第一篇：论简爱的爱情观
论简爱的爱情观
摘要：《简爱》是英国文学史上一步惊世之作，自1847年发表以来一直保持着经久不衰的魅力，深受各国读者的喜爱。其中主人公简爱自由平等的爱情观，成为了当时女性的先导，影响了许许多多的女性追求独立自主的人格和自身价值，受到世人的歌颂。她的爱情观从她与罗切斯特和圣•约翰的交往过程中得到体现。从这个追求自由平等爱情的过程中，我们也不应该忽视简爱的自私和固执。关键词： 独立平等 叛逆
《简爱》是英国著名的女作家夏洛蒂•勃朗特的代表作。她通过简爱的视觉，以自述的方式讲述了一个受尽欺凌，坚贞不屈的孤女经过重重波折成长为独立自主的女性，并大胆追求属于自己的爱情，突破了阶层和社会地位的局限，不做男权的附庸，坚持自己的独立自主，树立了一个独立自主，勇于抗争的新女性形象。她坚贞不屈的性格，造就了她追求灵魂的交融碰撞和平等独立的爱情观。这从她与罗切斯特和圣•约翰的交往过程中得到了体现。但我们也能看到她沉溺于形式上的独立，却自私而固执的伤害了深爱的恋人。
一 简爱与罗切斯特
简爱是孤女，出身低微，身材矮小，其貌不扬；罗切斯特出身名门，家财万贯，受人仰慕。尽管地位悬殊，但在粗暴专横的罗切斯特面前，简爱表现得不卑不亢，落落大方，充分表现了她追求平等的反抗性格，而正是这一不寻常的性格深深地吸引了罗切斯特，对罗切斯特来说，可谓是前所未见的。
“要是这个陌生人哪怕只是对我的问话报以微笑并且态度和气，要是他对我提出的帮助乐哈哈地加以谢绝，我也准会继续走我的路，不再觉得自己有什么义务要进一步询问下去了。可是这位过路人那种厌烦和无礼的态度，却反而使我感到无拘无束。我不顾他挥手叫我走开，仍站着不动，并且断然说道：‘在看到你确实能够骑马以前，先生，我是决不会让你这么晚独自留在这条荒凉的小路上的。’简爱与罗切斯特偶遇时,罗切斯特的那种厌烦无礼的态度越激起了她的反抗性格。“但它毕竟是个主动的行为,而我对于完全被动的生活已经感到乏味了”。简爱不想被动接受,她有自已的思想,她要坚持自已的原则,她坚持在没看到罗切斯特确实能骑马前不会走开。“我说这话的时候，他看了看我，在这以前他的眼睛几乎从来没有朝我看过。”。其貌不扬的简爱的古怪的不屈不挠的劲头、不容违抗的神气引起了罗切斯特的注意。
到了桑府，在罗切斯特与简爱的第二次交谈中，有这样一句话：“要是他指望我只是为说话而说话，或者只是为了炫耀而说话，那他就会发现他是找错了人啦”。罗切斯特认为自已有权摆点主人的架子，要简爱和她多说话以使自已高兴，但简爱断然拒绝了。她没有察言观色迎合主人的意图，她更没有因为自已地位低下而攀龙附凤，甚至没有因为自已未见过世面而在粗暴高傲的主人面前张惶失措、俯首贴耳。在后来的交往中，简爱沉着应对，继续显示出谨慎、自尊、真实、本分、善良、聪慧的独特个性。罗切斯特在简爱的身上看到了他梦寐以求的理想。简爱像一颗火星一样，把他熄灭了的希望之灯重新点燃。
罗切斯特为了考验简爱对他的爱情，引来了英格拉姆小姐。罗切斯特对英格拉姆的假装亲密、甚至是即将结婚的假消息对初涉爱河，也是深涉爱河的简爱来说，是一个多么沉重的打击。但她仍极力地保持自已的自尊。她把爱深深地埋藏在心底。在喝茶吃午餐和傍晚的散步，她尽可能地若无其事、平静处之，尽管她内心正处妒忌与绝望的煎熬之中。当罗切斯特要求她留下来时，就有了下面一段经典的对白：“你以为我会留下来，做一个对你来说无足轻重的人吗？你以为我是个机器人？━━━是一架没有感情的机器？能受得了别人把我仅有的一小口面包从我嘴里抢走，把仅有的一滴活命水从我的杯子里泼掉吗？你以为，就因为我贫穷、低微、不美、矮小，我就既没有灵魂，也没有心吗？你想错了！我跟你一样有灵魂，——也完全一样有一颗心！要是上帝曾赋予我一点美貌，大量财富的话，我也会让你难以离开我，就像现在我难以离开你一样。我现在不是凭习俗、常规，甚至也不是凭着血肉之躯跟你讲话，这是我的心灵在跟你的心灵说话,就仿佛我们都已经离开了人世，两人一同站在上帝的跟前，彼此平等，——就像我们本来就是的那样”。简爱贫穷、低微、不美、矮小，但在爱情面前，她表现出了超凡的勇气，惊人的大胆——她勇敢地向爱人表达爱意，但并不卑躬乞怜、阿谀献媚。相反的，她义正辞严地表达了主张婚姻独立自主以及男女平等的想法。正像罗切斯特所说的：“可是对于清澈的目光，流利的口齿，对于那种热情如火的心灵，既多情又稳重，既温顺又坚定的宁折不弯的性格，——我却永远温柔而忠实的。”多么精妙的概括。罗切斯特正是深爱着简爱那善良聪慧自尊坚定的性格。简爱与罗切斯特要结婚了。罗切斯特带着简爱逛绸缎店、首饰铺。“他给我买得越多，一种烦恼和屈辱的感觉就越使我脸上发热。” “我不愿做你的赛莉纳•瓦伦。我要继续作为阿黛尔的家庭教师，我要凭这个来挣我的食宿，外加一年三十磅薪水。我要从这笔钱里开支我的衣着，你什么也不用给我，除了„„” “你的敬重，而且反过来我也用我的敬重来回报你，要能这样，这笔债就算两抵了。”热恋中的简爱并没有被爱情冲昏了头脑，她时刻保持着清醒的头脑，矜持的自尊，罗切斯特那“土耳其皇帝的全部后宫嫔妃”的比喻刺痛着她，她是有自尊有智慧而且有自知之明的简爱，不是男人的玩物。在嫁给罗切斯特之前，甚至是结婚后，她始终是自尊独立的简爱，她不要那些一向用来讨好女人的珠宝绸缎，她不是玩偶，所以那些东西给了她烦恼屈辱的感觉。她坚持不做赛莉纳•瓦伦那一类的轻浮拜金的女人。在嫁给罗切斯特之前，她还要做自食其力的家庭教师。她是多么地希望获得平等、获得尊重，她也一定要罗切斯特对她尊重，这比什么珠宝都重要。
在教堂上，理查•梅森的出现使得婚礼被迫中止，一切真相大白之后，简爱选择了出走。虽然我不尽赞同简爱出走的举动，但不可否认的是这出走的举动的确突显了简爱的反抗性格及其对平等自由的爱情的执着追求。
在离开很久之后，简爱知道罗切斯特先生深陷困境，双目失明，几乎残废。在所有人离他而去，漠视他，抛弃他的时候，她却主动回到他的身边，担负起照料他的重则，并义无反顾的嫁给他。这时的简爱认为他们是平等的，没有财富和地位的差距，她不会成为他的附庸，所以她坚定地站在他的身边。这种不离不弃的爱情值得我们感动，这样纯洁而真挚的爱情更是很多人无法企及的高度。这更是表达了她对于独立平等爱情的追求。与金钱财富地位无关，只是心灵与心灵的碰撞和交流。二 简爱与圣•约翰
简爱离开了罗切斯特,她身无分文地飘到了荒原庄。在她几乎被冻死饿死的时候，她被表兄圣•约翰救活了。圣•约翰把她当亲妹子看待，并为她找了一份乡村教师的工作。论人品，圣•约翰比罗切斯特漂亮，他身材修长、相貌堂堂，象尊大理石雕像。虽然简爱对圣•约翰献身宗教的精神表示敬佩，并对他的关怀与照顾时时怀着浓厚的情谊，但她并不爱圣•约翰，圣•约翰也不爱她。但圣•约翰却向简爱求婚，他说“上帝和大自然是打算让你做传教士的妻子的。他们给予你的不是外貌是而精神上的禀赋，你生来就是为了工作，而不是为了爱情的。你必须——你一定要成为我的，我要你，——并不是为了使我自已愉快，而是为了我主的事业。”。圣•约翰，一个英国殖民主义的忠实奴仆，他完全可以把自已的爱情欢乐献给上帝，但简爱怎么肯当一个“生来就是只为了工作”的传教士的妻子呢？是的，她不美、矮小、低微，但这并不能泯灭她对平等自由美好的爱情的向往和追求。她有她的原则，她有她的尊严，她怎么能苟同圣•约翰“你生来就是为了工作，而不是为了爱情”的断言呢？她是决不肯当圣•约翰完成他到印度传教使命的工具的。“被一辈子和一个男人拴在一起，而他只是把你当作一件有用的工具，这不奇怪吗？黛？” “明明知道他给予的每一个亲热表示都只是为了原则而作的一种牺牲，这我容忍得了吗？不，这样的殉道实在太可怕，我决不愿忍受。”简爱清楚地知道圣•约翰不爱她，她如果以殉道的精神一辈子守在他的身边，是永远得不到自由平等的，这是她最不可忍受的。当圣•约翰步步逼她就范的时候，愤怒屈辱的她终于爆发了：“我瞧不起你对爱情的看法„„我瞧不起你奉献的这种虚假感情，是的，你奉献它的时候我也瞧不起你。”。
简爱和圣•约翰的爱情观截然不同。圣•约翰可以把爱情献给上帝，但简爱则认为夫妇的结合应以爱情为基础，感情必须真实，否则不应结合。而且婚姻必须是平等的，任何一方不能以另一方为工具去达到某种目的。因此，也是为了维护自己的人格尊严，追求爱情的平等，她断然拒绝了那没有爱情的结合，拒绝了圣•约翰的苦苦追求。
三 简爱在追求自由平等爱情同时的自私和固执
虽然简爱追求自由平等的爱情的勇气得到了大家的颂扬，但却忽略了她在这个过程中过分追求形式上的平等，过分的自尊使得她自私而固执的伤害了深爱她的恋人。集中体现在她知道罗切斯特先生还有一位疯掉的妻子时不顾一切的离家出走。
（一）简爱不该出走
教堂里，简爱和罗切斯特的婚礼正在进行，理查•梅森突然出现，宣布了罗切斯特和简爱的婚姻无效，因为罗切斯特的发妻还活着，婚礼被迫中止。事后，罗切斯特把自己的满腔苦水一下子倒了出来，把事情原原本本地告诉了简爱，并虔诚地向她表示忏悔。但简爱经过一番痛苦的挣扎后，还是毅然地出走了。“我自己在乎我自己，越孤单，越无亲无友，越无人依靠，我越是要尊重自己。我要遵从上帝颁发，世人认可的法律。我要坚守我在清醒时，而不是像现在这样疯狂时所接受的原则„„原定的想法，已下的快心，是我眼前唯一必须坚持的东西，我要牢牢守住这个立场”。简爱的这段内心独白历来被认为是简爱维护自己人格尊严，追求自由平等的爱情及其反抗性格的最强烈的表现。的确，从某个方面讲，简爱出走这样的行为，在一个多世纪以前的英国是应大加赞赏的。
十八、十九世纪的英国，妇女受到歧视，这必然使她们丧失独立自尊的地位，使她们沦为对男人在思想经济上的依附地位。简爱的出走的确表达了一种理想，一种抗争，能给人们鼓舞和力量，这样的设计无疑是非常积极的，有意义的。但我们也不可否认隐藏在简爱那自由平等的爱情观背后的自私，冷漠和固执。在简爱得知内情后，对罗切斯特隐瞒真情不无谅解和同情，也完全理解他的难言之苦。既然寄予了谅解与同情，又有那坚不可摧的爱情信念，为什么不留下来呢？就为了爱情的自尊与平等吗？这种置爱人于绝境之中而不顾的自尊与平等，在出走的途中，简爱自己都觉得可憎。“鸟儿们都忠实于它们的伴侣，鸟儿是爱的象征，可我呢？在我饱受内心痛苦和疯狂地坚持原则之中，我隐隐地对自己感到厌恶。我从自命正确，甚至从自尊自重中，丝毫得不到什么安慰。我损害了——伤害了——离弃了我的主人。我在我自己的眼里看来都觉得可恨”。为了坚决不处于罗切斯特的情妇的地位，为了维护自己人格的尊严，为了所谓的爱的平等，简爱坚决地选择了“损害”“离弃”。虽然她也十分清楚自己在罗切斯特心中的地位。“我可以回去，成为他的安慰者，——他的骄傲，把他从苦难中，甚至说不定是从毁灭中拯救出来。唉，担心他会自暴自弃，还远比担心我自己更厉害得多，这种心情正在竭力驱使我这样做！”在罗切斯特心中，简爱是一位天使，是一位能引领她早走出地狱的天使，可这位天使最终还是为了维护自已的自尊，置他于“炼狱”“毁灭”“自暴自弃”之中而不顾。“这么说，你并不爱我？你看重的只不过是我的地位和作为我妻子的身分么？”看来，罗切斯特深爱的简爱的确奉作为他妻子的身分为首要，甚至不惜可能毁灭爱人，把爱人逼上绝境。简爱出走时，她应该有想到十五年前，曾被自已发疯的妻子折磨得要开枪自杀的罗切斯特也有可能因为失去至爱的人而让冷冰冰的枪口再次对准自已的脑门吧。“他会痛苦，说不定会变得绝望。我也想到了这个”。为了所谓的自尊甚至不惜毁灭作贱爱人，这还不够冷酷、自私吗？
简•爱应该留下来，在当时那样的情境中，她应该留下来。她能谅解和同情罗切斯特是对的。我们的男主人公是多么的不幸、无辜。想当年刚走出大学的他，满怀着对美好爱情的憧憬，但却落入了父兄的圈套，受到了父兄和梅森一家的蒙骗，成就了一桩肮脏的婚姻，成为了家族利益的牺牲品。他也因此绝望了。他真真正正是一个无辜的受害者。爱要以自尊平等为基础，但爱更需一种奉献精神。奉献能使美好爱情愈显圣洁。罗切斯特因父兄的坑害而背负沉重的枷锁，简爱声称自已深爱着罗切斯特，也能理解他的苦难，但为什么不能退一步，牺牲一点自已所谓的自尊，去为爱人分担一点苦难，去解救爱人于水深火热，而是为了自已所谓的自尊，不顾罗切斯特的一再哀求，顽固地、狠心地把爱人逼上绝境呢？聪明的简爱，你跟一个疯女人在争什么呢？自尊？为了自已所谓的自尊，你竟置爱人于绝境？你明明知道爱人才是真正的受害者呀！再来看看我们的男主人公是一个多么有情有义之人啊！真相大白后，在谈到如何处置疯女人时，罗切斯特讲到“而我又不可能计划把疯子移到别的什么地方去，——尽管我有一所老屋子，芬丁庄园，甚至比这儿还要偏僻隐蔽，我满可以十分安全地让她住在那儿，可是顾虑到它地处森林中心，不利健康，良心上不忍作这样的安排。那些潮湿的墙壁说不定就会让我摆脱她这个负担。不过同是坏蛋，坏处也各有不同，我的坏处并不在容易间接去谋杀别人，哪怕是我最恨的人。”。罗切斯特很有良心,尽管是对自已最恨的人.他说他不会去间接谋杀别人,而我们那可敬的追求自尊的可人儿呢?她的离去却把自已的爱人逼到了爱人讲良心,不想间接杀人的芬丁庄园。想想我们的男主人公是多么绝望，以至于打发走了尊敬的女管家，只留下两个佣人，自我放逐到偏僻的庄园，过着惨淡的生活。当桑府着火后，我们的男主人公冒着生命危险去救在顶楼的疯女人——法律上的妻子，他最恨的人，他的美好的爱情的障碍。正因为这个人，他失去了明亮的眼睛，强壮的手臂。多么善良的、有情有义的人啊！对他最恨的人尚且如此，何况是对他挚爱的天使呢？可这样的不幸的好人却最终不能让挚爱他的天使为爱牺牲，为爱停留。聪明的简•爱，善良的、真诚地爱着你的罗切斯特真的值得你停留啊！
简•爱不该出走。她留下来，两人都会过得幸福。谁也不敢过多地去指责他们。真相大白后，梅森毕竟心虚，料想几个月前他亲姐姐的“一刀一抓”一定让他记忆犹新。要不是还受到简爱的叔叔的嘱托说不定他不敢来。罗切斯特再婚他又敢怎么样，以致于律师问他还有没有别的事的时候，他迫不及待地催促着律师快走。“牧师留下来跟他那位傲慢的教区居民谈了几句，不知是告诫呢还是责备。尽到了这个责任之后，他也走了”。从整本书中，笔者想找出几句指责他们再婚的话却始终找不到。人们不敢过多地指责他们再婚。但丁说过：“走自已的路，让别人说去吧。”如果我们的简爱有足够的勇气，肯为爱作一些牺牲，留下来救赎爱人，那只会让罗切斯特更爱她，更珍惜她，更感激她。如果他们按罗切斯特的计划，第二天就离开桑府，罗切斯特就不用留下来，疯狂地绝望地去寻找着简，最终造成又瞎又残的悲剧。为了赢得爱情的自尊，竟不惜以爱人的伤残甚至牺牲为代价，简•爱够狠心够自私的。简•爱归来之前并不知道疯女人已死。与其这样不顾一切地再回到罗切斯特的身边，不如根本就不用出走，也不致以让爱人落得个又瞎又残、吃尽苦头的下场。“你的想法是多么是非颠倒！把一个同类逼到绝境，难道比违犯仅仅是人为的法律还好一些么？——这种违犯并不会损害到任何人，因为你既无亲又无友，用不着担心因为跟我一起生活而得罪了他们”。屈尊作为情妇，简•爱起码不用受亲人的责难，难而她却不愿退一步，宁愿把爱人逼上绝境。同时，凭简爱的聪明、善良、热情、智慧，她一定能赢得别人更多的尊重。当年在劳渥得学校，督学咯克尔赫斯特当众羞辱她是一个撒谎者，她伤心地甚至想死掉的。后来她不是凭着她的智慧最终洗刷了耻辱，赢得了尊重，还在这学校当了两年的教师吗？简•爱不该出走。
（二）如果疯女人没有死。
在简•爱即将答应圣的求婚的时候，冥冥之中，她受到了罗切斯特的召唤终于回到了罗切斯特的身边。那时，疯女人已死，罗切斯特成了一个又瞎又残的落魄之人。而这时的简爱则成了一个富翁，他们最终迎来了幸福的生活。这是读者也是作者希望看到的圆满结局。而问题是，如果疯女人没有被摔死呢？那么在罗切斯特与简爱之间的爱情障碍就还存在着。那被简爱看得比生命更重要的平等自尊将面临更严峻的考验。照简爱那为求自由平等的爱情可以舍去一切，甚至不惜置爱人于绝境的爱情观念，她应该会选择再次出走，至死维护自已的人格尊严、爱情的平等，不管爱人是瞎了、残了还是死了。多么冷酷自私而又顽固不化的一颗心啊！简爱要不要出走？简爱出走更体现她敢于反抗、自尊独立的女性形象，也才有后面她跟圣•约翰的故事，才能成就一本好书。但请清醒的读者不要忽略了隐藏在简爱那自尊独立的爱情观背后的那颗冷酷自私而又顽固不化的心。她极力维护的平等自由的爱情，有时是要以牺牲爱人作为代价的。
