中学英语经典短文读背

第一篇：中学英语经典短文读背

初中英语经典短文读背

编者按：对绝大多数中国学生来说，阅读是吸收英语语言材料，增加语言知识，扩大词汇量的最重要的手段。而且阅读能力的提高又能为听说口语能力和写作能力的发展打好基础。因此，看你的语言知识能否巩固，在很大程度上取决于你能否真正学会阅读。阅读能力是影响英语学习的最重要的因素。正因为这样，不同时期的《英语教学大纲》都明确规定要“侧重培养阅读能力”。而英语阅读能力只有通过大量的英语阅读实践才能培养起来。这正吻合了英国著名的语言教学家、新阅读法创始人韦斯特（Micheal West）的观点：“通过阅读学会阅读”。

鉴于以上认识，我们选编了这份资料——初中英语经典短文读背。希望各位同学要学会借助有关工具书或在老师的必要指导下读懂这些短文，学会分析有关长句子、难句子，并在此基础上，逐篇背诵。尤其需要强调的是，还要学会仿照作文，以求达到举一反三之功效。

一、My mother

1.My mother is the loveliest person in the world.She loves her children very much and is always kind and gentle to them.Every mother is kind to her children but my mother’s kindliness to us is unlike others.She never gets angry and never loses her temper.When we are naughty and do not listen to her words , she only pretends to be angry and walks away.She will come back to us sometimes later and asks whether we like to be good boys and good girls again.She is so gentle and patient to us.My mother is busy all day.She cooks for us ,washes our clothes and also teaches us to do our homework.We all love and respect our dear ,dear mother.2.My mother is a very kind and gentle woman.I have two brothers and two sisters , so she has five children in all.She takes good care of all of us and keeps the house in good order.My mother has too much to do used to get up very early and sleep very late.She works hard and is always busy.Yet she never makes a complaint.She often says :“Work while you work , play while you play.If you do not work hard and become lazy,My mother is kind not only to her children but to all other people.She is tender-hearted and cannot keep her tears when a sad who know her and we are proud of this.二．My friend

3.I have many friends.Among them , there is one I like much better than all the others.I became acquainted with him when I first went to school and since then we have been living together for over six years.He is sweet and patient, clever and active ,andall who know him..He is good in many subjects and is always glad to teach me and answer my questions.I have much to learn from him and 1

4.Wang Ying is my classmate and good friend.She is as tall as I am and is a lovely and clever girl.She likes pictures and is learning to paint.She also likes swimming.We used to go to swim together and gather sea-shells on the beaches.Wang Ying is the best student in our class.She studies hard and always pays attention to what the teachers say.She also likes to help her classmates to do their homework and

三．My teacher

5.We have many teachers in our school ,some of them old and some of them young.There are women as well as men.We have Englishmen as well as Chinese.He is Mr Liang , an old man of over sixty.He teaches history and is very gentle and kind.He teaches well and seems to know everything.He also tells stories well.We all like him and admire him.6.My teacher ,Miss Fang , is the best teacher I have ever known.She not only teaches us well but.She is our teacher in the classroom and our friend and playmate after class , for she likes to play and joke with us.She is very patient in her teaching.She is never tired of helping us in our work.Sometimes , she pays us visits at home to see how we do our homework.四．My---

7．My cat

I have a furry kitten.She is tiny , naughty but clever.filled with cotton and covered with a little piece of blanke

My kitten is named Mimie.She is clean and lovely.I used toplay with her.Mimie is my good friend.I shall always be friendly and kind to her.8.My dog

My father bought me a little dog on my last birthday.We named him little Huang because he is yellow in colour.Little Huang loves to run in the garden and play with a ball.He is very clever and can barks atlittle tricks.Everybody in the family loves him.He is be unkind to him.五．My school

9.Our school lies in a peaceful and quiet place off the city.It has its own buildings and its own playground.The school building has five stories and twenty classrooms.We have nearly one thousand pupils.We are very happy because the teachers treat us like their own children and the school is just like a large family to us.Our school-master is a very kind old man.He has been school –master for the past fifteen years and looks upon us as his own sons and daughters.All the boys and girls respect and love him.10.Our school is a very lovely place.We have many kind teachers children.We work and play together happily like brothers and sisters.We help each other like good friends.We have ten classes and there are about forty pupils in a class.Our school lessons begin at eight o’clock in the morning.We also have morning exercises.All pupils gather in the playground before school begins and one can see many bright and smiling faces there.We learn many useful things in school.Our dear teachers are teaching us all useful subjects when we grow up.We love our school.It is just another home of ours.六．My home town

11.Singapore is my home town.I was born there and my family has lived in Singapore for many generations.Singapore is a beautiful city and a good place to live in.It has grown intoscenerybotanical gardenon public holidays.One can see rubber trees , coconut trees and palm trees everywhere.12.Hong Kong is the place I love most.I love it because it is my homeland and my family has lived here for many , many years.I love it also because it is a beautiful place and its name has become known“the pearl of the east”.I am proud of it.Hong Kong is a modern city.It is a good sea port and has a good harbour and a modern equipped airport.It has a population of about five million.It has also first-class hospitals and clinics.Ninety-eight per cent of the population of Hong Kong is Chinese.They have lived here for attractive place for world-wide touristsI am proud of Hong Kong and of

七、My Boyhood

13．My boyhood has gone and can never come back.Yet I still cannot forget the happy days when I was a little boy and was a prince in the family.My family was not rich, but as there were only two of us in the family , my younger sister

and myself , we naturally became our parents’ treasuresshared more of my mother’s affection than my sister.I well remember the evenings when , after supper ,we sat together and begged our parents to tell us stories.How I liked those tales told byfairy stories having a brave and honest boy as the heroine.It is a pity that I cannot remember even one of them now.I also remember the days when I fell sick and had to be confined to bed.My parents were then the most unhappy persons on earth.There would be no more fairy tales to be told and thegot well again.The recollectionmy youththe sorrows of life.Let me stand up and walk on like a man and a hero in the tales.八．My family

14.There are seven persons in my family.They are my father and mother , my grand-mother, my three sisters and myself.My parents are just over fifty, and are still strong and healthy.Among the seven , my three sisters are naturally the youngest.Although our family is not very rich , we live a happy home-life.My grand-mother is a very kind woman and helps to look after the children.She is seventy-two , but her eye-sight and hearing young person’s.She is also a good story teller.On weekdays , my father goes to his office and my sisters and I go to school.On

Sundays and holidays, we used topicnic.15.I have a good and happy family.We have altogether five persons : my father , my

mother , my two sisters and myself.My father is a merchant.He is very busy and is seldom at home except after office and

on Sundays and holidays.My mother is very busy too.She has to look after the house and take care of all of us.The evenings at home are the happiest and liveliest moments in our family.After that he has seen or heard in the day-time.After that , my father would begin to enjoy some music from his record player ,leaving us children to do our homework by ourselves.九、My profession

16.Everyone must have a professionserve the publicmankind.I do not desire I believe wealth cannot absolutelyor help one to

My profession must be useful to all and should add value to my life.I have chosen to be a doctor when I grow upcure people of their illnesses and make them live By making other people happy, I myself of

course will always be happy.17.I wish to be a teacher.Some say that a teacher’s life is a very dull one.I do not agree with this.As a teacher , one has the opportunity of all sorts of

among the younger generation Some of your pupils may become prominent citizens after some years.They may be famous politicians, artists , doctors ,professors, etc.Imagine has broght up.I look forward to the day when I can stand before a class of lovely children and being my as a teacher.十、The year

18.A year is divided into twelve months.Every three months make a season , so we have four seasons in a year.When winter comes , the weather is cold.In northern countries , snow falls and all trees and grass are covered with snow.In spring , the days become warmer.The trees put forth new leaves and the voices of birds are heard

Summer follows.The days become hotter and hotter.The sun is blazing in the sky.This is a season for swimming.The weather is mild in autumn.This is always the best part of the year.People go to picnic and enjoy themselves.They know that before long , winter will set in again and they have to remain indoors for quite a long time.19.We have four seasons in a year.They are : spring , summer , autumn and winter.Spring is the loveliest season in the year.In this season , flowers bloom and birds sing.The world is full of life.The weather is warm and the swallows begin to come back to live with us again.Poetsfull of hope.Summer is the most welcome season to school children.They have a long summer vacation.They may go to swim and play.Autumn is a good season for picnics and games.In this season , leaves begin to fall and flowers begin to wither away.This is why some people say that autumn is a season of sadness and loneliness , but I do not think it is true.Winter is cold.In some northern countries , snow begins to fall and most people have to stay indoors.But in tropical countries , the weather is still warm and the people go out of doorsdraws near passes , a new year will be born.

