【真题例句】 Mr.McWhorter‟s academic(a.②)speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.[2005年阅读4]
例句精译】 麦克沃特先生的学术专长在于语言史和语言变化,举例来说,他认为“whom”一词的逐渐消失是很自然的,并不比旧式英语中词格的消失更让人惋惜。
【真题例句】 Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic(n.)and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “reengineering” has been crude.[1998年阅读2]
【例句精译】 哈佛学者伦纳德·施莱辛格是一家迅速扩张的美ζ面包店的前总裁,他说,许多“企业重组”都不成熟。accommodate ①留宿,收容;②供应,供给;③使适应;使符合
【真题例句】 And they also need to give serious(21:thought)to how they can be best(22:accommodate)(③)such changes.[2003年完形] 【例句精译】 他们也应该认真考虑青少年是如何适应这些变化的。
3.acknowledge v.①承认,认为;②致谢;③确认
【真题例句】 Dr.Worm acknowledges(①)that these figures are conservative, one reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.[2006年阅读3] 【例句精译】 Worm博士承认这些数据还是保守的,一个原因就是捕渔技术已经改进了很多。
4.act v.①行动,做事;②(on)起作用;③表演;④(for)代表,代替;n.①行为,动作;②
(一)幕;③法令,条例
【真题例句】 Governments throughout the world act(v.②)on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.[2000年翻译]
【例句精译】 世界各国的政府都基于一种观点行政,即人民的福利在很大程度上取决于本国的经济实力和国家的财富。
【真题例句】 The paid manager acting(v.④)for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar 1 personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[1996年阅读3] 【例句精译】 代表公司进行管理的领薪经理们与工人和工人的需求形成更加直接的关系,但甚至他们也很少像正在被淘汰的旧式家族企业的家长制中的雇主那样熟悉和了解工人的情况。
【真题例句】 Some , however , are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act(n.①)to alter the growth pattern of different areas.[1996年翻译] 【例句精译】 然而,不同的发展过程中,有些不怎?合理——在这些发展过程中,一些权威人士对科学研究应该采取的方式有偏见,从而改变了不同科学领域的发展模式。
【真题例句】 The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government‟s Broadcasting Act(n.③)to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.[1996年阅读2]
【例句精译】 按撒切尔政府广播法的要求,商业电视频道——第一和第四频道——正在进行商业化,彼此竞争广告业务,降低成本,裁减员工。
5.address n.地址,通讯处,致词;v.①致函,写姓名地址;②向……讲话;③处理 【真题例句】 Depending on whom you are addressing(v.②), the problems will be different.[2002年阅读1] 【例句精译】 针对不同的听众,要谈的问题也应该不同。6.aggressive
a.①侵略的,好斗的;②大胆的,积极的
【真题例句】 Now it is a social policy, the most important and aggressive(②)promoter of gambling in America is the government.[2006年新题型]
【例句精译】 现在这是一种社会政策,赌博业最重要的和最激进的支持者是美国政府。anchor n.①ê;②新闻节目主持人;v.抛ê,停泊
【真题例句】 Fast-food eaters, news anchors(n.②), text messengers, all smiling, smiling.[2006年阅读4]
【例句精译】 快餐食客、新闻主播、发短信的人,都在微笑、微笑。
【真题例句】 Hot spots, anchored(v.)in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question.[1998年阅读5] 【例句精译】 λ于地壳深处的热点提供了解决该问题的测量依据。8 Appreciate v.①感谢,感激;②正确评价,欣赏,赏识
【真题例句】 66.The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that_____.[2000年阅读4]
【真题例句】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will 2 improve only when there are(17:comprehensive)programs that address(v.③)the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形]
【例句精译】 《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯?雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需求,这种局面才有可能得到改善。[D] the Japanese appreciate(②)their present life
【例句精译】 66、_____事实显示:日本人的生活方式发生了改变。[D] 日本人欣赏现有的生活
9apprehensive a.①有理解力的;②忧虑的,担心的
【真题例句】 52.What is many captive shippers‟ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[2003年阅读3] [D] Apprehensive(②).【例句精译】
52、许多受控制的托运人对铁·部门的合并是什?态度? [D] 担心,害怕 Argue v.①争论,辩论;②认为,主张,论证;③说服
【真题例句】 The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing(①)about the rights of animals is fruitless.[1997年翻译]
【例句精译】 关键问题是:如果对人的权利?有共同认识,那?讨论动物的权利就是毫无结果的。
【真题例句】 He is not arguing(②), as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.[2005年阅读4]
【例句精译】 不像其他大多数人,麦克沃特先生并不认为我们说话方式不规范就不能使我们直接思考。
11Attach v.①(to)缚上,系上,贴上;②使依附,使隶属,使依恋;③附加,附带;④把~放在
【真题例句】 A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached(①)to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.[1998年阅读3] 【例句精译】 1996年对新闻报道的调查表明,反科学的标签也贴在了许多其他群体身上,这些人包括从提倡消灭所有现存的天花病毒的官方人士到倡议削减基础研究基金的共和党人。
【真题例句】 They(particularly Quebec and Alberta)just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached(③).[2005年新题型]
【例句精译】 这些官员(尤其是魁北克省和阿伯塔省)只希望政府当局额外出钱,如有可能,还会附带条件。【真题例句】 The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached(④)great importance to, and derived great benefit from, 3 craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.[1994年翻译]
【例句精译】 推崇技术的现代学派认为,像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯Τ、爱因斯坦这样的大师以及像爱迪生这样的发明家都非常重视科学实验中使用的不同技术信息和技术设施,并从中受益颇深。
12contend v.①竞争,斗争;②坚决主张,声称,认为
【真题例句】 It is the playgoers, the RSC contends(②), who bring in much of the town‟s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.[2006年阅读2]
【例句精译】 皇家莎士比亚公司(RSC)声称是看戏的人给小镇带来了大部分收入,因为他们整个晚上(有时甚至是四、五个晚上)都把钱花到旅馆和饭店上。
13Cook n.炊事员,厨师;v.①烹调,煮,烧;②α造
【真题例句】 If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook(n.①)14beam ①(横)梁,桁条;②(光线的)束,柱;v.①微笑;②发光
【真题例句】 Our magazines feature beaming(v.①)celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.[2006年阅读4]
【例句精译】 我们的杂志突出刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭。
15cement
n.①水泥;②胶泥,胶接剂;v.①胶合;②巩固,加强
【真题例句】 Egypt‟s leadership in the Arab world was cemented(v.②)by the Aswan High Dam.[1998年阅读1]
【例句精译】 埃及在阿拉伯世界的领导地λ因阿斯旺大坝而得以巩固。16Chair n.①椅子;②主席(职λ);vt.主持,担任
【真题例句】 “It‟s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair(n.②)of psychology at Chicago‟s Medical Center,“If you don‟t like it, change it.”[2005年阅读3]
【例句精译】 芝加哥医疗中心心理部主任Rosalind Cartwright指出“这是你的梦,你不喜欢它,你可以改变它”。
【真题例句】 Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired(vt.)by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.[1999年阅读4]
【例句精译】 他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧学技术去克?人,并下令禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验——尽管还?有人提出那样的要求——并责令成立一个由 4 普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德?夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组,在90天内拿出有关克?人的国策建议,向白宫汇报。
17climate
n.①气候;②风气,社会思潮
【真题例句】 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates(①).[1998年阅读4] 【例句精译】 逃离人口过度稠密区的做法改变了以前那种离开寒冷地带去气候宜人之地的趋势。
【真题例句】 When the work is well done, a(43:climate)(②)of accident-free operations is established(44:where)time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.[1999年完形]
【例句精译】 如果此项工作做得好的话,就会形成无事故作业的好风气,因此那儿的因工伤事故所造成的时间损失就会被控制在最低限度。
18Code n.①代码,代号,密码;②法典,法规,规划
【真题例句】 Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code(①)during World War II to send secret messages.[2004年翻译]
【例句精译】 美洲的土著语言是如此地“与众不同”,甚至美军在第二次世界大战中用土著语言Navajo发送密码。
【真题例句】(49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code(②), which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.[2006年翻译] 【例句精译】(49)但是,普通科学家的主要任务并非思考指导其行为的道德规范,正如我们并不指望商人把精力投入到商业行为的探索一样。
19column
n.①圆柱,柱状物;②列;③(报刊中的)专栏
【真题例句】 “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column(③), “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.”[1997年阅读4]
