第一篇:十九大报告初心的不同翻译表达
“初心”的不同翻译表达初探2016年7月1日中国共产党成立95周年首次提出2017年***元旦讲话
2017年政府工作报告
2018年八一建军节阅兵仪式讲话
十九大报告
stay true to the missionremain committed to our missionremain true to the founding missionremember where we start in the first place根据不同语境出现六种不同表达详见下
“初心”这个词首次出现在正式官方讲话中是在2016年中国共产党成立95周年习主席讲话上,随后在2017年元旦讲话,2017年政府工作报告以及2018年八一建军节阅兵仪式讲话中也多次出现。而在十九大报告中出现了6次。
一建党95周年大会讲话
Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee, on Friday called on his comrades to “stay true to the mission” taken up by the CPC 95 years ago.中共中央总书记习近平上周五号召同志们“不忘初心”,不要忘记中国共产党95年前成立之时的最初使命。
二 2017年新年元旦讲话
我们要牢记为中国人民和中华民族作出贡献的前辈们,不忘初心、继续前进。
We will always cherish the memory of the forefathers who have made great contributions to the Chinese people and the Chinese nation.We will remain committed to our mission, and continue to forge ahead.三2017年政府报告 隆重庆祝中国共产党成立95周年,隆重纪念中国工农红军长征胜利80周年,宣示了我们不忘初心、继续前进、战胜一切困难的坚强意志,彰显了全国人民走好新的长征路、不断夺取新胜利的坚定决心!
We celebrated the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Long March of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, demonstrating our unshakeable will to remain true to the founding mission of the Party, to keep pressing ahead, and to overcome all difficulties, and showing the firm determination of all Chinese people to keep up our stride on the new Long March and continue striving for new victories.(注意:提到了2016年是建党95周年,红军长征80周年,因此,“不忘初心”就显得更为具体一些,用的是remain true to the founding mission.)
四 2018年建军90周年大会
我们要不忘初心、继续前进,坚定不移走中国特色强军之路,把强军事业不断推向前进。We should remember where we started in the first place, keep moving forward, stick to strong armed force with Chinese characteristics, and push the army career to higher levels.提出了“不忘初心”,即党的建军伊始的使命,用了remember where we start in the first place.五十九大报告
六次出现的“初心”一词并不完全使用同一词来表述,而是根据不同的语境,做了不同的处理。
1第一次出现是在报告的主题语,即“不忘初心,牢记使命,高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,○决胜全面建成小康社会,夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦不懈奋斗。”
对于“不忘初心,牢记使命”的译文是:
Remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind
2第二次和第三次出现,是报告重点讲述中国共产党成立之初的使命。因此,“初心”就回归到了○字面意思,即所谓的“最初的想法”。
不忘初心,方得始终。
Never forget why you started, and you can accomplish your mission.这个英文句里where you started,就与在建军90周年大会上的讲话一样了。
在接着对“初心”的解释话语里,提示了它的内涵,即“为中国人民谋幸福,为中华民族谋复兴”。这时,“初心”在句子里,用一个词(original aspiration)来表达的效果会好于一个从句(where you started):
中国共产党人的初心和使命,就是为中国人民谋幸福,为中华民族谋复兴。Theoriginal aspiration and the mission of Chinese Communists is to' seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation.3第四次出现的“初心”与第二个和第三个是在同一段落里,共指同一个意思。不过,为了避免重○复及啰嗦,英文里用了founding aspiration,强调建党之初时的志向。
这个初心和使命是激励中国共产党人不断前进的根本动力。
This founding aspiration, this mission, is what inspires Chinese Communists to advance.4第五次出现的“初心”是成一个俗语之中,即“初心不改、矢志不渝”之中。这个是一个励志型的○比喻,强调不忘本,于是英文就使用了founding mission。