第二篇：50篇易背英语短文

Why Do We Attend University

我们为什么要上大学

When we consider why we should attend universities, different people have different ideas.In some students' eyes, studying in universities means a bright future after graduation.They think they are bound to find good jobs with a good college education.However, life in the colleges and the jobs that they can find are usually somewhat disappointing.Especially under the severe competition of today's society, it is not very easy for a college graduate to find a satisfying job.As far as I am concerned, universities can provide good study opportunities and essential facilities for those who want to acquire knowledge for the construction of our country, and this is the reason why we attend universities.Vocabulary: somewhat ['sʌmhwɔt,-hwət] n.几分；某物 adv.有点；多少；几分；稍微 construction [kən'strʌkʃən] n.建设；建筑物；解释；造句

On Super Girl 关于超级女生

Our class has recently held a heated discussion about the super girl's phenomenon which was hot news in these years.The students show their different opinions about it.62% of the students support it, they think that it provides a chance for those with talent for singing to show.In this way, some new singers can be trained and so it can promote the development of music and it can also improve their consciousness of competition.However 38% of the students are against it.They believe that many students spend too much time and energy on the competition.Some students even long to become famous overnight and can't concentrate themselves on studies.What's worse it can cause some students to worship their idols blindly.Vocabulary: consciousness ['kɔnʃəsnis] n.意识；知觉；觉悟；感觉

overnight [,əuvə'nait, 'əuvənait] adj.晚上的；通宵的；前夜的 n.头天晚上；一夜的逗留

worshipper ['wə:ʃipə] n.崇拜者；礼拜者；爱慕者

Can Money Buy Happiness?

钱可以买到幸福吗? Nowadays, a lot of people in society think the more money they have the more happiness they will obtain.As a result they will try their best to get money, even without considering the law.But in my view, the greatest happiness lies in one’s satisfaction with one’s surroundings.So long as we can look at things with a happy heart, we can be happy.It has nothing to do with a mount of money we have.Therefore, people shouldn’t pay too much attention money we have.On the contrary, what they should do is to put their money to good use and try to have an optimistic outlook all the time.Vocabulary: optimistic [,ɔpti'mistik] adj.乐观的；乐观主义的 outlook ['autluk, ,aut'luk] n.展望；观点；景色

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Surfing the Internet

上网的益处和坏处

With the development of computer technology, the internet has become more and more popular.Opinons are divided on whether students should surf the internet after class.Some students regard it as a great helper, the main reasons for this are listed as follows, first you can surf the internet for any information you need in a short time without working hard in the library;besides it is convenient to communicate with others by using the internet.However, other students think that there are some disadvantages of the internet because there is also some information that's not good for the students.In addition, spending too much time playing games online will not only have a bad affect on study but also do harm to our health.Therefore we should make proper use of the internet.It is of great importance fo r us to separate good plans from wild weeze.Vocabulary: wild [waild] adj.野生的；野蛮的；狂热的；荒凉的

Natural Resources

自然资源

For many years, we have been told that China is rich in various natural resouces so many people take it for granted that they are inexhaustible.people have not considered that one day some of these natural resources will be used up and that we will then be faced with energy crisis.As a matter of fact, many of the natural resources can't be replaced once used up such as the coal mines or oil fuels, etc.energy crisis will threaten our existance because of our excessive exploitation and because of the growing population.Considering the above the government should try to take some action to protect the natural resources and people should be educated not to waste them.Vocabulary: grant [ɡrɑ:nt, ɡrænt] vt.授予；允许；承认 take it for granted 视为当然；把…当成理所当然 inexhaustible [,iniɡ'zɔ:stəbl] adj.用不完的；不知疲倦的 excessive [ik'sesiv] adj.过多的，极度的；过分

exploitation [,eksplɔi'teiʃən] n.开发，开采；利用；广告推销

Examinations

考试

There are many arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of examinations.Some people think that examinations can help them review the lessons regularly, while others maintain that too many examinations have frustrated them.To me, I think an examination is a good thing for both the teachers and students.Teachers can find out how much the students have grasped and then improve their teaching, students on the other hand will learn what their weak points are and then study even harder.All in all, we should not waste time arguing whether examinations are good or not.What we should do is to try to improve the exam system and try to adjust it to our different requirements.Vocabulary: frustrated [frʌ'streitid] 失意的，挫败的；泄气的Homework 作业

Nowadays, more and more people in society have realized the importance of quality education.However students in primary schools and high schools are still complaining that they are overloaded with too much homework.In many teachers' eyes, homework offers a good methods to strengthen the knowledge the students have obtained, yet they ignored the disadvantages that homework brings.For one thing too much homework will take up all the spare time of students leaving them unable to enjoy the rest of their lives;for another too much homework will do great harm to students' health both physically and mentally.Its high time that schools thought more about the function of homework and tried to take practical measures to promote the all-round development of students.Vocabulary: Overloaded ['əuvə'ləudid] adj.超载的；超负荷的；超重v.使超载；使负担过重 abtain [əb'tein] v.获得

Work and Rest 工作和休息

Just as a famous saying goes: all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.It is obvious that people should have adequate rest in order to work hard yet some students especially those who are preparing for the college entrance examination are worried about their lessons and spend all their day time going over them.In their eyes they should sacrifice their rest time in order to get high scores on tests.As a result they suffer greatly from poor health and some of them may do poorly in the examinations.In conclusion we should be aware that nothing is more valuable than health which is a foundation of one success.With a poor health one can hardly succeed in anything he does.Therefore a student we should have enough rest to ensure a healthy body to work and study.Vocabulary: adequate ['ædikwit] adj.充足的；适当的；胜任的 sacrifice ['sækrifais] vi.献祭；奉献

Is Honesty Going out of Style?

诚实过时了吗

Most Chinese people are quite familiar with the story of the three wolves cries.We taught to be honest when we were very young however as we grow up we find that it is difficult to be honest all the time.Sometimes we are forced to tell lies and other times we find people who are dishonest can enjoy great pleasures, while honest people have to suffer failures and still there are times when we have to tell lies in order not to hurt others.Consequently people wonder whether honesty is going out of style.As far as I'm concerned honesty should always be an important feature valued by Chinese people we should try our best to avoid telling lies even white lies only in this way it's a fair society awaiting us.My Views of the Ban on Firecrackers 我对禁止燃烧烟花爆竹的看法

Most of us may still hold a happy memory in our minds when we were young, the spring festival was celebrated with the company of the flaming box and the loud explosions of firecrackers, but because of the numerous disasters caused by them, govenments in some big cities have completely banned firecrackers in the downtown areas.Some people are sad about this decision.They argue that they will lose the tradition of the Spring Festival.Regardless of the fires and the damage to human bodies caused by firecrackers they only focus on the pleasure firecrackers can bring about.With the development of the modern society, more and more changes will take place in our lives.Some of which may be great challenges against the traditions, but we should support the govenment's policy and the consideration of the whole society.What's more upon step into the new century we should celebrate the Spring Festival in a more civilized way.Vocabulary: flaming ['fleimiŋ] adj.燃烧的；火红的；激昂的 v.燃烧；变亮；发光（flame的ing形式）

explosion [ik'spləuʒən] n.爆炸；爆发；激增 The Positive and the Negative Effects of Advertising