【例句精译】 他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道:“对任何一个民主社会的检验标准不在于它能多有效地压制各种情感的表达,而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由,尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。”
【真题例句】 Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties---he is not supposed to cook(n.②)his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.[2006年翻译] 【例句精译】 像其他人类一样,普通科学家甚至在?天日常的工作中都遭遇到了道义上的问题——他不应该α造他的实验、制造证据或改动他的报告。20 Coverage n.①新闻报导(范Φ);②保险项目
【真题例句】 With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation‟s news coverage(①), as well as listen to it.[1996年阅读2]
【例句精译】 随着BBC(英国广播公司)全世界电视节目的开播,亚洲和美洲的数以百万计的人不仅可以听到它的新闻广播,而且也能看到它的电视新闻报道了。21Crack n.①裂纹,缝隙;②破裂声;v.①(使)开裂;②解决;③(get ~ing)开始
【真题例句】 As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures(cracks)(n.①);in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.[1998年阅读5] 【例句精译】 随着这个圆顶的增大,板块出现深深的裂缝。至少有几次,大?可能会沿着其中的一些裂缝完全裂开,因此这个热点就引发了一个新的海洋的形成。【真题例句】 Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked(v.①)rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.[1997年阅读5]
【例句精译】 因此,才会有人将货币政策的指导作用比作是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、破碎的后视镜及方向盘失灵的破汽车。
【真题例句】 So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking(v.③)about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[2005年新题型]
【例句精译】 所以,当官员们聚集在尼亚加拉瀑布城像往常一样不停的抱怨时,他们也应该在自己的权限范Φ内开始做些有利于他们的预算和病人的事情。22craft n.①工艺,手艺,技巧;②飞机,飞船;③行业;v.精工制作
【真题例句】 The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft(n.①)information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.[1994年翻译]
【例句精译】 推崇技术的现代学派认为,像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯Τ、爱因斯坦这样的大师以及像爱迪生这样的发明家都非常重视科学实验中使用的不同技术信息和技术设施,并从中受益颇深。
【真题例句】 The irony of the historian‟ s craft(n.③)is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.[1999年翻译] 【例句精译】 具有讽刺意ζ的是,在历史学领域,历史学家都知道,他们所做的努力只不过是为一个永无止境的研究过程做一些贡献罢了。
23deliver v.①交付,递送;②发表,表达,陈述;③释放;④接生
【真题例句】 Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver 6(①)a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers‟ computer monitors.[1999年阅读2]
【例句精译】 最突出的例子是“定向投影”网络公司,该公司使用一种屏保系统,将大量最新的信息和广告不断地传送到用户的计算机显示器上。
【真题例句】 Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver(②)in a relaxed and unforced manner.[2002年阅读1]
【例句精译】(练习幽默)包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话,你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。24digest
v.消化;n.摘要,文摘
【真题例句】 70.This passage appears to be a digest(n.)of _____.[1996年阅读5]
[A] a book review
【例句精译】 70、本文似乎是_____的摘要。[A] 一个书评
25discipline n.①纪律;②学科;③训练,训导;④惩罚,处罚;vt.①训练,训导;②惩罚,约束
【真题例句】(72)Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline(n.②)and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.[1999年翻译]
【例句精译】(72)人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
【真题例句】 As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline(n.③), the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”[1996年阅读4] 【例句精译】 正如1853年访美的一个英国访问团成员所报道的那样,“由于有了学校彻底训练过的头脑,美国孩子迅速地成为技术熟练的工人。”
【真题例句】 The cruel discipline(n.④)of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other‟s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.[1996年阅读3] 【例句精译】 罢工和封厂的无情惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量,理解公正谈判的价值。
26dismiss v.①免职,解雇,开除,解散;②.不理会,不考虑
【真题例句】 He dismisses(②)a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish —“the worst sort of ambulance-chasing.”[1998年阅读2]
【例句精译】 他对重组顾问们所作的大量工作不屑一顾,然为那些完全是垃圾——“典型的劳而无获”。
27dock n.船坞,码头;v.入坞,停靠码头
【真题例句】 He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m , then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m.[2006年新题型]
【例句精译】 有时他一次玩两个机器,整夜的玩,直到早上5点关门,然后娱乐场早上9点开门时再回去。
28Doctor n.①博士;②医生;v.α造,篡改
【真题例句】 “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St.Peter.“Oh, that‟s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he‟s a doctor(n.②).”[2002年阅读1] 【例句精译】 “这是谁啊?”新来的人问圣彼得。“哦,那是上帝,”他回答说,“但有时也认为自己是一名医生。” 【真题例句】 Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties---he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor(v.)his reports.[2006年翻译]
【例句精译】 像其他人类一样,普通科学家甚至在?天日常的工作中都遭遇到了道义上的问题——他不应该α造他的实验、制造证据或改动他的报告。29 Document n.公文,文献;vt.记载,证明
【真题例句】 Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr.McWhorter documents(vt.)is unmistakable.[2005年阅读4]
【例句精译】 麦克沃特先生从上层和下层文化中列举了一系列有趣的例子,从中我们可以看出他所记?的这种趋势不可避免。30 draft n.草稿,草案,草图;v.起草,草拟
【真题例句】 That group — the National Bioethics Advisory Commission(NBAC)— has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft(n.)of their recommendations.[1999年阅读4]
【例句精译】 这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极的工作,集思广益,并正在将其意见写成报告;在5月17日的一次会议上,委员们就几乎定稿的建议书取得了一致意见。
【真题例句】 “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft(v.)the new guidelines.[1999年阅读1]
【例句精译】 康奈尔大学法学院一λ参与起草新纲要的教授说,“重要的信息会淹?在细枝末节的汪洋大海之中”。
31Dramatic a.①戏剧的,戏剧性的;②剧烈的,激进的;③显著的,引人注目的【真题例句】 Yet, dramatic(①)instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive.[1995年阅读5] 【例句精译】 然而戏剧性地突然遗忘某事可能会带来适应 8 性方面的问题。
【真题例句】 As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic(②)measures may be ineffective and painful.[2003年阅读4]
【例句精译】 作为一名医生,我深知最昂贵和最激进的手段也可能是无效的和痛苦的;
【真题例句】 Straitford‟s briefs don‟t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic(③)declarations on the chance they might be wrong.[2003年阅读1]
【例句精译】 Straitford公司的简报?有华盛顿许多其他公司常常提供的那种闪烁其词的预报,其他公司这?做是为了避免万一预报不准备人抓住把柄。
32element n.①元素;②组成部分;③人员,分子
【真题例句】 They are different(46:in that)their elements(①)are arranged differently, and each vitamin(47:performs)one or more specific functions in the body.[1996年完形]
【例句精译】 它们的不同之处在于?种维生素内部的元素排列不同,并且?种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特殊作用。
【真题例句】 Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element(②)in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[1996年阅读3]
【例句精译】 对资本与企业的如此大规模的非个人操纵大大地增加了作为一个阶级的持股人的数量及其地λ的重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,不仅从地产和土地所有者的责任中脱离出来,而且几乎相应地也从企业管理的责任中脱离出来。【真题例句】 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element(③)and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[1996年阅读3]
【例句精译】 通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求,并防止了效率的降低,而在过去这种低效率曾使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、三代手中破产倒闭。
33engage
v.①(in)从事,?于;②(to)与……订婚;③聘用;④吸引 【真题例句】 Nevertheless Williams‟s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage(①)in conduct against his will” well.[2006年新题型] 【例句精译】 然而威廉姆斯还是控告娱乐场,明知道他“不可救药地赌博上瘾”还故意“诱惑”他“Υ背他自己的意愿参加赌博”。
【真题例句】 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging(③)a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[1996年阅读3]
