第一篇：2018年北邮英语3期末考试复习题
中译英
短语
1．慢慢来/不着急---take one’s time 2． 有机会/有希望---stand a chance 3． 分坐这人的两边---sit on either side of the man 4． 被正式指控---be officially charged 5． 将这人送上法庭---take the man to the court 6． 对这一事件满不在乎---be unconcerned with the matter 7． 积攒钱买一辆汽车---save up some money for a new car 8． 与警察发生纠纷---be in trouble with the policeman 9． 有犯罪记录/ 有前科---have a criminal record 10． 找一份临时的工作---look for a temporary job
1.吸取教训---learn one’s lesson
2.熬夜备课--stay up preparing lessons 3.谋生---earn one’s living 4.记日记---keep diaries 5.邮寄包裹---send the parcel off 6.歇口气---catch one’s breath 7.漏掉了两行---leave out two lines 8.创办公司---set up a corporation 9.指点迷津---point out a pathway 10.激发学生学习的兴趣---stimulate students’ interest in their studies
1.妨碍某人---stand in one’s way
2.抑制强烈的感情---hold back the strong emotions 3.强做笑颜---manage a weak smile 4.函授课程---correspondence courses 5.寻求安慰---seek comfort 6.一往无前的勇气---courage to go ahead 7.做一份全职工作---hold a full time job 8.写信索取商品---send away for goods 9.感到尴尬/手足无措---feel out of place 10.把她搂在怀里---put the arms around her
1.不紧张/不急---take it easy 2.阻止他航海---keep him from sailing 3.消失不见---go out of sight 4.降低出生率---bring down birth rate 5.动辄为小事哭泣---cry easily at little things 6.在酸性条件下生存---exist in an acid condition 7.量体温---take one’s temperature 8.驱散人群---scatter the crowd 9.一动不动盯着床脚---stare still at the foot of the bed 10.对飞碟计划漠不关心---be detached from the flying saucer program
1.有助于健康---contribute to one’s health 2.着手造船---go about building a boat 3.归因于罢工---be due to the strike 4.逃避现实---escape from real life 5.用煤气代替煤---substitute gas for coal 6.一事无成---never amount to anything 7.被视为浪费时间---be viewed as a waste of time 8.持新的见解---take a fresh look at 9.把自己想象成为科学家---picture oneself as a scientist 10.功成名就/如愿以偿---turn you into your heart’s desire
句子
1.我们的火车订于 9:30 到北京。
Our train is due in Beijing at 9:30。2．如果有机会他本可以成为科学家。
Given the chance, he might have become a scientist 3.令人吃惊的是，他与之说话的那位干部竟然是个贪官。
To his surprise, it turned out that the cadre he spoke to was a corrupt official.4． 由于身体虚弱并且一只耳聋，他从未有机会得到餐馆招待员的工作。
Weak and deaf in one ear, he never stood a chance of getting the job of waiter 5． 我们是去长城还是呆在家里取决于明天的天气。Whether we go to the Great Wall or stay at home will depend on tomorrow’s weather 6． 我在找一份临时的工作，以便攒点钱交房租。
I'm looking for a temporary job so that I can save up some money for the rent.7． 毫无疑问他在撒谎。
There is no doubt that he is lying 8． 你可以慢慢来还我借给你的钱。
You may take your time over the money I lent you 9． 令他遗憾的是，那些原来支持他的人现在都转而反对他。
To his regret, those who were once for him have turned against him.2 10． 这位经理承认在得到金表后还收过金钱贿赂。
The manager admitted to having been bribed with offers of money, subsequent to receiving a gold watch.1.我之所以教书并不是因为我觉得教书轻松。
I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.2.跑到医院后，我坐下来缓口气。
After running to the hospital, I sat down to catch my breath.3.这场大雪迫使我们改变了工作计划。
The heavy snow compelled us a change of working plan.4.老板决定给工人们增加工资, 以便激励工人更努力工作。
The boss decided to increase the workers’ pay so as to stimulate them to work harder.5.当他看见老师走进教室，赶快转移了话题。
When he saw the teacher coming into the classroom he switched his conversation 3 to a different topic.6.我们之间的良好关系建立在信任的基础上。
The good relationship between us is built on trust.7.偶而喝酒比习惯性喝酒的害处小得多。
The occasional drinking of liquor is much less harmful than habitual use.8.经过仔细调查后，委员会决定翻修老房子。
After a careful investigation, the committee decided to renovate the old house.9.他们去钓鱼几个小时，但回来时两手空空。
They went fishing for hours, but they returned empty-handed.10.当他转过街角，他发现自己被一个穿制服的警察跟上了。
When he turned the corner, he found himself trailed by a policeman in uniform.1.没多久迈拉便学会了打字并得到了那份工作。
It wasn’t long before Myra had learned to type and finally she got the job.2.没什么大不了的，只是一支点着的香烟把我的新裙子烧了一个洞。
Nothing important.Just that a lit cigarette burned a hole in my new skirt.3.警方警告人们节日期间提防扒手。
The police warned people to be on guard against pickpockets during the festival.4.你在这工作一两周后，你就会了解这新工作的。
You will catch on to the new job after you’ve been here a couple of weeks.5.约翰的技术使他有资格担任这一工作。John’s skills qualify him for the job.6.她尽力想控制自己的感情，但却做不到。
She tried to hold back her emotions but couldn’t/failed.7.不管你做什么，我都不会妨碍你的。
Whatever you do, I will not stand in your way.8.事情忙的时候，孩子们经常在父亲的店里帮忙。
The children always help out in their father’s store when everything is busy.9.尽管他们有不少钱，但他们继续这样大手大脚的话，很快就会缺钱花的。Much money as they have, they will run out of it if they spend it so freely.10.汤姆吃饭时总爱独自占有整个桌子。
Tom would like to have a table to himself when at dinner.1.别着急，成不了优等生也没什么大不了的。
Take it easy.It’s nothing important if you can’t be the top student in the class.2.我宁愿住在乡下也不愿住在拥挤的市中心，呼吸污染的空气。
I would rather live in the countryside than in the crowded city center to breathe the polluted air.3.这药在治疗癌症上作用不大。
The medicine is of little use in dealing with cancer.4.超市降低价格，以便吸引更多的顾客。
Supermarkets brought down prices in order to attract more customers.5.虽然他非常生气，仍在极力控制自己。
Though he was very angry, he held tight onto himself.6.对于学校松弛的纪律她感到很震惊。
She was shocked at the slack discipline in the school.7.自从她儿子去世后，她就对周围所有的事情漠然处之。
She has been detached from anything around her since her son died.8.一看到那只猫出来了，老鼠吓得四散奔逃。
On seeing the cat come out, the mice were frightened to scatter.9.流感康复期间，你应该避免淋湿或过度劳累。
While recovering from influenza you should keep from getting wet or over-tired.10.客人来访时她只得避不露面。
She had to keep out of sight when guests came to visit.1． 有些人要工作很长时间才能实现自己的目标。
Some people must work a long time before their goals.2． 外地来京打工的民工们为北京的建设做出了很大的贡献。
Peasant workers who came to work in Beijing have contributed a lot to the capital’s development.3． 老师建议我们每天花些时间将自己想要达到的目标投射到心灵的屏幕上。
The teacher suggested that we take time every day to project our desired goals onto the screen in our minds.4． 我休假期间，乔治代替我的工作。
When I went on vacation, George worked as my substitute.5． 白日做梦被看作是浪费时间。
Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time 6． 我希望你不要干涉他的教学工作。I hope you will not interfere with his teaching work.7． 在阳光下阅读将影响你的视力。
Reading in the sun will affect your eyesight.8． 汤米忽视了睡前刷牙。
Tommy neglected brushing his teeth before going to bed.9． 我的侄子做事太粗心了，我认为他不会取得多少成就。
My nephew does everything so carelessly that I don’t see how he can ever amount to much.10 专家建议我们饭后散步十分钟，那会对身体健康有好处。
Experts recommend we take a ten-minute walk after meals, which will do good to our health.阅读练习
31.Robert Bruce was a famous Scottish general。In the..（BACCA）32.The weather seems to be everybody's favorite topic（DACBC）
33.A man came into a pet shop carrying a parrot in a bird cage（CBABD）34.A story is told about a soldier who was finally coming home（BDABB）35.Americans with small families own a small car or a large one（DABCA）36.My husband and I got married in 1981 and for the first ten years（BCCBD）37.A tired-looking young lady went into the doctor's office（CABCD）38.We say that a person has good manners if he or she behaves（CCDAB）39.Tom saw an advertisement in a newspaper for a beautiful（BCDCD）40.Mr.Perkin stood at the bus-stop and watched the cars go by（DABAC）41.Many teenagers feel that the most important people in（ADDAB）42.There are different ideas about pets in different parts of the（AABDC）43.The first Monday in September is Labor Day in the United States（CDAAC）44.If you ask most Americans, they would say their favorite（DDCAD）45.Before refrigerators, homes usually had ice boxes（DBCAC）46.The seventeenth International AIDS Conference opened（CDBCC）47.Scientists in the United States have developed（CDAAD）48.Credit cards let people buy things now and pay（BCCBB）49.Last week, Bill Gates retired from（ACCCC）50.Almost everybody likes to play（DBCAC）51.Seven weeks after the powerful（CDDBC）52.• Kylie Grayden, 17, of Shorewood（BBDAC）