广告的积极和消极影响

In the morden information era, one can't avoid being surrounded by various kinds of advertisments.They serve as a direct bridge between manufactures and consumers.By advertising, manufactures can easily introduce their products and attract the attention of consumers.On the other hand, consumers will have more opportunities to get to know more about the things they are interested in.However, there is still lots of people who complain that many of the words in advertisements are rather misleading.Some manufactures spend far too much money on advertising their products without trying to promote the quality of their goods.To make things worse, some people even use false descriptions in their advertisements for the sake of making money.Perhaps it is not advertising that should be blamed rather we need to strengthen advertising law.Only under the firm control of government, can advertisements benefit people in the broadest sense.Vocabulary:

misleading [,mis'li:diŋ] adj.令人误解的；引入歧途的description [di'skripʃən] n.描述，描写；类型；说明书 broadest adj.宽广的The Generation Gap

代沟

Nowadays many young people are complaining that their parents can not understand them very well.They say that their parents take care of every aspect of their lives leaving them a neighbor to have their private space yet parents are worried that their children don't show any respect to them and never give them any trust.Consequently the household phrases spreading it is the generation gap.By using this phrase both the young and the old have found a good explanation for their misunderstanding of each other.Yet they don't bother to take any measures to cover the distance between them.In my opinion I think we should first admit that there are indeed some differences between parents and children then we should try to take some time to communicate with each other frequently.Not only the parents but also the kids should be equal when they're exchanging their views.Only by the joint efforts can the parents and children breach the gerneration gap between them.Vocabulary: private space 私人空间

misunderstanding [,misʌndə'stændiŋ] n.误解；误会；不和

Science and Human Life

科学和人类生活

With the development of science, human life has changed tremendously.People living in the 18th or 19th centuries would never imagine the advanced household appliances we are now able to enjoy.Every aspect of our lives for instance, in the field of medicine or agriculture has witnessed great improvements through the application of science.However, many people complained that science has also brought disasters to human life.Some evil scientists have used their knowledge to do some illegal things.They may use science for the creation of weapons to destroy thousands of lives in wars, they might also use their knowledge to produce drugs to make a lot of money for themselves.Generally speaking, science has provided us with many valuable things but if used wrong way it can also lead to harm.We should try to keep science under control and put it to the best use of mankind.Vocabulary: tremendously [tri'mendəsli] adv.非常地；可怕地；惊人地

witness ['witnis] n.证人；目击者；证 据vt.目击；证明；为…作证

Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Good Luck

幸运号码能带来幸运吗？

Do lucky numbers really bring good luck? Some people think lucky numbers like 6 or 8 would bring them good luck.Because they bare similar pronunciation to the related Chinese characters which mean “good luck”.As a result, some young couples choose a date in which there is a 6 or an 8 to hold their wedding.Well, many shops choose such dates to celebrate their opening ceremony.However, it's rather ridiculous to think numbers can bring good fortune to people.One success has nothing to do with the number which one choose, but is rather related to one's own efforts.Numbers are only numbers, we should not attach too much importance to them.If you really think that a number can bring good luck to you, simply choose it, but don't forget to still go out of your way with your own effort.Without your own contribution, good luck won't simply fall on you automatically.Vocabulary:

ridiculous [ri'dikjuləs] adj.可笑的；荒谬的

automatically [,ɔ:tə'mætikəli] adv.自动地；机械地；无意识地

Film is Giving Way to TV 电视正在日益取代电影

There is a common phenomenon in our daily lives.During the period from 1975 to 1985, films goes decline dramatically 85,000 to about 12000 while TV watches sprung up from 5,000 to 100,000.As to the reasons, we may consider the following aspects.With the popularity of TV in our households, more and more people want one because of its cheapness and convenience.On the other hand, TV programmes can offer us more options at the same time.Nevertheless, films have not fully given way, some people still prefer going to the cinema.They feel that the audio visually effect offered in the cinema is a permanent temptation.Vocabulary: dramatically [drə'mætikəli] adv.戏剧地；引人注目地

permanent ['pə:mənənt] adj.永久的，永恒的；不变的 temptation [temp'teiʃən] n.引诱；诱惑物 College Students Going to Rural Areas

大学生将到农村地区去

The above table indicates a common phenomenon in recent years, more and more students are willing to go to rural areas to put their knowedge into practical use.In 1993, the numbers of students going to rural areas was only 5% of the total number graduates, however, five years later;that percentage have more than doubled.Upon thinking about the reasons for this change, we may find some interesting things.First of all, with the development of society, college students have changed their way of thinking.They are becoming more practical.If they can get a better paid job and if they are more likely to have a nice future in the rural areas.they will no longer stick to the idea of becoming assistant in big cities, on the other hand, the government to also educates that choice of working in the rural areas which encourages more young students to leave the big cities.With the development of a balanced economy, big cities will gradually lessen their attraction for the college graduates.Vocabulary: practical use 实际用途；实际应用；实用

On Saving 关于节约

As we know, when senior students graduate from school, most of their reference books as well as their text books which are still in good condition are thrown away.What a great waste it is!I suggest that we should recycle these books.On the one hand, recycling them can save a lot of natural resources which can be reused to make textbooks.On the other hand, senior students may have made plenty of useful notes on the pages, they are very useful to the following users.At present, the whole nation is hold on to build an energy saving society.I think it is certaining meaningful to bring long term interests.In fact in Australia and some other countries, recycling textbooks is popular which gives us a good example.My Views on Tradition 我对传统的看法

Many people especially the aged hold the idea that we should stick to the traditions of our country.Otherwise they think we will lose our distinctive Chinese character.In their eyes, we should be pround of the great traditions left by our ancesters, we should maintain these old traditions in order to differentiate ourselves from other nations, but many others are strongly oppose to it.They argue that we should not be confine to our own traditions.As to some traditions, they are clearly obstacles to the development of our society.We should certainly not hesitate to give them up.While on the other hand, tradition may be improved through the international communications.We should perhaps not be obsessed with our own traditions.On the contrary, we should brave enough to take in all the valuable traditions that comes from different nations.Only in this way, can our society be run properly and only in this way, can we improve on our traditons.Vocabulary: distinctive [dis'tiŋktiv] adj.有特色的，与众不同的differentiate [,difə'renʃieit] vi.区分，区别 confine to vt.只限于；关在…里面 obstacle ['ɔbstəkl] n.障碍，干扰；妨害物

Fast Food 快餐

In recent years, China has witnessed the prosperity of fast food resturants in big cities.It is quite easy for people to have meals at KFC or Mc donalds.At lunch time, it is hard to find seat in some fast food resturants.While so many small resturants are worried about how to attract more customers, foreign fast food resturants have rushed into China.Why can they draw so many people's attention?