【例句精译】 通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求,并防止了效率的降低,而在过去这种低效率曾使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、三代手中破产倒闭。
【真题例句】 To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage(④)sympathy.[1997年翻译]
【例句精译】 对于大多数人来说,看见一个动物在受苦,足以引起他们同情。
34experiment n.试验;v.(on)做实验
【真题例句】 Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments(n.)it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.[1999年阅读5]
【例句精译】 在实践中,科学成果的取得依赖于做有准备的实验,但更依赖于有思想准备的实验观察者。
【真题例句】 He experimented(vi.)with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.[1994年阅读5]
【例句精译】 他是对抗菌物质进行了长达9年的实验才有了这项发明。35 Fabricate v.①捏造,编造(谎言,借口等);②建造,制造
【真题例句】(63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating(①)their data.[2004年翻译] 【例句精译】(63)这些新近被描述的语言和得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著,以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。
Fair a.①公平的,合理的;②相当的,尚好的;③晴朗的;④金发的;n.集市,交易会,博览会
【真题例句】 To be fair(a.①), this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.[1997年阅读2] 【例句精译】平心而论,人们对加拿大人也有这样的评论,因而,应当认为这是北美的普遍现象。
【真题例句】 In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs(n.)and at the industrial fairs in major cities.[1996年阅读4]
【例句精译】 在美国,奖励新发明的大量奖品在乡村集市和大城市的工业博览会上颁发。
fashion n.①流行式样(或货品),风尚,风气;②样子,方式;vt.形成,制作,塑造
【真题例句】 More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion(n.①), companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another.[1999年阅读2]
【例句精译】 最近,在网络已被证明不是一时的时髦之后,公司间便开始(在网上)交易产品和服务。
【真题例句】 His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion(n.②), chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.[1998年阅读2]
【例句精译】 他的同事迈克·比尔说,太多的企业以机械的方式进行重组,降低了成本却?有考虑到长远效益。【真题例句】 If the Administration won‟t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning(vt.)conservation measures.[2005年阅读2]
【例句精译】 假如政府当局?有采取司法行动,议会就应该协助来推广环保措施。
Feature n.①特征,特色;②(报纸或杂志)特写;③容ò,面ò;v.给显著地λ
【真题例句】 The complementary coastlines and certain geological features(n.①)that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.[1998年阅读5]
【例句精译】 但互相吻合的海岸线和某些似乎跨越海洋的地质特征表明两个大?曾经连在一起。
【真题例句】 70.This passage appears to be a digest of _____.[1996年阅读5] [C] a magazine feature(n.②)
【例句精译】 70、本文似乎是_____的摘要。[C] 一份杂志特写
【真题例句】 68.Kitcher‟s book is intended to _____.[1996年阅读5] expose the true features(n.③)of creationists
【例句精译】 68、肯切尔的书旨在_____。披?所ν科学创世论者的真实面目
【真题例句】 Our magazines feature(v.)beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.[2006年阅读4]
【例句精译】 我们的杂志突出刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭。39 Field n.①田,田野;②运动场;③领域,方面;④实地,野外
【真题例句】 The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field(③)of activity.[1994年阅读5]
【例句精译】 关键在于得分最多者正是那些射门次数最多的球员,而任何领域的创 11 新活动都是如此。
【真题例句】 Anthropology is a field-study(④)oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.[2003年翻译]
【例句精译】 人类学是一个以实地研究为方向的学科,该学科在研究中常常大量使用对比分析方法。
figure n.①体形;②数字;③图形;④人物;v.(out)算出,估计,推测
【真题例句】 In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates that figure(n.②)will be 75 percent.[1994年阅读4]
【例句精译】 国家癌症研究所估计,到2000年存活率将升至75%。
【真题例句】 Americans no longer expect public figures(n.④), whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.[2005年阅读4]
【例句精译】 美国人不再期望公众人物在演讲或写作文章之时可以巧妙地、富有天分地使用英语了,而他们自己本身也不奢望自己能够做到这一点。41 Finance n.①财政,金融;②资金;v.为……提供资金
【真题例句】 This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances(n.②)necessary for production costs.[2005年翻译]
【例句精译】 这也要求欧洲国家达成共识,并效仿能解决生产所需资金的欧洲投资银行的模式,来创立一个欧洲节目制作资源库。
【真题例句】 The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain‟s former colony.They financed(v.)them.Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now? The Americans.[2001年阅读2]
【例句精译】 英国人、德国人、荷兰人和法国人都在这个前英国殖民地投资。他们提供资金,美洲移民建造。想想看,现在谁拥有这一切?美国人。42 firm a.11坚固的,稳固的;12坚决的,坚定的;n.21公司,商号
【真题例句】 It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.【例句精译】 广告直接有助于商品以合理的价格销售,由此建立稳固的国内市场,并使商品能以富有竞争力的价格出口。
【真题例句】 Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers.【例句精译】 许多旧式公司被有限责任公司所取代,由领薪经理层构成其管理机构。
43horizon n.①地平线;②眼界,见识;③(思想等的)范Φ,限度;④(on the ~)12 即将发生
【真题例句】 According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons(③)of scientific knowledge.[1994年翻译]
【例句精译】 新学派科学家们认为,在拓展科学知识的范Φ方面技术是被忽视的力量。
【真题例句】 For many of us, the “cashless society” is not on the horizon(④)— it‟s already here.[1994年阅读2]
【例句精译】 对于我们很多人来说,“无现金的社会”不是即将来临,而是已经到来。
44host n.①主人;②主持人;③东道主;④(a ~ of)许多;v.①举行;②主持;③主办
【真题例句】 In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host(n.④)of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional.[1999年阅读3]
【例句精译】 无论如何,基本的计算机技能只是对成为某种专业技术人员所需的各种实际技能的补充。
【真题例句】(71)There will be television chat shows hosted(v.②)by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.[2001年翻译] 【例句精译】(71)届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标(Υ规),监控器就会使其停驶。45Immediate a.①立即的,即时的;②直接的,最接近的
【真题例句】 But a decision among projects none of which has immediate(②)utility is more difficult.[1996年翻译]
【例句精译】 但是在?有直接效用的项目中做抉择就难多了。
46import v.进口,输入;n.①进口,输入;②[pl.]进口商品,进口物资;③重要性
【真题例句】 On the other hand, oil-importing(v.)emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.[2002年阅读3] 【例句精译】 另一方面,进口石油的新兴国家由于转向了重工业,消耗能量更大,因此可能会受到石油Σ机的强烈影响。
【真题例句】 The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import(n.①)bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.[2002年阅读3] 【例句精译】 国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》中估计,如果油价持续一年维持在22美元左右,与1998年的13美元一桶相比,这也只会使发达国家的石油进口 13 在支出上增加GDP的0.25%~0.5%。这还不到1974年或1980年收入减少部分的1/4。
【真题例句】 The full import(n.③)may take a while to sink in.[1997年阅读1] 【例句精译】 该法案的重要性可能需要一段时间才能为人们所理解和接受。47 knowledge n.①知识,学识;②知道,了解
【真题例句】 “Being learned in some branch of human knowledge(①)in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts”, as Emersion would say, “is something else.”[2006年翻译]
【例句精译】 正如爱默生说的“在人类知识的一些分支中学习是一回事,在公众的和勤勉的思想中生存就是另外一回事了。”
【真题例句】 The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge(②)of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.[1996年阅读3]
【例句精译】 这种股东不了解他们所持股的公司里工人们的生活、思想和需求。他们对劳资关系也不会产生积极的影响。
48lean v.①倾斜,屈身;②倚,靠,依赖;a.①瘦的,无脂肪的;②精干的,效率高的;③贫瘠的
【真题例句】 They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over)--lean(a.①), pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.[2006年阅读2]
【例句精译】 他们看起来都一个样(虽然他们从各个地方而来)——瘦削、率直、专注的脸庞,穿着牛仔裤和便鞋,吃着小圆面包,在剧场外的石板上过夜,以便能买得起20张座票和80张站票,这些票都是为那些睡觉的人准备的,并且在票房第二天上午10点半开始售票时就卖给他们。
【真题例句】 Friedman relies on a lean(a.②)staff of 20 in Austin.[2003年阅读1] 【例句精译】 弗里德曼在奥斯汀市只有20人的精干职员队伍。49 lesson n.功课,课程;教训
【真题例句】 The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful.[1998年阅读1]
【例句精译】 建造大坝的教训是:大的δ必总是好的。
