第一篇:关于习近平北大演讲的演讲稿
做有理想有担当的当代青年
青年是我们的未来,是我们的希望。斯大林曾这样说过。在古代,霍去病18岁当上大将军,帮助汉武帝打击匈奴,24岁病逝。我们再熟悉不过的伏明霞,14岁成为奥运历史上最年轻的跳水冠军。英国首相布莱尔34岁成为英国最年轻的首相。无数个成功人士都在自己的青年时代取得了是世人铭记的成就。毛泽东曾经说过,要做一番伟大的事业,总得在青年时代开始。那我们作为当代青年,到底该怎样做?
2014年5月4日,为纪念五四运动95周年,总书记来到了北大,参观了过后,在北大师生面前发表了讲话。
总书记在讲话中令我印象最深的一点就是指出,青年人要有理想、有担当,强调“青年一代有理想、有担当,国家就有前途,民族就有希望。“有人说,看一个国家有没有前途,只要到那个国家转上一圈,看看那里的年轻人就知道了;看一个社会有没有未来,只要到大学校园里转上一圈,看看大学生们在看什么、说什么就知道了。我曾读过萧三写的《毛泽东的青少年时代》。萧三是毛泽东的小学同学,这本书是他在1939年从苏联回到延安以后,通过和毛泽东同志的亲身接触,对周恩来、朱德等许多中共领导人的访谈写成的。这本小册子用丰富、生动的事例,真实再现了以毛泽东为代表的那一代青年人在中华民族处于深重危难的时刻如何刻苦学习、追求真理,如何砥砺精神、锻炼体魄,如何义无反顾、抛家舍业,为民族的救亡图存而奋斗的历史画面,给我极大的震撼,正因为中国有了以毛泽东为首的一大批有理想、有担当的热血青年,才有了中华民族的“旧貌换新颜”的今天
怎样做到有理想有担当?
第一,就要志存高远、心忧天下。其实听起来与我们好像很遥远,但是这是最重要的一点。总书记在讲话中强调,没有理想信念,就会导致精神上“缺钙”。2008年北大百年校庆时,钱理群教授说,现在的大学正在培养“精致的利己主义者”、“有毒的罂粟花”,直指当前青年培养上的软肋,引起广泛的社会共鸣。我们要看到,越是面对物欲横流、越是面对“精致的利己主义”的侵蚀,青年一代的理想信念才愈显珍贵。就是要把中国梦这个全国各族人民的共同理想牢固确立为个人的人生信念,自觉把“个人梦”融入“中国梦”中,在为党和人民事业的奋斗中创造辉煌的人生。
第二,要学以广才、立身修德。总书记在讲话中强调,青年的素质和本领直接影响着实现“中国梦”的进程,我们还年轻,我们还有资本。德与行是我们一生都要做的功课。
第三,就是习主席主张的我们要明辨,善于明辨是非,善于决断选择。对世界的深刻复杂变化,关键是要学会思考、善于分析、正确抉择。要树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观
总之,让我们积极响应总书记的号召,做一个真正有理想、有担当的新时期的新青年,用金色的青春为美丽的“中国梦”添彩,让我们用行动证明,我们是这个时代最好的青年!
12电子
1242030
赵一然
第二篇:北大演讲
克林顿在北京大学的英文演讲稿
PRESIDENT CLINTON:
Thank you.Thank you, President Chen, Chairmen Ren, Vice President Chi, Vice Minister Wei.We are delighted to be here today with a very large American delegation, including the First Lady and our daughter, who is a student at Stanford, one of the schools with which Beijing University has a relationship.We have six members of the United States Congress;the Secretary of State;Secretary of Commerce;the Secretary of Agriculture;the Chairman of our Council of Economic Advisors;Senator Sasser, our Ambassador;the National Security Advisor and my Chief of Staff, among others.I say that to illustrate the importance that the United States places on our relationship with China.I would like to begin by congratulating all of you, the students, the faculty, the administrators, on celebrating the centennial year of your university.Gongxi, Beida.(Applause.)As I'm sure all of you know, this campus was once home to Yenching University which was founded by American missionaries.Many of its wonderful buildings were designed by an American architect.Thousands of Americans students and professors have come here to study and teach.We feel a special kinship with you.I am, however, grateful that this day is different in one important respect from another important occasion 79 years ago.In June of 1919, the first president of Yenching University, John Leighton Stuart, was set to deliver the very first commencement address on these very grounds.At the appointed hour, he appeared, but no students appeared.They were all out leading the May 4th Movement for China's political and cultural renewal.When I read this, I hoped that when I walked into the auditorium today, someone would be sitting here.And I thank you for being here, very much.(Applause.)Over the last 100 years, this university has grown to more than 20,000 students.Your graduates are spread throughout China and around the world.You have built the largest university library in all of Asia.Last year, 20 percent of your graduates went abroad to study, including half of your math and science majors.And in this anniversary year, more than a million people in China, Asia, and beyond have logged on to your web site.At the dawn of a new century, this university is leading China into the future.I come here today to talk to you, the next generation of China's leaders, about the critical importance to your future of building a strong partnership between China and the United States.The American people deeply admire China for its thousands of years of contributions to culture and religion, to philosophy and the arts, to science and technology.We remember well our strong partnership in World War II.Now we see China at a moment in history when your glorious past is matched by your present sweeping transformation and the even greater promise of your future.Just three decades ago, China was virtually shut off from the world.Now, China is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations--enterprises that affect everything from air travel to agricultural development.You have opened your nation to trade and investment on a large scale.Today, 40,000 young Chinese study in the United States, with hundreds of thousands more learning in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.Your social and economic transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a closed command economic system to a driving, increasingly market-based and driven economy, generating two decades of unprecedented growth, giving people greater freedom to travel within and outside China, to vote in village elections, to own a home, choose a job, attend a better school.As a result you have lifted literally hundreds of millions of people from poverty.Per capita income has more than doubled in the last decade.Most Chinese people are leading lives they could not have imagined just 20 years ago.Of course, these changes have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and work, and have imposed enormous strains on your environment.Once every urban Chinese was guaranteed employment in a state enterprise.Now you must compete in a job market.Once a Chinese worker had only to meet the demands of a central planner in Beijing.Now the global economy means all must match the quality and creativity of the rest of the world.For those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting.In the short-term, good, hardworking people--some, at least will find themselves unemployed.And, as all of you can see, there have been enormous environmental and economic and health care costs to the development pattern and the energy use pattern of the last 20 years--from air pollution to deforestation to acid rain and water shortage.In the face of these challenges new systems of training and social security will have to be devised, and new environmental policies and technologies will have to be introduced with the goal of growing your economy while improving the environment.Everything I know about the intelligence, the ingenuity, the enterprise of the Chinese people and everything I have heard these last few days in my discussions with President Jiang, Prime Minister Zhu and others give me confidence that you will succeed.As you build a new China, America wants to build a new relationship with you.We want China to be successful, secure and open, working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world.I know there are those in China and the United States who question whether closer relations between our countries is a good thing.But everything all of us know about the way the world is changing and the challenges your generation will face tell us that our two nations will be far better off working together than apart.The late Deng Xiaoping counseled us to seek truth from facts.At the dawn of the new century, the facts are clear.The distance between our two nations, indeed, between any nations, is shrinking.Where once an American clipper ship took months