九十六年来,为了实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史使命,无论是弱小还是强大,无论是顺境还是逆境,我们党都初心不改、矢志不渝,Over the past 96 years, to accomplish the historic mission of national rejuvenation, whether in times of weakness or strength, whether in times of adversity or smooth sailing, our Party has never forgotten its founding mission, nor wavered in its pursuit.5第六次出现的“初心”,○更多地是与第一个“初心”相同。不过呢,英文并没有拘泥,或者说偷懒,而是用了前几次讲话英文版里使用过的词:stay true to our founding mission.在全党开展“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育,用党的创新理论武装头脑,推动全党更加自觉地为实现新时代党的历史使命不懈奋斗。
We will launch a campaign on the theme of “staying true to our founding mission” to enable all Party members, especially officials at and above the county and director level, to arm themselves with the Party's new theories and become more purposeful in working tirelessly to accomplish the Party's historic mission in the new era.注意“初心”通常和“不忘”搭配,在上面的译文中,用了never forget, stay true, remain committed to。
第二篇:不同文体翻译
复习版笔记(3)第三部分:不同文体翻译 散文翻译
一、散文的特点
散文是文学中常见的体裁,它选材广泛,结构灵活,表现手法多样,如叙事!抒情!议论等,主要特点是:体物写志,行散神聚。―形散―是指散文运笔如风,不拘形式,清淡自然;―神聚‖指意旨明确,紧凑集中,既散得开,又收得拢;既有豪放的特色,又有清幽的特征。真正的散文是充满诗意的,就像苹果里饱含着果汁一样(巴乌斯托夫斯基语)。优美的散文艺术性在于新颖的构思,充沛的感情,丰富的想像,简洁精粹的语言和耐人寻味的意境“散文也常常被比作小而境界深邃的园林。作者运笔看似信手拈来,实则字斟句酌,环环相扣,使读者浮想联翩。文论家刘勰说道: ―情动而言行,理发而文见‖,由此可见散文贵在以巧取胜,以巧妙的语言、巧的意境来打动读者,给读者以最大审美愉悦。既然散文有丰富的艺术魅力,那么它的审美效果又如何在译文中传达呢?俄国著名翻译家吉加切奇拉泽在《文艺翻译与文学交流》一书中谈到文艺翻译的总的指导原则时认为:―理想的文艺翻译首先是在艺术上,而不是在语言上和原文一致。即使达不到这一目标,也应全力以求,离目标越近越好‖。在加氏看来,作家的思想表现在文字形象以及一定的语调和节奏结构上,每个句子由若干语调、意群或若干句素组成,它们的意义合构成句子。因此,他认为文艺翻译的过程也应当根据上面的模式进行。不过译者不能机械地重复创作过程的所有阶段,译者应努力把通过文字形象表达的原作的思想用另一种语言再现出来,当然同时要有兼顾文学文本所特有的语调、节奏和句构特点,作为文学翻译形式之一的散文翻译,自然也要求译者在传译过程中,不仅要传达出原文的语流!节奏和句子结构等语义信息,更应着重传达原文的艺术神韵,以使目标读者在读译文时可以获得和原文读者读原文时同样的语义和美学的双重享受。
二、散文英译
以张培基的《英译中国现代散文选》为例:(一)句子短小精悍,结构简单
从理论上说,英语语言与汉语语言相比,英语句子―常常是环扣相嵌,盘根错节,句中有句‖,也就是所谓的―楼房建筑法‖(architecture style)。而汉语以散句、松句、紧缩句、省略句、流水句等短句居多[4 ](P48the26)
译文句子多为简单句和并列句,译文干净、利落,通俗易懂,给人一种清爽自然之美,而没有盘根错节之迷惑。(二)用词简单、通俗
张培基先生在翻译散文时, 很少使用生僻词(bigwords),主要使用普通的形容词、副词和动词等,以达到言简意赅。例如:
1.他的脑子也不小,但他的记性却不很精明,他的思想也不很细密。———《差不多先生传》His brain is none too small ,but he is weak in memory and sloppy in thinking.2.他用两手攀着上面,两脚再向上缩;他肥胖的身子向左微倾。??过铁道时,他先将橘子散放在地上,自己慢慢爬下,再抱起橘子走。———《背影》His hands held onto the upper part of the platform ,his legs huddled up and his corpulent body tipped slightly towards the left , ??In crossing the railway track,he first put the tangerines on the ground ,climbed down slowly and then picked them up again.3.燕子去了,有再来的时候;杨柳枯了,有再青的时候;桃花谢了,有再开的时候。但是,聪明的,你告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢? ———《匆匆》If swallows go away ,they will come back again.If willows wither,they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade,they will flower again.But ,tell me ,you the wise ,why should our days go by never to return ?
