真题中的长难句总结(必须要看)

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第一篇:真题中的长难句总结(必须要看)

真题中的长难句总结

英语考研试卷中,阅读理解和翻译共有50分,占到了全卷分数的半壁江山。毫不夸张地说,把这两部分做好,在英语考试中取得理想的成绩便不再是奢望。那么怎么样才能做好这一部分的试题呢?关键要通过大量的练习,增强阅读英文句子,尤其是其中长难句的能力。长难句一般是指结构复杂难以理解的句子,也有一些其实结构并不复杂,但因为句子很长也很容易让人困惑。长难句出现不多,但是常常大大增加我们理解的难度,成为我们获取高分的“拦路虎”。

下面就近八年来(2003年除外)考研试题中阅读理解和翻译中出现的长难句都列出来,分析它们的结构,指出其中的考查难点,并对如何恰当翻译它们给出建议,希望考生朋友能从中得到一些启发。2003年试卷中的长难句,这里就不分析了,留给大家模考时候自己分析,同时检验自己学习分析长难句的成果。

1.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased „shareholders as a class,(which was)an element„ [语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句,难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定,并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element„landowners 又带有两个定语从句,一个是(which was)representing„,另一个是(which was)detached„。可见,定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构,从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。

[句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离,而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。

[翻译技巧] 实际上定语从句并不符合汉语的使用习惯。所以翻译时遇上定语从句,一定不要机械地按照原来的顺序生搬硬套。像这样分句较长的情况,把主句和分句拆为两句是比较好的方法。所以这里从“这个阶层”开始另起一句。

2.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large.“ comfonable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.[句子主干]Towns„sprang up„classes who„, and who„

[语法难点]1)有并列从句。分析句子主干很容易看到这也是一个典型的定语从句结构,分句由who„,and who„两个并列结构组成。注意like并不是谓语而是介词短语作定语,真正的主句谓语是sprang of。retire on指“依靠什么而退休(多跟表收入的名词)”。

2)that of drawing dividends 结构中,draw是收取的意思,dividend指红利,that of sth结构是名词性的,that of sth相当于which is结构,目的都是修饰前面的名词。注意后面还有attending„是省略了which were的定语从句,把of sth结构和定语从句交替使用是英语中长难句的惯用手法,目的是避免行文的单调,考生朋友们要注意分辨。

[句子翻译] 像Bournemouth和Eastboune这样的城市兴起了,大批隐退的享乐阶层人士靠自己的收入,在这里过着悠闲的生活。他们与群体之外的人没有联系,只是分取红利,偶尔参加股东会议,对管理人员发号施令。[翻译技巧]同样是为了避开定语从句,将主句和分句拆为两句。要注意几个短语的理解。retire on依靠„„退休/have„relation„to与„„有关系/up to 达到„„的规模

3.Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc.,like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”

[句子主干]Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down„, like a „, considering them as„, in which a„”

[语法难点]有省略。1)like„分句是省略了who 的主语从句中的分句,considering„分句是现在分词引导的状语从句。这个状语从句可以拿到句首,也可以在句尾。一般来说较长的状语从句置于句尾,较短的置于句首,为的是使句子看上去显得简洁一些。

2)like分句中出现了比较多的省略,补全以后是who like a poet who is among the letters„。英语中的从句之所以是难点就是因为大量地省略引导词。

[句子翻译]罗博特·富尔顿曾经写道,机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔、轮子等周围,像诗人对待字母表中的每个字母一样,把它们作为自己的思路展示,每一个新组合都传送一个新概念。

[翻译技巧]如果严格地翻译,like分句应该译为“像对待字母表中字母的诗人一样”,原因是这个从句修饰的是机械工,应该用诗人来对应,但这样一来,就不符合汉语的表达习惯了。

4.Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs.Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.[句子主干]Some of these causes are reasonable results„, Others are consequences of advances„

[语法难点]主语是some of these causes,实际的主语就是some,不过谓语是单数还是复数则取决于of后面的成分是单数还是复数。being to„是定语从句的分句结构,意为“属于”。

[句子翻译]在这些原因中,有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求,另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生的某些特定发展的必然结果。

[翻译技巧]这个翻译比较简单,注意being to的翻译即可。

5.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.[句子主干]This trend began during „, when„,that„

[语法难点]1)有套和从句。这个句子实际上是This trend began.其余的成分都是在起修饰和限定作用。在分析长难句时一定要注意找出句子的主干,关键是确定句子的主语和谓语,只有这样才不会被众多的修饰成分所迷惑。

2)When引导的是时间状语从句。第一个that引导的是修饰conclusion的定语从句,第二个that引导的是修饰demands的定语从句,wants前省略了which,是引导的修饰a government的主语从句。

[句子翻译]这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府下了结论,认为:政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

[翻译技巧]此句中短语较多。

come to the conclusion形成某种结论/make of提出/in detail详细地

6.This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.[句子主干]This seems „done by supporting a certain amount of research not„but„ [语法难点]注意not„but句型,意为“不是„„而是„„”

[句子翻译]给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研提供支持,看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。

[翻译技巧]严格说来,not„but结构应译为“不是„„而是„„”,但这样就显得罗嗦,所 以译为“与„„无关”,但(另一些有关)。a amount of指“数量达到„„”。be related to指“与„„有关”。

7.However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.[句子主干]However, the world is so made that„systems are „unable to deal with some of the „aspects

[语法难点]so made指“如此构成”,so和后面的that构成so„that结构,意为“如此„„以至于„„”。be„(un)able to指“可以(或不可以)„„”。

[句子翻译]然而,世界就是如此。一般而言,完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题。[翻译技巧]be so made that意为“如„构成”,不符合汉语表达习惯,所以译为“就是如此”。in principle 总的说来/deal with应付„„

8.New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.[句子主干]New forms„as well as new subjects„must arise„as they have in the past, giving rise to„

[语法难点]有并列从句。1)主语较为复杂,为并列结构,分别是new forms和new subjects,中间用as well as连接。2)as在这里引导了一个介词结构(as they have in the past),have的宾语省略了,其内容与本句主语一致。3)giving rise to„分句为非限定性定语从句的从句,省略了which are。

[句子翻译]同过去一样,将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象,给完美以新的标准。[翻译技巧]as well as 和,以及/give rise to给„„以机会

9.For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.[句子主干]For Lolyd Nicks, the NT Rights„means he can get on with living without„

[语法难点]插入成分很多。此句实际上是个简单句,其核心结构为Rights means„,只不过添加了诸多限制结构使句子看起来很复杂。”For Lolyd Nicks”为主句的状语成分,“a 54-years old„cancer”为Lolyd Nicks的同位语。

[句子翻译]对于现年54岁居住在达尔文的的肺癌患者尼克逊来说,这个法案意味着他可以平静地生活下去,而无须终日担心将要来临的折磨:因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去。

[翻译技巧]同位语从句在汉语中很少出现,对同位语从句的处理就把它当作定语从句即可。如此句中就将同位语成分作为前置状语成分的主语的修饰成分即可。haunting fear指“向看到鬼一样恐惧”,表示非常恐惧。

10.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.[句子主干]Someone„, if„, often had nowhere to turn except„

[语法难点]有省略现象。traveling不是现在分词,而是引导修饰someone的定语从句。if引导的从句中均省略了“主语+be动词”的结构,这样显得句子简洁。

[句子翻译]独自旅行时,如果没有了食物,受伤了或者生病了,通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救。

[翻译技巧]直译的话,应该说人们“没有其他地方,只有„„”可得到帮助,但这样写的话显得冗长而且费解,这里根据句意,译为“只能向„„求助”就比较准确了。“turn”的用法比较灵活,意思很多,这里依据上下文,译为“向„„求助”。

11.We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.[句子主干]We live in a society in which„substances is pervasive„

[语法难点]实际是简单句。此句句子虽长,但是结构并不复杂,可以从冒号开始分为两个部分。理解的时候要有意识地把两部分分开,个个击破。in which引导了一个定语从句。该从句的分句谓语动词是is而不是are,是因为在这个从句中主语是use,而不是substances,这一点要注意分辨。

[句子翻译] 在我们生活的社会里,物质(药品)被广泛地运用于社交和医疗:服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼,喝酒来应酬,早晨和咖啡来提神,吸烟镇定情绪等。

[翻译技巧]该句冒号以后的内容写得很轻巧,很有文学性,我们翻译的时候也不要强求字字照应,而应该也是比较灵活。如quiet不是“安静”的意思,而是“镇静”的意思。

12.Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.[句子主干]Dependence is marked first by„, with„, and then by„

[语法难点]有并列从句和省略。with引导的是伴随结构作状语,修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态。and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked,所以要注意其实该分句并不隶属于第一分句,而是与之并列的结构。

[句子翻译] 依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强,用量越来越大才能达到预期效果,一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状。[翻译技巧]有些同学遇上伴随结构就不知道如何翻译了,其实只要按照原来的语序顺次翻译就是。

13.But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.[句子主干]But he talked as well about „, and he announced that„

[语法难点]该句没有从句结构,而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would是因为表达了某人的主观态度和意愿。