53.Parents and children may rush through their（CCDAB）54.Hawaii is dropping the only state universal（DCDAB）55.The Siemens Foundation holds a Mathematics（DCDBA）56.Today, as in every other day of the year（BDBDB）57.As the pace of life continues to increase（DADBC）
58.In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied（CBDCC）59.Treasure hunts have excited people's（DCBCB）60.There are two factors which determine（BCBCC）
完型
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Jack lost(丢 失)his job last week（1-5:DBCCB 6-10:ADBAD）Once, three fishes lived in a pond.One evening（1-5: DACBB 6-10:CABCD）We were going to play against a team（1-5: CDDAD 6-10: ABCAB）Once there was a boy in Toronto（1-5:DACDB 6-10: ABACD）Monday is the beginning of the week（1-5:ACDBB 6-10: DCAAA）I first saw the baby panda when she（1-5: BCADC 6-10:CDABA）One day John and Bill were fishing（1-5:BDCBC 6-10:CADCD）Billy is a boy of fifteen（1-5: ACDAD 6-10: ABDCB）
Many years ago there was a poor man（1-5: BACBA 6-10: CBDDC）
挑错练习
1.He invited me to go to a party and I did not want to join him that evening.2.The information which she was injured in the accident was given by Liz 3.Look at the beautiful flowers here!How wonderful they are smelling 4.Dear Helen, please forgive him for his rudeness, can you 5.Did anyone inform you with the change of the schedule that 6.Despite his old age, he is still very healthful and often works 7.This equipment is based upon advanced techniques and it is highly 8.It is about time that we go to supper, for we still have a meeting 9.Every now and then he would come here paying a visit to his old aunt 10.The passengers saw the thief stole on the bus, but they didn’t say 11.Have you noticed her coat is wet? She must be caught in the rain 12.Teenagers always long for the time which they are able to be 13..Since the injury is bad, the doctors will operate him immediately.14.Let's hurry up and try to get to the railway station in time, can we 15.He refused joining us last Saturday night.Don't you think it strange 16.Some old beautiful Italian oil paintings are being displayed 17.If you had been there, I'm sure you would have enjoyed to see 18.On seeing the boy fell into the river, she sprang to her feet 19.Traditionally, work determines our way of life.But if 98 percent of us don't need A B C 6 to work, what are we going to do with oneself? 20.Only by practice will you be able to improve your speaking English 21.Two woman teachers and four girl students were praised at the meeting 22.After she got married, Lily went to see her mother each other week 23.There will be more than three hundreds students taking part 24.While shopping, people sometimes can’t help persuading into buying 25.We are all for your proposal that the discussion is to be put off 26.Factory workers had to work very hard before, so had farmers 27.He finds it easier to do the cooking himself than teaching his wife 28.There was too much dust that we couldn’t see what was happening 29.The boy did not have to leave the he got his visa extending 30.What does Mr.Johnson like? He’s a friendly sort of man
31.The reporter was very pleased allowed him to ask few questions 32.He tried to learn Greek but soon got tired of it and gave up it 33.With the sun setting, we stopped working, putting away our tools 34.Polite manners in China demand that a person stands up when anyone 35.This is the sportsman whom everyone says will win the gold medal 36.I heard that you really had a wonderful birthday Party, hadn’t you? 37.E-mail as well as mobile telephones are becoming more and more 38.They are going to have the servicemen installed an electric fan 39.Mary found it difficult to talk calmly about which she 40.Lesson Three is the most difficult lesson, but it isn’t the most 41.Those of us who work in chemical laboratories should have their lungs 42.Neither John and his father was able to wake up early enough to catch 43.He wished he didn't tell her the truth that brought her so much pain 44.The room, which window faces the south, is the nicest one of all on 45.He is a true friend of mine, whom I can always depend whenever I get 46.Let's go and watch that new movie at eight tonight, won't we 47.It is very important that the students' voice is heard by the 48.This is such a beautiful day that everyone around us feel like going 49.We saw a big dog that was fierce and felt frightened in our way home 50.As time went on, that he was forced giving up his business
词汇选择练习题
1.It __________that the necklace was made of glass.A.turned out B.made out C.looked out D.took out 2.___________, he can finish the work in a couple of weeks.A.Giving good health B.If give good health C.Given good health D.If he is good given health 3.___________ to speak at the meeting, I couldn’t very well refuse.A.Called up B.Called off C.Called at D.Called on
4.The poor police had never __________ of winning.A.made a chance B.took a chance C.stood a chance D.kept a chance 5.If our neighbor continues to refuse to keep his dog under control, we have to take him to ___________.A.solicitor B.brush C.prisoner D.court 6.I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make ___________.A.a bunch B.a pair C.a flock D.a pack 7.In the past few years my aunt ___________ enough money to buy a house.A.has saved up B.has kept up C.has set up D.has saved aside 8.Our train is __________ in Beijing at 9 a.m.A.late B.due C.early 9.A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were _______.A.settled B.committed C.dismissed D.proposed 10.___________ I thought he was joking, but then I realized he was serious.A.At least B.At leisure C.At first D.At my best 11.He tried in vain to _________ the students __________ their professors.A.turn…against B.turn…to C.turn…out D.turn back 12.The police _________ the driver with drunken driving.A.concluded B.charged C.tracked D.outraged 13.The lady was expecting a baby in a__________ of months.A.pair B.couple C.bunch D.few 14.The sudden snowstorm during the night _________ my decision not to leave.A.discovered B.inquired C.charged D.confirmed 15.Just ________ your time and tell me clearly what happened at the meeting yesterday.A.save B.get C.take D.spare 1._________ because I was tired of learning.A.Due to my leaving college B.To leave college C.No matter how I left college D.I didn’t leave college
2.She took detailed __________ of what the teachers had discussed at the meeting.A.notes B.diary C.breath D.items 3.He __________ late writing his term paper.A.stayed out B.stayed away C.stayed behind D.stayed up
4.Medical scientists __________ finding a cure for cancer since 1960s.A.have been working out B.have been working C.have been working on 5.You __________ an important detail in your report of the accident.A.left behind B.fished out C.left out D.made out 6.I teach because teaching is a profession _________ change.A.building on B.built on C.building of D.built of 7.After running to the bus-stop, I sat down to __________.A.out of breath B.catch breath C.catch my breath D.lose my breath 8.She wrote articles and __________ to the Evening Paper.A.sent for them B.sent them off C.sent them out D.sent off them 9.Many young girls like to __________ for recording their private thoughts and feelings.A.keep a diary B.keep a secret C.keep a promise 10.Tom started as an engineering student, but he __________ English because he liked it.A.switched off B.switched on C.switched on to D.switched to
11.I’m _________ that he is innocent in the whole affair.A.convincing B.believed C.believing D.convinced
