商务英语-总结会议

第一篇：商务英语-总结会议

商务英语 / 对公众说话 / 12 总结会议 Concluding a Business Meeting Action公司第三季会议在各部门负责人一一报告，以及与会者热烈讨论之后，即将落幕。会议主持人Jennifer，此时再度上台，为会议做个总结。

That wraps up the last item on the agenda.Before we close, are there any questions?

Fine.In summary, I think we agree that this quarter's domestic sales figures show a marked trend in microwave sales.Sam, I'd like you to follow up on that, please.Let's see where this is heading.Jane, thank you for the comprehensive PR status report.I understand there are still a few problems to be worked out, but we all trust in your ability.Ladies and gentlemen, the new design is satisfactory.Let's keep Action ahead of the game.Finally, I appreciate your comments and suggestions about the Canadian sales outlook.This is our first opportunity to promote our products in North America, so we certainly want to cover every detail.Well, then, that covers everything.I make a motion to close the third quarterly meeting of Action Appliances.Is there a second?

短语解说

wrap up 完成；结束

这是个口语用法，意同“conclude”、“finish”和“close”。主词可以是人或物。I'd like to quickly wrap up this meeting, so we can go home.我想赶快把这个会议结束，那我们就可以回家。marked trend 明显的趋势

“marked”是过去分词当形容词，有‘醒目的、明显的’意思；“trend”是指事物或社会现象变动的趋势。

Judging from the graph, you can see a marked trend upward on the Japanese stock exchange.依照这张图表，你们可以看出日本股市明显地上涨。follow up on(something)进一步了解 “follow”原是「跟随」的意思；这个词组是指注意某事发展，并进一步深入地了解它。介系词“on”之后所跟的名词词组即代表需要了解的事。

We can take care of that problem when we follow up.等我们更进一步地了解问题后，就容易解决了。

status report 状况报告

“status”指‘事情的状况’。一般公司都会要求每个计划或部门的负责人在固定的时间，报告事情的最新进展，即“status report”。

The accounting department is required to submit weekly status reports to our general manager.会计部必须每周向总经理提出现况报告。work out 解决，完成

这个俚语在此是指‘解决问题’，通常有得到圆满结果之含意。除此之外，它还有‘算出…；锻炼身体’等的解释。

Things will work out as long as you are patient.只要你有耐心，事情早晚会解决的。ahead of the game 领先

这是俚语用法，照字面解释，指在一项运动比赛中‘领先其它的人’；亦即表示在某种情况中占优势，超越他人。

She studies hard every day to stay ahead of the game.她为了要领先其它同学，每天都很用功。

句型总结

●

讨论结束

1.That wraps up the last item on the agenda.2.That takes care of the last order of business.3.That concludes the final order of business.主席首先应宣布讨论已经结束，之后再作结语。“wrap up”与“conclude”的意思相同，表示‘结束’。“take care of”在此有‘完成’之意。●

总结重点

1.In summary, I think we agree that this quarter's domestic sales figures show a marked trend in microwave sales.2.Overall, I think we are in agreement about the third quarter's sales figures that show a marked trend in microwave sales.3.To repeat, we agree that the microwave sales figures are showing a marked trend.宣布讨论结束之后，主持人应总结会议的讨论结果或要点。“I think we agree…”是一个的间接句法，婉转地询问其它人的意见；而“in summary”、“overall”或“to repeat”是作摘要的实用词汇，通常置于句首。

●

感谢与会者

1.Finally, I appreciate your comments and suggestions about the Canadian sales outlook.2.And lastly, thank you for your comments and suggestions about the Canadian sales outlook.3.In conclusion, I welcome your comments and suggestions about the sales outlook for Canada.做过要点总结后，主席可以感谢与会者的建议和参与。用“finally”、“lastly”或“in conclusion”来承接上文，亦表示这是谈话的最后一段了。并以“appreciate” ,“thank you”这些字眼表达谢意。

●

提议散会

1.I make a motion to close the third quarterly meeting of Action Appliances.Is there a second?