to cross from China to the United States.Today, technology has made us all virtual neighbors.From laptops to lasers, from microchips to megabytes, an information revolution is lighting the landscape of human knowledge, bringing us all closer together.Ideas, information, and money cross the planet at the stroke of a computer key, bringing with them extraordinary opportunities to create wealth, to prevent and conquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different cultures.But we also know that this greater openness and faster change mean that problems which start beyond one nations borders can quickly move inside them--the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the threats of organized crime and drug trafficking, of environmental degradation, and severe economic dislocation.No nation can isolate itself from these problems, and no nation can solve them alone.We, especially the younger generations of China and the United States, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities.In the 21st century--your century--China and the United States will face the challenge of security in Asia.On the Korean Peninsula, where once we were adversaries, today we are working together for a permanent peace and a future free of nuclear weapons.On the Indian subcontinent, just as most of the rest of the world is moving away from nuclear danger, India and Pakistan risk sparking a new arms race.We are now pursuing a common strategy to move India and Pakistan away from further testing and toward a dialogue to resolve their differences.In the 21st century, your generation must face the challenge of stopping the spread of deadlier nuclear,chemical, and biological weapons.In the wrong hands or the wrong places, these weapons can threaten the peace of nations large and small.Increasingly, China and the United States agree on the importance of stopping proliferation.That is why we are beginning to act in concert to control the worlds most dangerous weapons.In the 21st century, your generation will have to reverse the international tide of crime and drugs.Around the world, organized crime robs people of billions of dollars every year and undermines trust in government.America knows all about the devastation and despair that drugs can bring to schools and neighborhoods.With borders on more than a dozen countries, China has become a crossroad for smugglers of all kinds.Last year, President Jiang and I asked senior Chinese and American law enforcement officials to step up our cooperation against these predators, to stop money from being laundered, to stop aliens from being cruelly smuggled, to stop currencies from being undermined by counterfeiting.Just this month, our drug enforcement agency opened an office in Beijing, and soon Chinese counternarcotics experts will be working out of Washington.In the 21st century, your generation must make it your mission to ensure that today's progress does not come at tomorrow's expense.China's remarkable growth in the last two decades has come with a toxic cost, pollutants that foul the water you drink and the air you breathe--the cost is not only environmental, it is also serious in terms of the health consequences of your people and in terms of the drag on economic growth.Environmental problems are also increasingly global as well as national.For example, in the near future, if present energy use patterns persist, China will overtake the United States as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the gases which are the principal cause of global warming.If the nations of the world do not reduce the gases which are causing global warming, sometime in the next century there is a serious risk of dramatic changes in climate which will change the way we live and the way we work, which could literally bury some island nations under mountains of water and undermine the economic and social fabric of nations.We must work together.We Americans know from our own experience that it is possible to grow an economy while improving the environment.We must do that together for ourselves and for the world.Building on the work that our Vice President, Al Gore, has done previously with the Chinese government, President Jiang and I are working together on ways to bring American clean energy technology to help improve air quality and grow the Chinese economy at the same time.But I will say this again--this is not on my remarks--your generation must do more about this.This is a huge challenge for you, for the American people and for the future of the world.And it must be addressed at the university level, because political leaders will never be willing to adopt environmental measures if they believe it will lead to large-scale unemployment or more poverty.The evidence is clear that does not have to happen.You will actually have more rapid economic growth and better paying jobs, leading to higher levels of education and technology if we do this in the proper way.But you and the university, communities in China, the United States and throughout the world will have to lead the way.(Applause.)In the 21st century your generation must also lead the challenge of an international financial system that has no respect for national borders.When stock markets fall in Hong Kong or Jakarta, the effects are no longer local;they are global.The vibrant growth of your own economy is tied closely, therefore, to the restoration of stability and growth in the Asia Pacific region.China has steadfastly shouldered its responsibilities to the region and the world in this latest financial crisis--helping to prevent another cycle of dangerous devaluations.We must continue to work together to counter this threat to the global financial system and to the growth and prosperity which should be embracing all of this region.In the 21st century, your generation will have a remarkable opportunity to bring together the talents of our scientists, doctors, engineers into a shared quest for progress.Already the breakthroughs we have achieved in our areas of joint cooperation--in challenges from dealing with spina bifida to dealing with extreme weather conditions and earthquakes--have proved what we can do together to change the lives of millions of people in China and the United States and around the world.Expanding our cooperation in science and technology can be one of our greatest gifts to the future.In each of these vital areas that I have mentioned, we can clearly accomplish so much more by walking together rather than standing apart.That is why we should work to see that the productive relationship we now enjoy blossoms into a fuller partnership in the new century.If that is to happen, it is very important that we understand each other better, that we understand both our common interest and our shared aspirations and our honest differences.I believe the kind of open, direct exchange that President Jiang and I had on Saturday at our press conference--which I know many of you watched on television--can both clarify and narrow our differences, and, more important, by allowing people to understand and debate and discuss these things can give a greater sense of confidence to our people that