wolf totem狼图腾英语简介及评论

第一篇：wolf totem狼图腾英语简介及评论

Have you ever read the novel--“Wolf totem[ˈtəʊtəm]”(狼图腾)? I guess most of you have seen this movie.The movie “Wolf totem” is adapted from the novel whose author is Jiang rong(姜戎)。I have read this book, it’s great.Actually, it has taken 30 years of Jiang Rong's life to complete the novel “Wolf Totem.” In fact a work of this depth can hardly be called a novel, but rather a piece of research, with folk tradition(民间传统), history and philosophy（哲学）。After all, it tells the inhabitants’ life in(inner Mongolia内蒙古)and their complicated feelings towards the wolf.They hate wolf, because wolf invaded their home.But they also need wolf to help them to keep the ecological balance.Grassland wolf is the Mongolia’s national primitive totem(蒙古民族的原始图腾).According to the hero “Chen zhen” who is the educated youth(知青)and went to inner Mongolia.At first, he was afraid of wolf, but finally,he was addicted with wolves’ spirit.Now there are many disagreement about wolf totem and dragon totem on the Internet.What’s more, many people think the author’s philosophical ideas has problem.I don’t think these are the essence of this novel.In my opinion, “freedom, independent, brave spirit, never surrender character ”are the “Wolf Totem” themes and writers real expectation.

第二篇：狼图腾简介及初中生学习方法

《狼 图 腾》

姜戎

我们是龙的传人还是狼的传人？《狼图腾》是世界上迄今为止惟一一部描绘、研究蒙古草原狼的“旷世奇书”。阅读《狼图腾》，将是我们这个时代享用不尽的关于狼图腾的精神盛宴。因为它的厚重，因为它的不可再现。因为当初任由蒙古铁骑和蒙古狼群纵横驰骋的游牧草原正在消失，所有那些有关狼的传说和故事正在从我们的记忆中退化，留给我们和后代的竟然仅仅是一些道德诅咒和刻毒谩骂的文字符号,如狼吞虎咽，这使我们对狼不由得有了厌恶之情，而狼图腾使我们感受到了狼的宁死不屈的精神。狼和蒙古族人的血性，净化我们的灵魂，因此，我力荐这本书，希望大家看后能有所领悟，谢谢。

《生命之美》

生命就是希望，是人生行程的曙光。漠视生命，那可能使你自己仅有的一点希望之光熄灭，消逝。随之而来的只有伸手不见五指的黑暗，你会坠入不见天日的深渊。生命中不是永远快乐，也不是永远痛苦，这两者是相辅相成的。正如花朵一般，花开时是美好的，花落时也是美好的，因为花朵已重归大地母亲的怀抱。这样看来，快乐固然好，痛苦又何尝不美丽？生命就是如此，当步向积极时，往往能展现一份从容之美。生命是五彩缤纷的。要懂得赏识生命中的美，懂得发

掘生命中的美。不要让生命白白流失；不应无声无息地，平平淡淡地虚度光阴。即使生命中遇到了困难，不要悲伤，不要心急，这些日子终究要过去，快乐的日子将会来临。放开胸怀，勇敢面对，那不是更好吗？也许正是因为经历了这些不幸，才让人觉得生命的美丽，而并非处处是黑暗。正如不经风雨，怎见彩虹？生命正是要在最困厄的境遇中，才能发现自己，认识自己。生之力量是那样强烈，让人不禁为它的顽强而惊讶。这就是生命，生命的美之所在，生命的让人震撼之处。生命的本能是那么尊贵，生机意是如此不可抑制。没有这样的经历，也许我不知道这生命的力量会是那么强大。生命是高尚的，是自由自在的，是美丽的。我敬佩生命，我崇拜生命。那是一种高贵的美，是一种顽强的美；是一种永恒的美。地球正因为生命而变得神奇辉煌，变得无比绚丽，变得神秘莫测。美丽因生命而存在，生命因美丽而永恒。