从以上的摘录我们可以看出,张先生翻译的风格用词方面朴实无华,对保存原文风格起到至关重要的作用。(三)修辞上力求通俗易懂
一般说来,散文中修辞格用得相当少。但张培基先生在翻译中对于这一小部分语言要素也不忽略,认真处理,使译文没有生硬的感觉。例如:
1.他也说我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃。———《朋友》(借代)
He also says that I would have nothing to live on once I should lay down my pen.意译法处理该句符合英语表达习惯,如直译为―have no rice to eat‖,一定会引起歧义,让人费解。
2.弓儿似的新月,挂在树梢。———《笑》(明喻)
The crescent new moon looked as if hanging on the tips of the trees.译文仍然用比喻的修辞手法翻译原文的比喻,但却转移了喻体, ―弓儿似的‖如果直译成bowdecision‖等.但作为外事翻译主体,必须清楚其翻译的目的和意图,外事翻译强调翻译的程式化和庄严化,所以在翻译时可以采用的策略受到严格限制.《中英联合声明》不是一个简单的条约或者协议,因此在翻译的时候为了明确表达《中英联合声明》的内在意义及庄重性,选择的词汇是―Joint Declaration‖.同样的道理,在《联合声明》中,一个重要的内容就是表明中国政府对香港―恢复行使主权‖.但是在―恢复行使主权‖的翻译上,中英双方有很大分歧.中方最初先提议用―recover sovereignty‖,英方提议用―a transfer of sovereignty‖。很明显,由于翻译主体的不同,彼此表达的意义完全不同.中方的翻译是―收回主权‖,而英方的翻译是―主权移交‖,而且由于不定冠词―a‖有贬低―移交‖的意义,因此英方的翻译是我方不能接受的.最后,经过我国法律专家的研究后,认为使用―resume the exercise of sovereignty‖较为恰当,这一译文表明:我们国家以前对香港的主权,并不是―丧失‖,而是由于种种原因―未能行使‖,现在则是重新―恢复行使主权‖。可见,定稿后的译文就正确的反映了翻译主体的意图 2)译文的可接受性
译文的可接受性指的是译文是否符合目的语的文化和体裁惯例,是否通俗易懂.可接受性的高低直接影响翻译的效果.外事翻译与文学翻译不同的是,它并不强调语言的优美而侧重于语言的可接受性及理解性.作为传递信息的主要载体,翻译中应侧重于忠实和连贯:即要遵守外事翻译中的准确性及精确性、一致性及同一性、专业性和规范性原则.例如1999 年10 月我国外交部发言人曾就巴基斯坦局势发表看法:―我们十分关注巴基斯坦的局势发展,正在进一步了解情况.‖我国翻译人员把这句话译成―We are very much concerned about the developments in Pakistan and making further investigation into it‖.这样的翻译就不符合巴基斯坦的文化惯例.因此,巴基斯坦驻华大使在新闻发布会后,立即要求中国政府做出澄清.因为―concerned‖一词含有否定意思,即有不好的事情发生时,某人对此表示―关注‖.。巴基斯坦大使认为,中国和巴基斯坦是―全天候朋友‖,中国政府不应该用与西方国家相同的词来表达态度.因此,将原文译成―We have been watching the developments in Pakistan very closely and are waiting for further information‖,则既能表明中国政府在巴基斯坦问题上的一贯立场,又能够避免上述矛盾的产生.3)文化的特殊性
翻译目的论认为翻译不仅是语言的翻译,而且也是文化的翻译,翻译涉及两种文化的比较.文化的特殊性是指在进行两种文化对比时,存在于一种文化而不存在于另一种文化的现象.外事翻译首先就是一种跨语言、跨文化的翻译.我们不仅要掌握语言的表面形式,还要熟悉语言深层的文化内涵.如果我们不尊重和不了解外国受众的思维习惯,超越语言和文化的差异,熟练地运用贴近其信息需求和思维习惯的英语语言,我们的传播效果就会受到很大影响.例如,央视国际网站有关中国新闻的一则报道: ―Chinese leaders have joined noted intellectuals at a party to celebrate the Lantern Festival.The event took place at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.‖
分析: 对中国受众来说, 没有必要对―Lantern Festival‖加以说明,因为都知道这是元宵节,农历正月十五,是家人团聚的时刻.但这一点需要向外国受众说明,不然他们会感到困惑:为什么中国领导人要与著名知识分子一起欢度这个节日呢? 当然,在新闻里,不能提供太具体的背景知识,要恰到好处,呈现出最重要的信息.建议:―Chinese leaders have joined noted intellectuals at a party to celebrate the Lantern Festival ,an important day for a family reunion ,which marks the end of the Spring Festival celebration.3 外事翻译中的主要失误 1)语言性翻译失误
这种失误主要包括语句型和语意型两种.前者如语法误解、单词误看、短语误识等等;后者如过度意译、断章取译、逻辑混乱等等.例如,1999 年3 月朱总理在回答《时代》周刊记者时说:―我不认为我对美国的访问将要进入‗地雷阵‘,但是确实会遇到很多敌意和不友好的气氛‖.译文: I don‘t think my visit to the United States will bring me into a minefield ,but I do expect to encounter some hostile or some unfriendly at mosphere there.该译文用了―bring into‖和―I do expect to encounter‖,似乎访问美国就是进人地雷阵并确实期待敌意.若改为involve entering 和may really meet 则更贴切.改译: I don‘t think my trip to the United States involves entering a minefield ,but I may really meet with much hostility or unfriendliness there.2)文化性翻译失误
与语言性失误相比,文化性翻译失误是一种宏观与具体层次上均存在的―功能性翻译失误‖.目的论所说的文化性翻译失误指译文中与译语文化规范和惯例相冲突之处,在外事翻译中主要体现在术语的随译.例如:计划经济时代,我国提到的―外向型经济‖就是指以出口为主的经济,因此译文可以是―exportmarket-oriented economy‖.又如,对于―五讲四美三热爱‖的译文:―the movement of five stresses ,four points of beauty , and three aspects of love ,‖这就是一个存在失误的译文,很多外国人误解为―五个重点,四个美女,三个情人‖.这就是一种文化性的失误,直译导致了内容的歪曲,信息的损失,理解上的困难.因此,可以采取补加译注或解释性的翻译,使原语内容准确传递给读者.改译为:―stress on decorum ,manners ,hygiene ,discipline and morals;beauty of the mind ,language ,behavior , and the environment;love of the motherland ,socialism and the Communist Party.‖对于这种中西文化差异以及汉语表达的浓厚中国特色带来的障碍,就要求译者具备娴熟的双语基本功和广博的文化知识,能根据上下文准确理解原文习俗语的喻义并加以变通。
复习版笔记(2)第二部分常用翻译技巧
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。
1增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或”There be…“结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如:(1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语)
(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)
(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)
(5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps.(增译连词)
(6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)(7)在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the
strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)(8)三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)