2.I'd like to make a motion to conclude the third quarterly meeting of Action Appliances.Is there a second?

3.I move that we close this quarterly meeting.Do I have a second?

最后主席应提出散会的动议，并要求台下的人附议，若有人附议，即可进行表决，决定散会与否。

第二篇：商务英语会议对话

Conversation 1meeting

A: we need to discuss our work plan for next year.Miss Tang, did you prepare a list of action items?

B: yes.Does everyone have a copy? It’s only a draft, so I would appreciate any feedback before I forward it to the other departments.A: I see that expanding our product line tops the list of priorities.Although product development is important, I also think we need to find ways of upgrading our distribution network.B: I’ve asked the marketing department to follow up on that.I intend to incorporate some of their suggestions into the work plan before we submit the final report

A: we should also brainstorm with folks in advertising to make sure that our target audience is getting the message.B: we’ll have to be careful about how we present our ideas.Those creative types can be awfully sensitive!

A: I’ll speak with the assistant director in the advertising department.We have a good working relationship, and I think she’ll be receptive to our ideas.B: good.Let’s move on.Conversation 2meeting

A: today, we’re going to talk over how to increase sales in our country next year.Have you got any idea?

B: I think we should launch a new advertising and promotion campaign at the very beginning of next year.If we want to enjoy a bigger market share in our country, we should first let more people know about our products.C: I quite agree with your, Mr.Jing.In addition, I think we ought to run some more chain shops not only in some large cities but also in some medium-sized cities in our country.If we only emphasize large cities, we’ll lose market share.I think it is a good channel to promote our products.A: how do you feel about that, Mr.Brown?

D: I agree up to the point.But I think the main point is that our products are a bit expensive, compared with other brands.A: you mean we’ll reduce our prices?

D: as far as I am concerned, I think it’s a good idea to reduce our price by 5%.Perhaps at the beginning, we’ll lose some money, but it can make customers easy to accept our products.Little by

little, we can make small profits but quick returns.B: I don’t agree with you.You know, we only make a small profit at these prices.As I see, it’s more important to improve product quality and after-sales service than to reduce price.A: this seems a sensible and constructive suggestion.On the one hand, we should do further advertising and promotion.On the other hand, we should improve our after-sales service.It’s a good idea to open chain shops in some medium-sized cities.Are we all agreed?

All: yes.

第三篇：商务英语总结

Along with the deepening of economic globalization, development and accession to the WTO since the rapid growth of China's foreign trade, China and countries and regions all over the world economic and trade exchanges is becoming more frequent, English is engaged in foreign trade activities of business people for business exchanges and an important tool for communication.Business English trading activities have gradually become an indispensable part.Business English is a business application in the field of language, the language of the salient features of the application is professional and strong, meaning a relatively narrow face, the use of more scientific terms, professional.Many common English words in common, however, business English has its special meaning from the professional early seventies, linguists of the Language in Business English more and more interested in the use of.Pragmatic scientists, sports scientists and conversational analysts from different point of view of business with the characteristics of English language, stylistic features and characteristics of discourse.Business English language has its own characteristics of style, features and pragmatics of discourse characteristics.Business English sentences short, use active voice, present tense and the sentence, such as affirmative.The impact of its purpose, business letter form the structure of text, paragraphs, the characteristics of apparent natural clear convergence and coherence.This is a feature of its discourse with.Business English usually has six key principles: the correct, complete, clear, concise, considerate and courteous.In this paper, the basis of previous studies to try a new approach to the purpose of analysis---a letter from the business point of view to analyze the characteristics of the language of business English, focusing on inspection of its lexical features 随着经济全球化的深入发展和加入WTO，中国的对外贸易快速增长，世界各地的经贸往来中国和国家和地区日趋频繁，英语是从事对外经贸活动的商务人士进行商务交流与沟通的重要工具。商务英语逐渐成为贸易活动中不可缺少的一部分。商务英语在语言领域的商业应用，应用的显著特点的语言是专业性强，意义面相对较窄，多使用科学术语，专业。许多常见的英语常用词，然而，商务英语有其特殊的意义，从专业的七十年代初，语言学家对语言在商务英语中的运用问题越来越感兴趣。语用学家，运动科学家和英语语言的特点，从各自不同的角度分析商务会话分析家，文体特征和语篇特征。商务英语的语言有其自身的文体特点，语篇特征和语用特色。商务英语句子简短，多用主动语态，现在时和句子，如肯定。其目的的影响，商务信函形式的文本段落，结构，明显的衔接和连贯自然清晰的特点。这是一个特征的话语。商务英语通常有六大原则：正确，完整，清晰，简明，体贴周到的。本文在前人研究的基础上，试图分析——一封从业务的角度来分析商务英语的语言特点的目的的一种新方法，重点调查其词汇特征