学习方法

课堂上，要求认真听讲，学会记听课笔记。随着学习内容的扩大加深，要求能够学会独立思考，对学习材料进行逻辑加工，做到学得活、记得牢、用得上。

学习方法的转变：小学阶段，的学习科目相对较少，能按时完成作业就可以了，但初中阶段，课程设置增多，考试题更为灵活，讲究活学活用，必须改变以往写完作业万事大吉的做法，主动复习当天所学的知识，除了老师所留的作业，还应该多做参考资料，加深理解，拓宽知识面，由依赖性学习向主动、独立性学习转变。

生活习惯的转变：中学课程紧，内容多，在学生生活上必须有规律，紧张起来，制订适合自己的作息时间表并自觉遵守，保证作息有规律。学习成绩的好坏，往往取决于是否有良好的学习习惯，特别是思考习惯。

总是站在系统的高度把握知识：很多同学在学习中习惯于跟着老师一节一节的走，一章一章的学，不太对意章节与学科整体系统之间的关系。随着时间推移，所学知识不断增加，就会感到内容繁杂、头绪不清，记忆负担加重。任何一门学科都有自身的知识结构，学习一门学科前首先应了解这一系统，从整体上把握知识，学习每一部分内容都要弄清其在整体系统中的位置，这样做往往使所学知识更容易把握。追根溯源，寻求事物之间的内在联系：学习最忌死记硬

背，重要的是弄清楚道理，所以不论学习什么内容，都要问为什么。即使你所提的问题超出了中学知识范围，甚至老师也回答不出来，但这并不要紧，要紧的是对什么事都要有求知欲，好奇心，这往往是培养我们学习兴趣的重要途径，更重要的是养成这种思考习惯，有利于思维品质的训练。发散思维，养成联想的思维习惯：在学习中我们应经常注意新旧知识之间、学科之间、所学内容与生活实际等方面的联系，不要孤立的对待知识，养成多角度地去思考问题的习惯，有意识地去训练思维的流畅性、灵活性及独创性，长期下去，必然会促进智力素质的发展。知识的学习主要通过思维活动来实现的，学习的核心就是思维的核心，知识的掌握固然重要，但更重要的是通过知识的学习提高智力素质，智力素质提高了，知识的学习会变得容易。所以上面讲的学习的三个学习习惯实质上是三种思维习惯。

理解记忆法：只有深刻理解了的知识才能牢固地记住它。所谓理解是指当提到某一知识时，头脑中就能够想到跟它有关的事实，知道它的应用或意义，了解它跟有关知识的联系。

联想记忆法：利用联想来增强记忆效果的方法，叫做联想记忆法。联想，就是当人脑接受某一刺激时，浮现出与该剌激有关的事物形象的心理过程。一般来说，互相接近的事物、相反的事物、相似的事物之间容易产生联想。

第三篇：《狼图腾》评论：我们需要这样的团队精神

《狼图腾》评论：我们需要这样的团队精神

前段时间读了姜戎先生的《狼图腾》，心灵深处产生一种强烈的震撼，久久不能释怀，总觉得应该表达一下自己的心迹，写点心得与大家分享。

众所周知，在以农耕为主的汉族文化里，人们对狼的厌恶可谓根深蒂固。它们是很多故事中的反面角色，长期与贪婪、凶残、狡猾、忘恩负义等负面词汇联系在一起。然而在《狼图腾》中，作者根据知青时期的真实经历和个人感悟，赋予了它们更为深刻的意义，使其以一种全新的形象进入公众的视野，一举颠覆了我们从前对狼的片面印象。

如果单打独斗，狼绝不是虎、豹的对手。但在广袤的蒙古草原上，狼却轻易击败了这些竞争者，将所有的猛兽逐出自己的势力范围。为什么会出现这样的结果？那是因为狼更加依赖群体的力量。就像书中描述的那样，狼群有严格的战术和纪律。在战斗中，每只狼都有自己的任务，任何狼都不能擅离职守。头狼昂首一呼，主攻者奋勇向前，佯攻者避实击虚，助攻者蠢蠢欲动，后备者厉声而嚎以壮声威。所有的行动都在狼王的统一调度下进行，只要首领一声令下，群狼便各就各位，奋勇出击，互为呼应，有条不紊，极具渗透力和胁迫感。因而在草原上，任何动物都不是狼群的对手，哪怕是万物灵长的人类，也不时会受到威胁。