12.I prefer to work in an ___________ environment where there are good libraries and cultural facilities.A.urban B.rural C.suburb D.area 13.The statement about the mad cow disease constituted a direct _________ to the British government.A.instruction B.permission C.challenge 14.He was ___________ by illness to drop out of school.A.prompted B.encouraged C.compelled D.promoted 15.Jeanne has decided on law as her _________.She wants to become a civil rights lawyer and help the poor.A.employment B.business C.profession 1.It was not long __________ the news spread and people from all over the country came to visit the village.A.before B.when C.until D.after 2.—I saw Alice in tears yesterday.What happened to her? —Nothing important.__________ a lit cigarette burned a hole in her new skirt.A.Just for B.Just that C.Just because D.Only because 3.After hearing the news, I could not ____________ my work that whole afternoon.A.concentrate in B.set minds to C.set my mind on D.set my 4.You’ll ___________ to the job after you have been here a week or two.A.catch up B.catch to C.catch on D.catch with 5.The police warned people to be _________ for pickpockets during the Christmas rush.A.at guard B.on ears C.guard our attention D.on guard 6.She had had no training, but that ___________.A.didn’t stand in her way B.standing out of way C.moved from her way D.stood away the 7.While my wife and my children were away for the long weekend, __________.A.I alone in the house B.I alone had a house C.I had the entire house to myself 8.All our supply of food has __________.A.pass out B.out run C.run out D.run up 9.The children _________ in their father’s shop when things are busy.A.help to B.help on C.help away D.help out 10.In the West, people often __________ for mail-order goods, which can save a lot of time.A.sent out B.order C.send D.send away
11.__________ teaching in the school, Jane gives piano lessons to some children at home.A.Except B.In addition to C.But D.In addition 12.His excellent educational background _________ him for the job.A.qualifies B.promises C.encourages D.leads 13.When she learned that her son was killed in battle, the Mexican woman ___________ her tears with much difficulty.A.held back B.held up C.held out D.take back 14.If you think you can do the job, don’t hesitate, just __________.A.go away B.go over C.go ahead D.go off 15.It was under __________ that he agreed to resign from the committee.A.failure B.pressure C.control D.influence 16.Mr.Tyler used to eat with a napkin __________ under his chin.A.tighten B.slip C.issued D.tucked
17.The students experience severe __________ as final exams draw near.A.control B.pressure C.tension D.reaction 18.I little understood the pressure __________ her.A.on B.in C.at D.against 19.He ___________ that half an hour would be enough for him to get to the station, but he simply forgot that it was the rush hour.A.realized B.assumed C.admitted D.acknowledge 20.The police warned the children not to __________ the madman.A.approach B.beyond C.replace D.enroll
1.I knocked several times __________ an old man answered the door.A.as B.when C.while D.before
2.The medicine is __________ in dealing with cancer.A.little of use B.of little use C.of useful D.for little use 3.He was so _________ from things around him that I wondered whether he did listen to what I said just now.A.separated B.detached C.dispatched 4.Mrs.Smith went on a diet and in three months ___________ her weight to 100 pounds.A.brought back B.brought up C.brought down 5.What shall I do to ________ this _________ getting dirty? A.from…keeping B.keep…from C.keeping…from D.keep…on 6.I would _________ play tennis than football.A.quite B.simply C.rather D.like 7.They waved to one another till the train was __________.A.out of stock B.out of order C.out of sight D.out of action 8.I told the boy to __________.A.take easy B.take easily C.take it easy D.take it easily 9.Relax a bit.Don’t hold tight _________ yourself like that.A.to B.onto C.at D.into 10.Paul followed the doctor’s __________ as to when to give his son medicines.A.consideration B.conclusion C.regulation D.instruction 11.My relatives are ___________ all over the country.A.scattered B.excluded C.separated D.dispatched 12.Jane is __________ with cold so that her teeth are chattering.A.shaking B.shivering C.quaking D.shocking 13.Mary _________ with embarrassment when she couldn’t answer the question.A.shivered B.worried C.flushed D.scattered 14.The road was so slippery when the snow was frozen into ice that I nearly _______ down the mountain slope.A.tumbled B.slid C.walked D.stumbled 15.She felt __________ and did nothing but sleep the whole day.A.slack B.the slack C.slacking D.slackly
1._________ and they will take a mile.A.Give them an inch B.As Giving them an inch C.To give them an inch D.Give an inch them 2.The Americans spend Christmas Day __________ that the Europeans do.A.in much the way same B.in much the same way C.in more the same way 3.Fruits and vegetables __________ to our health greatly.A.tribute B.improved C.contribute D.led up 4.Daydreaming was __________ a waste of time.A.viewing B.taken C.viewed as D.impressed 5.I hope you will not _________ his work.A.communicate with B.compare with C.interfere with D.live with 6.You’ll never _________ anything if you spend your time that way!A.amount for B.accommodate with C.amount to D.accuse of 7.I wrote to ask him how he was getting along _________ his colleagues.A.with B.in C.to D.on 8.We must ___________ about our work or we’ll fall behind the schedule.A.bring B.go C.set D.come 9.Unfortunately, he died before his wish to be an astronaut could _________.A.come to B.come out C.come up D.come true
10.Johnney has been warned time and again that reading in bed will ________ his eyesight, but he just won’t listen.A.influence B.affect C.effect D.interfere 11.It seems to me that I have been __________ my duty.A.overlooking B.concealing C.neglecting D.ignoring 12.Great efforts are needed before we can __________ our goal of economic reform.A.acquire B.obtain C.attain D.gain 13.As it turned out, the speaker was shout down by the _________ crowd.A.hostile B.cold C.friendly D.hospitable 14.The quickest ___________ of travel is by plane.A.route B.technique C.means D.method 15.Guesswork is no ___________ for investigation.A.goal B.project C.achievement D.substitute
第二篇：北邮大学英语2答案
一、完形填空（共1道小题，共50.0分）
1.(错误)
I first saw the baby panda when she was only 10 days old.She looked like a white mouse.We ____1___her Xi Wang.It means “hope”.When Xi Wang was born, she weighed____2___100 grams.Xi Wang drank her mother’s milk for as much as 14 hours a day.When she was six months old, she started to eat bamboo shoots(嫩芽)and ____3____.Eight months later, she was not a small baby any more.She grew into a____4___young panda and weighed 35 kilos.When Xi Wang was 20 months old, she had to look after herself _____5___ her mother had another baby.____6_____, it is very difficult for pandas to live in the wild.Here are some of the _____7____that pandas like Xi Wang may have in the future.If hunters catch a panda, they will kill it for its fur.If farmers____8____trees and forests, pandas will have no place to live in.When mothers leave baby pandas alone, people will often take them away.People think that the baby pandas need ____9_____.If pandas are in danger, we should try our best to protect them.If we do____10_____, soon there will be no more pandas in the world!��
a.A.made B.called C.told D.kept 学生答
B;案: b.A.quite B.mostly
标准答
B
案: C.just D.very 学生答案: B;c.A.leaves B.vegetables C.trees D.chips 学生答案: D;d.A.strange B.weak C.famous D.healthy 学生答案: C;e.A.though B.until C.because D.whether 学生答案: C;f.A.Luckily B.Suddenly C.Sadly D.Especially 学生答案: D;g.A.examples
标准答
案:
标准答
