2018年考研英语阅读材料之住房

第一篇：2018年考研英语阅读材料之住房

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2018年考研英语阅读材料之住房

Housing

住房

Nimble opposition

灵活的反对

A new study confirms suspicions about what drives planning decisions

一项新的研究证实了对规划决定的推动力的质疑

ON A road called Glyders, in Benfleet, east of London, it looks as though every house is on the market.But the crucial words “for sale” are missing from the estate agents'signs, and have been replaced with “RAGE:Residents Against Glyders Expansion”.The locals are protesting against plans to build 35 new homes on farmland at the end of their road.“Look how narrow this road is,” says Susan Baillie, whose husband, Robert, runs the campaign.“It will never cope with the additional traffic.” The Baillies organised the signs, which are sponsored by the estate agent.The irony seems lost on the residents.在Glyders，这个位于伦敦东部本弗利特的一条大街上，每一间房屋似乎都在等待它的买主。但是房屋中介的招牌上却偏偏缺少重要字眼“待售”，取而代之的是“暴怒：当地居民拒绝Glyders 的扩大。”当地人抗议在这条街道末端的农田上建造35 栋新屋的计划。“请看看这条街有多窄，”苏珊贝利如是说，而她的丈夫罗伯特正是这次抗议行动发起人。“它负担不起额外的交通了。”贝利想到利用招牌，这一举措得到了房屋中介的大力支持。讽刺的是此举会导致住户的流失。

Local opposition to new housing developments is common across Britain.It has long been argued that such opposition — NIMBYism to its critics — is linked to home ownership.Homeowners, unlike distant landlords, vote in local elections and receive planning consultations in their postboxes.They lose out from development in multiple ways.Loss of green space reduces their quality of life and increased supply of housing suppresses prices.Landlords managing diversified portfolios are less exposed to the value of one property.The idea that planning decisions are driven by the desire of homeowners to maximise house prices is known as the “ home-voter hypothesis”.当地反对新的房屋开发政策在英国是很常见的。一直以来都认为这种反对—批评家称之为邻避主义—都与房屋所有权息息相关。与过去的地主不同，房主参与当地选举和规划咨询。在开发过程中他们在多方面有所亏损。绿地的损耗降低了他们的生活质量，而且增加的房屋供应压制了房屋价格。管理多样投资的房东对于一栋房屋的价格会有所疏忽。房主们意欲提高房屋价格从而驱使决策产生，这种想法被称之为“房屋投票假说”。

On October 24th the Institute for Government, a think-tank, released a study supporting this theory with data.It looked at English local planning authorities(LAs)between 2001 and 2011 and found that for every additional ten percentage points in the proportion of homes that are owner-occupied, 1.2 percentage points were knocked off growth in the housing stock.Average

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growth was 8.8%, so the effect was marked.The authors are cautious about making a causal claim,but the correlation was observed after controlling for the number of planning applications and the amount of available land.A rough calculation suggests that, without the NIMBY effect, one million more homes would have been built during the period.在10 月24 日，智库政府研究所(IFG)公布了一项佐以数据支撑此次理论的研究。通过2001到2011 年对英国地方规划局的观察发现，屋主自用的房屋占所有房屋比例中每增加10 个百分点，住房存量的增长就会下跌1.2 个百分点。平均增长是8.8%，所以此种现象的影响是显而易见的。至于是否可以得出两者存在因果关系的结论，作者持保留态度。但是在控制了规划申请和可用土地的数量后，相关效果还是很容易看到的。若不考虑邻避效应，一项粗略计算表明，在2001 至2011 年间大约有逾一百万栋房屋建成。

That would have helped alleviate an acute shortage of British housing.In 2004, a government report by Kate Barker, an economist, found that 240,000 new homes were needed every year.Only 138,000 homes were built in 2013.Due to the shortfall, houses are eye-wateringly expensive and,since 1952, home ownership has become a more distant prospect for almost every new generation(see chart).这将有助于缓和英国紧张的住房短缺问题。在2004 年，经济学家凯特巴克做出了一份政府报告，发现每年所需住房数为24 万。而仅有13.8 万栋房屋在2013 年建成。由于房屋稀缺，房屋的价格也是极其昂贵的，自1952 年以来，房屋所有权已经变成了每个新一代人更加遥远的追求。

In a book released in September, Ms Barker argues that England's planning system is fragmented and slow.LAs are required to have a medium-term plan which meets targets for development agreed with central government.But both the overall plan and individual developments can be held up.LAs find it difficult to work together on proposals which cross boundaries, and vacillate on whether to build on brownfield land, which has old buildings on it, or greenfield sites, which developers prefer.The green belt around many towns constrains development.And locals see few of the fiscal benefits from new homes, so there is little incentive for them to build.在9 月份发表的书中，巴克表示，英国的规划系统如今零散又低效。各个当地规划局(LAs)都要求一个能符合中央政府批准的发展目标的中期计划。但总体规划和个体发展都会被阻断。LAs 发现那些跨界的提案很难兼并施行，所以踌躇着是要在棕色地带推到旧宅筑新房还是在那些开发商钟爱的市郊绿区盖房子。许多城镇城市绿化带的存在约束着发展。当地人也在新房屋建设中看不到些许财政利益，因此，他们根本没有建造房屋的动力。