[句子翻译] 但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准

[翻译技巧]虽然没有从句结构,但是由于句子太长,有众多的修饰成分,所以建议还是拆为两句较好。

14.Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.[句子主干]Average inflation„fell to a mere„, close to its„, before [语法难点]有省略。close to分句是非限定性定语从句,省略了which was。Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明,是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首,也可以置句末,并无定规。之所以用rising,是因为这里需要一个名次性的结构the inflation which was,这样显得简洁得多。[句子翻译]七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%,接近30年来最低水平,今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%,比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。

[翻译技巧]the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国。close to是靠近的意思。fall to是“跌落至„„”的意思。

15.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.[句子主干]Economists have been„surprised by„and„, since„,and especially„, have „

[语法难点]主句用现在完成时have been„是因为经济学家长时间以来关注,现在也在关注,是一个从过去持续到现在的动作。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。

[句子翻译] 特别让经济学家感到诧异的是,英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果,因为传统的分析方法表明,两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。

[翻译技巧]favorable表示的是“非常好的”,不是“非常喜欢的”,与个人取向没有关系。productive slack是“生产滑坡”的意思。

16.Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.[句子主干]Actually it isn’ t, because it assumes that„, which is„ [语法难点]有套合从句。本句为主从复合句。主句很简单,而because引导的原因状语从句中,又有一个that引导的宾语从句。这个从句中,主语an agreed account of human rights由一个which引导的飞行定性定语从句修饰,而这个非限定性定语从句中又有一个限定性定语从句the world does not have来修饰something。

[句子翻译] 事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在。

[翻译技巧]agree为“约定的”意思,agreed account直译为“约定的看法”,意译为“共同的认识”。可见翻译中一定要结合汉语的语言习惯灵活转换。an agreed account of human rights不可译为“有同意的人权记录”。此外,将不定代词具体化,也更符合汉语习惯。

17.Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.[句子主干]Some philosophers argue that„, as part of an exchange of„

[语法难点]该句仍为主从复合句。that引导的宾语从句中,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充当了补充语的角色。[句子翻译] 有些哲学家论证说,权利只存在社会契约中,是责任与利益相交换的一部分。

[翻译技巧]要正确选择contract的词义,不要译成从此“收缩,缩小”。argue不要译成“争论”,而要灵活处理成“论证说”。

18.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.[句子主干]It leads the discussion„: it invites you to think that„, or with„

[语法难点]有并列从句和省略。冒号把句子分成两部分,后一部分对前面部分作进一步解释说明。前面部分是简单句。后面部分是复合句。that引导的宾语从句中,主语是animals,谓语是should be treated,either„ or„引导两个介词短语作状语,either引导的介词短语中,humans extend to other humans是一个省略引导词that的定语从句。

[句子翻译] 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。

[翻译技巧]it 的所指要明确。leads the discussion to extremes译成“将讨论引向两个极端”,at the outset译成“从一开始”。注意把被动句译为主动句,更合乎汉语习惯。

19.Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.[句子主干]Arguing from the view that humans are„, extremists of this„

[语法难点]有套和从句。逗号前面是一个现在分词短语,作状语,里面又有一个that从句作the view的同位语,逗号后面的that从句是一个宾语从句。

[句子翻译] 这类人持极端看法,认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,对待动物无须考虑道德问题。

[翻译技巧]in every relevant respect译成“各相关方面”,不要把respect 译成“尊重”;extremists为极端主义者;let outside the area of moral choice译成“不在道德范围内,不关乎道德”。

20.When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.[句子主干]When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is „.instinct„, an instinct that should be„

[语法难点]以冒号为界,将全句分成两个复合句。前面的复合句里,时间状语从句when that happens叙述的是前一句to see„的情形的出现。That修饰这种行为,主句表明这种行为并不错。冒号后面的复合句解释为什么。这里有一个that从句,作instinct的定语。[句子翻译] 这种反应并不错,这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用,这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。

[翻译技巧]将that,it等代词具体化,使译文表达明确;reasoning不能译成“原因”,而应译为“推理,推论”;in action不能译成“在行动中”,而译成“在起作用”,action在此是“作用,性能”的意思;翻译被动语态时,使用“得到”,“遭到”等,使译文流畅自然

21.The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods leftare only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.[句子主干]New ways of „workplace„are only one contribution to„, which is„, and„

[语法难点]有插入语。两个破折号中间的成分为插入结构,可以视为括号里面的内容。Such as后面的内容是对many other factors的列举。在阅读的时候基本可以跳过不看,除非后面有细节题考查这里的内容。

[句子翻译] 组织工作场所的新方法——包括机构重组和缩小规模——只是促进某个经济实体的综合生产率提高的一项措施,还有其他许多因素促进生产率的提高,比如对机械设备的联合投资、采用新技术、对教育培训投资等。

[翻译技巧]all that译为“这一切包括”。overall productivity译为“综合生产力水平”。Joint investment译为“联合投资”。Drive译为“驱动”。

24.His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.[句子主干]His colleague,„, says that„ ,chopping out costs without giving„

[语法难点]有省略。chopping out costs without giving sufficient „分句是非限定性定语从句。修饰的是前一分句的整体意思。without后面要跟现在分词giving。

[句子翻译] 他的同时迈克尔·比尔说,为数众多的公司以简单机械的方式进行机构重组,降低了成本,但却未能充分考虑长期赢利。[翻译技巧]far too many译为“太多的(比实际需要)”。re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion应译为“以简单机械的方式”。chop out译为“削减”。

怎样处理阅读时最令人头疼的长句

长句

1.长句:长句是让我们感到很困难的句子,长句的明显特点就是句子比较长,一个句子往往有三、四行,甚至一个句子就是一段。许多应试者在阅读时经常会陷入一个很长的句子中,不知道它到底讲了些什么。长句之所以长,主要有下面几个原因:

I.从句多又长:一个主句带多个从句,从句中又有从句。

应对方法:首先找到主句的主体部分(即主语、谓语和宾语),再确定从句的主体部分,如果从句中还有从句,在确定下面一层从句的主、谓、宾。注意阅读时一层一层进行,先把同一层次的内容看完,再看下一层次的内容。

例如:98年的第三篇阅读文章中有这样一句话:“A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research。”

这句话就是在that引导的宾语从句中,又套入了两个who引导的定语从句。这个句子主句的主体是a survey reveals that„。从句的结构比较复杂:主语是the antiscience tag(反科学的标签),谓语是has been attached to(被贴到),宾语是many other groups,后面用了一个from sb.who„to sb.who„的结构来举例解释这些groups包括什么人。这句话的意思是“1996年进行的一次对新书的调查显示,“反科学”的标签也被贴在了很多别的人群的身上,包括提倡根除残余的天花病毒的权威机构,以及提倡削减基础科学研究资金的民主党人。”

II.长长的插入成分:考研阅读所选文章的一大特点就是喜欢用插入语,比如,用插入语交代某句话是谁说的,说话人是什么身份;或是用插入语来修饰、解释、补充前面的内容等等。插入语使作者能更灵活地表达自己的意思,但是插入语过长或是过多容易使读者找不到阅读的重点。从形式上看,插入语的出现有明显标志:用双破折号与主句隔开或者用双逗号与主句隔开。

应对方法:读句子时,先不要理会插入语,先把主句的意思看完。然后再看插入部分。例如:99年第一篇阅读文章中有这样一句话:“Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might — surprise!— fall off.”

这句话的插入语比较多,首先我们要找出主句:stepladders carry labels(梯子上贴着标签),这个labels有两个修饰语several inches long和一个that引导的从句。

从句的主语是that(也就是labels),谓语是warn,宾语又是另一个that引导的从句,在warn和宾语从句中插入among other things,表示宾语的内容只是在warn(被警告的)众多内容中列举的一个。这个被列举的内容是fall off(摔下来),但在fall off之前又插入了一个surprise!,插入这个词是因为作者认为梯子警告fall off是件令人吃惊的事,因为爬梯子本来就有摔下来的危险,但商家为了怕消费者控告,竟然将这么明显的事情也写进了警告语。

这个句子的阅读顺序应该是:第一层stepladders carry labels several inches long that,第二层是that warn that you might fall off,最后再看两个插入的部分among other things和surprise!