we can make a better future.From the windows of the White House, where I live in Washington, D.C., the monument to our first President, George Washington, dominates the skyline.It is a very tall obelisk.But very near this large monument there is a small stone which contains these words: The United States neither established titles of nobility and royalty, nor created a hereditary system.State affairs are put to the vote of public opinion.This created a new political situation, unprecedented from ancient times to the present.How wonderful it is.Those words were not written by an American.They were written by XuJiyu, governor of Fujian Province, inscribed as a gift from the government of China to our nation in 1853.I am very grateful for that gift from China.It goes to the heart of who we are as a people--the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the freedom to debate, to dissent, to associate, to worship without interference from the state.These are the ideals that were at the core of our founding over 220 years ago.These are the ideas that led us across our continent and onto the world stage.These are the ideals that Americans cherish today.As I said in my press conference with President Jiang, we have an ongoing quest ourselves to live up to those ideals.The people who framed our Constitution understood that we would never achieve perfection.They said that the mission of America would always be “to form a more perfect union”--in other words, that we would never be perfect, but we had to keep trying to do better.The darkest moments in our history have come when we abandoned the effort to do better, when we denied freedom to our people because of their race or their religion, because there were new immigrants or because they held unpopular opinions.The best moments in our history have come when we protected the freedom of people who held unpopular opinion, or extended rights enjoyed by the many to the few who had previously been denied them, making, therefore, the promises of our Declaration of Independence and Constitution more than faded words on old parchment.Today we do not seek to impose our vision on others, but we are convinced that certain rights are universal--not American rights or European rights or rights for developed nations, but the birthrights of people everywhere, now enshrined in the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights--the right to be treated with dignity;the right to express one's opinions, to choose one's own leaders, to associate freely with others, and to worship, or not, freely, however one chooses.In the last letter of his life, the author of our Declaration of Independence and our third President, Thomas Jefferson, said then that “all eyes are opening to the rights of man.” I believe that in this time, at long last, 172 years after Jefferson wrote those words, all eyes are opening to the rights of men and women everywhere.Over the past two decades, a rising tide of freedom has lifted the lives of millions around the world, sweeping away failed dictatorial systems in the Former Soviet Union, throughout Central Europe;ending a vicious cycle of military coups and civil wars in Latin America;giving more people in Africa the chance to make the most of their hard-won independence.And from the Philippines to South Korea, from Thailand to Mongolia, freedom has reached Asia's shores, powering a surge of growth and productivity.Economic security also can be an essential element of freedom.It is recognized in the United Nations Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.In China, you have made extraordinary strides in nurturing that liberty, and spreading freedom from want, to be a source of strength to your people.Incomes are up, poverty is down;people do have more choices of jobs, and the ability to travel--the ability to make a better life.But true freedom includes more than economic freedom.In America, we believe it is a concept which is indivisible.Over the past four days, I have seen freedom in many manifestations in China.I have seen the fresh shoots of democracy growing in the villages of your heartland.I have visited a village that chose its own leaders in free elections.I have also seen the cell phones, the video players, the fax machines carrying ideas, information and images from all over the world.I've heard people speak their minds and I have joined people in prayer in the faith of my own choosing.In all these ways I felt a steady breeze of freedom.The question is, where do we go from here? How do we work together to be on the right side of history together? More than 50 years ago, Hu Shi, one of your great political thinkers and a teacher at this university, said these words: “Now some people say to me you must sacrifice your individual freedom so that the nation may be free.But I reply, the struggle for individual freedom is the struggle for the nation's freedom.The struggle for your own character is the struggle for the nation's character.”
We Americans believe Hu Shi was right.We believe and our experience demonstrates that freedom strengthens stability and helps nations to change.One of our founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin, once said, “Our critics are our friends, for they show us our faults.” Now, if that is true, there are many days in the United States when the President has more friends than anyone else in America.(Laughter.)But it is so.In the world we live in, this global information age, constant improvement and change is necessary to economic opportunity and to national strength.Therefore, the freest possible flow of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respect for divergent political and religious convictions will actually breed strength and stability going forward.It is, therefore, profoundly in your interest, and the world's, that young Chinese minds be free to reach the fullness of their potential.That is the message of our time and the mandate of the new century and the new millennium.I hope China will more fully embrace this mandate.For all the grandeur of your history, I believe your greatest days are still ahead.Against great odds in the 20th century China has not only survived, it is moving forward dramatically.Other ancient cultures failed because they failed to change.China has constantly proven the capacity to change and grow.Now, you must re-imagine China again for a new century, and your generation must be at the heart of China's regeneration.The new century is upon us.All our sights are turned toward the future.Now your country has known more millennia than the United States has known centuries.Today, however, China is as young as any nation on Earth.This new century can be the dawn of a new China, proud of your ancient greatness, proud of what you are doing, prouder still of the tomorrows to come.It can be a time when the world again looks to China for the vigor of its culture, the freshness of its thinking, the elevation of human dignity that is apparent in its works.It can be a time when the oldest of nations helps to make a new world.The United States wants to work with you to make that time a reality.Thank you very much.(Applause.)