案: 标准答
案: 标准答
案: 标准答
案: C
A
D
C
C B.questions C.subjects D.problems 学生答
A;案: h.A.cut down B.plant C.protect D.water 学生答
B;案: i.A.money B.help C.clothes D.family 学生答
C;案: j.A.nothing B.everything C.anything D.something 学生答
A;案:
试题分值：50.0 得分：[5, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5] 提示：[1]B.考查句意理解。本句大意是“我们称呼它为‘希望’。”这里只有B的意思适合。
[2]C.考查副词辨析。本句的意思是“希望出生的时候重量______100克。”这里的空格处只能选择C。“just”的意思是“只有”。其他几个
标准答
A
案: 标准答
B
案: 标准答
A
案: 标准答
D
案: 选项的意思都不适合。
[3]A.考查句意理解和常识。本句意思是“希望6个月大的时候开始吃竹子嫩芽和______。”再看选项的意思：leaves（叶子），vegetables（蔬菜），trees（树木），chips（土豆片）。根据常识，我们知道熊猫吃竹叶，所以选择A。[4]D.考查句意理解。本句意思是“她长成了一个_______年轻熊猫，重达35克。”这里选择“healthy”，意思是“健康的”。[5]C.考查句意理解。本句大意是“当希望20个月大的时候，她就不得不照看自己了，______她妈妈又生了个熊猫宝宝。”这里让我们选择连词，“because”表示原因，用在这里最适合。
[6]C.考查句意理解。本句大意是“______，熊猫在野外生活会困难重重。”选项的意思分别是：luckily（幸运地），suddenly（突然地），sadly（悲伤地，说来遗憾），especially（特别，尤其）。这里选择C，其意思最适合此处。
[7]D.考查句意理解和词汇辨析。本句大意是“这里有一些像希望这样的熊猫将来可能会遇到的______。”很明显空格处的意思是“问题”。下一步就是要辨析“question”和“problem”的区别了。question 指主观存在的“疑惑、疑问”，所以是需要“回答”（answer）的； problem 指客观存在的和遇到的疑难问题，有时指较严重的问题，所以是需要“解决”（solve，work out）的。本句中指的是熊猫在生活中遇到的客观问题，所以自然选择D。
[8]A.考查句意理解。本句大意是“如果农民________树木和森林，那么熊猫就无处生活了。”选项的意思是：cut down（砍伐），plant（种植），protect（保护），water（浇水）。显然，此处应该选择A。[9]B.考查句意理解。本段这两句大意是“如果熊猫妈妈离开了熊猫宝宝，人们通常会带走这些熊猫宝宝。人们会认为这些宝宝需要_______。”四个选项的意思分别是：money（钱），help（帮助），clothes（衣服）和family（家庭）。此处明显选择B最适合。[10]A.考查句意理解。“do
nothing”的意思是“什么都不做”。本句大意是“如果我们什么都不做，不久世界上就没有熊猫了。”
二、单项选择题（共10道小题，共50.0分）
1.He ___________ that half an hour would be enough for him to get to the station, but he simply forgot that it was the rush hour.A.realized B.assumed C.admitted D.acknowledge 知识点: Choice3
B 5.0 学生[B;] 标准答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选B，题目大意是“他主观认为，半小时足够他赶到火车站，但他忘了当时是在交通高峰期”。assume：take as a fact or as true without proof；suppose假定，设想，主观认为 1.I assume that the misunderstanding will be cleared up.我认定这误会会消除。2.It is a misconception to assume that the two 提示: continents are similar.关于这两块大陆相似的假设是一种误解。3.If the package is wrapped well, we assume the contents are also wonderful.如果包装精美，我们就会认为里面装的也是好东西。4.If mistakes occurred, they were assumed to be the fault of the commander on the spot.如果出现了错误，就会认为是现场指挥官的失误。
2.If you think you can do the job, don’t hesitate, just __________.A.go away B.go over C.go ahead D.go off 知识点: Choice3
C 5.0 学生答[C;] 标准答案: 案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 提示: 解析：该题选C，题目大意是“如果你认为你能做那工作，那就做吧，不要犹豫”。go ahead: advance;make progress 前进；着手做某事；尽管去做；不要等（常用于祈使句）1.“May I ask you a question？” “Yes，go ahead．”
“我可以问你一个问题吗？“可以，问吧！” 2.The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead.警察检查了这些车子，然后允许他们继续前进。
3.He decided to go ahead with his research in spite of all the troubles it had 4.made to him.尽管研究给他带来许多困难，但他还是继续进行他的研究。4.The teacher told the students not to write on the paper yet，but John went ahead and wrote his name．老师还没叫学生在纸上写，约翰就已开始写了他的名字。
3.4.When she learned that her son was killed in battle, the Mexican woman ___________ her tears with much difficulty.A.held back B.held up C.held out D.take back 知识点: Choice3
A 5.0 学生[A;] 标准答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选A，题目大意是“当这位墨西哥妇女得知她儿子在战斗阵亡，她极力抑制住要夺眶而出的泪水”。
提示: hold back：control or restrain sb./sth.抑制住，忍住（眼泪、笑声等）1.She kept trying to hold back her tears.她一直在试图抑制住眼泪。2.He could no longer hold back convulsive laughter.他再也忍不住，前俯后仰地大笑起来。3.I was close to tears with frustration, but I held back.我沮丧得快要哭出来，但我忍住了。
5.__________ teaching in the school, Jane gives piano lessons to some children at home.A.Except B.In addition to C.But D.In addition 知识Choice3 点: 学生[B;] 标准答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 试题分值:
B 5.0 解析：该题选B，题目大意是“除了在学校任教之外，珍妮还在家里给一些孩子上钢琴课”。in addition和in addition to的不同
in addition to和in addition都是很常见很常用的短语，都有“除了、还有”的意思，但它们的用法是完全不同的，所以今天我们就来区分一下。In addition to整个词组相当于一个介词，所以to的后面要接宾语。例如: In addition to native plants, this garden 提示: contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。
In addition相当于副词，通常放在从句的句首，后面接完整的句子。例如：
This garden has the best collection of native plants.In addition, it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.这座花园有当地植物的最佳珍藏。另外，它还有无数来自海外的花草树木。6.7.While my wife and my children were away for the long weekend, __________.A.I alone in the house B.I alone had a house C.I had the entire house to myself D.I got a house to myself 知识点: Choice3
C 5.0 学生[C;] 标准答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选C，题目大意是“当妻子儿女去渡长的周末，我就一人独占了整座房子。have sth.to oneself：be able to use, enjoy, etc sb./sth.without others独享，独用 1.When we move 提示: into the new house, I can have a room to myself.我们搬进新家后，我就能有一间自己的屋子了。
2.When she eats in a restaurant, she likes to have a table to herself.当她在餐馆吃饭的时候，她喜欢一个人单独坐一张桌子。8.9.I told the boy to __________.A.take easy B.take easily C.take it easy D.take it easily 知识点: Choice4
C 5.0 学生[C;] 标准答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选C，题目大意是“我告诉男孩不要紧提示: 张”。
take it easy：not to work too hard;not to worry too much松弛，不紧张, 不着急，从容 1.You will do better if you take it easy.假如你放松点，你会做得更好。2.Take it easy, all sufferings have their reward.别着急，会苦尽甘来的。3.Take it easy.You still have 10 minutes to finish it.别着急，你还有十分钟时间。4.If I were you, I would take it easy;there is no need to be so nervous.我要是你的话，就会放松点，没必要那么紧张。
10.11.I would _________ play tennis than football.A.quite B.simply C.rather D.like 知识Choice4 点: 学生[C;] 标准答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 试题分值:
C 5.0 解析：该题选C，题目大意是“我宁愿打网球，而不踢足球”。
“would rather + 动词原形”表示“宁愿”，是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would(had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。
1.He’d rather work in the countryside.她提示: 宁可到农村去工作。2.Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。
3.If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们 都离开这儿。4.You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚你最好 呆在家中读点书。
5.You can go out and enjoy yourself if you like, but I would rather stay home and read.如果你愿意你可以外出去玩，但我宁愿呆在家里读书。
如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿„„而不愿„„，与其„„宁可„„”的意思时，则可用would rather„than„或would„rather than„的句型，例如 1.I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
2.The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
注：在would rather„than„句型中，rather与than后都应跟不带to的动词不定式。
12.13.What shall I do to ________ this _________ getting dirty? A.from„keeping B.keep„from C.keeping„from D.keep„on
知识点: Choice4
B 5.0 学生[B;] 标准答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选B，题目大意是“我该怎样防止这东西不被弄脏呢”？ keep sb / sth from +分词：是阻止，妨碍的意思
1.I hope you will keep from doing anything 提示: rash.我希望你不要做出任何鲁莽的事情来。
2.I horse around quite a lot, just to keep from getting bored.我胡闹了一阵儿，只是为了摆脱厌烦。
3.Hearing the words, he couldn´t keep from laughing.听了这话，他不由得笑了起来。14.15.Mrs.Smith went on a diet and in three months ___________ her weight to 100 pounds.A.brought back B.brought up C.brought down D.brought about 知识点: Choice4
C 5.0 学生[C;] 标准答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选C，题目大意是“史密斯太太限制饮食，四个月下来就把体重降到一百磅”。
bring down：reduce；cause to fall 减少，降低 1.bring down the temperature降低温度 2.bring down the income taxes降低所得税
提示: 3.Zhang li went on a diet and in three months brought down her weight to 50 kilos.张莉节制饮食，三个月把体重减到了五十公斤。4.The nurse gave him an injection to bring down the temperature.护士给他注射了一针，以降低体温。
16.I knocked several times __________ an old man answered the door.A.as B.when C.while D.before 知识点: Choice4
D 学生答[D;] 标准答案: 案: 得分: [5] 试题分值:
5.0 解析：该题选D，题目大意是“我敲了好几遍门，才有一位老人来应门”。
连词before引出从句, 全句可译为:“以后„才”、“„然后才”、“„(之后)才” 1.It will be months before he is fit for the job.还得几提示: 个月之后，他才能适应这项工作。2.We waited five hours before the runway was cleared of heavy snow and made ready for take-off.我们足足等了5个小时，才有人清扫完跑道上的积雪，准备好飞机起飞。17.