III.分词状语、独立主格结构的干扰:分词状语就是指用doing或done引导的伴随状语、原因状语等;独立主格结构有时由with引导,看似主谓结构,但实际上并没有真正的谓语部分。由于这些成分的干扰,不仅增加了句子的长度,而且使人很容易错把它们当成主句。在这里,我们不去仔细研究它们的语法构成,而主要研究一下在阅读时怎样分辨主句和这些从属部分。

应对方法:主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构,尤其是独立的谓语部分。什么样的词能构成独立的谓语部分?注意:dodoes和isamare的各种时态变化都可以做谓语,但是单纯的to dodoingdone和to bebeing的形式是不可以做谓语的。一个看似句子的结构,如果没有独立的谓语部分,那它就不是句子,而是分词短语或者独立主格结构。

例如:1994年考研阅读的第四篇文章中有这样一句话:“With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy。”

With引导的是一个独立主格结构,在这个句子中做原因状语,也就是说“因为现存癌症的种类有120种之多,所以„”。这句话的主语是由一个复杂的动名词短语充当的,即discovering how cancer works。由于这句话的状语较长,主语又是这样的一个复杂结构,所以大家往往感到找不到这个句子的主干。实际上,只要抓住谓语动词就很容易找到句子主干。由于单纯doing的形式是不可以做谓语的,所以在这个句子里,discovering就绝不可能是谓语。它是一个动名词,相当于名词的用法,因此它是做主语的。Works虽然是谓语,但它是how cancer works这个从句中的谓语,而不是主句的谓语。所以,主句的谓语只有is。

在实际的阅读过程中,我们常常会碰到包含上面三种情况的超复杂句子,即:一个句子中既有从句又有插入成分,还有分词状语或者独立主格结构。阅读这种句子的正确方法是:从前向后,抓住独立的谓语部分从而区别出主句和分词状语,再根据从句的连接词(有时无连接词)区分主句和从句,层层理解,插入语插在哪个层次中就放在哪个层次中理解。

我们举一个例子来练习一下这种阅读方法。

Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.(99年第四篇阅读)这句话比较长。主句在哪里?首先我们应该在从前向后读的过程中,根据独立的谓语动词找到主句。第一个动词是declaring,由于单纯的doing形式不能做谓语,所以它引导的是一个伴随状语。主句的主语是第二行的he,谓语是ordered,后面的that引导的宾语从句做ordered的宾语,这个宾语从句中还出现了一个插入语(用破折号标明)。

宾语从句的全部内容属于下一个层次,可以暂时不看。再看破折好后面,又出现了一个独立的谓语动词asked,由于从句的主语federal funds不会发出asked的动作,因此asked是主句的谓语动词。说明主句主语he发出了两个动作ordered和asked,用and连接,asked的后面也有一个比较长的宾语从句。

我们在理清了文章的第一层结构是:Declaring that„, he ordered that„ and asked„之后,我们就可以分别分析这三个动词的宾语部分了。

a.Declaring后面是一个that引导的宾语从句,表示其宣布的内容是“反对利用这项非同寻常的畜牧技术来克隆人体”; b.ordered之后也是一个宾语从句,但其中又插入了一个成分“他同时下令禁止政府资助这种试验----尽管目前还没有人提出要这样做”;

c.ask一词后面通常接ask sb.to do sth.的结构,这句话比较复杂,但其主要结构仍是ask an panel to report back,只不过每个主要成分又有限定和修饰语。

这句话的意思是“命令一个由普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro带领的独立专家小组在三个月内向白宫汇报,对制定人体克隆方面的政策提供建议。”

(以上选自《新东方考研英语阅读》难点及应对策略部分)

俞敏洪从100套真题中提炼而出的100百个经典句子

俞敏洪从100套真题中提炼而出的100百个经典句子

1.Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2.Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.2.1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢?

3.Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3.人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。

4.Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5.In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6.The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

7.It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.7.简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达。

8.With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。

9.The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的。

10.The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

11.Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.11.酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。

12.Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.12.Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。

13.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。

14.Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

15.Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐,农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。

16.The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷,以便校准机械计时器。

17.Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.17.人类学是一门科学,因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果,而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。

18.Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要,而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解动物粪便。

19.When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.19.音叉被敲击时,产生几乎纯质的音调,其音量经久不衰。

20.Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。

21.Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。

22.The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.22.一个国家的主要食物是什么,大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。

23.Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.23.在大量的实验中,某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。

24.Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.24.大多数物质遇冷收缩,所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。

25.The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.25.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。

26.By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.26.到了二十一世纪中叶,美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。

27.In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.27.伊丽莎白市,一个重要的航运和制造业中心,坐落于新泽西州的东部。

28.Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.28.Elizabeth Blackwell,美国第一个女医生,创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。

29.Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.29.Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人,他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师,而非电话的发明者。

30.Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.30.采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰,因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。

31.Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.31.骨头看起来是脆硬的,但它也有一定的弹性,使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。

32.That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.32.科学家曾相信:氙气是不能形成化合物的。

33.Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.33.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失,避免人员伤亡。

34.The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.34.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。

35.Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.35.未来主义,二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统,试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。

36.One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.36.Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一,此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。

37.Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.37.Lucretia Mott’s的影响巨大,所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。

38.The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.38.国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。

39.The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.39.大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线,该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。

40.Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.40.对地球引力的研究表明,在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。

41.The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.41.尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。

42.The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.42.墙花之所以叫墙花,是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长,以便有所依附。

43.It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.43.社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往,而不是他们各自生活中的事件。

44.No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.44.给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。

45.Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.45.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀,凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起,飞离它们的躲藏地。

46.According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.46.根据人类学家的说法,直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似,额头后倾,眉毛突出。

47.Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.47.直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。

48.In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.48.John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。

49.Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.49.父母的教导如果坚定,始终如一和理性,孩子就有可能充满自信。

50.The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.50.北美远古的Hopewell人很可能种植了玉米和其他农作物,但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。

51.Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of inFORMation on a single map.51.使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放进大量的信息。

52.Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.52.无政府主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度,它们的主要共同点在于相信政府是有害的,没有必要的。

53.Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.53.恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。

54.The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.54.使用精心挑选的无意义词汇,可以检验语言学科里许多基本的假定。

55.The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.55.优化历史是由一连串的迷人事件组成,其源头大概可以上溯到最早的图画。

56.Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually.56.相互般配的珍珠,串成一条项链,就能卖到比单独售出好得多的价钱。

57.During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.57.十八世纪时,“小乌龟”是迈阿密部落的酋长,该部落的地盘就是今天的印第安那州和俄亥俄州。

58.Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.58.在竹子的近七百个品种中,有的全长成还不到一英尺,有的却能在二十四小时内长出三英尺。

59.Before staring on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, study the sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.59.谨慎的航海员在出航前,会研究航向,记录的灯塔的位置,以便对各种可能出现的情况做到有备无患。

60.Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.60.在所有的经济作物中,棕榈树得到的研究最少。

61.Buyers and sellers should be aware of new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities.61.购买者和销售者都应该留意技术的新发展,原因很简单,因为技术能够并且已经影响着营销活动。

62.The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage have multiplied the uses of the modern typewriter.62.电脑储存和由于电子微处理机得以实现的电控运用成倍的增加了现代打字机的功能。

63.The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones bound together by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments.63.人类骨骼有二百多块骨头组成,住些骨头石油坚韧而相对缺乏弹性的,被称为韧带的结蒂组连在一起。

64.The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.64.珍珠的色泽受到作为其母体牡蛎种类及牡蛎生活水域的深度,温度和含盐度的制约。

65.Although mockingbirds superbly mimic the songs and calls of many birds, they can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues.65.尽管模仿鸟学很多种鸟的鸣叫声惟妙惟肖,但人类还是能够依其声音上的线索很快识别它们。

66.Not only can walking fish live out of water, but they can also travel short distances over land.66.鲇鱼不仅可以离开水存活,还可以在岸上短距离移动。

67.Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate that changers in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible.67.科学家不知道恐龙为何绝种了,但是一些理论推断是地理,气候和海平面的变化造成的。

68.The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes inFORMation derived from other sciences.68.主要目的在于丰富和优质的农艺学利用了其他科学的知识。

69.Snow aids farmers by keeping heart in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds from freezing.69.雪对农民是一种帮助,因为它保持地层土壤的温度,使种子不致冻死。

70.Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.70.历代文学作品中的英雄本色虽各有千秋,但其昭世功力却是恒古不变的。

71.People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into power and then adding water.71.史前的人们制造颜料是将植物和泥土等原料磨成粉末,然后加水。

72.Often very annoying weeds, goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants and act as hosts to many insect pests.72.黄菊花通常令人生厌,它挤走不那么顽强的植物,并找来很多害虫。

73.Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than at present.73.大约从公元前七千年开始,在四千年当中,北半球的温度比现在高。

74.When Henry Ford first sought financial backing for making cars, the very notion of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was considered ridiculous.74.当亨利.福特最初制造汽车为寻求资金支持时,农民和一般职员也能拥有汽车的想法被认为是可笑的。

75.Though once quite large, the population of the bald eagle across North America has drastically declined in the past forty years.75.北美秃头鹰的数量一度很多,但在近四十年中全北美的秃头鹰数量急剧下降。

76.The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home.76.水獭啃倒树木,以便取食物并获得造窝的材料。

77.Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting, but the American Kennel Club does not consider them sporting dogs because they are now primarily kept as pets.77.长卷毛狗曾被用作猎鸭时叼回猎物的猎犬,但是美国Kennel Club却不承认它们为猎犬,因为它们现在大多数作为宠物饲养。

78.As a result of what is now know in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine.78.物理学和化学的一个成果是使得科学家们能在生物学和医学上获得重大发现。

79.The practice of making excellent films based on rather obscure novels has been going on so long in the United States as to constitute a tradition.79.根据默默无闻的小说制作优秀影片在美国由来已久,已经成为传统。

80.Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.80.因为顾客认为最好的水果应该看起来也是最漂亮的,所以种植者必须提供能满足挑剔眼光的产品。

81.Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.81.电视,这项从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术,正在步入一个新时代,一个极为成熟和多样化的时代,这将重塑我们的生活和世界。

82.Television is more than just an electronics;it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.82.电视不仅仅是一件电器;它是表达的手段和交流的载体并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。