Firstly, fast food is very fast and convenient, people can stuff themselves within several minutes.Secondly, the resturants offering fast food also provide a very comfortable environment as well as a warm atmosphere.people can not only enjoy the food they have but can also feel the foreign flavor the resturants try to display.However, most of the people who regularly go to fast food resturants rarely realize the facts that although the food may taste delicious, fast food usually has little nutrition.I think they should eat less for the sake of their health.Vocabulary: prosperity [prɔs'periti] n.繁荣，成功

atmosphere ['ætmə,sfiə] n.气氛；大气；空气 nutrition [nju:'triʃən] n.营养，营养学；营养品

Books 书

Books play an important part in our daily life.There are numerous kinds of books and each one can be categorized according to its content.Books are to human life like food to our bodies.Our lives become colorful because of the existence of books.By reading books, our knowledge can be enriched.From books we can get to know many unfamiliar things;from books we can learn how people live in other counties;from books we can broaden our minds and no longer be isolated in our own living circle.In short, books can provide us with so many things.Yet, some books are harmful to us when reading them we will be greatly affected.Therefore, try to choose good books and read them in a well planed way.Vocabulary: numerous ['nju:mərəs] adj.许多的，很多的 categorized v.分类（categorize的过去式）

isolated ['aisəleitid] v.使孤立；使绝缘；脱离（isolate的过去分词）

Women in the Modern World

当今社会的女人

Women are playing an increasingly important role today.In many fields of society, you can easily find lots of outstanding women.With their actions and achievements they have showed that women can almost do everthing as equally well as men.Meanwhile with the changes of their social role, the position of women in the family has also greatly improved.Yet, there is still some discrimination against women, some organizations refused to have women employees.Even when women are accepted, they often do not enjoy equal pay for equal work.Forthermore, many husbands still think their wives as their possessions.In my eyes, women should try to get more opportunities to get educated and try to be independent both mentally and financially.They should never stop fighting for equal rights in society.Vocabulary: outstanding [,aut'stændiŋ] adj.杰出的；显著的；未解决的；未偿付的discrimination [dis,krimi'neiʃən] n.歧视；区别，辨别；识别力

possessions [pə'zeʃənz] n.[经] 财产；所有物（possession的复数形式）

Competition and Cooperation

竞争与合作

Competition is a common phenomenon in our society, we compete when we play games;we compete in our study and we constantly compete for jobs, customers and profit, etc.We can say that competition is the one of the motives of development of society.But we often find competition and coorperation go hand in hand.In a football game, one team is competing with the other but each member of the team is cooperating with his team mates.In most cases we can't compete without coorperation thus they are equally important.While we are advocating competition we can't forget coorperation nothing can be carried to an extreme.Pure and exclusive competition leads to faliure only when competition combines with coorperation can it help obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs.Vocabulary: motive ['məutiv] n.动机，目的；主题

advocate ['ædvəkeit, 'ædvəkət]vt.提倡，主张，拥护n.提倡者；支持者；律师 extreme [ik'stri:m] n.极端；末端；最大程度；极端的事物 adj.极端的；极度的；偏激的；尽头的

combine with vt.与...结合

Theory and Practice

理论与实践

When talking about the importance of theory and practice, some people think theory is rather empty and abstract, so we should try to pratice a lot to obtain our goals;while others maintain that practice is rather too blind and what we really need is to understand profound theories.Both of these viewpoints have own shortcomings: The former one only focuses on the importance of practice, but in fact, practice without the guidance of theory is just like a car without an engine.The latter one ignores the importance of practice.Paying no attention to the function of practice will only lead to empty words.What we should do is to systematically combine these two viewpoints.In our practice, we should try to study the related theory to make our practice easier.While studying theories, we should try to think in which situations we can put the theories into reality.Vocabulary: viewpoint ['vju:pɔint] n.观点，看法；视角

systematically [,sistə'mætikəli] adv.有系统地；有组织地

Diligence 勤奋

Diligence is the key to success.It means persistent work and does not mean that we are to exhaust ourselves all day and night without any rest.The true meaning of diligence is the careful use of time for the purpose of self-improvement.Many people strongly believe in luck, which is a serious mistake.If luck does exist, it will never fall upon lazy bones.There are also some people who think that they are far superior to others in intelligence and therefore, do not need to study hard.they are sure about their success, but too often they willbe disappointed, as few of them can be successful only with their so-called cleverness.In fact, time is always fleeting and can never be re-gained.The really clever people are those who understand the importance of diligence and make it their habit.These people are on the way to success by their own efforts.Vocanulary: persistent [pə'sistənt] adj.固执的，坚持的；持久稳固的 lazy bones 懒骨头

Cities or Countryside

城市还是乡村

When asked whether they would prefer to live in a city or the countryside, people tend to have different ideas.People who are in favor of city life may think it is too isolated and rather backward to live in the countryside;while advocates for country life argue that the cities are rather crowded and dirty.In face, each way of living has its advantages as well as disadvantages.People living in the city can enjoy and convenient services, yet never will they have the fresh air breathed by the countrymen.On the other hand, though people living in the county will be close to nature, sometimes they will feel that they have been forgotten by modern society.In my eyes, people should have the freedom to decide where to live.They can make their own decisions according to their own situation.Vocabulary:

backward ['bækwəd] adj.向后的；反向的；发展迟缓的 adv.向后地；相反地 advocate ['ædvəkeit, 'ædvəkət] n.提倡者；支持者；律师

Part-time Jobs

兼职

Nowadays, many students, including some high school students, would like to have some kind of part-time jobs.In their opinion, a part-time job can offer them a good chance to experience the real world outside schools.Additionally, they can get some money from doing this and therefore become somewhat more indepent from their parents.However, parents are worried that part-time jobs will influence the studies of students.They think students will not have enough time to learn and rest, and what’s more, they fear that early contacts with society, may lead to juvenile delinquency.In fact, it is not a bad thing to take a part-time job, but students should never forget their main responsibility is to study well.Vocabulary: somewhat ['sʌmhwɔt,-hwət] n.几分；某物 adv.有点；多少；几分；稍微 juvenile delinquency 少年违法犯罪

Don't Spoil the Children

不要溺爱孩子

For many years the one couple one child policy has been carried out in China, and it's proved to be an effective way to control the rapid growth of the population in our country.However, the advantages are often accompanied by some disadvantages.For example, the only child becomes the center or even the emperor of the family.In order to provide the bright future for the only child, many parents or grandparents show too much love to them, they do almost everything for the children to wipe way and hardship from them.Yet, when the spoiled children grow up, many of them greatly disappointed their parents, some of them even commit crimes.Who should be blamed? I think parents should teach the children to buy hardships and tell them the correct way to communicate with others.Only by correct education can the children be useful in the future.Vocabulary: accompany [ə'kʌmpəni] vt.陪伴，伴随；伴奏 emperor ['empərə] n.皇帝，君主

Taking Part in school Activities

参加学校活动

Nowadays, a large number of students show great interest in school activities.In their eyes, learning from books is not the sole task of their school career.They also wish to take every chance to obtain practical knowledge.Additionally, they find that after long hours of study, they can relax both physically and mentally by taking part in school activities.However, other students insist that school activities have nothing to do with their studies and they fear that school activities will take up too much of their time.Therefore, they would rather spend most of their time studying.As far as I’m concerned, I think we should agree with the former group of students.We can learn plenty of things from the students we meet in activities.What’s more, we can also get lots of social experience from doing so.Such experience can never be learned by being a “book-worn”.Vocabulary: sole [səul] adj.唯一的；单独的

Early Education 早期教育

It's a good thing that many parents have already realized the important of education, but some parents are too eager to start their own program to educate their young children.It's not unusual to see a 3 or 4 years old child busy learning many things, such as playing the piano, or drawing pictures, etc.However, few of them have any interest in the things they have learned, and even fewer will be successful in the future.There's a very famous saying, which goes “More haste, less speed.” Without considering the age and interests of their kids, parents are actually killing their curiosity.The so-called early education will do great harm to the children's development.So, if the parents really want to pay attention to the children's education, they should first think of their children's interests, and then make a reasonable plan according to the age of their children.Vocabulary:

More haste, less speed.欲速则不达

curiosity [,kjuri'ɔsiti] n.好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩 Why Do They Drop out of School?