50local
a.①地方的,当地的;②局部的
【真题例句】 The townsfolk don‟t see it this way and local(①)council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.[2006年阅 14 读2]
【例句精译】 但是市民们不这样认为并且当地的理事会也不会直接给皇家莎士比亚公司提供补贴。
【真题例句】 Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local(②)studies in the old way.[2001年阅读1]
【例句精译】 另一方面,业余人员继续以旧的方式从事局部的研究。
51locate v.①查找;②使……坐落于,λ于
【真题例句】 Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate(①)specific information.[1995年阅读3]
【例句精译】 计算机技术使人们可以把大量的数据储存到机器可读的文件里,还能通过计算机编程找到某一信息。
【真题例句】 65.We can see from the available statistics that _____.[1998年阅读4]
the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located(②)in the West 【例句精译】 65、从得到的统计资料,我们可以看出_____。
人口增长率排名前十λ的州都λ于西部地区
maintain
v.①维修,保养;②维持,保持;③坚持,主张,支持
【真题例句】 Practice(or review)tends to build and maintain(②)memory for a task or for any learned material.[1995年阅读5]
【例句精译】 实践(或称复习)就是建立并保持对某一任务或所学材料的记忆。【真题例句】 George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains(③)that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.[2002年阅读4]
【例句精译】 波士顿大学健康法律系主任乔治·安纳斯坚持认为,只要医生是出于合理的医疗目的开药,那?即使服用此药会加速病人的死亡,医生的行为也?有Υ法。
53model
n.①样式,型;②模范,典型;③模型;④原型,模特;v.(on,after)模仿,构造
【真题例句】 Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models(n.①)that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.[1997年阅读5] 【例句精译】 一些经济学家认为,旧的经济模式是建立在经济增长和通货膨胀历史联系的基础上的,而世界结构的巨大改变可能已使这套模式不再适用了。
【真题例句】 What they found, in attempting to model(v.)thought, is that the human brain‟s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and human perception far more complicated — than previously imagined.[2002年阅读2]
【例句精译】 在试图模仿人类思维的过程中,研究人员发现,人类大脑中的近1000亿个神经细胞要比以前想像的更聪明,人类的感觉器官也比以前想像的更复杂。54mo(u)ld
n.①模子,铸型;②ù菌;v.形成,成形
【真题例句】 Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold(n.②)on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.[1994年阅读5]
【例句精译】 亚历山大·弗莱明爵士可不是像传说中的那样,看了一眼奶酪上的ù菌就立刻想到了青ù素的发明。【真题例句】 68.The writer‟s experiment shows that downshifting _____.[2001年阅读5] helps her mold(v.)a new philosophy of life
【例句精译】 68、作者的尝试表明:放慢生活节奏_____。
帮助她形成了新的人生观
55Narrow a.狭窄的,狭隘的;v.①限制,限定;②变窄,收缩
【真题例句】 For any job search, you should start with a narrow(a.)concept — what you think you want to do — then broaden it.[2004年阅读1]
【例句精译】 寻找任何职业,你都要从一个狭窄的概念开始,即你想干什?工作,然后再加以扩展。
【真题例句】 Narrowing(v.①)your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.[2004年阅读1]
【例句精译】 比如把个人求职要求越具体明确就有可能对你越不利,一λ专家说:“你?回答一次问题你就丧失一次机会。”
【真题例句】 It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed(v.②)as other countries grew richer.[2000年阅读1]
【例句精译】 随着其他国家日益强盛,美国从这一优势地λ逐渐下降是不可避免的。56nature n.①自然界,大自然;②性质,本性,天性
【真题例句】 No other species fills so many places in nature(①).[2000年阅读2] 【例句精译】 ?有其他物种充斥着自然中如此多的空间。
【真题例句】 The jury agreed that the nature(②)of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete‟s injury.[1999年阅读1]
【例句精译】 陪审团也认为造成该运动员受伤的是这项运动本身的Σ险性,而不是 16 头盔。
57note n.①笔记,记?;②按语,注释;③便条,短笺;④钞票,纸币;⑤暗示,建议v.①记下,摘下;②表明,认为
【真题例句】 But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes(n.②)that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff!Pluff!A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”[2000年阅读3]
【例句精译】 在某首诗中,δ来派诗人用一行文字描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在桥上发生搏斗的场面,结果双双从桥上掉进河中;看了这首诗,有点让人摸不着头脑;后来看了注解才发现,诗把他们两人落水的声音和体重写在了一起:“扑通!扑通!185公斤。”
【真题例句】 There is a heavy note(n.⑤)of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.[2000年阅读5]
【例句精译】 他们的说法有着浓厚的虚α色彩,正如马从马厩跑出来后再关上马厩的门,而受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上那样的虚α。
【真题例句】 “The term „anti-science‟ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes(v.①)Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science, “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”[1998年阅读3]
【例句精译】 “„反科学‟这个词可以涵盖太多截然不同的东西”,哈佛大学的哲学家杰拉尔德·霍尔顿在其1993年的著作《科学和反科学》中写道:“它们Ω一的共同点就是会激怒或威胁那些自以为更开明的人。”
【真题例句】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes(v.②)that the situation will improve only when there are(17:comprehensive)programs that address the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形]
【例句精译】 《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯?雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需求,这种局面才有可能得到改善。58 Novel n.(长篇)小说;a.新奇的,新颖的
【真题例句】 Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels(n.)later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.[2001年阅读5]
【例句精译】 奇怪的是,大约两年半的时间我写完两部小说后,我这个被美国人称为“换低档”的试验,却使我老掉牙的借口变成了现实。
【真题例句】 60.When a novel(a.)literary idea appears, people should try to_____.[2000年阅读3]
[A] determine its purposes
【例句精译】 60、当出现新的艺术思潮时,人们应该尽力_____。
[A] 确定其目的
59Objective n.目标,目的;a.客观的,真实的
【真题例句】 A unity of objectives(n.)that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.[2005年翻译]
【例句精译】 也就是说,既能达到我们共同的目的,又能兼顾不同国家各自的特色。【真题例句】 They provide a quick, objective(a.)method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned , the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is.[1995年翻译]
【例句精译】 标准化测试提供了快速、客观地得到某些信息的方法。这些信息是有关一个人所学到的知识,他所获得的技能,或者是他属于哪一类型的人。60 oblige v.①强迫;②责成;③(使)感激,施恩于
【真题例句】 Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige(①)television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.[2005年翻译]
【例句精译】 另外,欧共体的融合性也会迫使电视传y集团在节目的制作和流通中,与他人更进一步地合作。【真题例句】(62)We are obliged(③)to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.[2004年翻译] 【例句精译】(62)我们之所以感激他们(两λ先驱),是因为在此之后,这些(土著)语言中有一些已经不复存在了,这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
61opening n.①口子,孔;②开始,开端;③空缺,机会;a.开始的,开幕的【真题例句】 Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening(n.③).[2004年阅读1]
【例句精译】 过了三个星期,他接到第一份有职λ空缺的通知。
【真题例句】 21.In the opening(a.)paragraph, the author introduces his topic by _____.[2005年阅读1] [C] making a comparison.【例句精译】
21、在起始段,作者通过_____引入主题。
62outlet
n.①出·,出口;②发泄方法,排遣;③经销店
【真题例句】 In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T‟s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet(②).[1997年阅读4]
【例句精译】 1992年公司因出品冰特乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》而备受谴 责时,列文把它描绘成是街头文化的合法表达方式,说它应该有自己的宣泄途径。【真题例句】 From car dealerships to Gap outlets(③), sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.[2004年阅读3]
【例句精译】 由于购物者节约他们的支出,从汽车代理商到Gap名牌零售折扣店,数月以来销售一直滞缓。
63Panel n.①面,板;②控制板,仪表盘;③专门小组
【真题例句】 They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel(②)by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment.[2002年阅读2]
【例句精译】 他们建造的机器人在严格控制的工厂环境里,能够在仪表盘上识别毫米以下的误差。
【真题例句】 The panel(③)then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.[1999年阅读4]
【例句精译】 随后,该小组非正式地接受了几条一般的结论,尽管有些细节尚无定论。
64partial
a.①部分的,不完全的;②偏袒的,不公平的
【真题例句】 In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered, it is also frequently partial(①)or partisan.[1999年翻译]