Thankfully, public attitudes are shifting.Rising house prices used to be celebrated as a sign of economic strength;now, most see expensive homes as bad for Britain.Politicians are responding:both big parties have promised more building.庆幸的是，公众的态度正在转变。房屋价格看涨在过去被看作是经济实力的一种标志。而如今，大部分人认为房价高对英国是不利的。政治家们如是回答：两大政党已承诺会有更多的住房建筑。

This shift is not on display in Benfleet, which is part of a local authority—Castle Point—with the joint highest rate of home ownership in the country.Admiring the view from one resident's garden,it is hard not to sympathise with the local campaign.But every home was a newbuild once, and the costs of the housing shortage are not visible from an Essex garden.此种转变并未出现在本弗利特，它是卡斯尔波恩特(英国国会选区)的一部分，而且在乡 2页共2页

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下有着房屋所有权的高联合率。从一居民的花园外眺风景，你会感觉很难不同情当地抗议运动。但若是这里的每一处房屋都是一次建成，那么从埃克斯花园向外环望，很难看出住房短缺的损失。

3页共3页

第二篇：考研英语之自我介绍

考研英语复试之英语自我介绍

pesonel statement(introduction)

good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao,i am 22 years old.i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be accomplished in chang'an university in july ,2004;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in.i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.when i was sophomore, i found web design very interesting, so i learned it very hard.to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage.forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence.during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess.also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday,and write compositions to improve my witten ability.but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying.ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.my hometown------luoyang

i am from luoyang,a beautiful city in henan province.it is famous as the “capital of nine dynasties ” and enjoy yhe honer that luoyang peony is the best in the world.luoyang played a very important role in chinese history.so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved.such as longmen grotto, one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple, being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhism.luoyang peony is world-famous.every year, many tourists travel to luoyang to see the beauty of peony.the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travellers from all over the world.i like my hometown very much.考研面试英语口语自我介绍

good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september.now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with a ease.and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice.besides, i have attend

several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company.through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry.compared to developed countries such

as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard.but i have full confidence in a bright future

if only our economy can keep the growth pace still.i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won't give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education.i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? i cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident.sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite

pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online.through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment.by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club.i had a few glorious memory on stage.that is my pride

英文自我介绍三

General Introduction*

I am a third year master major in automation at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P.R.China.With tremendous interest in Industrial Engineering, I am writing to apply for acceptance into your Ph.D.graduate program.Education backgroundIn 1995, I entered the Nanjing University of Science & Technology(NUST)--widely considered one of the China’s best engineering schools.During the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department.I was granted First Class Prize every semester, and my overall GPA(89.5/100)ranked No.1 among 113 students.In 1999, I got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test.I selected the Shanghai Jiao Tong University to continue my study for its best reputation on

Combinatorial Optimization and Network Scheduling where my research interest lies.At the period of my graduate study, my overall GPA(3.77/4.0)ranked top 5% in the department.In the second semester, I became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only.This year, I won the Acer Scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university.Presently, I am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of Excellent Graduation Thesis.Research experience and academic activity

When a sophomore, I joined the Association of AI Enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research.In 1997, I participated in simulation tool development for the scheduling system in Prof.Wang’s lab.With the tool of OpenGL and Matlab, I designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system.It is now widely used by different research groups in NUST.In 1998, I assumed and fulfilled a sewage analysis & dispose project for Nanjing sewage treatment plant.This was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a commercial product.In 1999, I joined the distinguished Professor Yu-Geng Xi's research group aiming at Network flow problem solving and Heuristic algorithm research.Soon I was engaged in the FuDan Gene Database Design.My duty was to pick up the useful information among different kinds of gene matching format.Through the comparison and analysis for many heuristic algorithms, I introduced an improved evolutionary algorithm--Multi-population Genetic Algorithm.By dividing a whole population into several sub-populations, this improved algorithm can effectively prevent GA from local convergence and promote various evolutionary orientations.It proved more efficiently than SGA in experiments, too.In the second semester, I joined the workshop-scheduling research in Shanghai Heavy Duty Tyre plant.The scheduling was designed for the rubber-making process that covered not only discrete but also continuous circumstances.To make a balance point between optimization quality and time cost, I proposed a Dynamic Layered Scheduling method based on hybrid Petri Nets.The practical application showed that the average makespan was shortened by a large scale.I also publicized two papers in core journals with this idea.Recently, I am doing research in the Composite Predict of the Electrical Power system assisted with the technology of Data Mining for Bao Steel.I try to combine the Decision Tree with Receding Optimization to provide a new solution for the Composite Predictive Problem.This project is now under construction.Besides, In July 2000, I got the opportunity to give a lecture in English in Asia Control Conference(ASCC)which is one of the top-level conferences among the world in the area of control and automation.In my senior year, I met Prof.Xiao-Song Lin, a visiting professor of mathematics from University of California-Riverside, I learned graph theory from him for my network research.These experiences all rapidly expanded my knowledge of English and the understanding of western culture.I hope to study in depth