为什么他们要退学? Nowadays, some students in rural areas drop out of school because of poverty.In some remote parts of the countryside, many families are too poor to afford their children's education, but some parents also think that earning money is more useful than going to school.As a result, many school children, particularly girls, are deprived of the chance to go to school.I think every child should have an equal opportunity to be educated.Society should try to help those poor families by donating some money to them.Furthmore, parents should be educated to be aware of the importance of education.Children are the hope of our country, but only when they are properly educated, can they play an important role in the construction of our country.Vocabulary: rural areas 农村地区

be deprived of 被剥夺，被夺去

Keys to the 21st century 开启21世纪之门的钥匙

Young students wil be the main work force in the 21st Century.To be a qualified talent, they should acquire two important keys, which are English and the knowledge of computers respectively.In the new century, English will be the major language used in communicating with people in different countries.To master the language means to have more opportunities to succeed.Additionally, computers are coming into almost every aspect of our livers.Knowing about them will be a basic requirement in the new century.Without the knowledge of computers, one can hardly cope with others in business or in daily life.As a student, we should work harder and master these two important keys to make a greater contribution to society.Vocabulary:

main work force 主要劳动大军

master ['mɑ:stə, 'mæstə] vt.控制；精通；征服 cope with 处理，应付

The Importance of Early Rising

早起的好处

Just as Benjamin Franklin says, early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.It's true that early rising benefits us in many ways.First, it helps to keep us fit.We all need fresh air.But air is never so fresh in other time of the day as that in the early morning.Besides, by taking morning exercises we can improve our health.Second, it can help us in our studies.In the morning we can learn quickly.Third, it can enable us to plan our work for the day.We can work well with a proper plan.Early rising can also give us enough time to get ready for a work.So we urge that those who always get up late should make great effort to get up early.As a student, we should work harder and master these two important keys to make a greater contribution to society.Vocabulary:

Benjamin Franklin n.本杰明·富兰克林（美国政治家及科学家）enable [i'neibl] vt.使能够，使成为可能；授予权利或方法 urge [ə:dʒ] vi.强烈要求

The Harm of Fake Commodities

假冒商品的危害

With the rapid economic development, fake commodities have rushed into our life and greatly affected the normal market order.As can be seen, fake commodities are greatly harmful to both the consumers and the manufacturers.But why have fake commodities become so common? For one thing, some businessmen take risks producing and selling fake goods just for the purpose of making money, and some customers buy those products because of the lower prices.For another thing, the punishment for producing fake goods is not severs enough to stop the violators.Therefore, today’s mrket has been flooded with fake brands of food, cothing and medicine, etc.Fake commodities have left thousands of people in confusion and panic: they no longer have a sense of safety.How terrible!I think it is high time we took some measures to clean up our society.Vocabulay:

For one thing 首先；一则

violator ['vaiəleitə] n.违背者；违反者；妨碍者 in confusion 乱七八糟；处于混乱状态

panic ['pænik] n.恐慌，惊慌；大恐慌 adj.恐慌的；没有理由的

Keeping Pets 养宠物

Nowsdays, many people would like to keep pets as their companions.There are so many pet shops, pet foods and even pet clinics around us.For the pet owners, pets are their favorite friends and can bring them countless pleasures.However, pets can bring problems to others as well.Some people complain that their livers are disturbed by so many dogs' barking;some children even get hurt by the dogs or cats.Many people think that pet-keeping should be limited.As far as I am concerned, pets are our friends so we should treat them kindly.Yet we should also consider other people's feelings.I hope while we are enjoying the happiness pets bring to us, other people can also continue their quiet and peaceful lives.Vocabulary:

countless ['kauntlis] adj.无数的；数不尽的

Opportunities

机会

Some people believe that opportunities only knock at the door of the luckiest few regardless of their ability, educational background or what kind of person they are.Therefore, instead of working hard to create some chances, they wait passively for the arrival of opportunities.However, many others think that opportunities can be obtained with active efforts.In their eyes,opportunities always come to those people who are well prepared.So these people always work hard and try their best to seek every possible opportunity.As to me, I think I would stand on the side of the latter group of people.If we do nothing but wait, we will rarely have any opportunities, as opportunities and our efforts are closely related.Vocabulary:

regardless of 不顾，不管

passively ['pæsivli] adv.被动地；顺从地

Chilren's Schoolbags are Getting Heavier

孩子的书包越来越重

Nowadays,more and more students are complaining about the heavy burden of study they are faced with.They find their schoolbags are getting heavier and heavier and the hours they spend on their homework are becoming longer and longer.Why can't the students get rid of the heavy load? For on thing, parents who expect too much of their children put severe pressures on them.They want their children to get high grades, do well in tests and always be the top students.For another thing, teachers at schools also attach too much importance to studies.They believe that students' high scores will provide obvious evidence of their excellent teaching.Society should pay more attention to the health of the students, and teachers and parents should have the correct attitude towards the students' development.Only in this way, can we relieve the students of their heavy schoolbags.Voccabulary:

burden ['bə:dən] n.负担；责任；船的载货vt.使负担；烦扰；装货于量 get rid of 摆脱，除去

My Views on the Development of Private Car Ownership

我对私人汽车所有权的看法

With the improved social developments, more and more Chinese families are beginning to afford private cars.Yet opinions of whether we should develop private car ownership or not differ from person to person.In some people's eyes, private cars offered them great convenience and mobility.People no longer have to depend on public transportation and they can go whether they want.However, opponents of this idea think that private cars make the situation of city traffic even worse.There are already so many traffic jams.What's more, so many private cars greatly pollute the air.As far as I'm concerned, the increasing number of private cars in a symbol of modernization of our country, but we should try to carry out some relative policies to put the use of private cars under firm control.Vocabulary:

mobility [məu'biləti] n.移动性；机动性；[电子] 迁移率 traffic jams 塞车；交通堵塞；交通拥堵

modernization [,mɔdənai'zeiʃən,-ni'z-] n.现代化

Love and Learning

恋爱和学习

Most students are often told by their teachers and parents that love is forbidden in high schools, yet there are still some student who fall in love.In their opinion, love can be regarded as a drive in their studies, and they study even harder with the help of their boyfriends or girlfriends.However, most teachers and parents maintain that love affairs will negatively influence high school students.They will no longer concentrate on their study once they fall in love with others.Additionally, high school students are not mature enough.Thet don't understand the true sense of love.I think high school students should be careful when talking about love.After all, they are not old enough and their main responsibility is to study hard in order to have a bright future.If you care for nothing but love, you will definitely be a loser in the end.Vocabulary:

fall in love 坠入爱河；爱上某人

love affairs 不正当的男女关系；谈情说爱

definitely ['definitli] adv.清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地

On Recreation 关于娱乐

It is impossible for us to keep fit unless we often take part in activities on recreation.One can not work well if he can not get active recreation.There are various kinds of games in our daily life after work.Many people like working and working because in their mind working is the most important thing.But we shouldn't sit too long in our office.It will be easy for our eyes and brain to get tired, even one listening to music, watching TV, or going to the cinema.So I think we have better have more outdoor activities to supply our muscles with exercise.For example, it is a good idea to play basketball, football, table tennis, go swimming and do some running, even go for a picnic.Our brain also needs changes to make us smart and active.Please bear the old saying in mind, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Only by taking proper entertainment can one have a wonderful life.Vocabulary:

dull [dʌl] adj.钝的；迟钝的；无趣的；呆滞的；阴暗的

Development and the Environment

发展和环境

With the development of industry, people are faced with the problem of a worsening environment.Fish are disappearing in many rivers and lots of green land is changing into desert.What are the causes of this? Firstly, too much development of natural resources has greatly damaged the balance of nature.Many people only focus on the economic profits, without considering any means of environmental protection.Secondly, the government hasn't taken any effective measures for the further development of the economy.Some departments only pay attention to their own benefit.I think economic development and environmental protection are equally important.While industry keeps developing, more money should be spent on improving the environment.Vocabulary:

worsening ['wə:səniŋ] v.恶化（worsen的ing形式）；使变得更坏

Practice Makes Perfect

熟能生巧

Nowadays many people complain about the poor achievements in study.Some eager to know other people's secret to success.Thinking they must have some special abilities in study.However they overlook the importance of practice.In fact, only by practicing a lot can we become skillful in doing everything.Do you know how a baby learns to speak? He practices its mother tongue day and night and finally becomes influent in it.So we should always remember that there is no shortcut to success.No one can become an expert without practicing a lot.We should first burn the hardship in our study and then we can enjoy the fruits of our efforts.Vocabulary: overlook [,əuvə'luk, 'əuvəluk] vt.忽略；俯瞰；远眺；检查；高耸于…之上

influent ['influənt] adj.流入的n.支流

My Views on Skyscrapers 我对摩天大厦的看法

In modern cities such as Beijing and shanghai we can find skyscrapers all around us.Now old streets and shabby small houses are disappearing out of our sight.People's living standards are getting better and better.While we are enjoying the happiness and convenience the new high buildings bring us, we find we are far away from nature.We are far away from our neighbors and we become even more lonely.Skyscrapers make us unable to breathe fresh air, unable to enjoy the sunlight and unable to talk with our neighbors as we used to.In some people's eyes skyscrapers can be regarded as a symbol of social progress.But for me I’m still longing for the small house where I spent my happy childhood.Vocabulary: shabby ['ʃæbi] adj.破旧的；卑鄙的；吝啬的；低劣的 out of sight 看不见；在视野之外；在看不见的地方

Going Abroad

出国

Recently many young people, even students in high schools, are dreaming of studying abroad.Attracted by the advanced science and technology, they are eager to go to foreign countries, thinking that they are bound to have a bright future.But the reality may not be as good as they have expected.Some high school students may find it difficult to get used to the new surroundings.Some can not put up with the poor living conditions.Some may give up their study because of lack of self-control.Very few of them can finish their study successfully.In my opinion,(I think)high school students should make their own decisions according to their different family backgrounds.But the most important thing is that they must be clear about their purpose in doing so and they should also have to prepare fully.44

The Dog Ah Fu 叫阿福的狗狗

One day my parents went to work in the fields.And my little sister and our dog called Ah Fu went with them.While my parents were working, my sister ran along the river and Ah Fu followed her.She found a flower in the water and was trying to pick it when she fell into the river.Ah Fu barked to my parents and then jumped into the water.When my parents ran to the river, they saw Ah Fu carrying my sister to the bank.My father, full of thanks, patted Ah Fu on the head.It was brave Ah Fu who saved my sister.Animals are friends of human beings sometimes.We should cherish them.Vocabulary: in the fields 3.在田地；在现场；在野外

pat [pæt] adj.恰好的；熟练的；合适的 adv.恰好；熟记地

The offender

罪犯

The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.With only one bicycle my brother had to sit behind me on the parcel rack.Both of us kept an eye out for the policeman, but to our surprise, a young man and a girl came up and stopped us at the crossroads.“We found you at long last,” they cried.However, we didn't know them.The young man seemed to read our thoughts and explained, “The policeman stopped us about half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.Now it's your turn.Don't leave until you catch the next.I hope that you don’t have to wait as long as we did.Good luck!”

Vocabulary: parcel ['pɑ:sl] n.包裹，小包 vt.打包；捆扎 rack [ræk] n.[机] 齿条；行李架；拷问台

My Spring Vacation

我的春假

The weather will get warmer with the coming of spring.People usually like to go for an outing at this time of the year.Up to now, I still remember one of my spring outings.It was a very interesting experience.One weekend, my schoolmates and I decided to visit a famous mountain.It was a bright and cheerful morning.We were singing and laughing all the way.Passing a large piece of green grassland at the foot of the mountain, we began to climb.We could see many beautiful flowers and oak trees on the mountainside.The mountain was quite high, but we finally reached the top.No sooner had we arrived at the top than it began to rain.From the mountain top, we could get a bird's eye view of the town.It looked so beautiful in the rain and mist.We also visited a temple there and had a talk with some monks, who told us about the history of the temple and Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism.When it was getting dark, we returned.Though I was tired that night, I was too excited to fall asleep.Vocabulary: Up to now 到目前为止

mist [mist] n.薄雾；视线模糊不清；模糊不清之物 Sakyamuni ['sɑ:kjəmuni] n.释迦牟尼

My First Day at Tsinghua Subordinate High School

我在清华附属中学的一天

It was on a warm autumn day that my elder brother and I walked into Tsinghua Subordinate High School.The strong dry wind was quite different from that in my hometown, which is usually mild.After registering in the senior section, a teacher took me to my dormitory.I put my luggage on the appointed bed and looked around.The room was not big, but clean with two tables and three bunk beds.Soon, two of my roommates arrived, too.They were glad to meet me and told me a lot about the school life there because they were already junior students of this school.We were busy the whole morning, talking and arranging things.I got acquainted with my new classmates very soon.My brother and I went downtown in the afternoon and walked around.Although I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye” to my brother, he had to leave for my hometown in the evening.At dusk, we went to a restaurant for our supper.Sitting face to face, I suddenly realized I had grown up and I had to look after myself and live independently.When I walked around on campus after dinner, I noticed many students were going to their classrooms to study.From then on, I knew my senior high school life had really begun.Vocabulary: mild [maild] adj.温和的；轻微的；淡味的；文雅的；不含有害物质的的 acquainted with 熟悉；了解；与…相识

A Good Lesson 一个好的教训

I'm always careless with what I'm doing.My mother warns me of the dangers, but I turned a deaf ear to her words.However, a fire once gave me a good lesson and made me correct my shortcomings of carelessness.One day, my parents were out, so I decided to prepare lunch for myself.As I was cooking in the kitchen, the telephone rang.I went to answer the call immediately.It was my closest friend Linda.We were talking and talking on the phone when the fire alarm sounded.I ran back to the kitchen, finding the room was full of smoke and the food was badly burnt.I quickly turned off the gas, opened all the windows and then went out of the house.To my surprise, two fire engines were outside my house.One of my neighbors called the fire brigade.I told the firemen it was my careless cooking that caused the heavy smoke.I was quite ashamed of myself and made up my mind to be careful with whatever I do from then on.Vocabulary: turned a deaf ear 充耳不闻；不加理睬；不愿听 fire brigade n.消防队

The Earth Day

地球日

April 22nd is the Earth Day.Our school organized a lot of activities to improve our environment.In the morning, some of us planted trees.Some picked up rubbish in the neighborhood or parks.Most of us also gave money to organizations that help to save forests and endangered animals.Several groups of the students went to the streets, telling passers-by how seriously our earth is damaged.Many rain forests are disappearing.A lot of wild animals are killed.By doing all these we would like everybody to know that we have only one earth and we should protect it.Saving the earth is saving ourselves.Vocabulary:

endangered [in'deindʒəd] adj.濒临灭绝的；有生命危险的

第三篇：四六级必背16篇短文!