Business English in his section you'll find materials and lesson plans to get your students prepared for real work scenarios and introduce them to business-related language and grammar, as well as tips and ideas on a range of teaching techniques used in business English classes.And, if you need to keep your lessons topical, our Business Spotlight series provides the perfect solution: based on articles from Business Spotlight, it covers a range of stimulating professional topics, from honesty in job interviews to the challenges of self-employment – and we add a new one every month!商务英语在他的部分，你会发现材料和课程计划来让你的学生准备的实际工作情况，向他们介绍相关的语言和语法，以及一系列的用于商务英语课堂教学技术，技巧和想法。并且，如果你需要保持你的课程主题，我们的业务焦点系列提供了完美的解决方案：基于业务的聚光灯下的文章，它涵盖了一系列刺激的专业问题，从诚信在求职面试中的自我就业–挑战，我们添加一个新的每一个月！

Different In Business English, we can use all the learning English more systematic and some exclusive terms.As we learned there like premium, insight into the performance, such as.These words are the traditional English learning books above to.在商务英语中，我们能更加系统的学习英语的各种用法和一些专属名词。比如我们学过的就有像溢价，绩效，洞察之类的。这些词语是传统英语书上面所学习不到的。

Structure Structure of academic English take is very strict, compared with the general English article, is of great readability, and the level of clarity, there is always a total score, total points like form.The most critical is the characteristic of the article also generally longer.学术英语所采取的结构都是十分严谨的，相对于一般英语文章而言，具有较大的可读性，而且文章的层次清晰，总有着总分，分总之类的形式。最关键的是文章也普遍较长的特点。Theme Academic subjects in English are relatively large, and it is through long-term research conclusion.Theoretical article is very stringent, from psychology, business, mathematics, statistics to analyze every angle.Through the case, convincing data to strengthen the.学术英语的主题都是比较大的，而且都是经过长期研究得出的结论。文章的理论性十分严谨，从心理学，商学，数学，统计学各个角度来分析。通过案例，数据来加强文章的说服力。

Last In academic English class more freedom, the interaction between teachers and students a lot, also hope that develops for a long time, thank you teacher and a semester of teaching.最后的

在学术英语课堂教师和学生更多的自由，很多之间的相互作用，也希望长期发展，谢谢老师和一个学期的教学

第四篇：怎么开英文会议(商务英语)

怎样开一个英文会议

——商务英语会议

A:B，最近晚上去跑步了吗？

Are you running in the evening recently, SZF? B:有，天天跑，对身体好

Yes, everyday it’s benefit to our body.C:我也去了

I also want to go

A:瞎扯的吧 我都没见过你们

I haven’t seen you.D:B身体不错啊

Good body.B:还好还好，多谢夸奖

Thank you!just so-so

E:你们在聊什么？跑步？我也好想

What are you talking? Running? I also want to.D:周末，一起去健身吧

How about going to the gym on the weekend? B:好啊

Ok

A:可以吧

Good idea.E:好了 大家都在 时间也到了 开始开会吧

It looks like everyone's here，time is over,Shall we begin ? C:我OK啦

I’m ok.B:好啊

Ok

D:好

Ok

A:恩

En

E:带了手机调静音或关机

If you have mobile phone, could you please turn in off?B:好的Yeah

C:好的，搞定

Ok

D:嗯

En

E:（发材料）这是我们的会议流程 大家看看

Ok, This is our meeting process, have a look.E:上次会议我们做了一个BOBO知名度市场调研报告 表明BOBO还是很受欢迎的,但是公司还没有没有开发很多关于BOBO的一些产品