【例句精译】 这样的研究中所发现的证据总是不完整的,通常也会带来片面性,还会出现帮派之争。
【真题例句】 53.The author deems that the well-known TV personality is _____.[1995年阅读1]
[D] obviously partial(②)in his views on advertising
【例句精译】
53、作者认为:那λ著名的电视人物_____。[D] 对广告的评价有明显的偏见
passage
n.①段落,节;②通过,经过;③通·,走廊
【真题例句】 The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage(②)of the plates.[1998年阅读5]
【例句精译】 热点及其火山痕迹是板块移动的标志。66 pattern
n.①模式,式样;②图案,图样;v.仿制,模仿
【真题例句】 And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns(n.①).[1997年阅读2] 【例句精译】 当然,会讲一种语言并不意ζ着就理解该语言的社会和文化内涵。
【真题例句】 Implicit within Tylor‟s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned(v.)behavior.[2003年翻译]
【例句精译】 泰勒的文化定义蕴含着这一概念,即文化是后天习得的,人类共有的,被模仿的行为。
Pepper n.①胡椒粉,胡椒;②辣椒;vt.连续投(发问等)
【真题例句】 Although no such evidence was preserved, the casino‟s marketing department continued to pepper(vt.)him with mailings.And he entered the casino ad used his Fun Card without being detected.[2006年新题型]
【例句精译】 虽然并?有证据,但是娱乐场的市场部门继续向他提供邮件。他进入娱乐场并使用他的卡片,并且?有人发觉。
68Perfect a.①完善的,无瑕的;②完全的,十足的;v.使完美,改进
【真题例句】 Such characteristics make them perfect(①)candidates for Dr.Brosnan‟s and Dr.de Waal‟s study.[2005年阅读1]
【例句精译】 因为这些特点,它们(猴子)成为了Brosnan和de Waal博士的最佳研究“侯选人”。
【真题例句】 However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible.[2001年翻译]
【例句精译】 然而,对地何时能够进行超光速旅行,何时人类克?技术能够完善,何时时间旅行成为可能,仍δ作出预测。
69perspective n.①视角;②透视法;③(in ~)正确地
【真题例句】(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective(①)brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.[2003年翻译] 【例句精译】(63)强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
【真题例句】 Not everyone sees that process in(28:perspective)(③).It is important to do so.[2002年完形] 【例句精译】 并不是所有人都能正确看待这一进程,虽然了解这一点非常重要。
70Reason n.①理由,原因;②理性,理智;v.①推论,推理;②说服,评理;③讨论,辩论
【真题例句】 That‟s one reason(n.①)why the idea of a national list hasn‟t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.[2005年新题型]
【例句精译】 这就是为什?全国性药品名?还δ出台的原因,也是药品价格居高不下的原因。
【真题例句】 And so it does — and all would be well were reason(n.②)the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.[1996年阅读5]
【例句精译】 的确如此——如果理性是创世纪论和进化论之争的Ω一标准,一切问 20 题也就迎刃而解了。
【真题例句】 He reasoned(v.①)that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.[2004年翻译]
【例句精译】 他归因到:因为人们很容易用某一特定的语言形成一些不容混淆的概念,语言的使用者往往会沿着同一条轨迹思考问题。
71Review v.回顾,复习;n.①回顾,复习;②评论
【真题例句】 Practice(or review)(n.①)tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material.[1995年阅读 72Rocket n.火箭;v.剧增
【真题例句】 The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed(v.)and ticket prices have stayed low.[2006年阅读2]
【例句精译】 原因当然是虽然成本急剧上升,但票价仍维持在低水平。
73School n.①学校;②(大学里的)学院,系;③学派,流派
【真题例句】 It should be observed, of course, that no school(①), vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.[1999年阅读3]
【例句精译】 当然应该看到的是,不管是职业学校、还是普通学校,混淆计算机教学的目的,都不会受益。
【真题例句】 And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School(②)believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”[2000年阅读1]
【例句精译】 哈佛商学院的威廉?萨尔曼相信人们将来回顾这一时期时,会把它视为“美国企业管理的黄金时代”。
【真题例句】 According to the new school(③)of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.[1994年翻译] 【例句精译】 新学派科学家们认为,在拓展科学知识的范Φ方面技术是被忽视的力量。
74score n.①得分,分数;②二十;v.得(分),记(……的)分数
【真题例句】 Anyone who keeps careful score(n.①)knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context.[1995年翻译]
【例句精译】 任何仔细记分的人都知道,所得到的信息总是不完全的,而且,这些预测总是会有错误的。应该根据这种观点去考察标准化考试。
【真题例句】 Innovation is like soccer;even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score(v.).[1994年阅读5]
【例句精译】 创新就像踢足球,即使是最出色的球员也会痛失进球机会,其射门被挡出的机会大大多于进球的机会。select [si5lekt] v.选择,挑选;a.精选的,第一流的
【真题例句】 It does not push or pull, it selects(v.), and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.[2002年翻译]
【例句精译】 环境并不具备推动或拉动的作用;它具有选择的作用,而这一作用难以发现也很难对其进行分析。【真题例句】 In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select(a.)committee, Lord Irvine said he(37:agreed)with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not(38:offer)sufficient control.[2001年完形] 【例句精译】 在写给众议院新闻y体特别委员会Gerald Kaufman主席的信中,Irvine勋爵说,他赞同委员会今年的报告,该报告称,对自我约束并δ予以足够的监控。
75shape
n.①形状,外形;②情况,状态;③种类;v.成型,塑造
【真题例句】(63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping(v.)and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.[2002年翻译]
【例句精译】(63)自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
76Sound n.声音,声响;v.①发声,响;②听起来;a.①健全的,完好的;②正当的,有根据的;③彻底的,充分的
【真题例句】 Instead of describing sounds(n.)we must make up words that imitate them;we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.[2000年阅读3]
【例句精译】 我们必须造出词语去模仿声音,而不应对其进行描述;我们必须在同一张纸上使用不同型号和不同颜色的墨水,任 5]
【例句精译】 实践(或称复习)就是建立并保持对某一任务或所学材料的记忆。【真题例句】 However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be(27:wise)to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,(28:for example), publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews(n.②),(29:displaying)student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.[2003年完形]
【例句精译】 然而,青少年的生活已经充满竞争,所以为他们安排赢家多于输家的各种活动是明智的。例如,出版由学生自己编写书评的新闻小册子,展出学生的艺术品和赞助成立读书俱乐部等等。
77spell v.①拼写;②导致,招致;n.一段时间
【真题例句】 But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt(v.②)the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music.[2005年阅读4]
【例句精译】 然而,“做我们自己的事”——这一对事物真实性和个性的崇拜信条,已经给正式的演讲、写作、诗歌和音乐画上了句号。
【真题例句】 Despite a spell(n.)of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.[2002年阅读2]
【例句精译】 虽然一开始在20世纪60年代和70年代有过一段乐观的时期——那时候仿佛晶体管电·和微处理器的发展将使它们在2010年能够模仿人类大脑的活动——但是最近研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后数十年,甚至数百年。
78stor(e)y n.①描述;②故事;③报道;④谎话;⑤¥层
【真题例句】 If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story(②).[1999年阅读3]
【例句精译】 当然如果想成为一名计算机工程师,事情就完全不同了。
【真题例句】 In other words, there is a conventional story(③)line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.[2001年阅读3]
【例句精译】 换言之,在y介机构的新闻采编室文化中存在着一套约定俗成的写作模式,为纷繁复杂的新闻报道提供了一个中心思·和现成的故事编写框架。
79stress
n.①压力,应力;②重音;v.强调,着重
【真题例句】 We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress(n.①).[2000年阅读3]
【例句精译】 如果我们想诠释现代生活的压力,就必须加快文学发展的步伐。【真题例句】 While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress(v.)test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.[2000年阅读4]
【例句精译】 虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常受到外国人的赞扬,但是它往往强调考试和机械学习,而不重视创造性和自我表现。
80suit
v.①合适,适合;②相配,适应;n.①一套西服;②诉讼
【真题例句】 The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited(①)for expressing joy.[2006年阅读4]
【例句精译】 最早的艺术形式,如绘画和音乐,是最适于表达快乐的。
【真题例句】 David Williamds‟s suit(①)should trouble this gambling nation.But don‟t bet on it.[2006年新题型]
【例句精译】 大卫威廉姆斯的起诉或许会在这个赌博民族中引发一些问题,但是也并不能确信。