四 结合作者夏洛蒂的人生经历谈简爱的爱情观 《简•爱》1847是一部自传成分很浓的小说，虽然书中的故事是虚构的，但是女主人公以及其他许多人物的生活、环境，甚至许多生活细节，都是取自作者及其周围人的真实经验。作者夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816年生于英国北部的一个牧师家庭。母亲早逝，八岁的夏洛蒂被送进一所寄宿学校。在那里生活条件极其恶劣，她的两个姐姐因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米利回到家乡，在荒凉的约克郡山区度过了童年。15岁时她进了伍勒小姐办的学校读书，几年后又在这个学校当教师。后来她曾作家庭教师，但因不能忍受贵妇人、阔小姐对家庭教师的歧视和刻薄，放弃了家庭教师的谋生之路。她曾打算自办学校，为此她在姨母的资助下与艾米利一起去意大利进修法语和德语。然而由于没有人来就读，学校没能办成。但是她在意大利学习的经历激发了她表现自我的强烈愿望，促使她投身于文学创作的道路。由此可以看出，作者的经历与简爱的经历是多么相似，甚至连她们的外貌也相差无几。作者是把自己的爱情理想投入在她所塑造的人物形象中去。简爱的历经坎坷，平凡，坚强，都是作者自己的真实写照。因此，这篇小说实际上是作者半真实半虚构的爱情故事。也是她在现实生活中无法达成的愿望，到小说中来了却吧！那么，简爱的爱情观，实际上也就是作者夏洛蒂的爱情观。
五 分析《简爱》对女性爱情观的反映和影响，以及其反叛意识在当时社会的先进性。
简•爱作为爱情小说的女主人公是以前所未有的女性形象出现在这部十九世纪的文学作品中的。以往爱情故事的女主人公都是些美丽温柔、高贵贤淑的女子形象。而简•爱，她“贫穷，低微，不美，矮小”，但她拥有的一颗智慧、坚强、勇敢的心灵，使那些外在的美在这内在美面前黯然失色。更为可贵的是简•爱并不因为自己的贫穷和外貌而自卑，相反，她勇敢坚定：“我和你的灵魂是平等的。”“我跟你一样有灵魂，——也完全一样有一颗心！”“我现在不是凭习俗、常规，甚至也不是凭着血肉之躯跟你讲话——这是我的心灵在跟你的心灵说话，就仿佛我们都已离开了人世，两人一同站立在上帝的跟前，彼此平等——就像我们本来就是的那样！”
也正因为此，简•爱敢于去爱一个社会阶层远远高于自己的男人，更敢于主动向对方表白自己的爱情——这在当时的社会是极其大胆的。幸福不再是某个人、某个阶层的专利，她属于芸芸众生的每一个人。只有两个相互对等的灵魂才能组成一份完整的爱情，所以简•爱坚持，自身的独立与追求爱情的完整是不能分离的。后来，简•爱含着悲痛离开了罗切斯特，也是基于同样的理由，她决不能允许自己和一个有妇之夫结合在一起。那会是一份不完整的爱。如果她继续留在罗切斯特的身边，那她也就不会还是原来那个独立、平等的简•爱了。如果说简•爱的这次离去是由于无法改变的现实而不得不做出的一次理性选择的话，那么她最后的归来则是她出于坚持感情的追求的又一次理性选择。
在这里，我们看到的不仅仅是一个如何赢得了男贵族爱情的平民女子的苍白的灰姑娘的故事。而是简•爱勇敢果决的走出了灰姑娘的童话，迈向一个有着新女性、真女性的文学道路的起步。简•爱藐视财富、社会地位和宗教的威仪，她认为，“真正的幸福，在于美好的精神世界和高尚纯洁的心灵。”她的信念和行动展现出来的力量,，深打动了一代又一代读者的心，使生活在金钱万能的社会中的人们的灵魂得到净化。简•爱是，一个对自己的思想和人格有着理性认识的女性，一个对自己的幸福和情感有着坚定追求的女性，一个不再只是盲从于男人和世俗要求的女性，一个对自己的价值和情感做出了独立判断的女性，一个坚强独立的女性。夏洛蒂•勃朗特创造了一个前所未有的女性形象；简•爱发出了一个属于女性自己的声音——对于平等、独立、完整、自由的坚持和追求
第二篇：论简爱的爱情观2
论简爱的爱情观
十九世纪中期，英国伟大的女性存在主义先驱，著名作家夏洛蒂勃朗特创作出了她的代表作--《简爱》，当时轰动了整个文坛，直到现在它的影响还继续存在。在作品的序幕、发展、高潮和结尾中，女主人公的叛逆、自由、平等、自尊、纯洁的个性都是各个重点章节的主旨，而这些主旨则在女主人公的爱情观中被展露的淋漓尽致，它们如同乌云上方的星汉，灼灼闪耀着光芒，照亮着后来的女性者们追求爱情的道路。
读过《简·爱》，走近简·爱，用心体会，从中可以发现，我们该怎样更好地去追求和实现女性自我价值，在历史的轮回中学习那些优秀女性身上闪光的品格，将它们延续到现代社会当下的生活中来，让一代女性生存得更“美”。女性，除开男性的尊重外，我以为最为重要的是，应该走一条自重、自尊、自强、自立的路，要知道，只有女性自己才能拯救自身，除此，没有其他的路。
女性的爱犹如滔滔江水，绵延不绝。女性的身体就是这人间的缔造者，是人类真正的依靠和母亲。这个世界的一切，所有的文明，哪里没有女性的影子?从中国古代的女娲和观世音，西方古代的夏娃和玛丽亚开始，到现代的几乎所有形式的艺术作品，女性都是与人类的命运紧紧相连。在某种程度上，女性就是人类的代表，就是美的代名词，实在是人类的重中之重。因此女性应该为自己自豪，并因此而自重。如果自己轻薄自己，作贱自己，永远不会得到别人的尊重！
女性应该学会自己维护自己的尊严，自己懂得平等的意义和价值。如果有人要你当附属品，你不但不反对，反而很乐意，这样的奴颜媚骨自然使别人得寸进尺，把你视做玩偶，玩弄于鼓掌之间。但维护自身尊严的时候需实现自强，只有自己强大，才会使别人变得渺小。实现自强一是加强自身的学习，像男性一样更加广泛地认识这个世界，以免被无知所惑。要知道，我们女性也是撑起世界的半边天。女性需有独自生活的能力，且能忍受孤独和苦难，才能做到临危不乱，处乱不惊，才能完全不当附属物，争取男女之平等。学会维持生计的本领，自身有自我生活的能力，男子的轻慢和侮辱全都可以当头棒喝回去，让他好好地认识到，女性并不是靠男性才能生存，女性是勇敢而又力量的，现代女性不再是过去封建社会里的“裹脚婆，做饭女”，足不出户，不问世事，我们拥有属于自己的权力，我们同样可以强大起来，自己养活自己，并且活得精彩。
简·爱平凡的外表下面隐藏着不朽的灵魂，在这个平庸的世界上显得异常珍贵，灼然夺目。她的不屈不挠，勇于抗争的精神赫然指明了一条女性的道路，告诉天下所有的女性：“切勿在沉默中沉沦。”
简·爱是一位自重、自尊、自强、自立的女性。她身处苦海，却并没有迷失自我纯真的本性。她不漂亮，但善良、朴实、纯洁、高尚，没有丝毫的矫揉造作和伪善之辞。
简·爱在外表上是夏洛蒂·勃朗特的自画像，在精神上是夏洛蒂·勃朗特的理想。1847年，这个完整的、纯粹的女性形象一出世就征服了当时的出版商，征服了当时如日中天的作家萨克雷，也征服了世界上数不清的读者，成为人们心目当中真正具有现代意义的女性象征。
第三篇：简爱的爱情观的分析
河北师范大学
高等教育自学考试本科毕业论文
题目:简爱的爱情观的分析——解读《简爱》
专
业:英语 考生姓名: 考生所在单位: 准考证号: 导师姓名: 联系电话：
完成日期：
****年**月**日
An Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Love Value
——On Jane Eyre
BY
***
Prof.*****，tutor
Submitted to the B.A.Committee in Partial Fulfillment for the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the English Department of Hebei Teachers University
February 14, 2012
Contents 摘 要„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ III Abstract „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„IV Introduction „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 Chapter I Jane Eyre’s Love Value„„„„„„„„ 4
A.Her Rebellion and Love Value„„„„„„„„„„„„ 4 B.Her Attitude Towards Men„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 5 C.Her Female Consciousness 6
Chapter II The Formation of Jane Eyre’s Love Value „8
A.The Background of the Society„„„„„„„„„„„„8 B.The Formulation of Her Character „„„„„„„„„„9 C.The Love of Jane Eyre and Rochester „„„„„„„„„10
Chapter III The Significance of Jane Eyre’s Love Value „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 16
A.Showing Her Unique Character „„„„„„„„„„ 16 B.Awakening Her Feminist Consciousness„„„„„„„„ 17 C.The Growth of A New Woman „„„„„„„„„„„„„„19
Conclusion „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 20 Notes „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„22 Bibliography „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„23
摘 要
《简•爱》是一部自传体小说，它是英国女小说家夏洛蒂•勃朗特的第一部长篇小说。作者以第一人称的自叙手法，为我们描述了一个反抗社会压力，充满反叛和独立精神的女性形象。小说以其独特的艺术魅力，展示其充满爱、激情与理性的深刻内涵。本文分析了文本的主要艺术形象，通过一系列例证揭示了作者的意图和文本反映的主题。这种描述使文本人物形象丰满，有血有肉，同时揭示了作者隐含在文本中的反叛思想。朴实的女主人公简•爱，在传统的社会压力下，追求着自己的独立和忠实的爱情。
关键词 ：反抗，性格，爱情观，女性意识
III
Abstract
Jane Eyre is a piece of autobiographical fiction, which is British woman novelist Charlotte Bronte’s first novel published in 1849.Creating a female image who is against social pressure with rebellion and independence.The novel is filled with love, passion and reason, and maintains its unique artistic charm.This thesis analyzes some major characters in the novel and takes a lot of examples to show the author’s intention and reflect the love theme.Bringing character to life also suggests the author’s resistant spirit.The heroine of Jane Eyre, a plain and little girl, lives under traditional pressure to pursue independence and love loyalty.This thesis aims at her sense of love.Under her rebellion and self-respect, she literally has got a fiery heart for her love.Key Words: Resistance, character, love value, female consciousness
IV
Introduction This thesis discusses the love value of Jane Eyre.Jane Eyre is Charlotte’s best literary production.In writing it, the author drew a great deal from her own life-experience.The novel shows us a new woman on 19th century in England.Jane Eyre is one with a long history of literary works.It has a history of 152 years, it successfully portrays a women image who is dare to struggle, to fight for freedom and equality of status of the society.It is Charlotte Bronte’s best literary production.Bronte uses her experience as teacher and governess to address certain social ambiguities common in the 1800s.Though often better educated than their employers, governesses were socially far below them, not quite servant but definitely not equal.Morally, our heroine is several notches above the man she refers to as Master.Jane’s assertion to Rochester on more than one occasion that she is his equal is especially poignant.She declines to become his mistress, preferring to choose a path that leaves her penniless but not morally bankrupt.She declares, “The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will respect myself.”【1】
Erik Knies’ introduction of his edition is rich with insight about Bronte’s life and the creation of this classic novel.This is a great book to visit for the first time during the long cold winter, or revisit for those of us who haven’t picked it up in a decade or so.Beautiful language never goes out of style.Erik Knies said in his essay: “Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.”【2】