Last meeting we did a market research report visibility BOBO.It’s suggested that BOBO are popular to young children.Our company doesn’t have many products about BOBO.So the purpose of the meeting is to researching and developing 4 new products for children.E：这次会议主要目的就是研发出4种产品

The purpose of the meeting is to researching and developing 4 new products for children.E：OK 看一下会议流程 SZF 说下你的产品

Ok, look at the agenda, First let Mr.Szf talk about his product B：在我看来，我们可以生产一种bobo的拼图

In my view, we can develop a kind of bobo puzzle.E：拼图？有什么意义吗？能说具体一点吗？

Puzzle? What is the significance of your product? Could you speak specific please?

B：你知道，拼图不仅有益智的效果，而且。。。。。。。。。。You know, the puzzle, not only develop intelligence, but kids can find pleasure from it.After a hard work of puzzle, looking the BOBO pattern at the puzzle, I think the children and adults will have a deep impression in our products.E：你们三个人对他的产品有什么看法？YYC首先来

Do you have any question about his product? YYC first.C：我提个问题哈，这个拼图有很多种，你能具体介绍下吗？怎么把伯伯这个形象融入进去

Sorry, could I ask a question, please? The puzzle have many kinds, so what’s kind of puzzle?Could you speak specific please? And how integrate this image into puzzle?

B：是这样的，拼图的图案就是BOBO的形象，这样也可以起到宣传的效果

Oh, the puzzle’s pattern is BOBO image, if we can do it, it will play the effect of publicity.D：但这一点都不实用，我不喜欢你这个方案

But that is not practical;I do not like this program of you.B：如果你想要更实用的话，我们可以把拼图做的大一些。。。。。一举三得啊

If you want a more practical, the puzzle can make some bigger, thicker, softer, so customers can spread the puzzle on the ground and sit down.If we can do it, the funny of play puzzle, the practicability, and the effect of publicity, it is shooting two birds with one stone.A：我认为这是一个不错的想法，我认同你

I think this is a great idea, I support you.B：谢谢

Thank you!

D：这样啊，我无话可说了

If so, I don’t want to say anything.E：拼图这个不错 那就把它作为一个产品来研发吧

The puzzle is great, so the puzzle would put it to develop it as a product E：SZ 你准备开发什么产品？

what products you are ready to develop? Mr.Sz?

D：电动陀螺

the electric gyro

E：电动陀螺？听起来很有趣

The electric gyro? Sounds fun.D：首先。其次。还有。。

Tops on the main body-solid-mounted electric motors and batteries.Motor shaft upward, is in the rotation of the electric gyro axis position.On the hinge blades fixed location to start the motor, can expose the gyro vertical in the supporting medium long turns.The electric gyro can also set the colors lamps and light bulbs, so that it turns the brilliance and light in all directions, thus increasing the perception of the entertainment.E：你这和其他普通陀螺有什么不同的吗？

What is the bust difference in contrast to the ordinary gyro? D：这就要提到一点，，，，It is necessary to mention that you can install micro-gyroscope internal music player, causes the gyro to rotate along with the beauty of the music.Of course, in the gyro packages can use stickers of cartoon character Bobo.E：音乐？不错的主意WHH 你怎么看？

Music? Great idea.what about you?