第三篇:关于习近平主席北大座谈会演讲的感想(精选)
关于习近平主席北大座谈会演讲的感想——大学生该如何践行社会主义核心价值观习近平主席从国家,社会,公民三方面提出二十四字社会主义核心价值观“富强 民主 文明 和谐;自由平等 公正 法治;爱国 敬业 诚信 友善”,在北大座谈会上指出“青少年要自觉践行社会主义核心价值观”,作为可亲,可爱,可敬,可为的大学生的我们又该如何身历量行呢?除了习主席在讲演上的谆谆教诲外,我们还可以做哪些?
树立正确思想观念,引领正确社会思潮
青年是标志时代的晴雨表,接受高端文化洗礼的我们更是国家的希望。而在当今物欲横流,人心日益浮躁的社会里,我们是否真正坚守住了自己的内心?春节联欢晚会是我们的优秀传统文化的荟萃,它真正受到过我们这些大学生的关注了吗?2014春晚受青少年热捧的原因竟是因为请来了韩国当红巨星李敏镐!青少年对自己文化的真正了解是少之又少,却对外国文化趋之若鹜。如果在学校学习的我们都不能认真看待自己的民族文化,离开学校的我们又能怀着怎样的心态去建设我们的美好社会?最近网上艺人黄海波嫖娼事件闹得沸沸扬扬,竟还有一些人站出来替他辩护,也不乏我们中的一些狂热追星族。那些网上胡言论语,扭曲别人价值观的所谓的知识分子又把基本的道德观念丢在了何处?这真是可笑之极!我们是时代的新生血液,我们是以振兴中华为目标的有志青年,我们应以我们的精气神去感染身边的每一个人,带动整个社会健康向上发展!而不是在网上人云亦云,甚至胡说八道!
学习科学文化知识,为社会发展作武装
文化是一个国家的软实力,是国家的精气魂。坐在高等学府的我们,享有最好的学习资源,处于人生最好的时刻,是学习的最好契机。在党的关怀,一代又一代的有志青年在救国图存、振兴中华的历史洪流中谱写一曲又一曲感天动的青春乐章,而处于新时代的我们又怎可懈怠?我们应该在学校认真学习最前沿的文化知识,掌握过硬的本领。在学习课本知识的同时,关注日新月异的社会,紧跟时代发展脉搏,将自己的所学和社会结合起来,使学习到的知识真正化为己用,将来更好的运用于社会,回报于社会。
独立自主,艰苦实干,为社会发展注活力
我们的祖国需要人才,更需要创新型,自主型,实干型人才。创新是国家科技发展的源泉,是社会发展的不竭动力。创新需要我们在日常学习中多思考,多钻研,抓住转瞬间的灵感。实干需要我们的高度端正的态度,需要我们的谨言慎行。为什么我们要受制于美国的经济威胁?就是因为我们的国家不够独立自主,我们的国民不够独立自主!为什么我们总有这么多高官落马,腐败问题层出不穷?就是因为我们的官员不能做到艰苦实干,一味的贪婪!
小就是大,大就是小,大事从细微出发,小事当成大事来做,每个大学生从身边做起,勇于担起历史重任,勇做走在时代前列的奋进者。
第四篇:北大校长演讲
北大校长演讲.txt33学会宽容,意味着成长,秀木出木可吸纳更多的日月风华,舒展茁壮而更具成熟的力量。耐力,是一种不显山石露水的执着;是一种不惧风不畏雨的坚忍;是一种不图名不图利的忠诚。《就任北京大学校长之演说》教案
1【积累?整合】
关于演说
演说在某种意义上,可以说是语言的艺术,它的历史与人类文明的历史一样,源远而流长。两千年前,古希腊哲学家、美学家亚里士多德写了具有划时代意义的经典著作《修辞学》一书,详细地阐述了修辞的艺术,告诉我们如何运用语言的魅力影响听众的思想,进而影响其行为。演说以其撼人的感召力,世代沿袭,风靡于世界,不仅成为文明的一种标志,也成为现代政治角逐、商业竞争甚至于日常生活中不可或缺少的一个组成部分。二战时期坐轮椅的美国总统罗斯福曾拖着残疾的身体巡回演说,让美国人民了解了他的思想。
演说是面对观众,这就使演说的内容即演说词受到些限制。首先,内容上要有针对性,要注意听众的身分,研究听众的愿望,讲大家最关心和迫切需要解决的问题,做到有地放矢。其次,中心要突出,因为听众是听,而不是看,演说词要便于听众理清演说的思路,抓住演说的中心,理解演说的思想。再次,演说词要富于感情,这是与听众直接交流的一种方式,感情应是真挚的,不能张口训人,也不能众取宠,要打动听众的心灵,引起听众的共鸣。演说词还要在事例的选取、语言的加工上下一番功夫。
蔡元培先生一生著作等身,为海内外学人所敬仰;演说无数,演说词也成为极具阅读价值的文本。《蔡元培讲演集(NEW)》(马燕编)收集他的演讲词九十篇。作为一个革命家、思想家,他在演说中的教育思想正体现了中国近现代社会转型期的时代特色,他的演说可谓高屋建瓴。通过阅读,我们可以体会到他在教育、美学、文学、艺术、音乐等方面的广博知识。教育方面的演说词占很大比重,除了《就任北京大学校长之演说》外,还为北大写了《北大二十周年纪念会演说词》、《北大校役夜班开学式演说词》、《北大新闻学研究会成立演说词等》。在演说录集中我们看到,蔡元培先生对中国教育的贡献并不仅仅停留在思想的层面上,更在于他提出并实施了许多具有深远意义的主张和措施。从他的演说词中,我们感受到一名学者和思想家的包容性的襟怀及坦荡无私的崇高境界。
桥边红药 18:56:59
【感受?鉴赏】
《就任北京大学校长之演说》是一篇浅易的文言演说词。它具有优秀的演说词的特点,同时又能体现出蔡元培先生先进的教学思想。