That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything.In the novel some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity.They attach importance to money and benefit.But in Jane’s opinion, money is not the only real object while emotions and morality are more important.She pays attention to honesty and kindness of people.And in this novel, the heroine’s adamancy, independent, rebellion fully displays her intense female consciousness.Female consciousness is woman’s self-consciousness of status in the objective world.It is a personal motive to stimulate women’s pursuit for independence, freedom, initiative, creativity.Concretely speaking, female consciousness means women wake up and fulfill her historical mission, social responsibility, personal obligation, meanwhile they know their self-feature well and take part in social activities in their own ways.This thesis aims at Jane Eyre’s sense of love.Under her rebellion 2 and self-respect, she literally has got a fiery heart for her love.3 Chapter I Jane Eyre’s Love Value
Love is the most beautiful characteristic of human beings’ life.And love cannot be measured by status, power or property.To most people, they like to seek a meaningful, romantic relationship resulting in love, commitment, companionship and happiness.For people, it is most important that a man and a woman have heart and feelings that find a perfect response, and also have mutual affinity.Jane and Rochester get true love after a lot of sufferings.After acquaintance, then attracting each other, and falling in love deeply, they meet many obstacles.A.Her Rebellion and Love Value Jane is poor, plain and diminutive, but in front of love, she displayed the unusual courage and astonishing bold.She expressed her love to her lover bravely instead of licking her shoes and currying favoring with him.On the contrary, she expressed in just and severe terms that should maintain independence and keep initiative as well as the equality of the sexes.Rochester has fallen in love with her special personality.Just like Rochester said:“but regarding limpid vision, fluent enunciation, regarding that enthusiasm like fire mind, both full of affection and steady, also docile firm prefers death to humiliation the disposition, I am actually gentle and faithful forever”.【3】 What an exquisite summary, Rochester loves Jane Eyre’s character with kind, wise, self—respect and firm.She announced that the true basis of marriage could not be other, except love.A true love dose not depend on external conditions, it is based only on the mutual understanding, respect and attraction.This reflected her views about the value of human, she believed that the value of a person was not relied on the property, status and qualification as well as other external factors but on the internal factors such as thought, moral character, and intelligence and so on.Jane Eyre resolutely proved that true love could break through the gap between age, and background experience of the different natural or man-made barriers, so long as men and women could achieve the spiritual conjunction, mind communication.Marriage without love is not only painful but also pitiful.True love is mutual communication between hearts as well as mutual contribution.When Jane Eyre knew that Rochester was ready to marry pretty and young lady but still wanted Jane Eyre to stay with him, she got greatly hurt.Therefore, she announced loudly to Rochester: “Is it only because I am penniless, have an ordinary look and can not attract public attention that I have no soul and heart? I have the same rich heart as yours.I’m not speaking to you according to the conventions and customs nor with my flesh body.It is my soul that is pouring out to your soul, as if we two are passing through the tombs standing under the feet of God, absolutely equal to each other.” [4] This is not only the love mainfesto of seeking freedom and equality.B.Her Attitude Towards Men Jane Eyre left when she found the secret of Rochester’s mad wife.Rochester’s mad wife became the main hindrance between Jane and Rochester.Bertha Mason.Obviously, the plot is the criticism on English marriage system.However, Jane refused to cohabit with Rochester after their marriage was disclosed.She would rather get a marriage which is permitted and admired by other members in the society than be a mistress, which is looked down upon according to the leading trend of thought.Love is importantto Jane Eyre, but character and esteem is more important.“The more I am single, alone and no one to depend on, the more I respect myself”[5] what Jane Eyre wants is the love with respect.So she, refusing herself as Rochester’s lover and defending for her own dignity, has chosen the latter.It is known that men are superior to women.They go to good school;they can be officer;they can be businessmen as well;and they also have right to do everything.Women are only the affiliate of men.Women have no status.The reason why Jane Eyre gets highly apprises is that it portrays an image out of ordinariness.Jane Eyre is not reconciled to play the role that the society appointed.She maintains her respect by her hard working, wisdom, and the strong individualism.She believes that human is equal at God’s feet.The relationship between Jane Eyre and Rochester changes from host and servant to equal couple.Jane Eyre struggles continually to achieve equality and to overcome oppression.In addition to class hierarchy, she must fight against those who believe women are inferior to men.Three central male figures threaten her desire for equality and dignity: Mr.Brocklehurst, Edward Rochester, and St.John Rivers, each try to keep Jane in a submissive position, where she is unable to express her own thoughts and feelings.In her quest for independence and self—knowledge, she must escape from Brocklehurst, reject St.John and come to Rochester only after ensuring that they may get married equally.She will not rely solely on Rochester for love and she can be financially independent.Jane rejects marriages to Rochester and St.John because she understands she will have to forfeit her independence in the unions, and marry Rochester only when she has attained the financial independence and self-respect to maintain a marriage of equality.Jane Eyre’s rejection to John’s propose has further indicate her love view: a genuine love is equal, a marriage with love is happy.C.Her Female Consciousness Jane Eyre’s women consciousness is far beyond Victorian times.In 19th century, women did not have any status.They were discriminated against and conceived of as a people inferior to men.That was why Jane Eyre was criticized by some people.Lionel Stevenson said, “Jane Eyre was an intolerable renegade from all the standards of behavior expected of respectable girls.”[6]