A：恩，不错的想法，尤其是孩子们，对音乐还是很喜欢的，而且资金投入也不会太大

En,good idea.especially children, still very fond of music, but it will not be much capital investment

B：不好意思，打断一下，这个陀螺会不会对小孩子有危险啊？比如，小孩子挥鞭子的时候可能会抽到别人

Sorry, to interrupt, the gyro will not dangerous for children ah? For example, when a child whiplash child may be able to get someone else D：额，因为陀螺是电动的，所以没有陀螺鞭

Break, because the gyro is electric, there is no whip gyroscope B：哦，这样的话还是不错的O, that’s great if so.D：是的，Bobo贴纸和Bobo英语双剑合璧，必胜

Yes, Bobo Bobo stickers and English two-pronged approach to win E：YYC 你有什么意见吗？

what’s your opinion, YYC?

C：我觉得还行，没有意见

I feel okay, no comment

E：那好 那这个电动陀螺也算一个研发产品吧

Well, then this can be considered an electric gyro product development right

E：WHH 你怎么样？

WHH, how about you?

A：我的方案是这样的。。。

The bag is printed on a variety of image BOBO.It can not only attract students to buy bags, but also to better promote BOBO sales in student groups.We all know that students must attend class every day and the children like buy something when they find their classmates have new thing but he don’t.E：BOBO背包？好像市场上有很多相似的产品 你们怎么看？

BOBO backpack? If there are many similar products on the market, how do you see?

C：我也觉得，市场上背包太多了，竞争或许激烈，好多类似这种比如说米奇……我们很没有优势

I also think the backpack on the market too much, perhaps fierce

competition, a lot like this example, we are no advantages Mickey......A：我不这样认为，我觉得卡通形象的书包还是很少的，一般我们见到的都是运动品牌的，比如Adidas,Nike等等，而且卡通形象更能吸引大家

I do not think so, I think the cartoon image of the bags or small, in general we see is the sports brands, such as Adidas, Nike, etc., and cartoon characters more attractive to everyone

D：不，我觉得做书包本身就没有创意，更别说竞争激烈

No, I feel that the bag itself is not creative, not to mention the fierce competition

B：我也这样觉得，做书包不太好

I also think so, do not a good school bags

A：不要这样吧，我的天！

Oh, no ,my god!

E：貌似大家都反对啊 这个方案就放下吧

Looks like we are opposed to this proposal would put it down.E：YYC 你的产品是什么？

What is your product,YYC?

C：我的方案是根据BOBO的形象推出一系列亲子装，现在BOBO非常流行，广大年轻夫妻也很乐于接受亲子装………………

My plan is to launch a series based on the image of parents installed BOBO, BOBO very popular now, the majority of young couples are very receptive to parents installed..........E：SZF 你怎么看？

What’s about you,SZF?

B：我认为这个衣服的市场竞争力跟书包一样大，而且没有很好地品牌效应，很难占有市场

I think the market competitiveness of the clothes with bags as big, but not a good brand, market share is difficult

C：这个亲子装不是特别注重品牌，我们重点在BOBO这个形象，可以大众化～他的市场非常广，一年四季都可以推出，没有季节性因素～

The parents installed is not particularly pay attention to brand, we focus on BOBO this image, he can mass-market is very wide, can be introduced throughout the year, no seasonal factors

B：我还是保留意见

I still reservations

E：你们二个人呢？

What’s about you?

A：我同意衣服那个方案，毕竟亲子装比的不仅仅是品牌，比的更是创意，Bobo在上面更能体现出家庭的温馨

I agree with the clothes that program, after parents installed over not only the brand, more creative than, Bobo above better reflect the warmth of the family

D：其实我觉得亲子装还是很有潜力的In fact, I think the parents installed or promising

E：恩 我也觉得不错 这个也确认为研发产品吧

En, I also think great!This also

E：

all you said about the new BOBO products is good.We’re nearly out of time.So do we all agree that BOBO puzzle, the electric gyro, BOBO bags and parentage clothes? Next meeting, we need to design certain style of the new product.C：OK～

E: Any question?

孙，苏，魏，晏: no

E: Thank you very much, everyone.The meeting is over.We’ll meet again on the next week at 7:00pm.