83.Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment have more than doubled over the past twenty years, and recidivism------that is the rate for re-arrest------is more than 60 percent.83.更让人吃惊的事实是监禁的数目和比例在过去的二十年中翻了一番还有余,以及累犯率——即再次拘押的比例——为百分之六十强。

84.His teaching began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but William Rainey Harper lured him to the new university of Chicago, where he remained officially for exactly a generation and where his students in advanced composition found him terrifyingly frigid in the classroom but sympathetic and understanding in their personal conferences.84.他的教书生涯始于麻省理工学院,但是William Rainey Harper把他吸引到了新成立的芝加哥大学。他在那里正式任职长达整整一代人的时间。他的高级作文课上的学生觉得他在课上古板得可怕,但私下交流却富有同情和理解。

85.The sloth pays such little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair.Its muscles are such that it is quits incapable of moving at a speed of over a kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm.85.树獭即不讲究卫生,以至于它粗糙的毛发上生出绿苔,成群的寄生蛾生长在它的皮毛深处,变成毛毛虫,并以它的脏毛为食。她的肌肉不能让他哪怕在很短的距离以内以每小时一公里的速度移动。它能做的最敏捷的动作就是挥一挥它弯曲的胳膊。

86.Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes.They are made from a variety of materials, such as way and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers.86.人造花卉即可用于科学目的,也可用于装饰目的,它们可以用各种各样的材料制成,臂如蜡和玻璃;其制作如此精巧,几乎可以以假乱真。

87.Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne, Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coal-rich regions of the United States.87.在伊利诺州Angonne市的一个废弃煤矿的三年研究取得了成果,科学家们相信这些成果可以帮助改造把美国产煤区弄得伤痕累累的数千个旧煤场。

88.When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines.88.当有关西部铁路的说服和规划工作终于完成后,真正艰难的任务还没有开始;即危险,吃力,需要伤筋动骨和吵吵嚷嚷的建造这些铁路的实际工作。

89.Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections.89.由于空间不足,艺术博物馆在考虑购买和接受捐赠的艺术品是越来越慎重,有些情况下放弃其进一步改善收藏的机会。

90.The United States Constitution requires that President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.90.美国宪法要求总统是生于美国本土的公民,三十五岁以上,并且在美国居住了至少十四年。

91.Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in caving new trails in the desert.91.美国西部的不毛之地正成为玩耍的地方,对越来越多拥有摩托车或越野单车类车辆的,喜欢放纵于爬坡比赛或开辟新的沙漠通道的寻欢作乐者具有不断增长的吸引力。

92.Stone does decay, and so tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the man who made them have disappeared without trace.92.石头不会腐烂,所以以前的(石器)工具能保存下来,虽然它们的制造者已经消失的无影无踪。

93.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.93.昆虫就将会使我们无法在这个世界上居住;如果我们没有受到以昆虫为食的动物的保护,昆虫就会吞嚼掉我们所有的庄稼并杀死我们饲养的禽兽。

94.It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.94.确实,他们在探险中遇到了极具威胁性的困难和危险,而他们的装备会让一个现代登山者想一想都会浑身颤栗。不过他们并不是刻意去追求刺激的。

95.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.95.老人和年轻人之间只有一个区别:年轻人的前面有辉煌的未来,老年人灿烂的未来却已在它们身后。这也许就是困难之所在。

96.I find young people exciting.They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort.They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.96.我们位年强人振奋。它们带有自由的气息,他们不会为狭隘的野心和贪婪享受而孜孜以求。他们不是焦虑的向上爬的人,他们不会对物质性的东西难舍难分。

97.I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.97.每次我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情,说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话,我都倍感诧异。

98.It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercise: as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are around.98.没有可能仅仅为了娱乐或锻炼而运动:一旦有了问题,一旦你觉得你输了你和你所属团体会有失体面时,你最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。

99.It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles------or locate flying insects on which they feed.This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.99.人们已经发现,某些蝙蝠发出尖叫声并靠接受回响来锁定和避免障碍物——或者找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。蝙蝠这种回响定位法常拿来和原理与之很相近似的雷达相比。

100.As the time and cost of making a clip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failure.100.随着芯片制造时间和费用降低到了几天和几百美元,工程师们可能很快可以任他们的想象驰骋而不会被昂贵的失败所惩罚。

第二篇:2010-2018年英语高考全国卷中长难句及解析

2010-2018年全国卷长难句

1、(2018全国卷1阅读B)And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.译文: 这位“早安,英国”的电视节目主持人说,她能够在自己的家里把许多学到的东西付诸实践,为14岁的儿子山姆,13岁的芬恩,和11岁的杰克准备膳食。

分析:这是一个多重复合句,主句And the Good Morning Britain presenter says后面跟的是省略了that的宾语从句。宾语从句本身也是复合句,其中what she's learnt 也是宾语从句,preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11是-ing形式做伴随状语。

2、(2018全国卷1阅读C)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.译文:一般的规律是,温和地带的通常为许多人所使用的语言相对较少,而炎热潮湿地带的语言较多,通常为少数人所使用。

分析:这是一个复合句,句中that引导一个表语从句;从句中often spoken by many people和often spoken by small numbers为-ed形式做定语,分别修饰few languages和lots。同时while在句中做并列连词,意为“然而”,表示对比。

3、(2018全国卷1七选五)A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.译文:懂得这样处理自己居所的颜色选择是营造你喜爱房间的关键步骤之一。

分析:这是一个主从复合句。you’ll love to live in修饰先行词rooms, 省略了关系代词that/which。steps后的to 是介词,所以跟-ing形式creating。、(2018全国卷1完形填空)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and ,eventually, to our lives.译文:按照其他标准,要让这门课过关,我们必须写一篇论文,论述我们如何计划将所学的知识运用到将来的职业中,最终,运用到我们的生活中。

分析:这是一个主从复合句。how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to...用作介词on的宾语从句,其中what we would learn in class to...又用作apply的宾语从句。In order to pass the class为动词不定式短语作目的状语,among other criteria为介词短语,作方式状语。

5、(2018全国卷1语法填空)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening lifethan walking, cycling or swimming.译文:虽然定期跑步并不能让你长生不老,但该评论称,它比散步、骑车或游泳更能延长寿命。分析:这是一个主从复合句。While引导的是一个让步状语从句,这里相当于Although。the review says后面跟的是宾语从句,省略了连词that。

6、(2018全国卷2阅读A)Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park,staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.译文:周四,我们短途旅行去巴黎,游览巴黎迪斯尼乐园,晚些时候,我们观看游行和烟花。分析:这是一个主从复合句。where we will visit Disneyland Paris park是一个定语从句修饰先行词Paris;staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks是-ing形式做伴随状语。另外,本句的主句部分Thursday sees...运用了拟人的修辞格。

7、(2018全国卷2阅读B)When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.译文:当冰冻香蕉和其他莓类或水果片混合时,就会成为制作浓郁冰凉果昔和低脂肪“冰淇淋”的不错的主要底料。

分析:这个句子的主干是 frozen bananas make an excellent base。When combined with berries or slices of other fruits是一个-ed形式用作时间状语。、(2018全国卷2阅读C)According to the report's key findings, “the proportion(比例)who say they‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”

译文:根据这个报告的重要发现,“那些说他们从来或者几乎不以读书为乐趣的人的比例分别从1984年的13岁中的8%,17岁中的9%上升到了现在的22%和27%。” 分析:这是一个主从复合句。句子主语是the proportion,谓语是has gone。who say they‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’read for fun 是一个定语从句修饰先行词the proportion,say 后面跟了一个省略了that的宾语从句。

9、(2018全国卷2阅读C)The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.译文:报告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的数据是:在阅读方面,父母是孩子的榜样和重要的楷模。分析:这是一个主从复合句。句子的主干是The most hopeful data shows clear evidence。shared in the report是-ed形式用作定语修饰data。when it comes to reading是一个时间状语从句。

10、(2018全国卷2阅读D)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation.译文:认为闲谈不重要而不予考虑很容易,但是我们不要忘记,如果没有随意的的聊天,就不会有深入的人际关系。

分析:这是一个由but 连接的两个并列句,第一个并列句中Dismissing small talk as unimportant 是主语;第二个并列句中forget后跟了一个that引导的宾语从句,其中还含有一个if 引导的条件状语从句,这里是虚拟语气。、(2018全国卷2七选五)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.译文:锻炼会让你更加神清气爽,更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。分析: handle后跟了一个whatever引导的宾语从句,并且在句中作主语。

12、(2017年全国1卷阅读理解A篇)It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.译文:这是一个惊人的成就,一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。

分析:本句为复合句。其中,one指代前面的accomplishment,后面为定语从句,修饰先行词one,且从句使用了cannot和without表示双重否定。

13、(2017年全国1卷阅读理解D篇)Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.译文:接着把管子放在恰当的位置,使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。

分析:本句为复合句。主句lay the tube in place为祈使句;so that引导目的状语从句,从句是and连接的并列句。

14、(2017年全国1卷阅读七选五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.译文:如果三年前有人告诉我会用大部分的周末时间来野营,我会狂笑不已。

分析:本句为主从复合句。if引导的是条件状语从句,因表示对与过去事实相反的假设,所以本句中条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个that引导宾语从句。

15、(2017年全国1卷完形填空)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.译文:我不知道我竟然会爱上美式手语。