读完这本书，我相信不同的人站在不同的角度会有不同的感受，哲人有哲人的理性思考，文人有文人的浪漫情怀。海尔集团董事局主席张瑞敏给予《狼图腾》高度评价，他曾谈到：“狼的许多战法值得借鉴。第一、不打无准备的仗，踩点、埋伏、攻击、打围、堵截，组织严密，很有章法；第二、最佳时机出击，保存实力，麻痹对方，并在其最不易跑动时，突然袭击，置对方于死地；第三、最值得称道的是战斗中的团队精神，协同作战，甚至不惜为了胜利粉身碎骨、以身殉职。商战中这种对手最恐惧，也最具杀伤力。”张先生以一位企业家的敏锐嗅觉，发现并认可了狼团队合作、勇于牺牲的优秀品质。我认为,不仅对于企业家而且对于任何团队的组织者和领导者来说，狼的这一精神都非常值得思考和借鉴。

狼性理念的最基本特征在于它的团队精神，在于高度的组织性、纪律性，敢于战斗、敢拼能赢的气概共同铸就的强大合力。书中所描绘的狼的精神，其实可以概括为不屈不挠、勇敢顽强的进取精神和相互信赖、齐心协力的团队精神，这就是《狼图腾》给我的启示。

一个优秀的部门、单位，必然拥有一个团结协作、积极进取的团队。打个比喻，我们确定需要完成的活动任务好比为“选定猎物”，我们制定活动方案好比为“战术部署”，开始实施则是“进行围猎”，在这一过程中，团队精神非常重要，必须有人负责居中调度，有人负责对外联络，有人负责后勤保障，有人负责现场秩序……只有大家各尽其责、密切配合，各项工作才能有条不紊地推进，最终一起分享成功的喜悦。反过来，如果分工不明确、责任不到人、协调不妥当，那么很可能有了事情，大家不知道如何做，更不知道谁去做，出现相互推诿的现象。

如果一个部门、单位的干部职工能够像狼群一样团结协作，形成一个上下齐心、坚定顽强的工作团队；每一位工作人员都能清楚个人和团队的共同目标，明确自己的角色定位和在团队中的作用，放弃个人主义思想，认识到任何个人脱离团队都不能最大限度地发挥自己的作用，将个人发展与团队发展有机地协调统一起来，那么这个团队所能迸发出的执行力和战斗力，一定要比团队成员个体能力之和大得多。

在书中我们看到狼为了其他的同伴能够吃到羊，而甘做梯子，让其他的狼从自己的背上“飞”入羊圈而自己先看着，这就是一种牺牲精神，而这恰恰是很难做到的。一个优秀的团队在需要每一个队员都具有强烈的拼搏意识的同时，也需要每一个队员在团队需要他付出一部分牺牲时无条件的付出。

“一滴水只有放在大海里才能永不干涸”。团队的作用恰在于提高组织的绩效，产生1+1>2的效果。团队的力量不仅是智慧的相加，而且是精神的平方；建设好的团队文化既是一种战略，更是一种责任。

第四篇：英语摘抄+评论

English extraction

B12 张皓婷 201411143017 Part 1 摘抄；

Facing the Sea With Spring Blossoms— Hai From tomorrow on, I will be a happy man.Grooming, chopping and traveling all over the world.From tomorrow on, I will care foodstuff and vegetable.Living in a house towards the sea, with spring blossoms.From tomorrow on, write to each of my dear ones Telling them of my happiness What the lightening of happiness has told me.I will spread it to each of them Give a warm name for every river and every mountain.Strangers, I will also wish you happy.May you have a brilliant future May you lovers eventually become spout May you enjoy happiness in this earthly world!I only wish to face the sea, with spring blossom

Comments;This poem is written by Hai zi.In this poem, he gives his best wishes to every one.May you enjoy happiness in this earthly world.He wants every one can get happiness.He said he only wished to face the sea, with spring blossom.But he suicide after a month.He put all his wishes into this poem and then chose to end his life.I really appreciate Hai zi.And I want to be a happy man, face the sea, with spring blossom.Part 2 摘抄：

There is no royal road to science.(Karl Marx, German revolutionary)