第五篇：大学商务英语总结

术语翻译：

1、复式记账double-entrybookkeeping2、会计循环accounting cycle3、财务报表financial statement4、会计恒等式accounting equation5、留存收益retainedearning6、净利润净损失net income/ net loss7、原始凭证source document8、日记账（普通特种）general / special journal9、分类账（总明细）general /subsidiary ledger10、试算平衡表trial balance11、调整分录adjusting entries12、财务报表附注 notes to the financial statements13、权益融资 equity financing14、债务融资 debt financing15、financial and security institution 金融和证券机构

16、Accounting Standards For Business Enterprise企业会计准则

17、短期偿债能力short-term liquidity18、长期偿债能力long-term solvency19、资本结构 capital structure20、坏账准备 provision for bad debts21、融资租入固定资产fixed assets financed by leasing22、流动负债current liabilities23、construction in progress 在建工程

24、goods in process 在产品

25、deferred tax on debit/credit 递延税款/借款款项

26、accounts payable 应付账款

27、notes receivable 应收票据

28、advances from customers 预收账款

29、paid-in capital 实收资本

30、capital reserve资本公积

31、surplus reserve盈余公积

32、undistributed profit未分配利润

33、accrual-based accounting 权责发生制

34、cash-based accounting 现金收付制

35、先进先出法（FIFO）first in first out36、后进先出法（LIFO）last in first out37、加权平均法weighted average38、成本与市价孰低法（LCM）lower of cost and market39、lower of the carrying amount and recoverable amount 可收回金额与账面金额孰低

40、成本法 cost method41、权益法 equity method42、issue a bond at a premium/discount 折价/溢价发行

43、本金 principal44、（债券的）票面价值face value45、残值residual value46、累计折扣 accumulated depreciation47、销售退回 return of sales48、销售折让 sales allowance49、销售折扣 sales discount50、计划成本法 planned costing51、定额成本法 norm costing52、成本差异 cost variance53、营业外支出 non-operating expense54、所得税 income tax55、投资损失（收益）investment loss（profit）

56、ROA资产收益率

57、ROE投资报酬率

58、ROI投资收益率

59、P/E ratio 每股市价/每股盈余

60、M/B value 市场价值与账面价值的比例

61、EPS 每股盈余

62、working capital 营运资本

63、EBIT息税前利润

64、capital gains 资本利得

65、market equilibrium 市场均衡

66、CAPM 资本资产定价模型capital assets pricing model67、capital cost 资本成本

68、贴现率discount rate69、业务凭证business document70、过账 post71、固定资产减值准备provision for impairment loss on fixed assets72、系统风险system risk73、marketable security 可出售债券

74、共同比报表 common-size statement75、独资 the sole proprietorship

句子与段落翻译

1、Double-entry accounting is an old universally accepted system for recording accounting data.With double-entry accounting each transaction is recorded in a way that maintains the equality of the basic accounting equation: Assets =liabilities, + OwnersEquity.To summarize, the following are the important features of double entry accounting:

(1)Assets are increased(增加)by debits(借方)and decreased by credits(贷方).(2)Liabilities and owners, equity accounts are increased by credits and decreased by debits.(3)Owners’equity for a corporation include capital stock accounts and the retained earnings account。

(4)Revenues，expenses，and dividends relate to owners’equity through the retained earnings accounts.(5)Expenses and dividends are increased by debits and decreased by credits because owners equity.(6)Revenues are increased by credit and decreased by debits.(7)The difference between total and revenues and total expenses for a period is net income(loss),which increase(decrease)owners equity through retained earnings.复式记账法是一种古老而被广泛接受的会计数据记录系统。复式记账能确保每项交易的记录都不影响会计基本恒等式的平衡：