In retrospect, I find myself standing on a solid basis in both theory and experience, which has prepared me for the Ph.D.program.My future research interests include: Network Scheduling Problem, Heuristic Algorithm research(especially in GA and Neural network), Supply chain network research, Hybrid system performance analysis with Petri nets and Data Mining.Please give my application materials a serious consideration.Thank you very much

第三篇：2018考研英语高频句型之比较句型

东莞中公教育

2018考研英语高频句型之比较句型

考研英语长难句中常见10种结构句型，考生若是能够熟练掌握，相信分析起来会轻松不少。中公考研准备了“2018考研英语高频句型之比较句型”，希望对大家有所帮助!

一、理论常识 比较结构

1.no/not...other than 2.the 比较级„„，the 比较级„„ 3.rather...than...4.more than / no more than 5.less than / no less than 6.more A than B / no more A than B 7.less A than B / no less A than B 8.nothing else than 10.as much as 11.not as...as...12.not so much...as...二、真题举例

They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries , but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.(2006,50)【重点词汇解析】reflection，n.反射、沉思;involve，n.涉及、包含

【参考翻译】他们可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚钱，但是这些人大部分对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。

第四篇：考研英语复试之英语自我介绍

考研英语复试之英语自我介绍

good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao,i am 22 years old.i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be

accomplished in chang'an university in july ,2004;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in.i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.when i was sophomore, i found web design very interesting, so i learned it very hard.to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage.forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence.during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was

like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess.also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday,and write compositions to improve my witten ability.but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying.ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.my hometown------luoyang

i am from luoyang,a beautiful city in henan province.it is famous as the “capital of nine dynasties ” and enjoy yhe honer that luoyang peony is the best in the world.luoyang played a very important role in chinese history.so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved.such as longmen grotto, one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple, being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhism.luoyang peony is world-famous.every year, many tourists travel to luoyang to see the beauty of peony.the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travellers from all over the world.i like my hometown very much.

第五篇：考研英语应用文格式之备忘录

来源：凯程考研集训营，资料获取、课程辅导咨询凯程老师

考研英语应用文格式之备忘录

在上篇文章中，我们已经向大家详细介绍了2010年英语(一)曾经考过的应用文——通知的写作格式。对此，从第一行的题目一直到最后一行的署名，诸位即将参加考研的同学们务必要牢牢记住其中的每个细节，因为“格式恰当”也是咱们考研应用文考查的一个重要评分标准。对于应用文的几个评分标准来说，它是最简单、最容易掌握的一个;但是对于同学们来说，鉴于它的琐碎性与细节性，它又是同学们最常因为马虎粗心而犯错的一个。古人讲：“一屋不扫，何以扫天下!”因此，作为一个未来的研究生，大家不要在这样的细节上出现失误。

此外，在今天的这篇文章中，我们继续给大家介绍下一种告示类应用文——备忘录，虽然在英语(一)和英语(二)中都还未曾考过，但是咱们的两个考研英语大纲却一直都明确规定应用文考查类型中包括备忘录。至于备忘录到底是什么，有什么样的写作思路，这些我们早在系列介绍考研英语应用文的写作思路的时候已经详细地讲过，大家可以去翻阅查看。本文中主要给大家介绍一下备忘录的写作格式。

Memo

To: All Employees

From: Berry Silver, President

Date: June 22nd, 2014

Subject: Entertainments or Gifts during Spring Festival

At around this time of year, many invitations are received from companies and clients to Spring Festival dinners.Gifts are also sometimes received.I am sure that such offers only result from a job being well done and it is certainly pleasing to know that the level of service provided by staff is appreciated.However, the acceptance of any offers, entertainment or gifts, can lead to either a real or perceived conflict of interest.To ensure that this does not arise, all such offers should be declined and gifts returned.I should appreciate your understanding and cooperation.首先，与通知一样，备忘录也须有题目，但是其中不同的是备忘录的题目非常简单，就是Memo，首字母M要大写，此外它居于答题空间的首行中间位置。

其次，从第二行开始接下来的四行位置则是备忘录比较个性特殊的格式了。

第一行是“To: ”，也就是此封备忘录的写作对象，而且鉴于备忘录是一种告示类文章，那么它的收件人往往是一群人，而不再是书信之中的一个人。

第二行是“From: ”，也就是此备忘录的写作者，在这里面，既可以只写人名，也可以在人名后面加上其职位等身份，但是两者之间要用逗号隔开。

第三行是“Date： ”，也就是写作日期。英文中日期的写法我们已在上篇文章的通知中详细介绍过，在此就不再多加赘述了。

第四行是“Subject： ”，也就是整封备忘录的内容概括，但是在这边大家需要注意的是小标题的内容一定要是短语形式，而不能是一个完整的句子。

再次，上面四行内容结束之后，我们还需在其下面空出两行方能书写正文内容。至于正文的写作格式，我们则采取缩进式，即段落之间不空行，但是每段开始前都要空格，而且是四个英文字符的空间。