【真题例句】 Nevertheless Williams‟s suit(②)charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well.[2006年新题型] 【例句精译】 然而威廉姆斯还是控告娱乐场,明知道他“不可救药地赌博上瘾”还故意“诱惑”他“Υ背他自己的意愿参加赌博”。81Target n.目标,对象,靶子;vt.以……为目标
【真题例句】 That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target(n.)species is about 50% of its original levels.[2006年阅读3]
【例句精译】 这十分重要,因为理论表明在目标鱼类单λ数量是原始水平的大约50%的时候,才能保证渔场可收获的最大可持 意缩短或加长词语。
【真题例句】 It sounds(v.②)like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.[1997年翻译]
【例句精译】 这听起来像是一个有效的明显开始做事的方式。
【真题例句】 If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound(a.①).[2005年阅读2]
【例句精译】 假如我们要保护我们的大气层,关键一点是:新建的电厂必须是环保安全型的。
82spectacle n.①[pl.]眼镜;②场面,景观;③奇观,壮观
【真题例句】 Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles(②), which now more than ever seem in ample supply:...[2000年阅读5]
【例句精译】 相反我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚α景观; 续产出量。
【真题例句】 In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted(vt.)customers.[1999年阅读2]
【例句精译】 然而,在去年,软件公司开发出新的技术使得商家可以把产品信息推到消费者的计算机屏幕上。83thumb n.拇指;v.(~ through)翻阅
【真题例句】 It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb(v.)through their phone directories.Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo? Zysman.[2004年阅读2]
【例句精译】 人们早已知道在客户翻查电话簿时,名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有很大的优越性。至于在生活方面Adam Abbott较之Zo? Zysman的优越性就不那?为人所知了。
第五篇:考研形近词、近义词辨析宝典
考研近义词、形近词辨析宝典(共90组)
abnormal, uncommon abnormal a.不正常的,反常的(但并非罕见),指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。
His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常,最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。
uncommon a.罕见的,不平常的,指很少经历或很少见到的状况;特别的,出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。
That is uncommon instant coffee;it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘,味道好极了!
abide, adhere, conform, comply abide v.后接by表示 “遵守,同意”。I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持;粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。
conform v.后接to表示“遵守,符合”。All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。
comply v.后接with表示“遵守,服从”,用于正式的场合。
Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。
abstract, digest, outline, summary 这一组名词都有“要点,摘要”的意思。abstract n.概要,摘要,尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。
I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。
digest n.(篇幅较长的)摘要,文摘,它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释,浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Reader's Digest《读者文摘》 outline n.要点,大纲,概要。
She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。
summary n.总结,摘要,指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点,不考虑原文的风格。
absurd, ridiculous 这一组形容词都有“愚蠢,可笑”的意思。absurd a.荒谬的,可笑的,指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。
ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的,指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄,含有蔑视成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。
accent, tone, dialect accent n.口音,指某一地区语言的发音特征;重音。
He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。
tone n.语气,音调,指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。
He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言,土语,地方话,指一个地区人们所使用的语言。
the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言 accommodate, afford, furnish accommodate v.提供住宿、房间;适应,迎合,迁就。
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。
The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望,连夜将货物发了出去。
afford v.负担,支付;当“提供”讲时,多用于指抽象事物的提供。
We can't afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。
furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。
Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识,然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。
accomplishment, attainment, achievement accomplishment n.成功,成就;才艺,修养。
Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说,爬上了那座山就是成功。
Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。
attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数);达到,到达。
a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者
achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”,或具体的“成绩”,与accomplishment是同义词。
acute, critical, crucial, urgent acute a.剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)。An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。
critical a.意为“关键的”,表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相似。
与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指“批判性的,分析性的
It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习,否则你会不及格的。crucial a.意为”决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的“,最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况。
Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。urgent a.意为”紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的“,它不强调所指的问题是最重要的,仅强调”紧急的“状态。
We have an urgent need for help;we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。
admit, confess, concede admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而”承认“某一事实或过错。
I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。
confess v.供认(罪行、过错等),含有”坦白、招认“的意思。
He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。
concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误,但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认,还可以指”以退为进“的承认。
The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。
aggravate, reinforce, strengthen, intensify 这一组动词都有”加强“的意思。aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等),使之恶化。
I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了,而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。reinforce v.增援,一般用于军队或警察的行动;(以添加材料等)加固。
A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行,用无线电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。
The number of people has increased.人数增加了。
strengthen v.加强,巩固,增强,相当于to become stronger。
Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。
Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈,加剧,相当于to become more intense or intensive。
intensify colors加深色彩
intensify hatred加深仇恨
alert, cautious, considerate 这一组形容词都表示”小心的,谨慎的“。alert a.警惕的,留神的。
The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边,时刻准备给大家斟酒。
cautious a.细心的,谨慎的。
He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。
considerate a.关心他人的,体贴的。He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人,并且慈祥而富有同情心。
alive, live, living, lively 这一组形容词都跟”活“有关。
alive a.活着的,有活力的,常作表语,作定语时必须后置。
After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后,他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活着的人
live a.活的,有活力的,现场直播的。We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。
living a.活着的,作定语可前可后,可修饰人也可修饰物。
Who is the world's greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家?