In Jane’s life, she never stops struggling against miserable life and misfortune.She has not noble position, an illustrious background, wealth or a beautiful appearance.The only proud thing for her is her self-respect which is supported by her self-confidence and her staunch independence.She never expects that Rochester can love her because she thinks there is a big gap between them forever.When they fall in love, Jane has to keep her self-respect and impendence in case of losing herself.What she can give to Rochester is only her love, her infatuation, her spiritual support and nothing else.However, what Rochester gives her is more than hers.He can also improve Jane Eyre’s social status and increase her wealth.This situation makes her feel that they are not quite equal and her independence is also threatened.Jane’s women consciousness and her struggling experience set a brilliant example for the female worldwide.Her spirit encourages women to fight for liberation.Jane Eyre tells not only what an independent woman is like but also what a successful woman should do.7 Chapter II The Formation of Jane Eyre’s
Love Value The most distinctive character of Jane is the resistance, the continuous resistance.As a young girl, she is ill treated by her aunt, however, Jane Eyre finds her boundless confidence and tough spirit, and a kind of inner power cannot be defeated.Her resistance is related to her life environment.She is poor but aspiring, small in body but huge in soul.In her opinion, everyone is the same at God’s feet.A.The Background of the Society In the nineteenth century, Britain was full of male hegemony, the whole social ideology was at the centre of the male position to maintain social order, the power system and the mainstream group of male interests, so that women are in the edge of society, in terms of ideology dominated by male gender in the mainstream society.It will violate the order of Nature and religious tradition if a woman trys to cultivate her intellect.Jane Eyre fails to escape from the trend of thought, which is illustrated by a lot of factors.The work initiated the spirit of women seeking self-autonomy, at the same time, it still has a profound impact of contemporary society, the spirit does not yield to pressure, courage to challenge setbacks, seem commendable today.During the period from 1830s to 1840s, the labor movement was vigorously forging ahead in the Northern Industry Zone.There appeared gatherings and demonstrations with numerous participants who yelled the revolutionary slogans in Manchester and its neighboring factories and urban areas;then England practiced the reform of the bourgeois democracy under which the government departments seemingly carried out a series of measures for democratic reform.For instance passed the bill, the females worked to ten hours.However, it was far from the acquisition of the so-called right of equality even if the chartist movement didn’t come up with the proposal for equality of the opposite sexes.So then in the England, it was impossible for females to find a niche in the society, particularly the women falling within the category of the petty bourgeoisie though they were educated, yet they had no proprieties, so they lacked the very competitiveness in the marriage market and tended to suffer from snubs and poverty, having depended on other persons for support and being left stranded penniless.For those female of upper society, the marriage or life-long accompanied the parents became their finally choice.For the poor female in the society, no matter married or unmarried, all must in the farm, the inn, store and so on.After the industrial development initially, they can work in the factory.The description is a cruel picture of the reality of the 19th century in England.B.The Formulation of Her Character Jane was extremely firm and unyielding in character, when she held the wedding ceremony with Rochester in church, the identity of Rochester’s crazy wife was exposed, Jane suffered a severe test, she realized: wedding can not carry on, leaving in secret as what Rochester required was immoral, leaving him such a painful choice, but there was only one answer—leave him “I care about myself.”[7]
In spite of Rochester’s retaining repeatedly, she insisted on leaving, having nobody to turn to or for help all the way, even to the point of begging for food, she did not return.Having experienced so many hardships and sufferings, she never changed ,the natural characters of honesty in her, when her aunt, Mrs Read, who had mistreated her and left a severe wound in her childhood heart, was badly ill and dying.Jane returned to Gateshead Palace, expressed her sympathy for the helpless old woman, she learned to forgive her enemy.When confronted with a huge legacy inherited from her overseas uncle, Jane came up with a very wise solution which was neither greedy nor out of just, she divided the legacy equally with her cousins.After returning to St.Field, faced with the ruins burnt by a big fire and the former lover who had become a blind man, Jane didn’t show any disappointment and sadness at all, she was loyal to her love, she married Rochester determinedly in adversity.The belief and action of seeking for freedom and equality showed in Jane reflected, in effect, the requests of the newly rising bourgeoisie after the Industry Revolution.Though, as industry was developing very quickly, the whole England was at the transition from an agricultural country to an industrious one, the position of noble class was in imminent danger.The noble were still maintaining their social position with the class idea.The bourgeoisie who became increasingly stronger in economy had to break the old class idea in order to establish its corresponding political position and to prove that “everyone is equal before God”[8].The heroin, Jane Eyre who saw the freedom and equality as her own life, was completely different from the traditional women who were mild, submitted and dependent on men in economy.Her most distinctive character was rebellion, her resistance and rebellion were challenges against the traditional ideas, taking a rather complicated love story as the holder, Jane Eyre presents us a woman figure that embodied some requests of the newly born bourgeoisie, portrayed the spirit of the Industry Revolution Age, the purpose of this book was not simply calling for the compassion of the readers, but expressing her thoughts and emotions.C.The Love of Jane Eyre and Rochester Love is the most beautiful characteristic of human beings’ life.And love cannot be measured by status, power or property.To most people, they like to seek a meaningful, romantic relationship resulting in love, commitment, companionship and happiness.For people, it is most important that a man and a woman have heart and feelings that find a perfect response, and also have mutual affinity.Jane and Rochester get true love after a lot of sufferings.After acquaintance, then attracting each other, and falling in love deeply, they meet many obstacles.The environment of which Jane Eyre worked as a governess makes