第三篇：北邮网院英语答案
一、阅读理解（共1道小题，共25.0分）
William Henry Harrison, the ninth President of the United States, was born in a small town.As a boy, he was quiet and shy.In fact, he was so quiet that everyone thought he was stupid.Because of that, the people of the town liked to play jokes on him.“Here, William,” one of them would say.“Here is a nickel(五美分硬币), and here is a dime（十美分硬币）.Which one do you want?” He always chose the nickel, and then they all laughed at him.Finally, his mother took him aside and said to him, “I know that you are a smart boy, but sometimes you let people think you are not so smart.Why do you always choose the nickels instead of the dime? Don't you know that a dime is worth much more than a nickel?”
“Certainly, I know it,” William answered slowly.“But if I choose the dime, they won't play the trick on me any more.Then I won’t get any more nickels.”
William Henry Harrison was born_____. in a big city on a farm in the countryside in a small town People thought he was stupid because ______. he did poorly at school he was so quiet he always asked foolish questions he was afraid of others Whenever people played tricks on him, he was asked to_____. laugh at himself make faces choose between a nickel and a dime tell right from wrong His mother took him aside and asked why _____. he always chose the nickel instead of the dime he didn’t know that a dime was worth more than a nickel people played the same trick on him he failed to let people know how smart he was We can infer from the story that William Henry Harrison was ______.
试题分值：25.0 得分：[5, 5, 5, 5, 5] 提示：[1]D.细节题。本题问“William Henry Harrison出生于______。”中心词是“was born”，答案在第一段的第一句，该句告诉我们William出生于一个小镇，所以答案是D。
[2]B.细节题。本题问“人们认为他非常笨，这是因为_______。”中心词是“thought he was stupid”，答案在第一段的最后一句，该句大意是“当他还是个孩子的时候，他不喜欢说话而且很害羞。实际上，他是如此的安静以至于别人都认为他很笨”。据此可知答案是B。[3]C.细节题。本题问“每当人们想和他开玩笑的时候，人们就让他_______。”中心词是“played tricks on him”，答案在第二段和第三段，只不过第二段中出现的是“play jokes on him”，这两个词组意思相近。第二段大意是“就因为这个，所以人们喜欢开他的玩笑。”第三段的大意是“有人会说：‘过来，William。这里有一个5美分硬币和一个10美分的硬币。你想选择哪一个？’”根据这两段，我们可以知道答案是C。[4]A.细节题。本题问“他妈妈将他带到一旁问他为什么_______。”答案在第五段，该段大意是“最后，他妈妈将他带到一旁对他说道：‘我知道你是个聪明的孩子，但是有些时候你让别人觉得你不是那么聪明。为什么你总是选择5美分的硬币而不选择10美分的呢？难道你不知道10美分的硬币比5美分的值钱吗？’”据此可知答案是A。
[5]D.推断题。本题问“从故事中我们可以推测出William Henry Harrison是______。”答案在最后一段，该段大意是“William慢慢地回答道：‘我当然知道。但是，如果我选择了10美分的硬币，他们就不会再和我开玩笑了。这样的话，我就再也得不到5美分的硬币了。’”据此可知答案是D（聪明的）。
二、单项选择题（共15道小题，共75.0分）
Many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will ___________a corresponding rise in cheating. lead at result foolish naughty silent clever lead to consequent 知识第一部分
点: 学生答[C;] 案:
标准答
C;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选C，题目大意是“很多教育学家担心，更多地利用州级考试将会导致作弊的相应增加。”
提示: lead to：导致
Smoking can lead to lung cancer.抽烟可能导致肺癌。
What if my auto-repair man devised questions ___________an intelligence test? with for to at
标准答
B;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选B，题目大意是“假定让我的汽车修理师来为智力测验设计题目将会怎么样？” what if：如果„„将会怎么样
1.What if it is true? 如果这是真的又该如提示: 何呢？
2.What if he doesn´t agree? 如果他不同意该怎么办呢？
3.What if he comes back now? 如果他现在回来怎么办？
In the test I scored 160 ___________a normal of 100. at with against 知识第一部分
点: 学生答[B;] 案: in 知识第一部分
点: 学生答[C;] 案:
标准答
C;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选C，题目大意是“在标准得分为100的情况下，我得了160分。” score：及物动词 vt.1.(体育比赛中)得(分)，记(分)；使得分
提示: He only scored nine hundred marks.他只得九百分。
2.(考试等中)得(分)Mary scored the highest marks on the exam.玛丽考试中得了个最高分。
Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing ___________ jobs. routine rural racial rude
标准答
A;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选A，题目大意是“那些从事例行工作的人们特别懂得赞扬的意义。”
routine：形容词 a.日常的，例行的，常规的
提示: 1.a routine medical examination 常规体格检查
2.Routine office jobs have no relish at all for me.我对坐办公室那种刻板的工作毫无兴趣。
I can live for two months ___________a good compliment. by with on 知识第一部分
点: 学生答[A;] 案: at 知识第二部分
点: 学生答[C;] 案:
标准答
C;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选C，题目大意是“一句赞美的话我就可以活上两个月。”
live on：靠吃---生活，靠---维持生活
提示: 1.live on wild plants靠吃野菜生活
2.A panda lives on bamboo leaves.熊猫以吃竹叶为生。
Students in the last century read stories that taught ________ lessons. moral more mortal morale
标准答
A;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选A，题目大意是“上个世纪的学生读的都是些传授道德标准的故事。” moral： 形容词 a.1.道德(上)的
提示: He refused the request on moral grounds.基于道德上的考虑,他拒绝了这个请求。2.讲道德的，品性端正的
My grandmother was a very moral woman;she´d never allow cursing.我祖母是很讲究道德的人；她从不允许诅咒。
His former secretary ________ him with sexual harassment. blamed criticized 知识第二部分
点: 学生答[A;] 案: accused charged 知识第二部分
点: 学生答[D;] 案:
标准答
D;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选D，题目大意是“他从前的女秘书指控他性骚扰。”
charge：及物动词 vt.控告，指控
提示: 1.He was charged with stealing.他被控犯有偷窃行为。
2.The police charged him with car theft.警方以偷车罪指控他。
Six ________ ten people in Beijing have seen the movie Titanic. out out off out of out to
标准答
C;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选C，题目大意是“在北京，十个人中有六个人已经看了电影《泰坦尼克号》”
提示: out of：from among其中，„„之中
One person out of five the world is Chinese.世界五分之一的人是中国人。
All but Alice and I ________ going to the theatre this evening.