分析:此句为倒装句,little为否定词,当否定词位于句首时,句子要使用部分倒装。

16、(2017年全国1卷完形填空)What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.译文:我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。

分析:此句中what 引导的是主语从句,作句子的主语。此外,I had experienced in the past为定语从句,修饰先行词anything。

17、(2017年全国1卷完形填空)Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.译文:相反,如果有任何交谈,那会导致我们学到较少的东西。

分析:本句为复合句。if引导的是虚拟条件句,表示对过去的虚拟,所以本句中条件状语从句使用过去完成时there had been;主句使用“would have done”结构。

18、(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解A篇)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.译文:通过把《爱的徒劳》那丰富、幽默的文本翻译成手语,Deafinitely 剧院创造了一种对莎士比亚喜剧新的解释,通过向失聪人群和听力健全人群演出,旨在在失聪和有声世界之间搭建一座桥梁。

分析:在本句中,By translating...BSL为方式状语,and连接creates和aims两个动词作并列谓语。

19、(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.(同位语从句、让步状语从句)

译文:拍电影和四年后出演The Sting的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实:尽管我们存在年龄差距,但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。

分析:本句的主干是 The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中,grew out of...later为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词friendship;后面的although there was...live TV为that引导的同位语从句,解释说明fact的内容。此外,同位语从句中还包含了一个although引导的让步状语从句。

20、(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇)We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back 一 he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.(同位语从句、条件状语从句、定语从句)

译文:我们有着这样的信念—如果足够幸运获得成功,就应该有所回馈。他成立了 Newman’s Own食品公司和为病重孩子成立了Hole in the Wall camps夏令营,而我成立了圣丹斯协会和电影节。分析:本句中,that引导同位语从句,解释说明belief的内容;同位语从句中包含了一个if引导的条件状语从句;破折号后出现了一个who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词kid。

21、(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C篇)Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.译文:Terrafugia 说机主需要通过测试并且完成20个小时的飞行时间才能驾驶 Transition,这一要求对于飞行员来说相对容易满足。

分析:本句中a requirement 为同位语,是对前面内容作补充说明,pilots would find relatively easy to meet是定语从句,省略了充当宾语的关系代词that/which,修饰先行词requirement.22、(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇)Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(宾语从句、非谓语动词、定语从句)译文:早在1983年,杰克·舒尔茨和伊恩·鲍德温两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树释放会一种邻近的植物能够获得的特殊气味。

分析:本句中that引导宾语从句,作reported的宾语,从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词smell。getting bitten by insects为现在分词作后置定语,修饰maple trees。

23、(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.译文:如果有人敲门,并且不是什么重要的事情,那就礼貌地谢绝,让别人知道你很忙,这样他们就会得到暗示,当门关着的时候,你不想被打扰。

分析:本句为if引导条件状语从句。在主句中,you’re busy是know的宾语从句;so引导结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中包含一个that引导同位语从句,解释说明hint的内容。同时同位语从句又包含了一个when引导时间状语从句,因此句子的主句为you’re not to be disturbed.。

24、(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B篇)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.(定语从句)

译文:布拉德福德把建筑物和土地卖给了一家当地的开发商,这家开发商打算在电影院所在的土地上建一个购物中心。

分析:本句中which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a local development firm;此外,定语从句中又包含一个where引导的定语从句。

25、(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.译文:纽卡斯尔大学的智能运输团队已经把电动汽车转变成名叫“DriveLAB”的移动实验室,目的是了解老年人司机面临的挑战和发现关键的问题所在。

分析:非谓语动词、宾语从句

26、(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.译文:对于很多老年人来说,特别是那些独自居住在乡间的老年人,驾驶对于保持他们(老年人)的独立性是非常重要的,这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。

27、(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝)and inactive.译文:研究表明,放弃驾驶是导致老年人健康状况下降的主要原因之一,导致他们变得更加隔绝和懒散。

分析:that引导宾语从句,宾语从句中giving up driving为动名词短语作主语,leading to...作现在分词作状语。

28、(2017年全国Ⅲ卷完形填空)Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.译文:Axani 在他的帖中说:他并不是寻求任何回报,使用这张多余机票的女士可以选择与他一起旅行,或者拿走机票自己旅行。

分析:本句中,that„and that„是并列的两个宾语从句,作wrote的宾语,who uses the extra ticket为定语从句,修饰先行词the woman。

29、(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解B篇)His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.译文:他的出现意味着课堂上我有一个意料之外的教学助手,他的创造力会感染其他学生。分析:本句为复合句;that引导的是宾语从句,作meant的宾语;在宾语从句中包含了由whose引导的定语从句,关系词whose在从句中作定语,表示所属关系。

30、(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解C篇)Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.译文:然后,大家可以把它(书)留在一个公共场合,希望这本书经历一场冒险,随着每个发现它的新读者来一场遥远广阔的旅行。

分析:Then the person leaves it in a public place为句子的主干,hoping that...是现在分词作伴随状语,that引导的是宾语从句,在宾语从句中又包含了一个现在分词短语traveling...作伴随状语;此外,在后一个伴随状语中还包含了一个由who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词reader。

31、(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇)Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.译文:Shackleton,一个曾经的英国上船船队军官,在1908年到达过距离南极点不足100英里的地方,在他1914年航海前开始做生意来从电影和摄影中赚钱。

分析:Shackleton started a business.为句子主干,a onetime British merchant-navy officer为Shackleton的同位语,同时作定语从句who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908的先行词,before his 1914 voyage 为时间状语,to make...为不定式作目的状语。

32、(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇)Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published..译文:Frank Hurley,一个自信的,有天赋的,对南极洲有了解的澳大利亚摄影师,被雇佣去拍照,其中大部分图片以前从未被发表过。

分析:Frank Hurley was hired.为句子主干,a confident and gifted Australian photographer为Frank Hurley的同位语,同时作定语从句who knew the Antarctic的先行词,to make...为不定式短语作目的状语,此外,还有一个which引导的非限制定语从句,修饰先行词images。

33、(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读七选五)It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.译文:它始于窥探自己的内心,和明白就自然界而言你是谁,以及如何处理园艺工作流程。(with respect to“就……而言,关于”)分析:It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding为句子主干,在understanding后有who和how引导的两个宾语从句。

34、(2016全国新课标甲卷完形填空)The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up.译文:坐在桌子旁的她,看到了我疯狂的举动,同情地跳了起来。

分析:本句的主干为The woman jumped up,sitting at the desk为现在分词短语作后置定语,seeing my madness为原因状语。

35、(2016全国新课标甲卷完形填空)It could be anything——gardening, cooking, music, sports——but whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.译文:它可以是任何事——园艺活、做饭、音乐或是运动——但是不管是什么事,一定要确保它是一件放松日常压力而不是另外一件需要担心的事情。

分析:本句是由but连接的两个并列分句,在后一个分句中含有一个whatever引导的状语从句,主句是一个祈使句。

36、(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解A篇)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.译文:如果不是Rachel Carson的话,今天的环保运动就可能不会存在。

分析:本句为复合句,主句为the environmental movement might not exist today,if引导条件状语从句。注意本句使用了虚拟语气,表示对现在的虚拟。

37、(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解B篇)Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.译文:经过一年友好的协商之后,Garza女士才最终同意。

分析:本句为倒装句,当only+状语位于句首,引起部分倒装,句子可还原为“Ms Garza finally say yes only after a year of friendly discussion”。

38、(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解B篇)Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.译文:几乎每个祖父母都想和自己的孙子住在一起并愿意做出牺牲,但有时拒绝而取而代之以经常探访更为明智。

分析:本句是由but连接的两个并列分句,前一个分句and并列两个谓语动词表示顺承关系,后一个分句中it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式。

39、(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解C篇)For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.译文:对于这个递送的工作,你意识到在那个箱子里放的很可能是挽救别人生命的东西。分析:本句为复合句,前一个that引导宾语从句,在宾语从句中包含了一个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词something。

40、(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D篇)Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.译文:当护士和其他看护者遇到的病人可能经历个人焦虑时,他们需要知道沉默的可能含义。分析:本句的主句为Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence,when引导时间状语从句,在时间状语从句中,their patients may be experiencing为定语从句,修饰先行词anxiety。

41、(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D篇)Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.译文:因此,当一个来自其中某个文化群体的人在说话的时候突然停住时,可能是在暗示讲话者希望听众在继续(讲下去)之前思考一下刚才所讲的内容。

分析:本句中when引导的是时间状语从句;what may be implied为主语从句,that引导表语从句,在表语从句中,包含了一个what引导的宾语从句,作consider的宾语。

42、(2016全国新课标乙卷完形填空)Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.译文:他们走进这辆车,看到一位妇女试图从破了的车窗爬出来。

分析:本句中现在分词短语Approaching the vehicle作状语,that引导宾语从句,作saw的宾语,broken为过去分词作定语。

43、(2016全国新课标乙卷语法填空)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.译文:但我和熊猫的联系可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期的一档电视节目中,我是第一个被允许拍摄野外营救挨饿的熊猫影片的西方电视台记者。