Genius only means hard-working all one's life.(Mendeleyer , Russian Chemist)

Comments:

Most people are biologically endowment with almost the same I.Q., but some of them get success owing to some important reasons among which it is diligence.For instance, a Chinese famous mathematician Chen Jinrun’s great achievement is his hard working on math.Secondly, diligence may lead to success while laziness must result in failure.Success means that we fulfill a goal which is challenging、meaningful.If we can not try our best and be industrious to realize the goal, how can we get success? What I think is the courage.I am sure that no one dare say he hasn't met any trouble all his life.So we must face failure.In fact, failure is not fearful, but important thing is how to face it correctly.Facing failure, people will never take their fate lying down.They will try their best to work harder and harder until at last they succeed.Not being courageous to face setbacks, people have no chance to enjoy the pleasure of success.So they have nothing to do but feel sad and empty all day and all night.In fact, they lose the chance of

Part 3 摘抄：

Life is full of confusing and disordering Particular time, a particular location, Do the arranged thing of ten million time in the brain, Step by step , the life is hard to avoid delicacy and stiffness No enthusiasm forever, No unexpected happening of surprising and pleasing So, only silently ask myself in mind

Next happiness, when will come?

Comments：

Life is always confusing.We may find it interesting or boring, which may bothers us sometimes.But no matter what is coming soon, we are supposed to grow happiness wherever we may go, love and laughter are surely bound to grow, and we will find happiness is always around us, life is full of laughers.Part 4 摘抄: love is the best thing we do.This saying not only goes for our family, but also for our friends, the strangers.For our family, love, in my opinion, is learning to sacrifice and pay back.It is impossible for the persons in a family to count out who gives the most and who gets the most.People just give what they have to the one they love without complaints.Besides, the one who are loved will give the love he or she gets back to the people or even give more.Because love can grow with more love.For our friends, love is to understand and share with each other.Under most circumstances, we share our opinions, talk about them and don’t worry about other things;we all understand each other.For the strangers, love li to respect.No matter what our ages, our families, our positions, our beliefs, our salary are, the speeches we state should be respected, like the words’ disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”(Voltaire)

COMMENTS: none of us can vow to be perfect.In the end all we can do is promise to love each other with everything we have got.Because love’s the best thing we do.Part 5 摘抄.These walls are kind of funny like that.First you hate them, and then you get used to them.Enough time passed, get so you depend on them.That’s institutionalizing.Comments:

Brooks had the freedom of the body, but his soul has been irrevocably institutionalization.He finally failed to get rid of the plight of freedom which he cannot adapt to.Yet wise, such as Red who also sadly found that he even reported to the manager when he wanted to pee, or a drop of urine were not crowded out.He was considering how to break the rules in order to go back to the prison, and even considering leaving like Brooks.The examples above can explain the sentence.We all live in institution, we adapt to it, and nobody wants to or even is able to change.Part 6 摘抄：o matter how well it begins or ends, every fairy tale has a villain.In my storybook adventure in Sinatra, a Portuguese town about 20 miles west of Lisbon, it was the hands of the clock.Roaming the pristine grounds of castles high in the hills, I wished that time would stand still.Fifty-three minutes was all it took to travel back several centuries.The train that pulled out of Russia station, a major transportation hub in Lisbon, was filled with the distractions of the modern age.It wasn’t until we had passed the penultimate stop, where the only other passenger in my car stepped onto the platform that the scenery started to feel otherworldly.Staring out the window in reverie, I marveled at the swirls of color whooshing past.By the time I stepped off the train, all traces of Lisbon had disappeared.What greeted me were hallmarks of quaintness: a smattering of restaurants and mom-and-pop shop, pleasantly sleepy streets and a street clock as old-fashioned as they come.But despite the pleasant scene, I couldn’t help but stare into the distance, recognizing the steep slopes and explosion of greenery depicted in local postcards.Walking back to the inn around midnight on empty sidewalks flanked by empty parks----a situation I would avoid in Manhattan----I felt safe, as if the town were my own.Comments

To live in fairy tales is the dream of many who were children.But how many know that there is exactly a place like that?