资产=负债+所有者权益

总的来说，复式记账具有以下一些重要特点：

（1）资产增加计入借方，减少计入贷方。

（2）负债和所有者权益账户增加计入贷方，减少计入借方。

（3）一家公司的所有者权益包括股票资本账户和留存收益账户。

（4）收入、费用及股利通过留存收益账户与所有者权益相联系。

（5）费用和股利增加计入借方，减少计入贷方，因为它们影响所有者权益。

（6）收入增加计入贷方，减少计入借方。

（7）每期收入总额与费用总额之差为净利润（损失），其透过留存收益增加（减少）所有者权益。

2、Depreciation is the process of computing expenses from allocating the cost of plant and equipment（long-term assets）over their expected useful lives in the production of revenues.Adjusting entries for depreciation expenses involve increasing(debiting)depreciation expenses and a subtraction and thus used to record the declining asset balance.The plant and equipment account is not credited for depreciation.折旧是在工厂设备(长期资产)预期可创造收入的使用年限内,对其成本进行系统摊销的过程,针对折旧费用的调整分录为增加(借记)折旧费用,增加(贷记)一个称为“累计折旧”的专门账户，累计折旧属于资产备抵账户，它作为资产的减项用以记录资产余额的减损，厂场设备账户是不贷记折旧。

3、Financial reports are final products of accounting calculation.They are the written documents summarizing and reflecting the financial position and operating results of an enterprise, including a balance sheet, an income statement, a cash flow statement together with notes to the financial statements, and explanatory statement on financial condition.财务报告是会计核算的最终产品,是汇总反映企业财务状况和经营成果的书面文件,包括资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表以及一些补充表格，报表附注和有关财务情况的解释性报表。

4、An income statement is an accounting statement that reflects the operating results of an enterprise within an accounting period，as well as the distribution.The purpose for preparing the income statement is to provide users within accounting information on the operating results of the business.Functions of the income statement are as follow : to help explain, evaluate andpredict the operating results and profitability of a business ；to help explain，evaluate and predict

solvency；to help the management make operating decision；to evaluate the managements performance.利润表是反映企业某一会计期间,经营成果及其分配的会计报表.编制利润表的目的是为了向使用者提供有关企业经营成果的会计信息,利润表的功能包括:帮助解释、评价、预测长期偿债能力，帮助管理层进行经营决策，帮助评价管理层的业绩。

5、Notwithstanding its usefulness，the balance sheet has some serious limitations.External users often need to know a company sworth.The balance sheet, however, does not generally reflect the current value of a business.Actually, many assets are reported at historical cost.which is usually less than market value, and other assets are not included in the balance sheet at all, accordingly, the balance sheet numbers are often a very poor reflection of what a company is worth.A related problem with the balance sheet is the instability of the measurement currency.An additional limitation of the balance sheet is that all companies do not classify and report all like items similarly.尽管资产负债表很有用，但也有一些严重的缺陷，外部使用者经常需要知道一家公司的价值，但是资产负债表一般并不反映企业的当前价值，实际上，许多资产通常是按低于市场价值的历史成本报告的，而另一些资产甚至都没有包括在表内，因此，通常资产负债表数字几乎不反映公司的价值。与资产负债表相关的一个问题是计价货币的不稳定性。另一个缺陷是没有做到所有公司对于相似的项目都采用类似的方法进行分类和报告。

6、Based on the information from financial statement，we can calculate many financial ratios to provide information about following areas of financial performance：（1）short-term Liquidity，（2）long-term solvency and capital structure，（3）profitability，（4）efficiency，（5）growth，and（6）market value

财务报表的来的信息的基础上，我们可以计算很多财务比率来给以下财务经营领域提供信息

（1）短期偿债能力（2）长期偿债能力和资本结构（3）盈余能力（4）效率（5）增长率（6）市场价值

7、The value of a stock is equal to the stream of cash payments discounted at the rate of return that investors expect to receive on securities。Common stocks do not have a fixed cash payments consist of an indefinite stream of dividends。The present