分析:本句为主从复合句,其中when引导非限制性定语从句,修饰the mid-1980s,过去分词短语permitted„作定语修饰reporter。

44、(2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解C篇)To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.译文:对于习惯于在超市卖的黄金美味和皇家嘎啦这种有限苹果种类选择的人来说,看到仍旧存留的传统苹果是很长见识的,比如罗马人种植的Decio。

分析:本句的主句是it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式;此外,To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets为状语,状语中包含了who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people;本句最后还有一个which引导定语从句,修饰先行词Decio。

45、(2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解D篇)Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.译文:读者们也喜欢分享让他们感到兴奋或有趣的文章,或者是引发愤怒或焦虑的消极感受的文章,而不是仅仅让他们感到悲伤的文章。

分析:本句为复合句,三个that引导的定语从句对articles进行解释说明。

46、(2016全国新课标丙卷阅读七选五)When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.译文:当你买完鱼回家后,如果不立即烹饪你最好把鱼放在冰箱里保存,但新鲜的鱼只能在冰箱保存一到两天。

分析:本句为复合句,when引导时间状语从句,主句中还包含了if引导条件状语从句。

47、(2016全国新课标丙卷完形填空)We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player,but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’ s accident.译文:我们是以10比1赢得比赛并且我被评为最有价值的球员,但我经常做疯狂的梦,在梦中我因为Miller的事故而受责备。

分析:本句是由but连接的两个并列分句,在后一个分句中包含了一个in which引导的定语从句。

48、(2016全国新课标丙卷语法填空)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.译文:一些人认为这位生活在公元前约551-479年的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。分析:本句的主干为Some people think that Confucius influenced the development of chopsticks,其中that引导宾语从句,在宾语从句中包含了一个who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词Confucius。

49、(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解B篇)Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where —— luckily for me —— I was planning to have dinner that very night.译文:眼前的西红柿令我欣喜不已,当我听说布朗的格鲁夫农场是杰克达斯蒂餐厅的供应商之一时,我更加高兴了。杰克达斯蒂餐厅是萨拉索塔丽思卡尔顿酒店新开张的一家餐厅——我感到很幸运——那天晚上我计划去那吃晚饭。

分析:as引导的是让步状语从句,从句用了倒装结构,表语前置;when引导的是时间状语从句;在时间状语从句中包含了由where引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词restaurant。

50、(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解C篇)The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.译文:巴黎的蓬皮社中心正在展出200多幅油画、雕塑和素描等作品,以此表达对这位艺术家及其伟大人格的尊敬和钦佩。

分析: The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration„为句子的主干,bringing together...是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰an exhibition。

51、(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解D篇)If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.译文:如果人生不是一场战争,人们也不会需要一个仅仅去说话的特殊场所了。

分析:本句If引导的条件状语从句用了虚拟语气;主句中的just to speak作定语修饰place。

52、(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读七选五)But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.译文:但如果一段关系中缺乏信任,过错之人不为错误负责,你也无法获得成功。

分析:本句中when引导的是时间状语从句;that引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词a lack of trust。此外,句中还包含一个where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词action。

53、(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解B篇)Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places —— and so more likely to eat lots of food.译文:黑暗的环境更容易鼓励过量饮食,因为人们在灯光昏暗的地方很少会难为情—— 所以更可能吃大量的食物。

分析:本句中for引导表示原因的分句,分句中less self-conscious和后面的so more likely to eat lots of food是并列表语,分句中还有一个由when引导的时间状语从句。

54、(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解C篇)The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.译文:间隔年现象起源于牛津大学和剑桥大学申请在11月份入学考试至下一学年开始前空出的那几个月时间。

分析:本句中,句子主干是The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months,left over to Oxbridge applicants是过去分词短语作后置定语,between„and„是介词短语作定语,修饰的都是the months。

55、(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读七选五)No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.译文:没人能说哪个品牌最适合你或你穿哪一双脚最舒服,因此在购买时,你不得不根据你的经验和对每一双鞋的感觉。

分析:本句是由so连接的两个并列句;which引导的是宾语从句,作say的宾语;as you shop是由as引导的时间状语从句。

56、(2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解A篇)The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.译文:这个挑战赛邀请,甚至挑战5到14岁的在校生创作艺术品或写一篇文章,来展示他们的好奇心,并告诉我们它如何激发他们去探索自我世界。

分析:that引导定语从句,在定语从句中,their curiosity和how引导的从句并列作show的宾语。

57、(2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解B篇)It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.译文:据统计,当旅鸽数量达到最多时,曾超过了30亿只,这个数量相当于美国鸟类总数的24%-40%,使旅鸽成为世界上数量最为庞大的鸟类。

分析:本句在“It be+过去分词+that从句”结构;从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句;3 billion passenger pigeons和 a number equal„是同位关系。此外,还有一个现在分词短语“making„”作结果状语。

58、(2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解C篇)This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best , the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.译文:这让我陷入无休无止的烦恼之中,因为当所有的专家们都在忙着辩论哪个选择最好时,那些想改善自己生活的人们却被所有这些矛盾的信息弄得困惑不堪。

分析:本句中because引导的是原因状语从句,从句中while引导的是时间状语从句;此外,which引导宾语从句,作about的宾语;who引导宾语从句,修饰先行词people。

59、(2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读七选五)By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.译文:不管未来如何变化,帮助他们开发经典的技能会对他们大有帮助的。

分析:that引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词skills;从句中还含有一个no matter what引导的状语从句。

60、(2014全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解A篇)He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one 译文:他向警方报了案,然后失落孤独地坐在一个陌生的城市里,想着要在一个遥远的国家把所有的材料重新整理是多么的麻烦,而同时他还要试着在一个新的国家安顿下来。

分析:句子的主干是He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in strange city在此处为形容词短语,作补语,用来补充形容主语he当时的心情。thinking of„为现在分词短语作状语,在现在分词短语中,organized为过去分词作get的宾补,from a distant country为介词短语作状语。此外,while trying to settle down in a new one为时间状语。

61、(2014全国新课标Ⅱ阅读七选五)The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.译文:当我已经饿了却没有准备好可以吃的东西的时候,我认为做饭是一种痛苦。

分析:第一个when引导定语从句,修饰先行词moment,“cooking„”为宾语从句,作think的宾语;后面的when引导的从句由and连接的两个并列句构成,作句子的表语。

62、(2013全国新课标ⅠC篇)However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.译文:但是他接下来谈论奥巴马的方式表明他对奥巴马的背景一无所知。

分析:本句中in a way为介词短语作方式状语;which引导的定语从句修饰先行词way;he had no idea of his background at all为省略了引导词that的宾语从句,作suggested的宾语。

63、(2013全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解A篇)It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.译文:它进一步要求,当碰到与自己相反的意见时,医生不能反应过度,那样可能会让其他医生下次不敢说出自己的看法。

分析:本句中that引导宾语从句,从句中when引导的是时间状语从句,which引导的是非限制性定语从句,指代先行词overreact。

64、(2013全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解B篇)Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.译文:曾经不被怎么人们认可的“艺穗节”如今的规模已经远远超越了艺术节,在艺为期21天的活动中,每天要上演约1500场戏剧、音乐和舞蹈。

分析:本句中“once less recognized”为省略句,省略了it was;此外还含有一个with sth.on结构,on在此处意为“上演”;“it last”是定语从句,修饰先行词21days。

65、(2013全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解C篇)Given that many people's moods(情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine.译文:鉴于很多人的情绪是由巧克力的化学作用来调节的,那么有人把巧克力商店做成好像中药店一样可能只是个时间问题了。

分析:given that意为“考虑到,鉴于„„情况”,引导原因状语从句;主句中还含有一个before引导的时间状语从句。

66、(2012全国新课标阅读理解B篇)Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.译文:一旦吸引了他们的注意,它就飞过森林,并时不时地等着那好奇的动物或人跟上来,因为它要带着他们找到蜂巢。

分析:Once引导的是条件状语从句,waiting from time to time for„为现在分词短语做伴随状语;as 引导的是原因状语从句。

67、(2012全国新课标阅读理解C篇)An actor and actress stood infront of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island.译文:一名男演员和一名女演员站在场景前,好让他们看起来像是站在一个小岛的水边。分析:so that引导的是结果状语从句;as if引导的是表语从句。

68、(2011全国新课标阅读理解C篇)They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.译文:越来越多的美国人迫于生活成本的上升和经济的衰退,首次开始经营蔬菜园子,他们就在其中。

分析:句子主干是They are among the growing number of Americans。“driven by higher„”是过去分词短语作定语,修饰Americans;“who,„have taken up vegetablegardening for the first time”是定语从句,修饰Americans。

69、(2011全国新课标阅读理解D篇)When you join the them in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties.译文:当你加入我们财务管理单位的这团队,你将协助财务部各部门的工作,处理邮件和其他日常事务。

分析:when引导的是时间状语从句;“dealing with„”是现在分词短语作伴随状语。

70、(2010大纲卷Ⅱ阅读理解A篇)One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.译文:最感动我的一件事情是无论谁生病了,狗狗都在其身边陪伴着他。

分析:本句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词the thing,that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.中that引导表语从句,to 后又接一个宾语从句,表示无论是谁生病,and并列would go 和 be with。

71、(2010大纲卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇)Mr.Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe, In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China.译文:北京第一家滑雪旅游开发商经理魏先生,看到了中国旅游市场迅猛发展,很快便借鉴了欧洲滑雪的经验,最近几年滑雪旅游在中国流行起来。