Sinatra is such a place.There’re so many scenes: the bubblegum-hued Montserrat Castle, the lemon-yellow Queue Castle, the contemplative convent of the Capuches, and the charmingly kitschy tram that could whisk me away to the beach along the Atlantic.Happily ever after couldn't last forever, though.We need to return to the real life, how can we keep the same good mood in the real life? I think that's why we like to decorate our dormitory.Better environment makes us happier.Part 7 摘抄：Everyone has their own dreams, I am the same.But my dream is not a lawyer, not a doctor, not actors, not even an industry.Perhaps my dream big people will find it ridiculous, but this has been my pursuit!My dream is to want to have a folk life!I want it to become a beautiful painting, it is not only sharp colors, but also the colors are bleak, I do not rule out the painting is part of the black, but I will treasure these bleak colors!Not yet, how about, a colorful painting, if not bleak, adds color, how can it more prominent American? Life is like painting, painting the bright red color represents life beautiful happy moments.Painting a bleak color represents life difficult, unpleasant time.You may find a flat with a beautiful road is not very good yet, but I do not think it will.If a person lives flat then what is the point? Life is only a short few decades, I want it to go finally, and each memory is a solid.Comments: your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude.We only live once, but if we do it right, once is enough.Our life is so short, and everyone will die.Our life is so long, we can do many things.So, try new things as much as possible.Go to different places, try different food, and meet different people.We can’t decide how long we can live, but we can decide how excellent we live, ok? So my dear friends, don’t waste time, cherish every second when you are young.Part 8 摘抄：It’s not what you do once in a while, it’s what you do day in and day out that makes the difference.Comment: I think all of us believe it is true absolutely, and it seems to be not difficult as your thought, but can you finish it easily? It is said that the hardest thing is not climbing the highest hill but do little thing constantly because persistence is the most precious treasure.Part 9 摘抄： Be a friend Be a friend.You don't need money;

Just the wish to help another, Get along some way or other;

Just a kindly hand extended Out to one who's unbranded;Just the will to give or lend, This will make you someone's friend.Cheer the youth, who's bravely trying, Pity him who's sadly sighing Just a little labor spend On the duties of a friend.Be a friend.The pay is bigger than is earned by people clever In what's merely self-endeavor.You'll have friends instead of neighbors。

For the profits of your labor You'll be richer in the end Than a prince, if you're a friend.Comments：

Being a friend has nothing to do with money, status or something else.You just need to be considerate and willing to help.Being friendly is the best way to make friends.When friends are upset, you are supposed to be a good listener and cheer them up.When friends are in trouble, you are supposed to give a hand and help them out.A friend is someone will always support you and share good things with you.Thanks, all my friends.Part 10 摘抄:Sometimes the last person on earth you want to be with is the one person you can’t be without.Comments: In my daily life, I treated the familiar ones too rigorously but treat the strangers too friendly.I guess in my mind, the familiar ones will never leave me alone.However, they always get hurt in that way.I am reminded that the happiness in my life is decided on a few people who I love.It is not mandatory for me to please others by posing myself.Yes, maybe someday the last person on earth I want to be with will be the one person you can’t be without.There are always some people who love you so much no matter how bad you are, and there are always some people who hate you no matter how perfect you are.I think the right way is being what you are inside.Part 11 摘抄：Since ancient times, teaching has been a noble profession.And teachers are often compared to “gardeners” and “candles” which burn themselves but light the way for others.This indicates that people have a special respect foe teachers and the job of teaching.In survey the history of Chinese education, we can see teachers are not only holding the responsibility of transmitting knowledge but also setting good models for students in morals, ethics and patriotism.And many brilliant examples are throughout history.Comments: Today, it is encouraging that there are a large number of education workers who are willing to dedicate themselves to the educational business.They are strict in teaching, have a wide range of knowledge and work with tireless enthusiasm.They work silently, seeking no personal fame.All these demonstrate the noble and pure personality of teachers.Part 12 摘抄：

Then the wandering soul wild crane stands still the memory river Listen to whistle play tightly ring slowly, Water rises a ship to go medium long things of the past.Wait for a ship’s person Wait for one and other, But hesitate always should ascend which ship Missed Had to consign the hope to next time, Finally what to wait for until has no boats and ships to come and go, Sunset west.Comments: Chances are always hard to grab.So please do not hesitate when chances come.Do not stand long and wait for the next, thinking the next would be a better one.In this way, you will only find that all boats and ships had already gone.