知are be am is 知识第二部分
点: 学生答[C;] 案: 识第二部分
标准答
A;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选A，题目大意是“今晚除了爱丽丝和我，提示: 大家都去看戏了。”
Everything _________ except salaries. went went up went to went from 点: 学生答[A;] 案:
标准答
B;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选B，题目大意是“除了工资之外，所有都在涨价。”
go up：rise；increase上升；增加
提示: 1.I see cigarettes are going up again.我发现香烟又涨价了。
2.Crime rate tends to go up if the economy collapses.经济崩溃的时候犯罪率常上升。
The boy ___________ at the dinner party last Sunday and was sick. overweight overload overate over and ate 知识第二部分
点: 学生答[B;] 案: 知识第二部分
点: 学生答[C;] 案:
标准答
C;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 提示: 该题选C，题目大意是“男孩在上周日的晚宴上吃得过饱，于是病倒了。”
overeat：暴食；吃得过量；吃撑
1.He is advised not to overeat.有人劝他不要吃得太多。
2.And skipping meals tends to make you overeat later.不吃饭会让你有暴食的倾向。3.Generally, you shouldn´t overeat yourself before sleeping.一般说来睡觉之前你不能吃得过饱。
We all thought _________ a pity that you were unable to watch the game. it which that what
标准答
A;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选A，题目大意是“你没能观看这场比赛，我们认为很遗憾。”
英语中会出现用it 作形式宾语，放在动词后面，而将真正的宾语，宾语从句或作宾语的不定式置于句末的情况。又如：
1.People find it more and more difficult to get a job nowadays.人们发现当下找工作越来提示: 越难了。（不定式作宾语）
2.We all thought it a pity that you were unable to attend the party.我们为你不能参加这次聚会，而深感遗憾。（从句作宾语）
3.I regard it as important that everyone of us should be punctual.我们每个人都必须严格守时，我认为这一点很重要。（从句作宾语）
_______ exchanges are an important part of cultural exchanges between two countries. Previous Uneasy Academic 知识第二部分
点: 学生答[A;] 案: Divine 知识第二部分
点: 学生答[C;] 案:
标准答
C;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选C，题目大意是“学术交流是这两个国家文化交流的重要部分。”
academic：学院的；学术的；理论的
1.With my strong academic background, I am 提示: competent.依我良好的学术背景,我能胜任。
2.During the past four years I have had a good deal of academic experience in communications technology.四年来,我掌握了丰富的通信技术上的理论知识。
If you give up music, you’ll waste your _______. comment talent diploma intent
标准答
B;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选B，题目大意是“如果你放弃音乐，你就是浪费了你的天赋。”
提示: talent：名词 n.天才，天资
He had a talent for music.他有音乐天才。
Shops should not _______ defective goods on customers.
知foster forge forsake foist 知识第二部分
点: 学生答[B;] 案: 识第二部分 点: 学生答[D;] 案:
标准答
D;
案: 试题分得分: [5] 5.0
值: 该题选D，题目大意是“商店不应该把劣质商品推销给顾客。” foist „ to：骗售
提示: The shopkeeper foisted a box of broken biscuits on the old lady.店主把一箱子碎饼干骗售给了那老妇人。
第四篇：北邮网院《管理学基础》复习题分析
《管理学基础》复习题
（答案参见实时授课课件、教材等相关教学资源）
一、单项选择题：（在下列四个选项中选择一个正确的选项。）1.被誉为科学管理之父的是（A）。
A.泰勒 B.法约尔 C.韦伯 D.梅奥 2.营销人员的营销策划能力属于管理者的（A）。A.技术技能 B.人际技能 C.概念技能 D.分析技能
3.管理具有与生产关系、社会制度相联系的一面，这指的是管理的（B）。A.自然属性 B.社会属性 C.科学性 D.艺术性 4.“弹性计划”体现了计划工作的（C）。A.限定因素原理 B.许诺原理 C.灵活性原理 D.改变航道原理
5.某公司在2012年年初的工作会议上提出，力争在本实现利润2亿元。如果从计划工作的表现形式看，此计划属于（D）。
A.战略 B.宗旨 C.规划 D.目标
6.某项目网络图如下，且该项目的活动关系与时间耗费如图所示（单位：天），该项目的关键路线是（D）。
A．A—D—J B．B—F—H—J C．A—E—H—J D．C—I—J 7.企业进行环境分析时，常用的分析方法是（A）。A．PEST分析法 B.波特五力模型 C.SWOT分析法 D.波士顿矩阵法
8.直线型结构的优点是（A）。
A.结构简单，权力集中，责任分明，命令统一，联系简捷
B.分工较细，能够适应现代组织技术比较复杂和管理分工较细的特点 C.实行了集权与分权的较优结合 D.集中决策，分散经营
9.下列最适宜采用矩阵式组织结构的是（C）。A.汽车制造厂 B.医院 C.电视剧制作中心 D.学校
10.某贸易进出口公司设有：市场开发部、人力资源部、公关部、质检部、财务部等，该公司是采用（B）来设置部门的。
A.地区部门化 B.职能部门化 C.顾客部门化 D.过程部门化
11．一家超级市场分为以下几个部门：日用杂物、肉类、冷冻食品、瓜果蔬菜、乳制品。该超市是按照（B）来划分部门的。
A．职能 B．产品 C．地区 D．顾客
12.将直线人员原来属于自己行使的直线权力委托给参谋人员去行使的那部分权力称为（B）。
A.直线职权 B.参谋职权 C.职能职权 D.辅助职权
13．根据领导寿命周期理论，适用于下属低成熟度的情况，由领导者告诉下属应该干什么、怎么干以及何时何地干的领导风格是（A）。A．命令型领导 B．说服型领导 C．参与型领导 D．授权型领导
14.按照费德勒模型，当组织内上下级关系好、任务结构明确、职位权力强时，应选择的领导者类型是（A）。
A.任务取向型 B.关系取向型 C.工作与人际关系并重型 D.以领导者为中心型 15.通过人格魅力来影响和改变下属的做法，利用的是（B）。
A.权力性影响力 B.非权力性影响力 C.职位影响力 D.行为影响力
16.在构成领导影响力的各项权力中，属于非职权影响力的有（A）。A.法定权 B.强制权
C.专长权
D.奖赏权 17.领导生命周期理论提出的变量因素是（A）。A.下属的成熟度 B.任务结构 C.上下级关系 D.职位权力
18.按照双因素理论，诸如管理政策、福利待遇等能够导致员工对工作不满意的因素属于（A）。
A.保健因素 B.激励因素 C.工作因素 D.制度因素 19.“挨饿的艺术家”与（）理论相矛盾。A．马期洛的需求层次理论 B．期望理论 C．双因素理论 D．公平理论
20.目前，有关反腐败题材的电影《生死抉择》引起轰动。各个单位的组织或宣传部门组织党员和干部及家属进行观看，并进行观后讨论。这种行为属于（B）。A.现场控制 B.反馈控制 C.前馈控制 D.事后控制
二、判断题：（判断下列各题的正确性，正确打“ √”，错误打“”。）1.管理是一门艺术，管理实践具有创造性。[对] 2.对于高层管理者来说，其拥有的最重要技能应是技术技能。
3.科学管理的主要内容包括：工作定额与标准化，差别计件工资制，职能工长制和例外原则等。[对] 4.组织行为理论是由人际关系学说发展而来的。[] 5.在霍桑实验的基础上，梅奥提出了职工是“经济人”而不是“社会人”的观点。[错]
6.X理论认为人们有消极的工作源动力，而Y理论则认为人们有积极的工作源动力。[对] 3
7.古人所说的“运筹帷幄”，是对管理决策职能的最形象的概括。[对] 8.计划按职能可以划分生产计划、营销计划、财务计划、人事计划等。[对] 9.按照限定因素原理，计划必须有期限要求。错 10.灵活性原理是指制定计划时要留有余地，而执行计划一般不应有灵活性。对 11.在企业面临外部威胁并且明显处于劣势的时候，企业应选择的战略方案是防御型战略。[对] 12.网络计划法既是一种计划技术，又是一种有效的控制手段。对
13.“田忌赛马”是一个流传了几千年的脍炙人口的故事，内中的道理体现了扬长避短战略原则。[对] 14.目标管理的目的之一是让下属在目标的制定过程中参与进来，共同达成各项工作目标。[对] 15.银行设立商业信贷部属于职能部门化。[对] 16.扁平型是一种管理跨度比较小的组织结构。[错] 17.管理宽度与管理层次之间存在反比关系。较大的宽度意味着较少的层次，较小的宽度意味着较多的层次。[对] 18.军队陆军的集团军、师、（旅，其直属于集团军）、团、营、连、排、班是按人数来进行划分的。[对] 19.参谋部门通常应是专业性质的，参谋人员都应是某些业务的专家[对]。20.直线型结构的优点是结构比较简单，权力集中，责任分明，命令统一，联系简捷。[对] 21.组织结构设计成果包括组织图、职位说明书和组织手册。[对] 22.授权就是把一部分权利分散给下属，同时也将相应的责任分散下去。[错] 23．领导者要具有指挥、协调和激励三个方面的作用。[对] 24．领导者可以不运用正式权力来影响他人的活动。[对] 25.根据领导寿命周期理论，说服型领导风格适用于下属低成熟度的情况，由领导者告诉下属应该干什么、怎么干以及何时何地干。[错] 26.按照需要层次理论，管理者要激励某个员工，就必须了解此人目前所处的需要层次，然后着重满足这一层次或在此层次之上的需要。[对] 4
27.赫茨伯格认为管理者首先应确保足够的保健因素，然后创造机会为职工提供激励因素。[对] 28.口头沟通最基本的优点在于其准确性。[错] 29.书面沟通的问题之一在于反馈速度慢。对 30.公告牌是向下沟通的常用方式之一。[对]
三、名词解释：
1.目标：是根据企业宗旨提出的企业在一定时期内所达到的预期成果。2.组织结构设计：就是先反为实现组织目标而需完成的工作，不断划分为若干性质不同的业务工作，再把这些工作‘组合’成若干部门，并规定各部门的职责与职权。总之，组织结构的设计就是对级织内的层次、部门和职权进行合理的划分。3.许诺原理：任何一项计划都是对完成各项工作所做出的许诺，许诺越大，实现许诺的时间越长，实现许诺的可能性就越小。计划必须有期限的要求。