her the only subject for the master — Rochester to communicate with.As we know, Jane was sent to a charity school and stayed there for eight years.During the period, Jane suffered a lot, but at the same time she gained a lot, especially enriched and accumulated her knowledge and it’s the knowledge and experience which she learnt at Lowood laid her good foundation for the future work.And at Thornfield, Jane is the only intelligent person for Rochester to talk to although he didn’t want very much to talk with her.However, Rochester is a communicative person, he needs a person to be his listener.In Rochester’s opinion, it’s not impossible for Jane to know many things and learn a lot at the limited place—Lowood , however, he is learned, old enough to be her father and much experienced.So he can order her to do everything he likes, and when he talks with her, the superiority and condescension expresses thoroughly.And Rochester himself felt strange that he said “ should choose you(refer to Jane)for the confidant of all this, young lady: passing strange that you should listen to me quietly, as if it were the most usual thing in the world for a man like me to tell stories of his operamistresses to a quaint, inexperienced girl like you!” “you, with your gravity, considerateness, and caution were made to be the recipient of secrets.”[9]
But Jane can understand Rochester, so he wants to communicate with her because they can share the common language.Although Ingram is 11 attractive, accomplished and has a honourable family, she is apathetic, lofty and looks down upon others including the governess — Jane Eyre.And Ingram “used to repeat sounding phrases from books;she never offered, nor had, an opinion of her own.She advocate a high tone of sentiment;but she did not know the sensations of sympathy and pity: tenderness and truth were not in her.”[10]
After she observed her master attentively, Jane thought that: “ he is not of their(refer to Ingram and other rich people around Rochester)kind.I believe he is of mine;I am sure he is, I feel akin to him, I understand the language of his countenance and movements: though rank and wealth sever us widely, I have something in my brain and heart, in my blood and nerves, that assimilates me mentally to him.” [11]
From the passage above, we can see that Mr.Rochester is not easy to approach, and looks down upon others, especially persons ignorant of knowledge.If she has not studied six years and taught two years at Lowood School.Jane can’t advertise in the newspaper and get the job as the governess and she has no chance to communicate with her master in Rochester’s home if she hasn’t studied so much knowledge at Lowood.If they can’t communicate with each, they can’t know each other and it’s impossible for them to understand each other and even love each other.So we can’t imagine the linking up and understanding without knowledge.We always say that bad luck is precious property to a person.And there is a very famous saying: No pains, no gains.I think that Jane can get her job and love because of the severe management and her own hard-working at Lowood.And it’s her knowledge and experience learnt and accumulated at Lowood that makes our heroin Jane get her seeking justice and independence and in the end the love she is long for.From the first meeting with Rochester, we can see Jane’s position as a helper in Mr.Rochester’s mind.When one afternoon she is on her 12 way to the post office, Jane meets with Mr.Rochester unexpectedly.And after, she offers him help several times since he falls from his horse;Mr.Rochester still “had hardly turned his eyes in Jane’s direction before”[12].From this sentence we can see that Mr.Rochester is very haughty, he is not a man who is amiable and easy to approach.As an ordinary person, we should express our good manners to a stranger if others offers us help, but Mr.Rochester shows his ideas quite different.From their first meeting unexpectedly, Mr.Rochester knows the girl who helps him out of the trouble on his way to his home Thornfield is his governess.However, let’s see how our hero-Rochester’s attitude to Jane at his own home as a master.One evening when she is told at last by Mrs.Fairfax to have tea with Mr.Rochester in the drawing-room, Jane regards his first invitation as a ceremony and prepares it stately.From these statements above, it’s not difficult to see Mr.Rochester is a haughty and indifferent man either to his servant or to a person，he does not know much perhaps as far as he is concerned, he has nothing to say to his employees except giving them orders because he does not think his employees have the same languages to talk with.As we know, he is a bachelor and he has traveled many nations of the world.Not only the knowledge but also the experiences can make him superior to them.So he seems to look down upon any persons in his home.Mr.Rochester and Jane fall in love concerns and have revealed a lot of problem of United Kingdom society and tell to reader: What is the amatory basis? How to gain happy marriage? What position should the woman have in the family? That is to say, it is most important that a man and a woman have heart and feelings that find a perfect response, and also have mutual affinity.Shakespeare says: “the course of true love never runs smooth.” Jane and Rochester get true love after a lot of sufferings.Jane loves Rochester 13 deeply always-from the beginning to the end.There should be no distinction of property, rank or age in true love.Jane falls in love with Mr.Rochester.He who has rich experience and wisdom is softhearted, wealthy and in high rank as well as having pride and rudeness.Jane loves him, but not for his wealth and high rank, because he treats her equally and in a friendly manner, although she is poor and in low position.She is such an excellent girl, good, intelligent, considerate that Rochester is attracted to her.It is Jane not someone else Rochester loves.In order to lead a life of independence, Jane works as a governess at Thornfield Hall.She is looked down upon by the rich ladies of the fashionable society, but she never despises herself, she never feels herself inferior.She is satisfied with, and even proud of her honest, independence work.Rochester is attracted to her qualification of mind, courage, independence, and strong personality, and falls in love with her.But it is Jane Eyre who declares her love to Rochester before he makes his sentiment clear to her: “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?” she cries, “You think wrong!-I have as much soul as you,-and full as much heart!And if god had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.I am not talking to you through the medium of custom, conversation, nor even of mortal flesh;it is my spirit that addresses your spirit;just as if both had passed though the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal, as we are!”