2.省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如:(1)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)(2)I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)(3)中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省译名词)
3转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如:(1)我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。
Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(名词转动词)(2)Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)(3)由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(动词转名词)(4)I'm all for you opinion.我完全赞成你的意见。(介词转动词)
(5)The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(动词转名词)
(6)In his article the author is critical of man's negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中,对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。(形容词转名词)
(7)In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些欧洲国家里,人民享受最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等。(被动语态转主动语态)
(8)时间不早了,我们回去吧!
We don't have much time left.Let's go back.(句型转换)(9)学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.(名词转副词)
4.拆句法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如:
(1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。(在主谓连接处拆译)
(2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)
(3)This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain's membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account 英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)
(4)中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged inagriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合译)
5.正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如:(1)在美国,人人都能买到枪。
In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.(正译)
In the United States, guns are available to everyone.(反译)(2)你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
You can obtain this information on the Internet.(正译)
This information is accessible/available on the Internet.(反译)(3)他突然想到了一个新主意。
Suddenly he had a new idea.(正译)
He suddenly thought out a new idea.(正译)
A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.(反译)(4)他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。
He still could not understand me.(正译)
Still he failed to understand me.(反译)(5)无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。
She can hardly be rated as a bright student.(正译)
She is anything but a bright student.(反译)(6)Please withhold the document for the time being.请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译)请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)
6.倒置法:在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如:
(1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)
(2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置)
(3)改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
7.包孕法:这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时,把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长,否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。如:
(1)You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close.您是一位来自于使中国倍感亲切的国家和大洲的代表。
(2)What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.使我们走到一起的,是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。.插入法:指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中,即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。如:
如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的”带来灾难性的影响“,那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难,做出决策。
If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, ”disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.9.重组法:指在进行英译汉时,为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯,在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上,彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式,对句子进行重新组合。如:
Decision must be made very rapidly;physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事,而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此,一旦考虑成熟,决策者就应迅速做出决策。
10.综合法:是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时,着眼篇章,以逻辑分析为基础,同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。如: How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe? 欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献,使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力,使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响,并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢?