分析: a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing作为Mr.Wei 的同位语,that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe引导一个定语从句修饰industry。最后部分用了offering分词做后置定语对resort的修饰。

72、(2010大纲卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇)The ski resort where Mr.Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up and as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea,many others hash in and price wars break out.译文:魏先生工作的滑雪场将近花费了4百万,并且在中国,当其他人想出了一个主意,其他人就会爆发一场声势浩大的价格战。

分析:where引导了一个小的定语从句,when引导了一个状语从句,由此构成了这个句子。

73、(2010大纲卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇)Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure(血压)and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.译文:科学无法解释宠物的力量,不过很多研究表明,有宠物的陪伴能帮助降低血压和增加心脏病发作后康复的机会,减少孤独感,并向周围传递喜悦的心情。

分析:本句是由表转折but连接的并列句。前一分句是一个简单句,but的后一分句中, 主干是many studies have shown that,that引导一个宾语从句,而这个宾语从句又是由一个较为复杂的简单句构成:动词help后面接的是四个省略to的并列宾语lower„and raise„,reduce„and spread„。

第三篇:考研英语阅读真题经典必备长难句(二)

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考研英语阅读真题经典必备长难句

(二)阅读命题常针对长难句。所以很有必要熟悉长难句的种类以及它们各自的重点。今天先介绍长难句的把握方法,再给出一些典型的句子,建议熟读甚至背诵,以做到考试时碰到类似句子就能抓住重点。

一、长难句一般应对策略

1.从句又多又长:一个主句带多个从句,从句中又含有从句

应对方法:先抓主干,找出复杂句中最核心的主谓宾,再层层展开

2.句子中带有长长的插入成分:用插入语来交代某句话是谁说的或者是说话人的身份,或解释、说明前面的内容

应对方法:理解句子主干时,先不理会插入语,等把主句的意思看完整,然后再看插入成分

3.分词短语、独立主格结构的干扰

应对方法:主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构,尤其是独立的谓语部分。一个看似句子的结构,如果没有独立的谓语部分,它就不是句子,而是分词短语、独立主格结构等,可以先跳过不看

4.三种情况的混合

应对方法:从前向后,抓住独立的谓语部分,从而区分出主句和分词状语,再根据主句与从句之间的连接词,区分出主句和从句,层层扩展理解,插入语在哪个层次,就放在哪个层次理解

二、特殊句型

对于特殊句型,如虚拟语气,可以将其理解成一种反事实假设,也就是作者的观点和态度与之相反。对于分隔结构而言,其主干一般在破折号、逗号和定语从句之外,阅读时可以先跳过修饰成分。对于关联结构,要学会寻找第二部分,因为第二部分有时是句子的重点。如在not„but„之中,重点在but„之后。

三、具体句子

7、分隔结构

With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.[参考译文]

然而就未来主义诗歌而言,情况就很难说了,因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么——即使承认其理论基础是正确的——也很难将其归为文学。

[结构分析]

本句的主干是the case is rather difficult, for...it can hardly be classed as Literature,前面的however表示本句与前一句形成对比,句首的介词结构With regard to Futurist poetry作状语,其中with regard to的意思是“关于„”;for...it can hardly be classed as Literature是一个并列分句,表示原因,主干是it can hardly be classed as Literature;for后面的从句whatever Futurist poetry may be表示让步,作状语;破凯程考研,考研机构,10年高质量辅导,值得信赖!以学员的前途为已任,为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作,为学员服务,为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班,中国最强的考研辅导机构,http://www.xiexiebang.com

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折号之间的部分even admitting that...也是让步状语,其中that引导一个宾语从句that the theory...may be right,而从句的主语theory后又带有定语从句on which it is based。

8、关联结构

A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.[参考译文]

1996年进行的一项新闻调查表明,反科学的标签还被贴在其他许多团体身上——从主张消灭最后剩下的各种天花病毒的机构,到主张减少基础研究经费的共和党人。

[结构分析]

本句的主干是A survey...reveals that...,主语是survey,谓语是reveals,后面的that引导一个宾语从句,其主干是:the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well,后面的部分是from和to连接的两个名词:from authorities...to Republicans...,说明other

groups的内容,而两个名词后面各自带一个定语从句,都由who引导。

The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.[参考译文]

读者对新闻媒体令人惊讶的不信任并非源于报道失实或报道技能较差,而是源于记者和读者之间世界观的日常冲突。

[结构分析]

本句的主干是distrust...isn’t rooted in...but in...(不信任的根源不是„而是„),其中be rooted in...的意思是“根源在于„”。注意:这是一种特殊句式,重点在but之后的部分。

9、难词与词组

Mr.McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.[参考译文]

麦克沃特先生的学术专长是语言史和语言变化。举例来说,他认为“whom”一词的逐渐消失是很自然的,象古英语中词格结尾的消失一样不令人惋惜。

[结构分析]

本句是一个并列句,包含两个以and连接的分句,其中第二个分句比较复杂:宾语是the gradual disappearance of“whom”, for example,接着是to be natural and no more regrettable,这一部分作上述宾语的补足语,最后是比较结构no more...than...(象„一样不„)。

10、指代

“The term ‘antiscience’ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard

University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science, “They have in

common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard 凯程考研,考研机构,10年高质量辅导,值得信赖!以学员的前途为已任,为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作,为学员服务,为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班,中国最强的考研辅导机构,http://www.xiexiebang.com

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themselves as more

enlightened.”

[参考译文]

哈佛大学哲学教授杰拉尔德?霍尔顿在他1993年出版的《科学和反科学》一书中指出:“‘反科学’一词把太多很不相同的内容混为一谈——而这些内容只有一点是共同的,那就

是它们往往惹恼或者威胁到那些自以为比别人知识更多的人。”

[结构分析]

本句是一个直接引语,说话人是Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton,动词note

在此处的意思是“指出”。直接引语的第一部分是个简单句,其中lump together的字面意思是“把„混为一谈,把„归并到一起”。直接引语的第二部分比较复杂,主干是They have in common only one thing„,that they tend to annoy or threaten those„是同位语从句,说明先行词one thing的具体内容,其中those带有一个修饰它的定语从句who regard themselves as more enlightened。这一部分的难点之一是代词的指代问题:第一个they指代直接引语第一部分的too many, quite different things,因为they一般指代复数名词;第二个they也是一样;themselves就近指代前面的those,指人。要判断指代关系,可以根据“单复数”和“就近原则”等标准进行,然后将确定的指代对象代入,看是否通顺和合乎逻辑。

综上就是小编给大家提供的高分技巧,技巧就是牢固的知识点和强悍的答题思路,预祝所有考生2016考研有个好成绩。凯程教育:

凯程考研成立于2005年,国内首家全日制集训机构考研,一直从事高端全日制辅导,由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成,为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。凯程考研的宗旨:让学习成为一种习惯;

凯程考研的价值观口号:凯旋归来,前程万里; 信念:让每个学员都有好最好的归宿;

使命:完善全新的教育模式,做中国最专业的考研辅导机构; 激情:永不言弃,乐观向上;

敬业:以专业的态度做非凡的事业;

服务:以学员的前途为已任,为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作,为学员服务,为学员引路。

如何选择考研辅导班:

在考研准备的过程中,会遇到不少困难,尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说,通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足,可以大大提高复习效率,节省复习时间,大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班,或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。

师资力量:师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素,考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价,询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力,因为任何一门课程,都不是由

一、两个教师包到底的,是一批教师配合凯程考研,考研机构,10年高质量辅导,值得信赖!以学员的前途为已任,为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作,为学员服务,为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班,中国最强的考研辅导机构,http://www.xiexiebang.com

考研就找凯程考研,学生满意,家长放心,社会认可!的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集,李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课,对知识点把握和命题方向,欠缺火候。

对该专业有辅导历史:必须对该专业深刻理解,才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中,从来见过如此辉煌的成绩:凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元,考取五道口15人,清华经管金融硕士10人,人大金融硕士15个,中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人,北师大教育学7人,会计硕士保录班考取30人,翻译硕士接近20人,中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程,法学方面,凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元,更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜,成功学员经验谈视频特别多,都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩,凯程集训营班主任邢老师说,凯程如此优异的成绩,是与我们凯程严格的管理,全方位的辅导是分不开的,很多学生本科都不是名校,某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校,还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的,大多数是跨专业考研,他们的难度大,竞争激烈,没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习,是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

建校历史:机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素,历史越久,积累的人脉资源更多。例如,凯程教育已经成立10年(2005年),一直以来专注于考研,成功率一直遥遥领先,同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。

有没有实体学校校区:有些机构比较小,就是一个在写字楼里上课,自习,这种环境是不太好的,一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境,大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区,有吃住学一体化教学环境,独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全,这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外,最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。

凯程考研,考研机构,10年高质量辅导,值得信赖!以学员的前途为已任,为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作,为学员服务,为学员引路。

第四篇:英语四级真题阅读长难句分析

英语四级培训:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1820/ 英语四级一对一咨询qq:1613508081

1.At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.(2003.阅读.12.Text 1)