[13]
Here, “equal” is the word, she loves Rochester just because he regards her as a human being, or more importantly, as an equal person.Equality is what she strives for, and in him she finds what she strives for.It shows that Jane is not very mature in mind.Without Rochester, her material life can’t be affected, but she can’t part from Rochester 14 in spirit and emotion.Rochester wins Jane’s heart, because she feels they are kindred spirits, and because he is the first person in the novel to offer Jane lasting love and a real home.Jane is honest, noble, pure, intelligent not to accept contaminating of common customs society, she has accepted his love just now, and has agreed to get married with Rochester.15 Chapter III The Significance of Jane Eyre’s
Love Value
A.Showing Jane Eyre is important history of English classical literature, and it successfully created the first female image who can take the aggressive attitude for the love and life, social and religious.At the same time, she also dares to fight for freedom and equality for the women status.A.Showing Her Unique Character Jane Eyre is Charlotte’s best literary production.In writing it, the author drew a great deal from her own life-experience.Jane Eyre, the daughter of a poor parson.She loses her parents shortly after her birth and the poor girl has to live in her aunt’s home.Her aunt, Mrs.Reed, is a very unsympathetic woman and treats her very badly.One day, unable to bear the maltreatment any longer, Jane tells straight to her what she thinks of her.Mrs.Reed is so angry that she gets rid of Jane by sending her to a charity school which is just for poor girls in Lowood.Maltreatmented again by the cruel masters there, Jane stays there for eight long years, six in studies, and two in the capacity of a teacher.Then she gets the position of governess for the daughter of Mr.Rochester, a rich squire.Mr.Rochester falls in love with Jane and she also loves him so much.They are about to get married when Jane gets to know that Mr.Rochester has a mad wife who is secretly kept under lock and key in the attic of the house.Jane is shocked by this and she finds she can not persuade herself to stay.So she goes through many hardships.Nearly dying on the moors, she is taken in and saved by the Reverend St.John Rivers who also helps her to get the job as a teacher in a village school.Meanwhile, a great misfortune befalls upon Mr.Rochester : he loses his sight during a fire which destroys the house, set by his mad wife who dies tragically by jumping off the roof in spite of his attempt to save her.Hearing that Mr.Rochester is penniless and disabled, Jane Eyre hurries back to him and becomes his wife eventually.As an orphan ,since her early childhood, Jane feels exiled and ostracized at the beginning of the novel, and the cruel treatment she receives from her aunt Reed and her cousins only exacerbates her feeling of alienation.Afraid that she will never find a true sense of home or community, Jane feels the need to belong somewhere, to find “kin,” or at least “kindred spirits.”
In her search for freedom, Jane also struggles with the question what type of freedom she wants.While Rochester initially offers Jane a chance to liberate her passions, Jane comes to realize that such freedom could also mean enslavement—by living as Rochester’s mistress, she would be sacrificing her dignity and integrity for the sake of her feelings.St.John Rivers offers Jane another kind of freedom: the freedom to act unreservedly on her principles.He opens to Jane the possibility of exercising her talents fully by working and living with him in India.Jane eventually realizes that this freedom would also constitute a form of imprisonment, because she would be forced to keep her true feelings and her true passions always in check.Charlotte Bronte may have created the character of Jane Eyre as a means of coming to terms with elements of her own life.Much evidence suggests that Bronte, who also struggled to find a balance between love and freedom and to find others who understood her.At many points in the book, Jane shows the author’s opinions on religion, social class, and gender.B.Awakening Her Feminist Consciousness The unyielding pursuit, self-confidence based on knowledge and conscience, and the capacity of criticizing the reality from Jane Eyre, are the rational severeign spirit of “I think therefore I am” from Cartesian.It is with wisdom, courage and knowledge to build a newly-free social relation that Jane opposed initially, was dignified and gained approval and respect later.And with her hard-working devoting of self-proved spirit since childhood, she actively fought for the basic severeign right for love and marriage while obeying the golden moral rule of “has the earnest and on others”.From Jane, we can't see the charming and sensuous qualities of women in Turgenev's book;we can't see the hesitated and submissive qualities in Zola's and Maupasant's book;we also can't see the slavery destiny in Hardy's book.