living room起居室
lively a.活泼的,栩栩如生的。
She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘,总是欢声笑语忙个不停。
alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline 这一组动词都有”减少,减轻“的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻,缓和 The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。
diminish v.指因为不断消耗,在数量方面缓慢减少,也指在素质或者价值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。
reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。
He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。
decrease v.指数量上的减少;力量或者强度的减弱。
The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。
decline v.(数目、价格、比率)下降;谢绝,婉言推辞;衰退,衰落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。
allocate, separate, detach, divide 这一组动词都有”分开“的意思。allocate v.分配,把……拨给。
The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。separate v.人为地分开,使隔离开。We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。
detach v.拆开组合的物体;远离,疏远。We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。divide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。
The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。
amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand amplify v.扩大,增加,尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大;补充叙述(故事、事件等)。
We must ask you to amplify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。
enlarge v.扩大,多指具体物品如相片的放大。
enlarge photograph放大照片 enlarge a house扩建房屋
stretch v.(有弹性地)伸展,延伸,并有可能超过限度;伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。
The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。
Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后,职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。
magnify v.放大,指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。
His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼镜把字放大以便能够阅读。
reinforce v.增援,加固。
expand v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大,也可以指内容或细节的充实。
The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是膨胀,然后就爆破了。
anger, fury, indignation, resentment 这一组名词都有”愤怒、生气“的意思。anger n.气愤,生气,是一般用语。After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.争吵之后,他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。fury n.暴怒,大怒,程度较anger要强。indignation n.义愤,尤其指出于道义上的激愤。
Arise / arouse / attract general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤
resentment n.愤恨,怨恨,不满,是正式用语,尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。
There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工资降低后,办公室里怨声载道。
apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct 这一组形容词都有”明显的“之意。
apparent a.明显的,显而易见的,尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。
He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴,显然他现在想走了。evident a.明白的,明显的,与apparent基本同意,多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。
It is evident that he is guilty;his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.显然他是有罪的,在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。
manifest a.清楚的,明显的,多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义,常作表语。
Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众,但长相并不动人。
obvious a.明显的,显而易见的,含有无可辩白,不需证明之意。
It is obvious that woman has had too much to drink.很显然,那个妇女酒喝的太多了。
distinct a.清楚的,明显的;不同的,独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。
Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。
applaud, clap, commend, praise applaud v.鼓掌,赞扬,指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许,大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。
The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作,对我的努力表示赞许。
clap v.拍打,其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能说applaud one's hands。
clap sb.为某人鼓掌,clap sth.拍打某物 commend v.为正式用词,用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖,通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。
The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。praise v.为一般用词,用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕;赞颂,赞美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。
Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。
area, district, region, zone 这一组名词都有”区域“的意思。
area n.泛指面积较大的地区;面积;专业领域。
The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。
district n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng District北京西城区
region n.行政区划上更大的地区,如”自治区“;身体部位。
The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。zone n.指特定的地方、地带。
The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律,在一些空地上开辟商业区。
assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium 这一组名词都表示”会议“的意思。assembly n.集合,集会。
The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。conference n.(专门性的)会议,讨论会。
The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。
congress n.代表大会,(美国的)国会。Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美国国会通过的法律,人民一定要遵守。
rally n.(鼓舞士气的)集会;群众性集会。The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教练召开了一个动员会,以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。seminar n.(大学的)研究班,研讨会。During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里,一些教师在学院里参加研究班。
session n.(一届)会议,回合。the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议
summit n.最高级会议,峰会(通常为领导人参加)。
Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。
symposium n.(学术、科研方面的)座谈会,专题报告会。
The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。
assessment, estimate, evaluation 这一组名词都有”评估“的意思。
assessment n.评估,估价,常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。
We have a low assessment on our property.我们对我们的资产评估很低。estimate n.估计,强调进行评估得出的结果,常与动词give搭配。
The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300美元。
evaluation n.(对于能力,价值、工作业绩的)评价,估价,常带有肯定的、正确的含义。
He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。
associate, ally, combine, unite 这一组词都有”联合“的意思。
associate v.交往,结交;联系,联想。多指平等友好的合作,后接with,表示与某人交往或合作,后接in表示在某个方面合作。
We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里,我们同邻居交往。ally v.使结盟,使联姻,多与with搭配。Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。
combine v.联合,化合,混合,多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。
The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。unite v.联合,合并,团结,尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体,强调结果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.国民团结一致共同对敌。
award, reward award v.指正式地或官方地颁发,授予,给予;也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。
The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。
reward v.酬劳,奖赏,回报,通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢,其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我将出50美元,酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。
aware, conscious aware a.知道的,意识到的,强调感官对外界事物的意识。
He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。
conscious a.有意识的,意识到的,一般指内心所意识到的。
The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。
basic, elementary, fundamental basic a.基本的,基础的,既可用于具体事物,也可用于抽象事物。
He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的,初级的。elementary school小学
fundamental a.根本性的,一般只用于抽象的事物;必要的,必须的。Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。
bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass 这一组词都有”迷惑“的意思。
bewilder v.使困惑,使茫然,强调非常困惑,通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱,语气最重。
He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了,完全不明白是什么原因。
When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候,他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。
puzzle v.使迷惑,感到不解,强调不理解或解决不了。
Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。
confuse v.一般用语,使混乱,使糊涂,强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。
He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他发错了报告,因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。
embarrass v.使窘迫,使为难,使困惑,有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型,使她感到难堪。blame, condemn, reproach, scold 这一组动词都有”责怪“的意思。blame v.责怪,把……归咎于。
You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格,你不能怪罪任何人。
condemn v.谴责,用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。
The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。
reproach v.(书面语)责备,表示不满。His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。
scold v.责骂,训斥。
blunder, error, mistake 这一组词都表示”错误“。
blunder n.(因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错,愚蠢的错误。
I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过,我感觉到犯了一个大错。
error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误,也可指智力或道义上的错误。
The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。
mistake n.误会,误解;(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。
brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid 这一组形容词都有”弱“的意思。
brittle a.易碎的,易损坏的,通常是指坚硬的东西。
The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱,很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西,也引申为体弱的,虚弱的。He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后,现在感觉有些虚弱。
frail a.(指人)体弱的,虚弱的,也可以指东西易碎的。
His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。
crisp a.指食品的松脆;清新的,爽快的;活跃的,有生气的,干净利落的。crisp biscuit松脆的饼干
The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。invalid a.不正确的,缺乏证据的;无效的,作废的。作名词时,表示病弱者,伤残者,久病者。
Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思,但是缺乏证据。A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge 这几个名词都有”边界“的意思。
boundary n.边界;界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。
The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。
border n.较宽的边缘,边界,多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带;也可以指物体的边缘等。
We crossed the Mexican borders into the USA.我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。
frontier n.边界,边境,边疆,指靠近边界(boundary)的区域;也可引申为”未开发的领域“,”(学术的)前沿“等。
The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。
She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。
rim n.边,边缘,尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。
verge n.(道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘,引申为”某事即将发生之际“。
on the verge of war战争爆发之际
brief, concise, curt, succinct 这一组形容词都有”简短的“意思。brief a.简明扼要的,简短的,指时间短暂,办事利索,态度明了等;有时含有”虽短但却不失全面“的意味。
The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.经理致了简短的开幕词。
concise a.(文字等的)简要、精练,常含有保留主要部分的意思。
His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信写得简明扼要,省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。curt a.三言两语的,简短的,常含有”草率“的意思。
He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , ”I have no time for you now!“他问老板一个问题,但是老板草率的说:”我没时间搭理你。“ succinct a.简明的,简洁的,简练的,尤指用词简练,除含有concise的意思外,还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。succinct summary of the argument论点的概要
certify, rectify, testify, verify 这是一组形近易混词。
certify v.证明,声称是真的。
He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。rectify v.改正,纠正;整顿。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。
testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作证;表明。He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害,他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。
verify v.(用事实)证实或核实。
I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打电话询问,以核实商店的地址。
compel, constrain, force, oblige 这一组动词都有”强迫“的意思。
compel v.强迫,迫使,常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示”别无办法,不得不做“。
His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。
constrain v.力劝,强迫,与compel意思相近,但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的场合。As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家,不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。force v.强迫,迫使,暴力威胁的意味较浓,常用于被动语态。
The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。oblige v.(因法律、习俗等)强迫,迫使,常常用于被动。
We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。
complement, supplement, append 这三个名词都有”补充“的意思。
complement n.补充,补充物,主要指补充不足使之完美。Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。supplement n.增补,补充,补贴,主要指另外补加,增补。
One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我们在报告完成一年之后,必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。
append n.附加,添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。
The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。
component, element, factor, ingredient 这一组名词都有”组成成分“的意思。
component n.零部件;(某事物的)组成部分;成分。
Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎,引擎,车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。element n.元素;组成部分,方面;某特定类型的人或群体,分子。
The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。
He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。factor n.因素,要素,侧重指原因。
Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。
ingredient n.原料,成分,要素。
Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。
comprise, compose, consist, constitute 这一组动词都有”组成,包含“的意思。comprise v.包含,包括,由……组成(整体);组成,构成。
Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。
compose v.构成(整体),组成;由……组成(后接of,常用于被动语态);创作(作曲、诗歌等)。
The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。
consist v.组成,构成,由……组成(后接of,常用于主动语态);(后接in)在于,存在于。
The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。
constitute v.构成,组成(整体)。
Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。concentrate, focus 这两个动词都有”集中“的意思。
concentrate v.集中,集中精力(后接on,宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西);浓缩,压缩。During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间,同学们集中精力回答问题。
focus v.集中(于某事物);将(注意力等)集中于……(后接on,宾语一般不是具体的东西)。
Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。
confinement, limitation, restraint 这一组名词都有”限制,局限“的意思。confinement n.限制,囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。
The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。
limitation n.限制,局限;(能力的)缺点,弱点。
That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。
restraint n.克制,抑制;约束措施。Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母亲很生气,她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。
considerable, considerate 这是一对形近易混的形容词。
considerable a.相当大的,相当多的;值得考虑的。
That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。
considerate a.考虑周到的,体贴的,后面常跟of结构。He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。
conserve, preserve, reserve 这是一组形近易混词,且都有”保存“的意思。
conserve v.保存,保藏,保护(强调节约)。
In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天,为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。
preserve v.保护;维持;保养;防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。
The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留,储备(强调为某一特殊目的);订(座位),预定。
We are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。
continual, continuous, constant, incessant 这一组形容词都有”不断的,不停的“的意思。
continual a.连续不断的;频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。
That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫,真是烦死人了。
continuous a.不停的,连续不断的,强调中间不停顿。
Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。constant a.不断的,经常的,强调始终如一地经常出现。
Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。incessant a.不停的,持续不断的,强调令人厌烦地重复出现,中间有可能有停顿。Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。
convert, invert, revert, transform 这一组动词都有”转变“的意思。
convert v.转变,变换,含有”使某人改变观点“的意思。He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。
invert v.使颠倒,使倒转,使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange
juice.婴儿把杯子打翻,弄洒了里面的橙汁。
revert v.归还,恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子,当他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
transform v.改变,转变,指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。
credible, credulous, plausible 这一组形容词都有”可信的“意思。credible a.可信的,可靠的。
That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那个学生跟老师讲了实情,她没来上课是因为她病了。
credulous a.轻信的,易于相信的。She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易轻信别人,竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。
plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常带有怀疑的意思。
Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.虽然这个解释合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。
decline, refuse, reject, deny 这组动词都有”拒绝“的意思。
decline v.婉言拒绝,谢绝,相当于refuse politely,主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求,后接名词或动词不定式,主语只能是人。
I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起,可是她婉言谢绝了。
refuse v.是比较普通的用词,表示”拒绝“,含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。reject v.抛弃,不采纳,主语可以是人或物,后接名词,不能接动词不定式。
He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影,但每一次都被拒绝。
deny v.否认,否定,其后可接名词,代词或that从句。The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。
deduce, induce, reduce deduce v.推断,推理,演绎。
My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him;today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默,今天他很沉默,所以我推断她生气了。
induce v.引诱,劝;引起,导致。reduce v.减轻,减小;降低。
delay, postpone delay v.延期,延缓,耽搁,常指由于不可避免的障碍等原因而延期。
Her late arrival delayed the start of the meeting.她的迟到使会议延迟开始。
postpone v.耽搁,暂缓,常指将某事放置一边,等到另一事发生或一定时间后再做。
Our meeting for today was postponed until next week.我们今天的会议推迟到下周举行。
demonstrate, illustrate 这两个词都有”说明“的意思。
demonstrate v.多指通过具体动作或物体进行演示、示范、表演、展示等以达到说明或解释的目的。
This salesman demonstrated how to cook with a pressure cooker.这个推销员当众演示如何用压力锅煮东西。illustrate v.强调通过举例、列图表或比较等方式来说明道理。
The teacher illustrated the history lesson by telling a story about George Washington.那个老师通过乔治·华盛顿的故事来讲述他的历史课。
disappear, vanish, fade 这一组词都有”消失“的意思。
disappear v.消失,不见;灭绝,不复存在。是个一般用语。
The little dog was just there, then he disappeared.那条小狗刚才就在那里,然后就不见了。vanish v.消失,不见,指突然间化为乌有,强调非常彻底地、神秘莫测地消失、失踪。The man ran into the shop and vanished from sight.那个男子跑到了商店里,然后就消失了。
fade v.指衣服的颜色褪色,声音的逐渐消失。
The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink.墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。
decline, decrease, diminish, reduce 这一组动词都有”减少“的意思。
decline v.(数量、数字、价格、比率)下降,下落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
decrease v.减少,减小,强调逐渐地下降或减少的过程。
diminish v.(力量、势力)减弱,减少,强调由于某种原因而减少,这种减少可以造成能够为人们所察觉的后果或损失。
The need to take action has diminished.已经没有多少需要采取行动的必要性了。
reduce v.是及物动词,指通过人为的方法在数量、规模、范围等方面减少,也可以指在地位、重要性方面降低等级。
He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动,体重减轻了20磅。
deviate, distract, divert 这三个词都有”转移“的意思。
deviate v.背离,偏离。多指脱离正轨或正题等。
He deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成为一名吸毒者,从而违背了社会道德准则。
distract v.使分心,分散(注意力、心理等)。常带有不能专心的意思。
Noise distracts him, so he can't study for exams.喧闹声分散了他的注意力,所以他无法进行考试的复习。
divert v.转移,使转向,着重改变后的结果,后常接介词from。
A loud noise diverted everyone's attention from their work.一声巨响转移了每个人的工作注意力。
dip, immerse, submerge 这几个词都有”浸,浸入"的意思。
dip v.浸,浸染,蘸。多指短时地将某物部