4.管理宽度：也称“管理跨度”或“管理幅度”，指的是一名主管人员有效地监督、管理其直接下属的人数是有限的。
5.扁平结构：就是管理层次少而管理宽大的结构。
6.授权： 就是指上级委授给下属一定的权力，使下属在一定的监督之下，有相当的自主权和行动权。
7.集权：意味着职权集中到较高的管理层次。
8.组织图：也称组织树，它用图形的方式表示组织内的职权关系的主要职能。9.参谋职权：是参谋所拥有的辅助性职权，包括提供咨询和建议等。
10.职能职权：指参谋人员或某部门的主管人员所拥有的原属直线主管的那部分权力。
11.正式沟通：在组织系统内部，以组织原则和组织管理制度为依据，通过组织管理渠道进行信息传递和交流。
12.管理控制： 指管理者要对员工的活动进行监督，判定组织是否正朝着既定的目标健康地向前发展。并在必要时及时采取矫正措施。
四、简答题：
1.简述霍桑试验的结论。{答}改变监督与控制的方法能改善人际关系，能必进工人的工作态度，促进产量的提高。
2．权变组织理论的核心是什么？{答}就是力图研究级织的各子系统内部和各子系统之间的相互联系，以及级织和它所处的环境之间的联系，并确定各种变数的关系类型和结构类型。
3．什么是目标管理？{答}它是以重视成果的管理电想为基础，由成果的生产者，包擡主管人员及下属共同参与制定一定时间内每个人必须达成的各项工作目标，明确相应的责任和职权，每个人朝着这些目标，自觉工作、自我控制，并定期进行考核评价，实行反馈，管理人员以有效实现预定目标为中心进行管理的一种体制和方法。4．什么是直式结构？它的弊端主要体现在哪些方面？{答} 就是管理层次多而管理宽度少的结构。它的弊端主要体现在管理层次越多，需要从事管理的人员迅速增加，彼此之间的协调工作也急剧增加，互相纠缠的事会层出不穷；各项开支也相应增多，上下之间的意见不能很好沟通和交流；最高层制定的目标、政策、计划传达到下层有时会变了样；上层管理者对下层的控制变得困难，易造成一个单位整体性的破裂；同时则于管理严密，而影响下级人员的主动性和创造性。
5．什么是集权？什么是分权？如何判定集权或分权的程度？{答}集权就是职权集中到较高的管理层次。分权则表示职权分散到整个组织中。一般来说，集权或分权的程度，常常根据各管理层次拥有的决策权的情况来衡量。
6．什么是非正式沟通？其优缺点是什么？{答} 在正式渠道之外，通过非正式的沟通渠道和网络进行信息交流，常用来传递和分享组织正式活动之外的“非官方”信息。
五、论述题
1.结合企业实际，运用PEST分析方法对企业的宏观环境进行分析。教材P115 2.什么是SWOT分析？如何进行SWOT分析？{答} SWOT分析应时把组织内外环境所形成的机会、风险与威胁、优势和劣势4个方面的情况，结合起来进行分析，以寻找制定适合本组织实际情况的经营战略和策略。（1）运用各种调查研究方法，分析出组 6
织所处的各种环境因素，即外部环境因素和内部能力因素。（2）通过SWOT矩阵制定对策。
3.马斯洛需要层次理论的主要观点是什么？{答}一是人人都有需要，某层需要获得满足后，另一层需要才出现；二是在多种需要未获满足前，首先满足迫切需要；该需要满足后，后面的需要才显示出其激励作用。
五、案例分析：
案例1：李莉扮演的角色（教材P9）
李莉是某市有名的女强人，典型的职业女性，担任某宾馆的总经理已经10年了。该宾馆为商务和旅游旅行者提供高质量的旅馆服务，现拥有150名员工，4个部门，每年上缴国家利税2000多万元。
李莉信奉“业精于勤”这四个字。2010年3月12日，她早上5:00起床，5:30上路，16分钟后到达办公室，一天的工作开始了：
5:46 李莉开始浏览报纸。
6:00 李莉召开高层领导班子碰头会。会议的议题是：由运营副总经理汇报全面质量管理计划的进展情况；讨论资金预算情况；解决第二分部春节期间由于供热系统出现问题而引起的顾客投诉；针对今年的“五一黄金周”如何做广告来提高宾馆的收入。
7:30 参加公司的早操、早歌。李莉认为这是企业文化的一项主要内容，早操锻炼身体，早歌凝聚人心。10年来，她基本上是利用这个时间和这种形式激励员工，使每位员工一天都有好心情和奋斗力。
7:50 李莉坐上前往第三分部的汽车。虽然总部有计算机决策支持系统，可以帮助她根据各分部的入住率、客户投诉次数和其他服务质量指标来评估业绩，但她仍然坚持每月一次实地考察。她说：“走动管理至少有三个好处：一是可以直接获得计算机不能提供的、更可靠的信息；二是可以激励员工、振奋人心；三是可以拉近与顾客的距离，使我更加准确地知道他们想要什么样的服务。”8:40到达目的地，她走访了每位员工及一些顾客，与他们进行了亲切的交谈，对于他们提出的问题，都进行了记录，以备改进。后来又察看了分部的餐厅、游艺厅等。
11:30 视察结束，李莉吃完简单的午餐后，于13:00 回到办公室，准备写演讲稿。
13:30 秘书进来告诉她某装饰公司的胡经理来了。李莉想公司是胡经理的老客户，以前胡经理对公司非常优惠，装修质量也不错，但最近装饰材料价格上涨，公司若按以前的报价，胡经理肯定不会承揽即将进行的总部翻新工程。翻新工程不大，领导班子决定预算在30万元，假如胡经理不同意这个价格，公司将在全市招标，她知道毕竟他们也不想失去老客户。
15:00 送走胡经理后，李莉的注意力又回到了演讲稿上。16:00 演讲稿完成。李莉喜欢像今天这样紧张而有序的日子。问题：作为管理者，李莉在这一天中都扮演了哪些角色？ {答}{监督、传播、领导、联络、发言人、代表人、谈判人} 案例2：
某地方生产传统工艺品的企业，伴随着我国对外开放政策，逐渐发展壮大起来，销售额和出口额近十年来平均增长15%以上，员工也由原来的不足200人增加到了2000多人。但企业一直采用过去的类似直线型的组织结构，企业一把手王厂长既管销售，又管生产，是一个多面全能型的管理者。最近，企业发生了一些事情，让王厂长应接不暇。其一：生产基本是按订单生产，基本由厂长传达生产指令。碰到交货紧，往往是厂长带头，和员工一起挑灯夜战。虽然按时交货，但质量不过关，产品被退回，并被要求索赔；其二：以前企业招聘人数少，所以王厂长一人就可以决定了，现在每年要招收大中专学生近50人，还要牵涉到人员的培训等，以前的做法就不行了；其三：过去总是王厂长临时抓人去做后勤等工作，现在这方面工作太多，临时抓人去做，已经做不了也做不好了。凡此种种，以前有效的管理方法已经失去作用了。
问题：请从组织工作的角度说明企业存在的问题，并提出建议。
案例3： 小道消息传播带来的问题
斯坦福德航空公司是美国西北部一个发展迅速的航空公司。然而，最近在其总部发生了一系列的传闻。公司总经理波利想出卖自己的股票，但又想保住自己的总 8
经理的职务，这是公开的秘密了。他为公司制定了两个经营战略方案：一个是把航空公司的附属单位卖掉；另一个是利用现有的基础重新振兴发展。他自己曾经对两个方案的利弊进行了认真分析，并委托副总经理本查明提出一个参考意见。本查明曾为此起草了一份备忘录，然后叫秘书比利打印。比利打印完即到职工咖啡厅去。在喝咖啡时比利碰到了另一位副总经理肯尼特，并把这一秘密告诉了他。
比利对肯尼特悄悄地说：“我得到了一个最新消息。他们正在准备成立另外一个航空公司。他们虽说不会裁减员工，但是，我们应联合起来，有所准备啊？”这些话又被办公室的通讯员听到了。他又高兴地立即把这消息告诉他的上司巴巴拉。巴巴拉又为此事写了一个备忘录给负责人事的副总经理马丁。马丁也加入了他们的联合阵线，并认为公司应保证兑现其不裁减员工的诺言。
第二天，比利正在打印两份备忘录。备忘录又被路过办公室探听消息的摩罗看见了，摩罗随即跑到办公室说：“我真不敢相信公司会做出这样的事情，我们要卖给航空公司了，而且要大量削减员工呢！”
这消息传来传去，3天后又传回总经理波利的耳朵里。波利也接到了许多不友好甚至是故意的电话和信件，人们纷纷指责他企图违背诺言而大批解雇工人，有的人也表示为与别的公司联合而感到高兴，而波利则被弄得迷惑不解。问题：
1、总经理波利怎样才能使问题得到澄清？{答}首先，波利要多方了解，弄清事情的来龙去脉。然后给各部门印发了他为公司制定的两个战略方案，让各部门的负责人将两个方案发布给全体职工，并召集全公司的职工开会讨论这两个方案。向职工说明事情的真相，扫除职工的后顾之忧。
3、你认为应该采取什么态度对待非正式沟通问题？{答}应采取坦诚、大度、理解的态度对待非正式沟通问题。
第五篇：大学英语3期末考试复习题
大学英语3词汇选择练习题
第一单元选择题
1.It __________that the necklace was made of glass.A.turned out
2.___________, he can finish the work in a couple of weeks.C.Given good health
3.___________ to speak at the meeting, I couldn’t very well refuse.D.Called on 4.The poor police had never __________ of winning.C.stood a chance
5.If our neighbor continues to refuse to keep his dog under control, we have to take him to ___________.D.court 6.I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make ___________.B.a pair
7.In the past few years my aunt ___________ enough money to buy a house.A.has saved up 8.Our train is __________ in Beijing at 9 a.m.B.due
9.A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were ___.C.dismissed
10.___________ I thought he was joking, but then I realized he was serious.C.At first
11.He tried in vain to _________ the students __________ their professors.A.turn…against
12.The police _________ the driver with drunken driving.B.charged
13.The lady was expecting a baby in a__________ of months.B.couple
14.The sudden snowstorm during the night _________ my decision not to leave.D.confirmed 15.Just ________ your time and tell me clearly what happened at the meeting yesterday.C.take 第三单元选择题
1._________ because I was tired of learning.D.I didn’t leave college
2.She took detailed __________ of what the teachers had discussed at the meeting.A.notes
3.He __________ late writing his term paper.D.stayed up 4.Medical scientists __________ finding a cure for cancer since 1960s.C.have been working on