“Passive, dedication, gentle, elegant,” which was strongly described by the writers in the old days to educate and mold their generation and beyond, but was not allowed to be appeared in modern women.Experienced the long-term excercise in public and society, the unstable situation can't make the modern women complain and the teasing of fate can't make them surrender.Jane owns what these modern women should have.In this period that men's leading culture exists in every corner of women's life, Jane sternly removed the great and the strong of men.She deeply revealed that the men's power was built beyond women's ignorance and submissive, and she clearly understood that it's impossible for men to be women's rescuer because in contrast, sometimes men are in more need of being rescured by women.It is because of her strong will and always-sensible mind as well as her patience and calmness, Rochester trusts her more than anyone.Every time faced with danger, he instinctively turns to Jane and tells her “I need you” to gain the power to live again.We can say that in the association with Jane, Rochester is totally attracted by Jane's noble characteristic that he entirely relies on Jane mentally and lively.18 C.The Growth of A New Woman As a foreign literature, most of women who have read Charlotte's Jane like it so much.If we think Charlotte's just to write this touching love and write Jane Eyre.We are wrong.The author is also a woman living in the UK fluctuation change in the middle of the 19th century, when thoughts have a brand new start.While in Jane Eyre ,the most important is the thought of women’s independent consciousness.Let us imagine, if Jane's independence, have been killed in her miserable childhood, If she didn't have the independence and live together with those terrible relatives , Rochester, who has much money to start a new life of status, If she wasn’t that pure, now we only have moving tears for this.Conclusion From the paper it is seen that Jane Eyre is worthy to love and to be loved.Her love is based on equality and independence, having nothing to do with status, power or property.She is not tempted with money and doesn’t want to be mistress of Rochester for money.Her love is loyal and steadfast.Jane Eye needs true love, and she overcomes the obstacles in the process of pursing true love.At last, she succeeds and lives a happy life with her lover.Through the detailed analysis of Jane Eyre’s character, it is known that whatever difficulties one encounters in his life, facing them bravely is the only way that one can do.Everybody has the rights to pursue happiness, to pursue the true spirit of life, which can be seen from Jane Eyre’s independence and toughness.So there is a independent woman who pursues true love and equality, and is a good example of all women.Jane Eyre is an orphan, and was ill-treated as a little girl.She strives for her life, which makes her tough character and strong self-respect.Because of her childhood’s life environment, she learns how to live.Also just for her growing experiences, it creates her strong personality, beautiful ideal and wisdom.Jane Eyre is a special image out of ordinary.She makes a life by herself, dares to express her own idea.Under the pressure of life, she always maintains her self-respect by hard work, intelligence and her tough individualism.She never gives in on her way.Though she has little figure, Jane Eyre is huge in soul.She pursues true love and is loyal and steadfast to her beloved man.Her kindness, intelligence, and independence attract the hero.At last she gets a perfect love.We can also say that Jane written by Charlotte is not flawed, but she conforms with human feelings, she is a woman rather than an angel, 20 a soul with and blood of the soul, With all kinds of human weaknesses and the advantages of a woman rather than a model.This is her psychological choice, her values, and she is actively to the struggle to fight, to fight for their own happiness, which is her right, as everyone should be allowed to own better.21
Notes [1] Bronet Charlotte, Jane Eyre(Oxford University ,1990),17-19 [2]Erik Knies,The Art of Charlotte Bronte,(Athens:Universty,1987),29-46 [3] Harris,Laurie Lanzen, Jane Eyre Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism,(Detroit: Gale Research Company,1982),42-43.[4] Harris,Laurie Lanzen, Jane Eyre Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism,(Detroit: Gale Research Company,1982),52.[5] Bronet, Charlotte, Jane Eyre(Oxford University ,1990),20-25 [6]Martin,Robert
Bernard，Charlotte Bronte’s Novels，（London:Faber,1966），23-24 [7] Bronet, Charlotte, Jane Eyre(Oxford University ,1990),35-37 [8] Martin,Robert
Bernard，Charlotte Bronte’s Novels，（London:Faber,1966），66 [9] Eagleton,Terry, Modern Critical Interpretation: Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre,(Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987),50-56.[10]Martin,Robert
Bernard，Charlotte Bronte’s Novels，（London:Faber,1966），30-34.[11] Martin,Robert Bernard，Charlotte Bronte’s Novels，（London:Faber,1966），41-44.[12] Bronet Charlotte, Jane Eyre(Oxford University ,1990)，54-62 [13]Martin,Robert
Bernard，Charlotte Bronte’s Novels，（London:Faber,1966），53-57.Bibliography Bronte, Charlotte.Jane Eyre.Oxford University Press 1990.Eagleton, Terry.Modern Critical Interpretations: Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre.Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers,1987.Erik Knies.The Art of Charlotte Bronte.Athens:University,1969.Harris, Laurie Lanzen.Jane Eyre Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism.Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.Martin, Robert Bernard.Charlotte Bronte’s Novels.London:Faber, 1966.Oates, Joyce Carol.Introduction of Jane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte.New York: Bantam Books,1987.Patrica Thompson.The Noble Body of Governesses.London:Oxford University Press,1956.Williams M.Women in the English Novel.Macmillan Press Ltd,1984.陈圆圆，论《简·爱》中的女性意识。湖北经济学院学校报,2007,(1)杜荣芳，从《简·爱》中的爱情与婚姻看两性关系中女性的屈从地位。重庆工学院学报,2006,(10)田兆耀，《西方文学鉴赏》。北京：中国广播电视出版社，2002 陶德臻，《世界文学名著选读》。北京：高等教育出版社，2002 王守仁，《英国文学选读》。北京：高等教育出版社，2005 杨正和，《外国文学名作欣赏》。北京：科学出版社，1999
第四篇：论简爱与现代女性爱情观比较,开题报告
中文系毕业论文开题报告
题目：简·爱与现代女性爱情观比较 开题时间：2012年1月
一、选题意义
（一）研究的现状综述
简·爱已成为唯美爱情的一个典型，是世界文学研究领域方面一个引人注目的方面。近年来研究更是层出不穷，并且出现一些专门研究简·爱的专门学者，主要有这些周美池《论<简·爱>不同时代的意义——以女主人公形象为例》、周双《关于简.爱双重性格的分析》、谭蒙革《简·爱女性形象分析》、黄兴军《<简·爱>中的永恒魅力 ——解析小说<简·爱>中女性反抗性格的形成》等等。这些都是国内研究的主要状况。