1.作为演说词的特点
本文在行文结构上开门见山,接触正题,以校长的身份,提出对学生约法三章,层层深入,说明了演说的意图,都直接关系到学生以至于学校的前途,有针对性,能抓住听众的心理。每天段的开头句都是该段的中心句,不旁逸斜出,便于听众把握演说的要领,并能引发听众的思考。演说的内容做到了中心明确,主张什么.反对什么,讲得清楚明白,有一定的感召力,能给听众留下深刻的印象,引起强烈的反响。在语言上,没有生僻词语,虽是浅易文言文,但由于多用短句,并不觉得晦涩,相反对于北大学生这样的听众来说,更是言简意赅,令人回味;,有些口语富有表现力,能引起听众的兴趣。严肃中还有体帖,可谓语重心长。
2.内容上的特点
在行文过程中,作者不避矛盾,虽寥寥几语,可对现实的分析却精辟透彻。可见作者对北京及北京大学的了解程度,并在任职伊始,就指出了北京大学的发展方面。作者在接任校长的职位之前,就向汤尔和先生,了解了北京大学的情况,所以确定第一要改革的,是学生的观
念,要求学生学实际知识,放开学生的思想,让其自由健康地成长。为了达到这一目标,在不到十天的日子里,就聘语积学而热心的陈独秀先生,解聘不称职教师,让学生乃至于社会看到了改革他改革的决心和力度。作者针对北京社会的“风俗日偷,道德沦丧”的现状,对学生提出了德育的新要求,做到了有的放矢。希望学生在污浊的社会环境中能够修心养性,能以天下为己任,经身作责,担当起拨乱反正的历史使命。对敬爱师友的要求,可以看作是品德教育的另一侧面。显然只有这样,才会在北京大学形成一个良好的求学环境,才能形成良好的校风。
3.关于图书一事。
蔡元培先生一贯对图书和图书馆有着深厚的感情。他曾在中国科学社明复图书馆开幕及中国版本展览会开幕典礼上致词,强调科学家对于图书的重视。在他的心目中,图书馆是学校之外的最重要的教育机构。在任职演说上,他就把充实图书馆做为一项重要的工作纳入改革的日程中。且在书籍的内容上也做了说明,这和他推行的著名的“思想自由、兼容并包”的治校原则是分不开的。学生可以通过具有先进思想的新出的书籍更新旧的观念,也利于学生对知识的深入研究。在任职后,他曾亲自为图书馆筹募资金,开源节流,以购图书,还曾向社会倡导图书馆向社会开放。可见,蔡元培先生对图书馆的一往情深。
【思考?探究】
《就任北京大学校长之演说》的社会意义和哲学意义
蔡元培先生在就北大校长任职演说中,对学生约法三章,对他以后在北大的改革,起着举足轻重的作用。他所创造出一系列行之有效的,迄今尚有很高现实意义的教学理念,具有长久不衰的生命力。直到现在,把这篇演说词选到高中课本,仍有一定的现实意义,有种于高中生远离世俗的侵扰,树立正确的世界观。
在现代文明高度发展的今天,人们对物质种益的追求越来越强烈。“天下熙熙,皆为利来;天下攘攘,皆为名往。”在一部分高中生的眼中,考大学还是摆脱现实的困窘升官发财的一条捷径,花苦功夫只为考个好大学,使自己有个好前程。不仅在学生中,即使教师在对学生教育中,也会隐约流露出这样的思想倾向。而部分大学不再把追求高深学问作为它的目标,学校里人文课程被功利主义者嗤之以鼻,不予重视。学校没有一个好的导向,势必会对学生误导,使他们通过学校对社会有了一鳞半爪的了解。
自实施素质教育以来,全国各学校似乎都把对学生的德育教育放到一个重要的位置,一时之间,德育教育像是成了学校教育的一个重要课题。但事实上,很多学校对学生还是侧重于知识的传受,把升学率看做是最重要的问题,而对学生的德行教育还是流于形式,背离了使学生全面发展的教育方针。由于学校疏于管理,很多学生贪图享乐,宽松了对自己要求。一些不法分子常常在学校附近开网吧等娱乐场所,使学生沉溺于其中,荒费了学业,甚至造成了严重的后果。
现在的学生多是独生子,多是家中的小皇帝,很多学生很自私,有唯我独尊的性格特点。在家眼里没有父母,把父母看成是自己的奴仆。在校眼里没有师长,在老师批评时以怒目相对,对同学,合得来的讲哥们义气,合不来的动辄以打骂解决问题。在近些天,常有校园或与学生有关的家庭恶性事件发生,造成极坏的影响。
由此看来,蔡元培先生的这篇演说词还在为中国教育敲着警钟。
【拓展?延伸】
1998年戊戌变法失败,蔡元培先生看清了中国的现状,清醒得认识到,要想变革必须先行培养人才,于是他走上了倡导教育救国的道路。他先后在多所大学从事教育工作,推行先进的教育方针政策,力图打破封建主义坚固的落后教育堡垒,培养对社会发展有利的人才。在1916年12月蔡元培被任命为北大校长之前,北大已换过五任校长,并未能改变北大的局面,许多人劝他不要就任,以免因改造不好而于声名有碍,但他毅然赴任,于1916-1926年任北京大
学校长(实际1923年离北大)。在任职演说中,对学生约法三章,锐意改革。他首先整顿了教师队伍,就职不到十天,就聘请陈独秀为文科学长,之后又积极聘请学识渊博且思想进步的刘半农、鲁迅等加入北大行列。对不称职的教师坚决辞退,不予任用。其次蔡元培先生树立了良好校风,要求学生“以研究学术为天职”鼓励学生多方学习,形成自己富于个性的独特思想,形成了独立进行专业研究的能力。再次,他还实行了开放性办学的方式,打破“男女授受不亲的古训,接收女学生,这是男女同校的开始。