第五篇：军事小说简介 《生命之水越界行动》及评论

“现在读书网”连载军事小说简介：

（故事纯属虚构）

《生命之水越界行动》

作者：瓦西里孟

2040年，中国接连三年遭遇特别严重的干旱，淡水资源极度匮乏。这引发了国内社会危机和经济危机，国家面临着**的危险。中国政府寄予希望的“从境外引水”的谈判一再受阻。此时，特级飞行员李大水从东北地区调到了西北地区某轰炸机团，驻扎在1号军用机场，任 “信天翁YX-01号”隐形轰炸机中队长。01号系中国空军各项性能均已超过美、俄两国的最先进的四架重型轰炸机之一。探亲期间，他为救坠落山崖的 “艾滋孤儿 ”身受重伤。不久，其父为乡亲们拉 “甜水 ”滚下深山沟身亡。其母因多年饮用受到污染的井水而罹患上肝癌，含悲去世。妻子由于受到市场经济大潮的冲击，其价值观、人生观发生了变形、扭曲，与他离婚。他的精神几近崩溃，差一点儿发生重大的飞行事故。团党委命令他停飞。他对E国的“贝贝拉湖”产生了浓厚的兴趣，下载了有关该湖的图片和文字资料。复飞后不久，他终于等到了夜间空投实弹的那一天。李大水驾驶着 “信天翁-01号”轰炸机在飞往戈壁滩靶区的途中，突然改变航向，越过边界，躲过E国雷达的跟踪，以超高速迅速爬升到E国“米—99”战斗机和“飞雕—空对空”导弹奈何不得的高度，将两枚各重12吨的高爆钻地炸弹投到了“贝贝拉湖”陡峭的岩石岸边（其淡水容量占全世界淡水储备量五分之一，曾经是中国的“北海”）。返航途中，飞机上四台发动机全部停车。李大水为了不使“信天翁 ”落入邻国而泄密，借助飞机的滑翔优势飞到了祖国的领空内。然而，在迫降过程中，右侧机翼撞到高压输电线铁塔上断成两截。巨大的惯性使李大水不幸遇难。

“炸湖事件”在国内外引起了轩然大波。李大水的遗书说明他的动机：“‘炸湖’不过是对E国强盗逻辑的一个象征性的警告，迫使他们接受一个新的理念，这就是‘面对人类生存的问题，资源应该共享’。”

不久，E国主动提出重开有关 “中国引进‘贝贝拉湖’水的第38次谈判。充满智慧的中国领导人充分利用了这一契机，化解了国内淡水资源匮乏引发的危机。“艾滋孤儿”以优异成绩考取了县一中，但未被录取。他把李大水留给他的125万元抚恤金分别做了处理后，告别“李大水之墓”，勇敢地走上打工之路，追寻成为“中国飞人”的梦想。作者的话：

人无近忧，必有远虑。国家亦然。我国是世界上人口最多的国家，水资源总量为28000亿立方米，占全球水资源的6％，居世界第四位，但人均只有2200立方米，仅为世界平均水平的1／

4、美国的1／5，在世界上名列121位，是全球13个人均水资源最贫乏的国家之一。将来一旦遭遇严重的干旱，淡水资源极度匮乏将会引发各种危机，因此，未雨绸缪，早作准备是上上策。

拙作具有前瞻性和预见性，故事虽是虚构的，但却有着现实背景。相信大家会被感动的。

********************************************************************* 评论

《具有时代精神的佳作》

作者贴着主人公的心路历程写，用自己的笔触摸人物心灵、与人物的情感世界对话，张扬英雄身上的精神感召力。小说尊重现实主义写法的高度真实感，注重细节的合理与可靠，注重具体环境中人物性格的塑造，注重通过言行写人的性格和精神世界，让人深为触动。写时代英雄，纪实的、虚构的、诗歌、散文、小说，均应得到发展。