5.You __________ an important detail in your report of the accident.C.left out
6.I teach because teaching is a profession _________ change.B.built on
7.After running to the bus-stop, I sat down to __________.C.catch my breath
8.She wrote articles and __________ to the Evening Paper.B.sent them off
9.Many young girls like to __________ for recording their private thoughts and feelings.A.keep a diary
10.Tom started as an engineering student, but he __________ English because he liked it.D.switched to 11.I’m _________ that he is innocent in the whole affair.D.convinced 12.I prefer to work in an ______ environment where there are good libraries and cultural facilities.A.urban
13.The statement about the mad cow disease constituted a direct ___ to the British government.C.challenge 14.He was ___________ by illness to drop out of school.C.compelled 15.Jeanne has decided on law as her_.She wantsto become acivil rights lawyerand help the poor.C.profession 第五单元选择题
1.It was not long ___ the news spread and people from all over the country came to visit the village.A.before 2.—I saw Alice in tears yesterday.What happened to her?
—Nothing important.__________ a lit cigarette burned a hole in her new skirt.B.Just that
3.After hearing the news, I could not ____ my work that whole afternoon.C.set my mind on
4.You’ll ___________ to the job after you have been here a week or two.C.catch on 5.The police warned people to be ____ for pickpockets during the Christmas rush.D.on guard 6.She had had no training, but that ___________.A.didn’t stand in her way
7.While my wife and my children were away for the long weekend, ___.C.I had the entire house to myself
8.All our supply of food has __________.C.run out 9.The children _________ in their father’s shop when things are busy.D.help out 10.In the West, people often _____ for mail-order goods, which can
save a lot of time.D.send away 11.___ teaching in the school, Jane gives piano lessons to some children at home.B.In addition to 12.His excellent educational background _________ him for the job.A.qualifies
13.When she learned that her son was killed in battle, the Mexican woman
_ her tears with much difficulty.A.held back
14.If you think you can do the job, don’t hesitate, just __________.C.go ahead
15.It was under __________ that he agreed to resign from the committee.B.pressure
16.Mr.Tyler used to eat with a napkin __________ under his chin.D.tucked 17.The students experience severe __________ as final exams draw near.C.tension 18.I little understood the pressure __________ her.A.on
19.He ___________ that half an hour would be enough for him to get to the station, but he simply forgot that it was the rush hour.B.assumed
20.The police warned the children not to __________ the madman.A.approach
第六单元选择题
1.I knocked several times __________ an old man answered the door.D.before 2.The medicine is __________ in dealing with cancer.B.of little use
3.He was so _________ from things around him that I wondered whether he did listen to what I said just now.B.detached
4.Mrs.Smith went on a diet and in three months ___________ her weight to
pounds.C.brought down
5.What shall I do to ________ this _________ getting dirty?B.keep…from
6.I would _________ play tennis than football.C.rather
7.They waved to one another till the train was __________.C.out of sight
8.I told the boy to __________.C.take it easy
9.Relax a bit.Don’t hold tight _________ yourself like that.B.onto
10.Paul followed the doctor’s __________ as to when to give his son medicines.D.instruction 11.My relatives are ___________ all over the country.A.scattered
12.Jane is __________ with cold so that her teeth are chattering.B.shivering
13.Mary _________ with embarrassment when she couldn’t answer the question.C.flushed
14.The road was so slippery when the snow was frozen into ice that I nearly __ down the mountain slope.B.slid。
15.She felt __________ and did nothing but sleep the whole day.A.slack
第八单元选择题
1._________ and they will take a mile.A.Give them an inch
2.The Americans spend Christmas Day __________ that the Europeans do.B.in much the same way 3.Fruits and vegetables __________ to our health greatly.C.contribute
4.Daydreaming was __________ a waste of time.C.viewed as
5.I hope you will not _________ his work.C.interfere with
6.You’ll never _________ anything if you spend your time that way!C.amount to
7.I wrote to ask him how he was getting along _________ his colleagues.A.with
8.We must ___________ about our work or we’ll fall behind the schedule.B.go
9.Unfortunately, he died before his wish to be an astronaut could ______.D.come true 10.Johnney has been warned time and again that reading in bed will ________ his eyesight, but he just won’t listen.B.affect
11.It seems to me that I have been __________ my duty.C.neglecting 12.Great efforts are needed before we can __________ our goal of economic reform.C.attain
13.As it turned out, the speaker was shout down by the _________ crowd.A.hostile
14.The quickest ___________ of travel is by plane.C.means 15.Guesswork is no ___________ for investigationD.substitute
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