就在作者任职两年半之后的1919看,他曾写宣言〈〈我绝对不再做那政府任命的校长〉〉,一度要求辞职。辞职理由有三点:第一,校长的身分为半官僚性质,于是生出许多官僚的关系,有着无数的繁文缛节,受管制太多,令人痛苦;第二,无法达到思想的自由,北京大学,向来受旧思想的约束,令人窒息,对新思想如同对待“洪水猛兽”,强行干涉;第三,北京正是风俗日偷,道德沦丧的社会,将人沾染上污浊。蔡元培先生虽然态度坚决,但并未能辞去北京大学校长的职务,因为北京大学离不开他。在几年的时间里,蔡元培先生以他先进的教学思想、广博的学识以及个性的人格魅力,打下了北大百年的基业,得到了广泛的认可和赞誉。在“兼容并包、思想自由”教育方针的指导下,北大形成了前所未有的一种新局面。毛泽东尊称他为“学界泰斗,人世楷模”。
第五篇:比尔盖茨北大演讲全文
比尔盖茨北大演讲全文
[日期: 2007-05-08 ]来源: 经管学办作者: 经管学办
我今天上午非常激动的来到这里,来谈一谈软件的未来,软件在未来的二十年将改变世界,将比其它任何东西更能改变世界,实际上它将极大的改变世界,对我们所有人都将是非常令人激动的一段经历,软件把世界连接起来,把人们连接起来,把思想连接起来。而且,创造更高的效率,赋予我们更多的力量,这就是我们这些有想法的人们要更多的在这方面作出贡献,我们使这个世界便的更加小。微软公司非常幸运的能够参与到软件的革命当中来,从一开始就是如此。我在高中的时候,和朋友一起看到微处理器的一篇文章,当时芯片功能非常有限,我的朋友告诉我,这芯片还会有进一步的改进,并且他还提到了每两年就要更新一倍的摩尔定律,我们认识到这是很重要的,我们也希望参与其中,我们也很奇怪为什么其他人没有看到这一点呢?仍然在想计算机是很大的,组织一些大的工具,而不是特别使用的工具,不是赋予人们力量,创造力的工具,不是帮助人们沟通的工具,当时人们是这样认为的。在过去三十年个人电脑在不断的改进,微软公司也已经走过了三十年,我们走过了漫长的历程。我们现在有六亿台计算机在全球,而且都是联网的,它也在这些信息的交流,我们还有一些软件的工具,人们在使用这些工具,但是我们还仅仅是起步而已,我们从很多方面而言都是起步的,包括我们在软件方面发生的力量,包括我们看到的我们为经济提高效率所做的工作,我们都只是做这样的工作。人们经常是低估了软件改变世界的能力。在八十年代,人们认识到硬件在不断的改进,摩尔定律使得我们有能力来引入图形的用户界面,在九十年代人们认识到连接性得到了改进,那么在九十年代末期,我们看到有很多新发起的公司,并预测因特网如何改变世界,有些预测是相当乐观的。当然,当时提出的一些想法,基本上后来都破灭了。当然,商业效率会进一步提高,有能力人也会找到更好的工作,而不是这样的。这十年来所取得的进展将继续的在硬件和连接性发展方面得到反应,软件不是可以看到的东西,所以很多人在低估软件的重要性,他们并没有看到这方面我们所奠定的基础,比如说要连接计算机所奠定的基础,以及我们解决一些复杂问题的软件,如何让机器相互的互动,比如说语言的识别,语音的识别,视频的识别等等,这也是信息技术当中非常好的领域。
我们到中国来很高兴看到这么大的变化,尤其是看到中国非常重视教育,很多领域对人们进行教育,尤其是计算机技术方面。中国在运用软件,实现经济现代化方面有很多工作可以做。中国也可以为世界作出贡献,进一步提高软件的质量,这也是为什么微软公司坚定的承诺与中国的公司、大学、政府建立伙伴的关系,把这些发展尽可能快的予以实现。那么,我上次到中国来之后,我们看到取得的进展比我们预料要大的多。那么,硬件的进展,也使得我们得到刚才谈到的一些突破,比如说我们现在有了64位的计算,这使得我们计算非常简单。而且,我们也看到存储现在也更加顺畅,从八位到六十四位,而且还看到计算机的兼容性,从二十位技术到二十四位技术是很复杂的,到了三十二位技术,因特尔公司有很多存储方案,在这里我们仍然运用三十二位系统,现在又有了六十四位系统。而且,在这方面,我们指令级用的还是同样的指令级。因此,在内存方面不会有什么限制。即使是网络的速度,现在也已经看到一些新的进展,人们有的时候还是在想到我们在视频数据方面建立的网络是彼此分开的,有的时候视频主要是通过广播系统实现的,尤其是有线网络实现的,而实际上未来电视可能会出现更多因特网的内容,而且是实现端到端的连接。所以,人们可以在电视上看到他们想看到的东西,而且可以看到高清晰度的东西,在他们想看的时间里来看,而且广告也会更加符合他们兴趣爱好,使得广告发布也更加有针对性。现在,网络的速度已经可以达到几米的速度,而且它的速度还会进一步的增快,而且因特网的发展也向我们展示了我们用这些额外的带宽可以做什么,我们可以看见存储量是这样的,可以看到音乐、电影、照片,可以是用很低的成本,走一走可以看到你们喜欢的歌曲带在身上,这是非常有意思。微软公司还有它的合作伙伴,一个人在他的脖子上挂了小的照相机,在白天自动的拍照,如果发生新的事情可以拍照,而且照片马上又能够进行归类。