tvalue of acommon stock is PV=DIVt/（1+r）

股票价值等于按投资者预期从可比证券上获得的回报率贴现的现金流出，普通股没有固定的到期日，其现金支付由无限期的股利流组成，因此普通股的现值等于

8、The risk of an investment is best judged in a portfolio context.Most investors do not put all their eggs into one basket.They diversify.Thus the effective risk of any security cannot be judged by an examination of that security alone.Part of the uncertainty about the security s return is “diversified away” when the security is grouped with others in a portfolio.投资的风险最好在投资组合中予以确定,大多数投资者不会把鸡蛋放在同一个篮子里,他们会分散投资,因此仅靠对单个证券的体验并不能判断出该证券的有效风险.如果某一证券与其他证券组成投资组合,则该证券收益的不确定性将被部分”分散掉”.9、Beta measures the amount that investors expected the stock price to change for each additional 1 percent change in the market.The average beta of all stocks is 1.0.A stock with a beta greater than 1 is unusually sensitive to market movements;a stock with a beta below 1 is unusually insensitive to market.Thus a diversified portfolio invested in stocks with a beta of 2.0 will have twice the risk of a diversified portfolio with a beta of 1.0.β衡量了市场每增加变动百分之一时投资者预期股价将变化的大小,所用股票的β平均值为1.0,贝塔值超过1的股票对市场的变化异常敏感,而贝塔值低于1的股票对市场的变化就不那么敏感.因此贝塔为2.0的股票组合的风险是贝塔为1.0的股票组合风险的两倍.10、The basic principles of portfolio selection boil down to a commonsense statement that investors try to increase the expected return on their portfolio and to reduce the standard deviation of that return.A Portfolio that gives the highest expected return for a given standard deviation, or the lowest standard deviation for a given expected return, is known as an efficient portfolio.投资组合选择的基本原则归结为一种常识性的说法是，投资和力图提高其投资组的期望并减少该收益的标准差，有效投资组合是那些特定标准差下具有最高期望收益或特定期望收益与下具有最低标准差的投资组合。

简答题

1、what are the two formats of balance sheet and the two formats of income statement separately？资产负债表的两种形式是什么?

The fundamental forms of balance sheet include account form and report form

An account form of balance sheet has two sides.The left side shows items of assets, the right side shows items of liabilities and owner s equity.It looks a “T” account, it is based on the equation stated as “assets=liabilities + owner s equity” The report form of the balance sheet states items of assets, liabilities and owner s equity horizontally, where assets are stated on the upper part of the balance sheet, liabilities and owner s equity on the lower part.It is based on the equation stated as “assets-liabilities=owner s equity”

2、How to calculate the following financial ratios? Please write down the formulas.如何计算下列财务比率,写出他们的公式

Current ratio=total current assets/total current liabilities

流动比率=流动资产总额/流动负债总额

Quick ratio=quick assets/total current liabilities

速动比率=速动资产/速动负债总额

Accounts receivable turnover=sales/accounts receivable

应收账款周转率=销售收入/平均应收账款

Days inventory=days in period/inventory turnover

平均收账期=天数/存货周转率

Debt ratio=total debt/total assets

负债比率=总负债/总资产

Equity multiplier=total assets/total equity权益乘数=总资产/总权益

Interest coverage=EBIT/interest expense

利息保障倍数=息税前利润/利息费用

ROA=net income/average total assets

资产收益率=净利润/平均总资产

ROE=net income/average stockholder s equity

权益报酬率=净利润/平均股东权益

Net profit margin=net income/total operating revenue

Payout ratio=cash dividends/net income

Total asset turnover=sales/average total assets

P/E ratio=market price per share/EPS

市盈率=每股市价/每股盈余

M/B vale=market price per share/book value per share

市值与账面值比=每股市价/每股账面价值

3、How to decompose the ROA and ROE according to the DuPont System？

通过杜邦分析体系来分解ROA，ROE

ROE=profitability * efficiency * leverage

=ROS * asset turnover * asset-to-equity ratio

=net income/sales * sales/asset * asset/equity4、what is NPV? And what is the NPV rule？什么是净现值法则？

NPV is present value plus any immediate cash flow

NPV rule：the financial manager cannot affect the interest rate but can increase,stockholders wealth.The way to do so is to invest in assets having

positive net present values