一个民族、一个国家，要成就伟大事业，需要有伟大的精神。文学的力量让英雄的精神感召力更为真切，英雄叙事激发人们感悟和接近英雄的热情，为当今文学创作提出了不少值得讨论和回应的话题。

英雄是“大写的人”，是一个民族、一个国家在思想道德、境界品格等方面 的楷模，他们由于品质优秀、行为超群或无私忘我而令人敬佩。英雄从来就是人类社会中的卓尔不群者，是在一个国家、一个时代里能够作出多数人做不出的许多事情、走在多数人前面许多的人，他们作为先进力量的代表，体现着社会进步的要求，反映着时代发展的本质特征，能激发人们对美好未来的积极追求，能激励人们见贤思齐、积极向善，向来是文学艺术着力表现的题材之一。为英雄写史立传是古今中外文艺史上最悠久、最正宗的传统。正如人类早期把自己的文学创作叫做英雄史诗一样，中国文学为英烈写史的传统同样十分悠久，从代父从军的花木兰到精忠报国的岳飞，这些故事讲述着英雄们的大义凛然、坚毅执着和大智大勇，表彰着他们保家卫国不屈不挠，为国捐躯在所不辞的业绩，回荡着对国家的忠诚挚爱，反映着对勇气、名誉、气节的誓死捍卫，其投射的精神光芒永久照耀后世。共和国的建立迎来了全新的时代，创造着全新的文学。开启了英雄叙事的新时代，以其对爱国主义、英雄主义、集体主义的艺术化张扬而成为革命文学的经典，为鼓舞和教育人民发挥了积极作用。新时期特别是新世纪以来，英雄叙事弘扬主旋律、体现多样化追求，为我们的创作提供了许多值得借鉴的形象文本。

我们身处一个英雄辈出的时代。英雄叙事彰显社会主义核心价值理念，是弘扬主旋律，体现多样化的要求，是社会进步、时代发展的要求，从电影《郭明义》、《钱学森》热映，到长篇小说《雷锋》反响良好看，社会对英雄叙事有期盼、有需求，发展空间很大。但目前情况看，如下一些矛盾关系的存在，影响和制约着英雄叙事的进一步发展，需要认真关注和处理。

一是动员与自发关系。长期以来，英雄叙事创作主要靠发动，写英雄模范、反映先进模范分子，经常与配合形势教育、主题宣传联系在一起，基本上是自上而下的文学实践，上级宣传部门的宣传、倡导与要求，往往成为这类题材创作的直接动因，作家自己主动参与、投入比较少，两者不成比例，是需要扭转的。

二是纪实与虚构关系。目前英雄叙事以报告文学等纪实类作品居多，长篇小说尚不多见。由于多为行政推动，加之强调时效性、纪实性，要求短期内出作品，行政诉求导致这类纪实性作品往往“一窝蜂”出现。纪实写作快捷、直接、及时，便于号召，便于操作，能够立竿见影。长篇小说素有民族精神史诗之誉，在概括生活、彰显价值、刻画心灵等方面具有强大优势，英雄叙事中的长篇小说等文体不应缺位。

三是创作与评论关系。总的来看，写英雄、颂英雄的创作普遍存在发动时热闹、中间冷清，出来乏人关注的现状，由于以动员式、响应式创作为主，就会出现开始时声势浩大，写出来后少人问津、不吸引人的现象，直接影响社会传播和读者接受。

从创作者的主观原因上讲，影响英雄叙事发展的因素概括起来主要有如下几点。一是受“为尊者讳”思维定式的影响。不少英雄叙事是延伸宣传的先入式创 作，大多从英雄无可置疑的完美性出发，不愿触摸真实的英雄，其实英雄是立体的完整的人而非完人，要写心、画魂才能立传才能达到艺术真实。二是过分依赖现成材料。不少英雄叙事是基于事迹材料的生发，不愿创造机会深入挖掘素材、提炼主题。粗枝大叶的积累，匆匆忙忙的写作，导致感染力、可读性弱。三是写法缺乏突破意识。创作者对写好英雄缺乏信心，不主动、不看好，认为写“好人好事”没法超越、突破，切入点单

一、视角单

一、处理方法单一等现象有所存在，艺术上成熟的还较少。