我们就可以把你们的历史,把你们的经历,一生的经历记录下来,和孩子其他人分享,然后你可以自动的来浏览这些东西,我想这也是一种应用,我想这也是硬件的进展使我们软件成为可能。在我们谈到音乐照片的时候,我们完全是用数字的模式来思考着,在不久之前我把我的女儿带到一个唱片长,她问我唱片是什么呢?当然她并没有看到一个唱片,因为像CD、DVD今天可能是非常热门的。但是,以后随着高速的无线网络发展,这些媒体还是否会像今天这么重要呢?包括把照相机以高清晰度的形式接入到手机形式当中,使得人们彼此和家庭成员交换照片,现在大家可能已经习以为常了。还有一些数字个人认证系统,它也使得我们效率更高。还有供应链,大家要了解到底买了什么东西,到底在使用什么东西,这些资源在什么地方。现在,已经变得非常实用,就是因为他们有了数字的标签。这方面软件产品正在推出过程当中,软件的产业有成千上万的公司,微软公司对此也感到自豪,在我们启动的时候当时并没有所谓的软件业,并没有把软
件当做一个创造价值的行业,他们认为硬件是一个因素。软件的设计,包括应用和操作系统,都没有受到足够的重视,而且现在软件是非常重要的,它的投资额也非常高,它的进步也非常大。我们合作伙伴都取得了成功,合作伙伴包括全球合作公司,传播我们的经验和知识。为了给合作伙伴更好的平台,我们研发工作翻了一番,我们在研发方面花了68亿美元,可以说很大的部分都是进入我们中国研发部门,因为中国取得了巨大的成功,我们在研究院,在中国建立了合作伙伴关系,促进了这些向前的发展。现在,大家很清楚一点,现在计算机并没有达到应有的水准,不是太可靠,本来可以更可靠。而且,它的能力也不是强有力的,而且不是达到了应有的安全度。有些人讲是不是这种事情越来越复杂,把我们带到错误的方向,我们从来不能把计算机做的这么安全,这是一些问题,比如说把程序建立正确,这是科学当中几十年讨论的问题。但是我们现在看到随着把互联网尽可能做到安全,更可靠,我们正在考虑认证它们的可靠性,这帮助我们减少了安全化的代码,我们确保这些代码是安全的。要解决这些问题,在全球都进行科研工作,我们正在把它们做成产品,这些问题是可以解决的。在安全性方面,关键的一个技术就是我们所谓的隔离的问题,和全球计算机联系在一起的时候,人们充分利用这种连接性,可以非常清楚了解哪个计算机可以跟其它计算机沟通,并且能够识别正确的,到底谁发送这个信息,这是一个正常结构的部分。互联网针对一个事情设计非常好,如果一个地方出现了问题,其它地方可以运作下去。但是,基本的设计当中,比如说在探测一些恶意使用方面,这方面也有考虑,比如说互联网邮件的规程协议并没有,所以这个邮件发给别人,欺骗别人,人们觉得这是银行发的保密信,或者说你应当买这个产品。那么,这是互联网标准当中的一个局限,我们必须要解决这个问题,必须确保我们知道到底这封信是从哪儿来的,我们可以把这个浏览确定一下,做一个优先的规定。我们必须把软件更新,一旦进行沟通之后,必须要改善,必须要进行修改,必须要按照网络速度,使得大家可以做到更好的更新。我们需要这些验证的技术,需要高层的软件更为安全,我们需要确定一下到底是谁来使用这个网络。
其中一个具体的问题,我们现在所谓的垃圾邮件,在我们这个收件箱每天当中都有成千成万的垃圾邮件,有一些邮件是非常有意思的,有些人给我发一个大学的学位,我没有这个学位,我就点一下,看一下,我一点会有更多的垃圾邮件过来,怎么解决垃圾邮件的问题呢?可以看一下内容进行过滤,选取这种方法,这种方法已经在使用了,而且取得了一定的成功。但
是,我们需要还更进一步,也就是说要验证一下这个给你发邮件的人,是不是应当引起你的注意,因为这是一个缺稀的资源。随着真正的确保,发信的人是不是要给你发信的人,给这个人列一个表,这个封是可以接受的。但是,有些人来的信你们也是想接到的,所以需要有一些技巧技术,证明一下你值得看这封信,有一个很好的想法,就是让计算机做充分的工作,对那些陌生人更容易让他们计算机做这个事情。但是,我们这么做使得垃圾邮件的成本会更高,我们有一些新的技术,会把它放到电子邮件当中。我们促进这个事情,做到这个事情,就可以解决垃圾邮件问题,至少不像现在这么严重。我们把这些计算机连在一起的时候,人们觉得马上可以实现买卖在全球进行,找到最好的产品,找到最好的咨询人员。但是,非常不幸的是高层的描述,来实现这种丰富连接描述是不存在的。这些高层的协议都是超过互联网协议的,他们现在正在开发之中,现在使用这样一些服务,未来这些年我们看到会把它们建立起来,所有计算机互相连在一起,不管是什么操作系统,什么语音开发软件,都可以进行非常丰富的沟通讲安全问题,讲可靠性,而且可以讲工作流,两个组织可以互相合作,可以使用安全的数码方式,这是一个主要的突破。这会给世界经济带来什么东西呢?大家在进行商业运行的时候,商业伙伴是有益处的,大多数人并没有认识到,他们怎么样把工作做的更好,获得更多的信息,怎么做这个事情。比如说客户的信息,他们的想法,以及市场上出现了什么情况,他们的同事向你来咨询,那么这里面设计一个新模型的时候,或者是把这个信息给你的员工,让他们有创造力,有效率,这个是软件做的工作,我们这个工作刚刚开始,为了做到这个事情,我们必须拿出一个非常新的方法,可视化的做法,比如图形可视化的做法,放到软件当中去,这时候企业工作达到应有的速度,可以使用一个完全数字的方法,不会由于缺乏信息而使工作效率降低。