四六级必背16篇短文！

一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。

Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon(or loong)a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena.The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation.To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞 来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。

Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces.The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid.During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko.Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.三、长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城 非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings!If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!Men often say, “He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.四、Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes.According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing.There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1)make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour;2)prepare the dumpling stuffing;3)make dumplings and boil them.With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times.There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”.During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings.To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括： 1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅 嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。

五、Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs.It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”.The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain.With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world.Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu(otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播 到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。

六、Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance.It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks.The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi”(otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit).Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training.It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe.The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing(Taijiquan), form and will boxing(Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm(Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中华民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道 家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳 艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。

七、Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things.After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time.The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters.Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc.Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth.The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“(the horizontal stroke)“│”(the vertical stroke), “(the left-falling stroke), “

＼

／

”

”(the right-falling stroke), and “乙”(the turning stroke).汉字是从原始人用以记 事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经 历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。

八、Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world.The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago.Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese.They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on.Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China.For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon.Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”.Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵”的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。

九、Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp.Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others.The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc.According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period(475BC-221BC).The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on;or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square.Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies.It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代 已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中特有的艺术形式之一。

十、Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years.The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui.The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai.After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn.In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle.The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now.according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。

十一、hinese Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China.It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China.At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China.Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance.Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting.The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan(young female), jing(painted face, male), and chou(clown, male or female).京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧 种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分 生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。

十二、Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China.The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period(770BC-476BC).Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic.Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature.The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way;The names that can be named are not unvarying names.It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang;The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind.Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences;He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养 性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

十三、Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions.Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice.An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word.Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters.For example, ziqiangbuxi(make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa(success comes with time and effort).Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings.Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国 成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。

十四、China is the home of silk.Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese.As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties(1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level.During the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication.From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations.Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。

十五、The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture.It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape.The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

十六、The Four Treasures of the Study The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago.In the Qin Dynasty(221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes.During the Han Dynasty(206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink.After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out.The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink.After the Song Dynasty(960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province;huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province;xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province;and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province(Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou).Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is.笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨 替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。“文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。

第四篇：认真读短文

二.认真读短文，你一定能回答下面的问题。(10%)羊妈妈收菜

羊妈妈带着小羊到菜园去收菜。

他们走到萝卜地里，羊妈妈拔了一个萝卜。小羊要吃萝卜叶子。羊妈妈说：“萝卜的根最好吃。”

他们走到白菜地里。羊妈妈拔了一棵小白菜。小羊要吃白菜的根。羊妈妈说：“白菜的叶子才好吃呢!”

他们走到西红柿地里。小羊要吃西红柿的叶子。羊妈妈说：“

1.从文中你看到谁 去收菜。(2分)

2.它们到了哪些地方?(3分)

3.填空。(3分)

西红柿的（）好吃。白菜的（）好吃。

4.你平时喜欢劳动吗?为什么?(2分)

答：

三.看图写话。(10%)

要吃西红柿的果实呀!”

第五篇：语文读背材料

2019届高三语文读背材料

（一）点燃生命的光

筱 理《人民日报》（2018年10月10日05版）

【人物】守护弃婴的“妈妈”徐朴

【故事】徐朴记不清自己做了多少次“母亲”，而那些她怀抱里的孩子，大多是因患有严重脑瘫、脑积水、先天无肛、唐氏综合征等疾病而被遗弃的婴儿。40岁时，她辞去了无线通信领域某知名外企研发总监的职位，和朋友一起创办公益组织“朴质公益”，致力于弃婴生存状态的改善。他们给这些孩子筹措手术费用、四处联系医院、找医生，也把孩子抱在怀里，一遍遍亲吻和安抚，减轻孩子的病痛。有人如此评价做了十几年公益的徐朴：“她做了母亲乘以一百倍的工作，也有着母亲乘以一百倍的力量。”

【点评】

作为母亲，有一种自然而然的伟大力量，去护佑自己的孩子。因为母亲的身份，而让这份母爱无限放大，“幼吾幼，以及人之幼”，连那些并非亲生的婴儿，都如同自己身上掉下来的肉。这就是为弃婴们寻找生存尊严、传递生命温度的徐朴，一个被称为“一百次成为母亲”的母亲。

在徐朴身上，有三股力量，凝聚成把孩子从生死边缘拉回来的合力。一个是专业，看护身患疾病的孩子，需要较高的专业知识水平，绝不仅仅止于“做好事”。另一个是情绪，心疼但不流泪、心酸但能坚忍，起码在孩子面前都是笑脸与阳光，这是追求“快乐”，而非消费悲苦。还有一个则是团队，众人拾柴火焰高，徐朴带动丈夫、身边人一起参与，虽然一个运营了两年多的养护点被关闭了，但孩子们让他们的生命“像上了发条”一样，不会也不能停下来。

其实，孩子本身就是一股力量，一股看得见、摸得到的成长力量。一个严重唇腭裂的男孩，刚开始，“鼻子和嘴巴都连在一起”，经过养护和手术，犹如“再造了一个生命”。有些孩子能像普通人一样笑得自然了，有些孩子“从胳膊细得不敢碰到白白胖胖的”，有些孩子则进入收养家庭开始了全新生活„„他们的改变与成长，也是一种力量，还有什么比让这些孩子活下去并且活得有尊严、有活力，更能照见生命的希望与美好呢？

不忍他人孤苦无助，所以要笃定相帮；不忍他人遭受白眼，所以营建一个温暖的港湾；不忍他人被贴上“活不长”的标签，所以没有办法也要想办法给出温暖怀抱。这样的不忍之中，有一种人性之善、人性之美。徐朴把自己给了孩子们，老师李芳用身体给学生挡车，台风“山竹”来袭时那些逆风而行的救援者„„这些普普通通的人们，用自觉行动、无声付出，诠释了人与人之间的关爱。是他们，点燃生命的光，也必将照亮这个世界。

一桥通三地，发展趁“涨潮”

陈 凌《 人民日报 》（2018年10月24日 05 版）

港珠澳大桥的开通，为粤港澳大湾区建设疏通了“主动脉”，为将粤港澳大湾区建设成为更具活力的经济区域打开了无限可能

上午在广州“叹早茶”，下午“刷卡”过关去澳门吃个葡挞，晚上去维多利亚港欣赏香港夜景„„这样的美好憧憬，如今就要变为现实。10月23日上午，港珠澳大桥开通仪式在广东省珠海市举行，总书记出席仪式并宣布大桥正式开通。往来粤港澳将如走街串巷般方便，“大湾区时代”加速到来。

“多年的等待终于等到你”“再远的距离也不再遥不可及”“想去大桥拍日落，想去大桥看白海豚”„„网友的留言，道出了三地市民对大桥开通的热切期盼。一直以来，珠江西岸与香港之间因伶仃洋相隔，缺少直接的陆路通道，只能走海运或绕行珠江东岸。大桥的建成通车，让珠江西岸与香港首次

实现直接陆路相连。交通效率的变化，引起时空的变化。以前，从珠海、澳门到香港，陆路车程需要3个小时之久，如今只需不到1个小时。港珠澳大桥的开通，极大便利了三地之间的交通往来，也拉近了三地市民的距离。正如总书记所言，“这是一座圆梦桥、同心桥、自信桥、复兴桥。”

俗语说：路通则人通，人通则财通。大桥的开通，不仅提升了交通效率，更带来了新的发展机遇。以物流为例，香港贸易发展局曾发布研究报告指出，内地的珠江西岸仓储用地充裕、人工成本较低、产业配套设施齐全，但仓库租金远低于香港和珠江东岸。借助港珠澳大桥，在珠江西岸地区建立仓储分拨中心，将极大降低物流成本。换言之，作为连接珠江西岸和香港的纽带，港珠澳大桥的开通，将有效扩大香港机场和货柜码头的腹地，这既能刺激珠江西岸地区物流服务的快速增长，也将进一步巩固香港的贸易中心和物流枢纽地位，可谓双赢。再以旅游业为例，大桥开通后，三地通关更加便利，“一程多站”旅游产品的推广，既能带动香港、珠海旅游的发展，也将不断充实澳门作为“世界旅游休闲中心”的功能。优势互补、互利共赢，看得见、摸得着，不少企业家已经跃跃欲试。