对简·爱的研究主要集中在各个高校中，主要表现为在各大学学报以及出版社发表论文的形式，比如论黄冈师范学院刊载的龚玲的《<简·爱>的女性哥特式特征》、泉州师专学报刊载的李红萍的《论简爱独立人格形象的塑造》、牡丹江大学黄兴军《<简·爱>中的永恒魅力 ——解析小说<简·爱>中女性反抗性格的形成》等等。这一系列是对夏洛蒂作品中简·爱这一人物形象的进一步挖掘，对后代人认识夏洛蒂和简·爱以及她的其他作品都有很大的帮助。
（二）研究的理论价值
夏洛蒂·勃朗特是英国文学史上第一个表现女性追求独立、自由主题的人，她的作品被视为“现代女性小说”的楷模。她的代表作《简·爱》塑造了一个出身寒微，长相平庸的、矮小的简爱，但她却是一个有着强烈自尊个性魅力的女性，她的魅力在于个性的力量，她善于思考，捍卫人格独立，敢于表达自己的爱憎。简·爱用自尊、自爱与自强的内在美好人性唤醒了另一颗懂得珍惜女性的心灵，简·爱的出现标志着欧洲文学史上新女性的诞生。
简·爱这一形象一直被人们视为不甘屈辱、追求平等、为维护女性的人格尊严而勇于抗争的精神典范，她虽然矮小，贫寒，长得又不美，但却直爽，单纯，倔强，自尊自立，敢于追求真正意义上的爱情。这种性格特征不知吸引了多少人，打动了了多少读者的心。许多女权主义者都以简爱为模范榜样。
（三）研究的现实意义
而今社会中的“快餐爱情”，越来越让人们瞠目结舌。爱情在本质上没有贵贱之分,也没有贫富之差，更没有地域之别。可在现实生活中自古以来就存在着“门当户对”、“砖门对砖门、土门对土门”的不良习俗，爱情在金钱与权势面前出现的悲剧司空见惯。时至今日，在当今市场经济的利益驱动下，拜金拜权主义的思潮渗透到婚姻和家庭之中，使爱情蒙上了灰暗的面纱，但这一切的背后现代女性渴望的却是简.爱般唯美的爱情。
爱情是个永恒不变的话题，细细品味就会发现，无论是简·爱还是现代女性所追求的爱情都是以平等、以心灵的契合为前提的。一百多年前的简·爱要求的爱情就是民主、平等的。同样现代女性爱情的基础也是平等与民主，而且对这方面的要求比简·爱那个年代还要更高。在现代社会生活中，女人和男人是平等的，女人不再是家庭的附庸，她们不仅像男人一样有自己的事业，同时拥有自己的朋友圈子，有自己的独立空间。她们不仅要求物质上的平等，更要求精神上的相互尊重、相互理解，使彼此成为心灵的依靠与归宿。
二、前人研究的状况（需较具体分类分析）：
（一）情感角度，比如许艺萍《简·爱和现代女性爱情观比较》、孙伟民《自卑情结造就了简爱鲜明的人格魅力——解析<简·爱>》等等，这些作品大体上是从爱情、亲情上分析的。
（二）人物形象角度，谭蒙革《简.爱女性形象分析》、胡晴《论<简爱>的女性意识》等等，主要是从简.爱和现代女性的角度来写的。
（三）生命意识形态角度，胡晴《论<简·爱>的女性意识》、李红萍《论简爱独立人格形象的塑造》等等，都是从简.爱坚强的生命意识方面的问题。
（四）创作意识角度，黄兴军《<简·爱>中的永恒魅力 ——解析小说<简·爱>中女性反抗性格的形成》，是从简·爱的思想意识方面写的。
三、我的研究角度、研究的主要内容及创新之处：
（一）研究角度：从爱情的角度，对简·爱与现代女性进行比较、归纳总结。
（二）研究的主要内容：主要研究的是简·爱与现代女性的爱情，这里主要针对的是夏洛蒂《简·爱》中的唯美爱情的存在意义。论文要表现出的比较主要从这两大方面来进行描述：一方面是时代的对比，简.爱与现代女性她们生活在不同的时代。另一方面是归纳她们各自对爱情的执着与自私。通过这两大方面整体架构这篇论文，使得全文条理清楚，目的明确，使自己加深对简.爱爱情精髓的理解，同时从深层次上感受唯美爱情的真谛，使自己浮躁的心灵得到一次深刻的洗礼。
（三）创新之处：打破对简.爱爱情原来的认识，以具体的作品为文本，在简.爱的性格特征、人物形象、爱情观等问题上以新的理论为依据，与当今社会中的“快餐爱情”进行比较，对简.爱的爱情进行新的认识。
四、研究步骤、方法
（一）研究步骤：本篇论文是文学性的论文，针对它的特点，我采用的研究步骤主要有以下几个：搜集资料、整理资料、撰写论文。搜集资料是写好一篇论文的必要准备，材料的多少直接关系到论文内容的价值量的大小。我搜集资料的途径主要是通过图书馆查询、网络搜索等等。资料搜集好以后就要对资料进行筛选和整理，要紧紧扣住本篇论文的中心对资料进行整理，去除于论题无关的，保留与论题有关的，使资料更系统化。最后一个步骤就是对整理好的资料进行加工，即撰写论文。这个阶段是最重要的一部分，首先要确定文章的主题，再者要注意文章的结构，另外遣词造句也是必须要注意的问题。
（二）研究方法：文本分析、性格分析、比较分析等。
五、我的研究条件：
（一）基于我对简.爱的了解。早在高中的时候我就读了夏洛蒂的《简·爱》，并在大学学习了外国文学后，对她的《简·爱》有了进一步的了解，当然，最大程度上还是基于我对简.爱对罗切斯特真诚而执着的爱而感动的，读《简·爱》使我对爱情的理解上升到另一个层次，所以我选择了写这个论题。
（二）相关资料比较丰富。国内外文学研究中对《简·爱》的研究有很多，这就对我查找资料提供了方便，同时，在本校的图书馆中有很多有关研究《简·爱》的书籍，这在很大程度上也减轻了我收集资料的负担。
（三）时间充裕。现在已经是大四了，相对以往课程量要小的多，所以可以认真的去做收集资料、整理资料这一类事情，力争为写好这篇论文做好充分的准备。
六、主要参考文献（10种以上）： [1]谭蒙革.简.爱女性独立形象分析[J].读与写杂志，2011，（5）.[2]周美池.论《简·爱》不同时代的意义——以女主人公形象为例[J].时代文学，2009,（18）.[3]吴珊.读《简·爱》有感[J].时代文学，2009，(12).[4]刘丽.一个时代的女性呐喊与追求——谈《简·爱》中的典型人物简.爱[J].2009,(10).[5]龚玲.论《简·爱》的女性哥特式特征[J].黄冈师范学院学报，2011，（2）.[6]胡晴.论《简·爱》的女性意识[J].安徽文学，2008，（5）.[7]李红萍.论简·爱独立人格形象的塑造[J].泉州师专学报，1998，（1）.[8]李晓霞.从女权主义的角度解读《简·爱》[J].2010，（5）.[9]毛竹生.简·爱的出走与自我实现[J].2001，（6）.[10]王康英.论《简·爱》中女主人公简爱对真爱的追求[J].科技信息，2008.七、指导老师意见：
第五篇：简爱与现代爱情观对比
一、叛逆与追求 简·爱和孙柔嘉她们都以大胆叛逆精神勇敢地冲破封建禁锢，大胆地追求真爱，寻找自己的幸福。
1、简·爱勇敢地冲破封建（传统观念）的禁锢，大胆追求真爱。简·爱是一个敢于向男权社会传统观念挑战的女性，被女性主义者奉为反映被压迫处于社会边缘生存状态的女性反抗男权社会，追求婚姻自由、平等地位的经典人物。
二、自然层面，从女性自身特点研究女性自我；
三、以男性为参照，了解女性在精神文化方面的独特处境。
2、孙柔嘉冲破世俗，大胆追求自己的爱情。这种既柔又嘉、却暗自阴柔而且柔能克刚的人，就像一个甜蜜的圈套，却掌控着自己的婚姻、生活和命运，也掌控着方鸿渐的婚姻、生活和命运。
四、迥异的归宿 虽然简·爱与孙柔嘉都是勇敢地冲破封建禁锢，大胆地追求真爱，开始走的道路是相似的，但是她们寻求真爱的结局却是截然相反的：简·爱守住了爱情，最终得到了幸福，而孙柔嘉却是由幸福走进了无尽的痛苦之中。
2、简·爱和孙柔嘉的性格不同也造成了她们爱情结局的不同。简·爱是一个全方位寻求独立、平等、自尊的女性。
3、简·爱与孙柔嘉反封建的角度也是不同的。
简·爱主要是反对男权主义，孙柔嘉主要是反对封建家庭的束缚。简·爱与孙柔嘉反抗的本质也是不同的。简·爱是发自内心自觉的反抗，而孙柔嘉是被迫的反抗。简·爱的反抗心里是与生俱来的，年幼的简·爱就和她的表哥约翰发生了冲突，骄横残暴的约翰把表妹简· 简·爱独立自主的爱情观
简·爱的思想发展是这部小说的中心。从一开始，简就有一种很强的自我意识——追求价值和尊严，勇敢地追求自由平等和独立自主。在罗切斯特的面前，她从不因为自己是一个地位卑微的家庭教师而感到自卑，她认为他们是平等的。她的正直、高尚、纯洁，她的心灵没有受到世俗社会的污染，所以罗切斯特为之震撼，把她看成一个可以和自己在精神上平等交谈的人。简的独立性在整部小说的情节发展中不断地得到了验证。
尽管罗切斯特的表白和求婚让简感到非常高兴，但也不免忧虑和担心。因为她一直渴望自由自在的生活，婚姻就意味着束缚和屈服，意味着她要对他负责、受他的控制。当罗切斯特挥金如土，为她添购丝绸、珠宝的时候，她变得更加敏 感，觉得自己就像是一个被苏丹宠爱的奴隶。
离开桑菲尔德是简作出的最大的决定。从罗切斯特那里，她找到了渴望已久的爱情，桑菲尔德是她第一个真正的家，离开了它仿佛就是离开了自己。但是，作为罗切斯特的情妇跟他生活在一起，却又意味着自我妥协，那是她最不想要的。甚至在知道伯莎的存在以前，她就觉得嫁给罗切斯特是一种冒险，他们压根儿就不会平等，她害怕罗切斯特把她当玩物一样对待，更要命的是，嫁给一个地位比 她高的人，让她有负债感。
在桑菲尔德遭遇大火之后，简和罗切斯特重归于好，找到了幸福的归宿。离开了桑菲尔德以后，简在莫尔顿过着简朴的生活，给一群穷孩子们做老师。她在经济上是独立的，并且担当了一个重要的角色。
二、罗切斯特感性至上的爱情观
罗切斯特出身于名门望族，因为不是长子，没有财产继承权。他的父亲“既想使自己的家产不至于分散，又想让他也有财产以保持家族的声望”，和他哥哥一起帮他找了个对象，也就是后来发了疯的伯莎·梅森，在他“还不知道是怎么回事时就和她结婚了”。婚后短暂的婚姻生活让罗切斯特彻底看清了伯莎的性格品质，使他意识到“自己从来没爱过她，从来没敬重过她，甚至从来没有了解过她”。
三、圣约翰理性至上的爱情观
与罗切斯特的感性至上的爱情观形成鲜明对比的是圣约翰理性至上的爱情观。在圣约翰身上，理智战胜情感，为主工作的精神压制了人类的正常感情，甚至可以拿圣洁的爱情来为之殉道。第二个体现就是圣约翰对伴侣的选择。他承认自己“发疯似地爱着罗莎蒙德·奥利弗”，可是同时“却冷静而清醒地意识到，她不会成为他的好妻子，她不是那种适合于他的伴侣”。对他来说，结婚不过是手段，是实现自己传教理想的工具。在日常的相处中，圣约翰看到了简·爱身上的“温顺、勤奋、无私、忠实、坚贞、勇敢，非常文雅，又颇具英雄气概”等品质。夏洛蒂通过刻画这样一个独立自主的文学形象，并注入一些自己的亲身经历以及宗教观念，既表达了她对男性压迫者的强烈抗议，又表达了她追求独立自主、自由平等的女权主义思想。简·爱作为一个以“独立自主”而著称的文学形象，吸引并激励着越来越多的女性去效仿.一）研究的现状综述 简·爱已成为唯美爱情的一个典型，是世界文学研究领域方面一个引人注目的方面。
（二）研究的理论价值 夏洛蒂·勃朗特是英国文学史上第一个表现女性追求独立、自由主题的人，她的作品被视为“现代女性小说”的楷模。她的代表作《简·爱》塑造了一个出身寒微，长相平庸的、矮小的简爱，但她却是一个有着强烈自尊个性魅力的女性，她的魅力在于个性的力量，她善于思考，捍卫人格独立，敢于表达自己的爱憎。简·爱用自尊、自爱与自强的内在美好人性唤醒了另一颗懂得珍惜女性的心灵，简·爱的出现标志着欧洲文学史上新女性的诞生。简·爱这一形象一直被人们视为不甘屈辱、追求平等、为维护女性的人格尊严而勇于抗争的精神典范，她虽然矮小，贫寒，长得又不美，但却直爽，单纯，倔强，自尊自立，敢于追求真正意义上的爱情。这种性格特征不知吸引了多少人，打动了了多少读者的心。许多女权主义者都以简爱为模范榜样。
（三）研究的现实意义 而今社会中的“快餐爱情”，越来越让人们瞠目结舌。爱情在本质上没有贵贱之分,也没有贫富之差，更没有地域之别。可在现实生活中自古以来就存在着“门当户对”、“砖门对砖门、土门对土门”的不良习俗，爱情在金钱与权势面前出现的悲剧司空见惯。
（一）情感角度，比如许艺萍《简·爱和现代女性爱情观比较》、孙伟民《自卑情结造就了简爱鲜明的人格魅力——解析<简·爱>》等等，这些作品大体上是从爱情、亲情上分析的。
（二）人物形象角度，谭蒙革《简.爱女性形象分析》、胡晴《论<简爱>的女性意识》等等，主要是从简.爱和现代女性的角度来写的。
（三）生命意识形态角度，胡晴《论<简·爱>的女性意识》、李红萍《论简爱独立人格形象的塑造》等等，都是从简.爱坚强的生命意识方面的问题。
（四）创作意识角度，黄兴军《<简·爱>中的永恒魅力 ——解析小说<简·爱>中女性反抗性格的形成》，是从简·爱的思想意识方面写的。
三、我的研究角度、研究的主要内容及创新之处：
（一）研究角度：从爱情的角度，对简·爱与现代女性进行比较、归纳总结。
（二）研究的主要内容：主要研究的是简·爱与现代女性的爱情，这里主要针对的是夏洛蒂《简·爱》中的唯美爱情的存在意义。论文要表现出的比较主要从这两大方面来进行描述：一方面是时代的对比，简.爱与现代女性她们生活在不同的时代。另一方面是归纳她们各自对爱情的执着与自私。通过这两大方面整体架构这篇论文，使得全文条理清楚，目的明确，使自己加深对简.爱爱情精髓的理解，同时从深层次上感受唯美爱情的真谛，使自己浮躁的心灵得到一次深刻的洗礼。
（三）创新之处：打破对简.爱爱情原来的认识，以具体的作品为文本，在简.爱的性格特征、人物形象、爱情观等问题上以新的理论为依据，与当今社会中的“快餐爱情”进行比较，对简.爱的爱情进行新的认识。
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