【译文】在某种程度上,尽管研究者们仍在努力研究意图发现维他命所起效果的真相,但是维他命对人体可能有的益处物超所值这种说法是有道理的。

【析句】复合句。主句it makes sense to say, 后面是省略了that的宾语从句the potential benefit outweighs the cost.主句前,while引导让步状语从句,figuring out后where the truth lies作宾语从句。

2.It’s been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos, and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B 12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair.(2003.阅读.12.Text 1)

【译文】维他命已被证明能够减少胚胎的缺陷,并且最新试验证明叶酸和维生素B12以及B16的一种一起服用也能降低手术修复后动脉血管堵塞的可能性。

【析句】主句由and连接两个并列句,首先是It's been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos, it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式结构,然后是a recent trial found+宾语从句that folate in combination with...decreases the re-blockage of..., 注意in combination with用在句子中,谓语动词的单复数看前面的名词。

3.There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man.(2003.阅读.12.Text 3)

【译文】关于人性是由什么组成的,人们众说纷纭,但是人们一致同意,人性中存在着某种本质,正是这种本质特性是人之所以为人的原因。

【析句】主句由but连接的两个成转折关系的并列句构成。前句是There were various views about+宾语从句,简单句。后句主句there was agreement, that such an essence exists,that there is something同作agreement的同位语从句,两个并列的同位语从句间,that is to say作插入语。by virtue of which man is man在后一同位语从句中作定语从句修饰something.英语四级培训:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1820/ 英语四级一对一咨询qq:1613508081

第五篇:司法考试 要看三大本 要会做真题

司法考试 要看三大本 要会做真题

导语:努力一载,奋战两天,等待俩月,终于换得2010年司考的通过。虽然,多少难免有点幸运的味道,但是终归是付出的努力大于幸运。闲暇时总结下自己复习的一些经验,因为本人本科学的专业是法学,所以我的复习经验可能更适用于法学专业的战友。下面给大家讲述我的司考故事。

司考成绩:一卷105;二卷102;三卷105;四卷107;总分419。复习形式:自学(从未报班学习)。

复习心态:必过的信心,吃苦的决心,坚持的恒心,复习的细心。还要耐得住寂寞,一定要把心态放平,不要让自己感觉到很大的压力,吃好,睡好。复习开始时间:2010年3月5号(有效复习时间5月—9月脱产复习)。复习资料:

1、司考教材(俗称3大本)法律出版社版;

2、国家司法考试历年真题详解,(2010年的应该是从2004—2009年六年司法考试真题)

3、网上下载的一些前辈整理好的复习材料(行政法重点归纳,刑法及刑事诉讼法重点归纳,民法及民事诉讼法重点归纳)这部分材料是学习上述1—4累的时候看的。

司考复习过程详述:

一、“三大本”篇。

时间:3月—5月 共两个多月的时间。

复习司考的战友都很清楚三大本的重要性,无论是法学科班出身还是半路转行者,可以说司考的所有内容三大本都有,因为这是司考既定的教材。我开始复习的时候就是学习三大本。第一遍要仔仔细细一个字不漏的复习,看的过程中注意加深理解,不懂的地方一定要想法设法的请教老师或者同学直至理解(如果是用心复习,你一定会发现有很多不懂的知识即使你是法学科班出身)。

当然,把三大本仔细复习一遍不仅耗时长远而且还非常辛苦,甚至会复习到呕吐的地步,但是一定要坚持,因为你心里非常明白:学好三大本后边一些列的复习才能够顺利进行,你的目标才能够实现。我的计划是固定每天看一定的页数,一个星期要学到哪一章或者到哪一页,以一个星期为周期,在这个周期内一定要把某一天因事耽搁的任务完成。这样你才可以每天都在学习每天都在蚕食三大本,不然的话,眼瞅着厚厚的三本书,心里一定会发憷,一定会想这么厚什么时间才能看完啊!所以,制定计划强制自己每天学习一定的任务很有必要。当你仔仔细细的耗时两个多月把三大本复习完的时候,你会充满自豪感,你会发现你的自信心已经膨胀到了极点,这样第一遍复习三大本虽然过程是痛苦的但是结果是非常理想的。

接下来就是第二遍了,第二遍只需要半个月(如果你第一遍复习的很仔细)。因为第二遍是重点复习,复习完第一遍之后你会发现有些部分是自己的薄弱环节,所以在刚刚结束第一遍的时候要把自己薄弱的章节用笔记下来,然后按照顺序重点复习自己薄弱的部分就可以了。我第二遍重点复习的是刑事诉讼法、民法及民事诉讼法、行政法及行政诉讼法、三国法。

PS:

1、法制史部分一定照书背会,三国法看似难其实考题都是书上知识点,所以也要重点对待,重点部分背会。

2、我的方法是白天看完书晚上躺床上的时候用半个小时回忆白天看过的内容,记忆不牢固或者不明白的地方记下来,明天再看一遍。

二、历年真题篇

时间:1个半月—2个月;要求:最少5遍。

复习完三大本奠定了基础,膨胀了自信心,接来下就是打击自信心的时候了。为什么这么说呢?因为即使你三大本复习的再好,等你做完一遍真题的时候你会发现自己依然有很多很多题目不会做,这个时候就要放平心态自己调整自己了,当然也要庆幸这不是真正的考试,所以这个时候你错的越多对你真正司考的时候就更有利,我想这一点大家应该都明白。复习历年真题的重要性,我不知道用什么语言来形容,因为我认为真题复习好了基本上就能通过司法考试,所以复习真题对我来讲非常非常之重要。因为这是我司考复习经验之中的关键所在,所以我会很絮叨的说这件事的。接来下,我就详细介绍下我是怎么复习历年真题的。第一遍:抽出固定的时间,按照司法考试的时间把10年到05年的真题仔细做一遍。我的做法是一年一年的做,每做完一套真题之后对照答案,之后做两件事:

1、把所有的错题做个标记(为以后准备);

2、对照答案的详解把每一个题背后的知识点掌握住。

第二遍:6年真题的四卷分开做,先把所有的第一卷依次做一遍,接着以此类推复习二三四卷。做到三件事:

1、错题标记(第一遍错了第二遍又错的标记两次);

2、比照答案详解学习知识点;

3、思考并比较6套真题一卷考题的相似点,归纳常考重点和难点。

第三遍:按照第一遍的要求重新做一遍真题。做完之后,标记错题。第四遍:只做有错题标记的题目。错题继续标记。这次不仅要比照答案详解还要对照教材把这一部分理解掌握。

第五遍:把有2次错题标记的题目再做一遍。

经过反复的做真题,五遍之后应该能达到再做真题时对历年真题知其然也要知其所以然,对于反复做反复错的实在不会就先放弃(等以后再慢慢研究这样的题对大局产生不了影响)。

反复做真题的目的:

1、掌握每年常考知识点;

2、总结司考出题规律和题型设计;

3、熟练考题,练习答题速度。

等你随便挑出一个真题中的题目就知其然也知其所以然的时候,这个时候真题的复习已经完全到位。

三、2010司法考试记忆通篇

这本复习材料个人认为总结的不错,而且易于携带方便随时翻阅,我是把它贯穿在复习的过程中,从复习三大本开始就每天背一个小时的记忆通。总之,这个是辅助性的材料。

四、法律法规汇编篇

时间:一个月左右

对于法律法规的复习。我也很迷茫,不知道怎么复习,也没什么合适的方法,只能从头到尾的看一遍,对于刑法、刑诉、民法、民诉、宪法、物权法等重要的法律法规重点复习。

五、主观题复习篇

时间:一个月左右

对于主观题,我觉得学会答题技巧和提高答题速度很关键。因为,经过之前的一系列的复习对于大部分的知识应该掌握的差不多了,而纵观历年的主观题部分除了论述题每年变化外,案例分析题基本固定在重点科目和章节上。所以,我的方法就是抄写历年真题的案例分析答案和论述,当然这个抄写不是简单的抄,而是在抄的过程中领悟案例分析的答题规律。我总结的是:案例分析的答案基本上一句话两句话就可以答的很圆满,没有必要长篇大论的写,如果每个题都长篇大论的话其结果肯定是时间不够用,从真题答案可以看出来案例分析的答案只要按照问题写明重点就可以。这个我相信等你仔仔细细的把历年真题的案例分析复习完之后就会发现其中规律。

另外真题中的案例都是那些出题专家经过反复删选才作为考试题的,所以这些案例对于司考来说应该是最经典不过的,只要把历年真题的案例掌握,那么无论考题怎么变只要考这部分知识你就可以很轻松的找出关键点。

对于基础不太好的可以多看一遍三大本,复习的过程确实辛苦但是谁让咱立志定要通过司法考试呢,所以既然选择了就要坚持到底,“坚持到底,永不放弃”真的是至理名言特别对于司考而言。

有一点一定要说明:本人未做模拟题,这是一大遗憾,因为最后时间紧张所以就放弃了做模拟题。但是考前的模拟题非常有必要,所以建议朋友们考前找几套不错的模拟题做做。

不觉间罗嗦了这么多,希望我写的这些东西能够对正在准备司考的朋友有点点帮助,当然,复习经验因人而异,取其精华去其槽粕,当学“拿来主义”。我的朋友们一定要坚持下去,胜利一定属于你。

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