不仅如此，港珠澳大桥的开通，还将为大湾区成长为中国经济新的增长极提供重要支撑。港珠澳大桥未开通之前，由于珠江口的天然阻隔和跨江通道不足，香港对珠江西岸的产业辐射能力有限，珠江东西两岸经济发展存在失衡，甚至有人因此感叹，“珠江口上烟波愁”。而大桥开通后，香港的经济辐射范围，将从原先的向北、向东，进一步向西延伸。有研究机构测算，珠三角城市与香港的陆运距离每减少1%，制造业与服务业的外资投入金额能分别增加0.2%和0.7%。就广东而言，港珠澳大桥的开通，将加快香港的金融资本、人才和先进经验向珠江西岸集聚，让珠江东、西两岸的经济发展更加平衡；而从香港、澳门来看，与内地的联通，不仅为港澳拓展了发展空间，也为抢抓“一带一路”建设机遇、融入国家发展大局，提供了重要契机。天南明珠一线连，港珠澳大桥的开通，为粤港澳大湾区建设疏通了“主动脉”，为将粤港澳大湾区建设成为更具活力的经济区域打开了无限可能。

站在珠海滨海大道情侣路上，远远就能望见港珠澳大桥珠海公路口岸，整个口岸外形按照“如意”造型设计，寓意“一地三通，如意牵手”。正如珠江口老渔民所熟知的一句谚语，“开船要趁涨潮”。如今，粤港澳大湾区建设大潮正涌，三地深化合作大势已成，珠江口岸将书写新的发展故事、谱写新的繁荣传奇。

高中语文必修一文化常识

《左传》：我国第一部叙事详尽的编年体史书，相传是春秋末年鲁国史官左丘明所作。全称《春 秋左氏传》，别称《左氏春秋》，和《公羊传》《谷梁传》合称“春秋三传”。

晋侯、秦伯：分别指晋文公和秦穆公。周朝时期，受分封诸侯的爵位共有五等，分别为公、侯、伯、子、男，由此可见当时晋国的级别比秦国要高。

子：在文中是对男子的尊称，相当于现在的“您”。在古汉语中，用作第二人称的敬称代词主 要有“子”“君”“公”“阁下”“卿”“殿下”“足下”等。

寡人：通常用作古代君主的自称，意为“寡德之人”，表示自谦，在春秋战国时期使用较为普 遍。

执事：办事的官吏，也用于对对方的敬称。

大夫：官职等级名。夏商周时，官分卿、大夫、士三级，大夫又分上、中、下三等。后来成为 对有官位者的通称。

《战国策》：中国古代的一部历史学名著。它是一部国别体史书，又称《国策》。由西汉刘向 所整理编写，共33篇，分为十二策。《国语》是第一部国别体史书。

卿：古代对人的敬称。如燕人称荆轲为荆卿。

祖：临行祭路神，引申为饯行和送别。

徵：古代音乐分宫、商、角、徵、羽、变宫、变徵七音。变徵是徵的变调，音调悲凉；羽，声 调激愤。

中庶子：管理国君的车马之类的官。郎中：宫廷的侍卫。民间又称医生。

箕踞：坐在地上，两腿张开，形象像箕，是一种轻慢傲视对方的姿态。

东向：在中国古代，君臣议事于朝廷之上，是以向南的座位为尊的。但在宾主之间，一般以向 东的座位为尊，其次是向南的座位，再其次是向北的座位，最末位是向西的座位，因此古人常常以请人东向坐来表示对人的尊敬。

籍：项羽的名，自称名表示对对方的尊重。在古代，名和字是有着严格的区别的。名一般指人 的姓名或单指名，一般在出生几个月后由父亲命名。字是20岁举行加冠仪式以后才起的，是对名的解释和补充，对名有表述、阐明的作用。

亚父：对年长者的尊敬称呼，表示仅次于父亲。

参乘：坐在车右侍卫的人，又叫陪乘。古代乘车之法，尊者居左，驭者居中，陪乘者居右，负 责行车安全。

《史记》：我国第一部纪传体通史，上起传说中的黄帝，下到汉武帝。分本纪、世家、列传、书、表五类，共130篇，50余万字。本纪记帝王，世家述诸侯，列传叙人臣，书记礼、乐、音律、历法、天文、封禅、水利等，表记各个时期的简单大事记。鲁迅评价该书为“史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》”

关中：函谷关以西，今陕西一带。

季父：叔父。古代兄弟或姊妹间长幼排序为伯、仲、叔、季。河：特指黄河。江，特指长江。

竖子：骂人的话，相当于“小子”。（与《荆轲刺秦王》的“竖子”结合起来理解）

古代诗歌阅读答题技巧

一、形象鉴赏“三步骤”

1、鉴赏景物形象“三步骤”

①描绘诗中展现的图景画面。抓住诗中的主要景物，再现画面。描述时，一要忠实于原诗，二要运用联想和想象加以再创造，语言力求优美。

②概括景物营造的氛围特点。一般用两个双音节词即可，例如孤寂冷清、恬静优美、雄浑壮阔、萧瑟凄凉、明净绚丽、幽静深寂等，注意要能准确地体现景物的特点和情调。常用术语:寥廓、雄奇、开阔、旷远、悲壮、悲凉、凄清、阴冷、幽静、萧条、荒凉、衰败、孤寂、恬静、闲适、缠绵、清新、明丽、绚丽、壮丽、秀美、恬淡、朦胧、淡雅。

③分析诗人表现的思想感情。切忌空洞，要答具体。比如仅答“表达了诗人感伤的情怀”是不行的，应答出为什么而“感伤”。

2、鉴赏事物形象“三步骤”

①概括物黎的基本特征(自然属性)。这一步主要是提炼体现物象特征的词语，概括物象的外在特色，挖掘物象内在的品格和精神。

②连接“物”的特点与“人”的品格。这一步主要是将“物”与“人”之间的相似点或相关点连接起来。

③点出物象的意义(社会属性)。这一步主要是明确诗人借助物象所抒发的感情或表现的寓意，要注意联系诗人的经历或相关背景。

3、鉴赏人物形象“三步骤”

①定位诗歌塑造的人物形象的基本身份，概括人物形象的特征。组织语言的一般格式为:“思想性格特征十人物身份(是什么)。”

②结合诗句分析形象的基本特征(性格、品格)，分点说明、概括(为什么)，切忌以译代析。③总结形象意义。就是分析形象中诗人所寄寓的思想感情或蕴含的哲理。可用一句话概括总述，也可以放到步骤②里合答。

二、语言鉴赏三步骤

1、炼字

①用一两句话准确表明该字在诗句中的准确含义。②结合诗的有关内容具体分析该字所描述的景象。

③适当展开联想和想象，说说该字营造了怎样的意境，或表达了怎样的感情等。

2、炼句

①点明该句的句式特点(构思技巧、修辞手法、描写手法等)。②分析诗句内容(展开联想描述景象)。

③点情境/表感情/谈作用(点出该句描绘了怎样的情境，或表达了怎样的感情，或在表情达意中有何效果或作用)。

3、语言风格

①明特色。用一两个词准确概括语言特色。常用术语:冲淡、工丽、绚丽、直率、婉约、明快、自然、清幽、雄奇、豪放、悲慨、凝练、沉郁。

②举例析。结合诗中有关诗句具体分析这种特色。一般可从意象、手法、境界等角度展开分析。③点效果。指出这一特色在传情达意上有什么作用，产生了怎样的艺术效果。

三、表达技巧鉴赏三步骤

1、答题步骤：

①准确指出诗歌所使用的表达技巧。②结合诗句内容阐释该技巧的具体运用。③指出该技巧的表达效果。

2、常见技巧

①修辞手法:比喻、拟人、夸张、对偶、借代、排比、设问、反问、反复等。②抒情手法:直抒胸臆、借景抒情、寓情于景、情景交融、托物言志等。③描写手法:动静结合、虚实结合、细节描写、正侧结合、远近高低结合等。

④表现手法:比兴、衬托、烘托、渲染、对比、用典、象征、联想、想象、以小见大等。⑤构思技巧:铺垫、照应、抑扬、曲笔入题、卒章显志、以景结情等。