很好的一个例子,比如说开会,有一些会不能深挖信息,看一个销售的数字,这个数字比较小,大家要看看到底问题在哪儿呢?什么造成销售不够,在什么地区销售什么情况,现在很难做到这个事情。但是,我们现在不仅仅是讲这个案头的东西,讲一个屏幕的时候,比如说想象一个平板,一张纸,信息是活动的,可以点击获得情况,做一个注解,我们可以看,我们用更多的方式来工作,比现在案头方式多很多。还有一些软件可以提供出来,给我们工作人员在全球使用,成本也非常之低。还有这些器械之间交流非常重要,关键问题很多情况下不管是开会也好,还是医生到医院来,我们使用墨水,能够识别这个墨水,这个笔记是非常重要的,语音的识别也是非常重要的。比如说我们开会,我们可以制作一个会议的记录,而且应该成为一个普通的东西,翻译的时候也成了问题,我们现在正在这方面取得进展,希望可以在具体某一个固定的领域和自动的方式来进行翻译。我们听到很多人他们在手机上写信息,这是一个非常好的工具,但是如果加上语音识别的能
力那就更好了。比如说我们想将来有这个手机,要买一个产品,手机上有一个软件,有一个照相机,照一下相,软件可以识别出来,比较公平的价格是什么,最好的价格是什么,可以告诉你这个产品顾客对它的评论,竞争对手的产品,使你更有效,可以货比三家。你需要做的事情,软件多可以帮助你做这些事情,帮助你体验更为美妙的工作。在通讯方面,我们还有太多的事情,E-mail地址太多,包括瞬间的聊天,软件应当帮助我们,非常重要的一点,开会的时候,可能会出现有一些电话不太重要,不应当在不方便的时候打进来,现在看到手机要么是打开,要么是关掉,所以必须加进去一个软件帮助解决这个问题。我们可以看到纸和无纸的世界,还有智能的笔,可以帮助我们跟踪一下这个笔记,来跟踪一下研究的情况,来协调一下工作人员的工作,这是非常重要的一个事情。现在应该使我们写更少的软件,现在公司要写成百万的代码,但是我们有很好的技术,用数学的方法,我们就可以把这个事情做的非常之简单。所以,必须要建平台,这个平台应该是速度很快的,应该是可靠的。这个平台不断的能够改善作为低成本的电脑的速度,比如说使用Windows和Intel的硬件,这应该是一个里程碑的事件,我们也使用新技术,比如说自动恢复,我们看到一些监测的技术,看看是不是会出现问题,或者说为什么会感到很沮丧?比如说我们Office系统帮助的东西放在服务器上,大家可以跟它有交互,有交流,如果大家有糊涂的地方,可以马上进行改善,把它做得更好。还有服务的问题,把事情都连在一起了,这样可以使我们把系统用自动方式进行管理,把应用连在一起,这是一个非常好的合作,公司因为非常激烈的竞争,包括IBM和微软也是竞争很激烈的,我们也是进行合作,来建立这些标准。
通过这些新的方法,我们可以考虑这些复杂性的问题,然后把它解决,也就是说这是考虑一下你想要什么服务,系统提供什么服务,下面我们确定一下你使用什么硬件,能够替你来解决这个事情,计算的成本还可以继续下降的。作为经理,卖这个软件,大批量卖计算机,能够使我们计算解决方案越来越便宜,这样量上去,会使我们势头更为强劲,软件工具需要向前发展,这样我们可以建立一些模式,来测试,可以更精确,还可以进行验证。我们并不是把老的东西抛弃了,老的系统慢慢会淡出的,这是过去的东西。但是,我们不会出现一种不连续的情况,或者说这个标准一下子断掉,我们把外部服务放在系统上面一层,我们让系统,袖珍的设备和PC是这样的,我们不应该用手工方式来做。如果你有很多的PC,所有信息都在这上面,应该是一种丰富的,自动方式摆在上面。如果你回家之后,通过轻松的声音辨别,电视屏幕和互联网在一起,可以进行通信。这方面很好的一个实验,就是说人们可以做游戏,可以和宽带连在一起,跟你朋友在一起做交谈。我们做下一代的产品,会把这个功能置进去,这样我们在中国也发布这个产品,这样使体验更好。我们也考虑边界的问题,通讯的边界和娱乐的边界,要打破这个边界。前面你们也听到张亚勤先生介绍的,我们要使得这些设备越小越好,放到口袋里面,我们也在这方面投资了很多的资金,我觉得这个机会也是非常大的。我看到昨天我们一个合作伙伴向我们展示了他们用手机运用我们的一些软件,我们可以来看一看在某一个特定时刻,一个特定地点,北京交通状况的视频图象,觉得这是非常令人惊异的,我们的确可以使得这些设备更加有用,这也把我们创新的工作有很好的例子,中国的市场不仅仅是最大的,而且从很多方面来说也是最具有创新性的一个市场,我们也在进行越来越多的研发工作,我们在这里和合作伙伴进行工作,我们对我们未来工作充满期待。
所以,软件是一种奇迹,我们在过去二、三十年一直持有软件梦想,我想你们大家有机会实现这些梦想,这是软件的黄金时代。我们来想一想它给我们带来的变化,包括改进教育,改进我们产品的设计,使得我们更好的接触全球各地的人们,使得我们共同努力形成合力。这里我们可以说是无所不及的,我们没有任何的界线,也许软件可能是最令人激动的一个行业了,没有什么其它行业可以和我们相比,我们希望你们能把它变成现实。
谢谢!