第三篇:专利翻译典型表达
(专列翻译专题)专利的主要结构、典型表达、权利要求书、专利词汇
1.专利的主要结构 [19]中华人民共和国国家知识产权局 [19] State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China [12]实用新型专利说明书 [12] Specifications of Utility Model Patent [21]专利号 [21] Patent No.[45] 授权公告日 [45]Date of Authorized Announcement: [11] 授权公告号 [11]: Authorized Announcement No.:
[22] 申请日 [22] Application date: [74] 专利代理机构 [74] Patent agency [21] 申请号 [21] Application No.代理人 Agent: [73]专利权人 [73] Patentee: [72] 发明人 [72] Designer: 权利要求书1页 One page of Claims, 说明书3页 Three pages of Specifications(Specifications→Description)附图1页 One page of Drawings [54] 实用新型名称 [54]Name of Utility Model [57] 摘要 [57]Abstract 说明书 Specifications 权利要求书 Claims 技术领域 Field of the Invention 背景技术 Background of the Invention 发明内容 Description of the Invention 附图说明 Brief Introduction of the Drawings 具体实施方式 Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments 说明书附图 Drawings
2.专利的典型表达 由于采用了上述技术方案: Due to the adoption of the technical scheme 它是在现有技术的基础上进行改进而实现的: The utility model is realized on the basis of the modification of the prior art 本实用新型由于采用上述结构: Because the utility model adopts the structure 本实用新型较之原有: Compared with the prior art 其技术特征为: The technique is characterized in that 通过上述结构: by the structure
本实用新型由于采用上述结构特征: Because the utility model adopts the structure characteristics 本装置使用时: When the device is in use 在使用本实用新型时: When the utility model is used 由于采用以上技术方案: Due to the adoption of the technical scheme 由于采用如上的设计方案: Due to the adoption of the above design scheme 由于采用了上述的解决方案: Due to the adoption of the solution 通过以上改进方案: by the improved scheme 本实用新型实现后: After the utility model is realized 技术特征是: The technique is characterized in that 本实用新型与已有技术相对照: Compared with the prior art 本实用新型克服现有技术存在的不足: The utility model overcomes the defects existing in the prior art 本装置的主要结构是: The primary structure of the device is that 本实用新型由于采用了上述结构: Because the utility model adopts the structure 本实用新型较之现有技术: Compared with the prior art 本实用新型同已有的技术相比: Compared with the prior art 由于设计科学合理: Due to the scientific and rational design 由于采用以上结构: Due to the adoption of the structure 通过上述技术方案: by the technical scheme 该装置与已有技术相比: Compared with the prior art 该装置使用时: When using 本实用新型在使用中: When the utility model is in use 本实用新型与已有技术比: Compared with the prior art 由于采用了上述技术解决方案: Due to the adoption of the technical solution 本实用新型正常工作时: When the utility model is in normal work 本实用新型与现技术相比: Compared with the prior art 本实用新型克服了已有技术存在的缺点: The utility model overcomes the defects of the existing technology 它的特点在于: which is characterized in that 主要技术特点是: The technical feature is 由于上述结构: Due to the above structure 由于采用以上结构改进: Due to the adoption of the improved structure 其最主要的特点是: The utility model has the main advantage that 本实用新型具有优点是: The utility model has the advantages of 该装置的特点是: The device is characterized in that 本实用新型采取的方法是: The methods of the utility model are that 其主要技术特征为: The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型突出的优点是: The utility model has the advantages of 本实用新型同现有的技术相比: Compared with the prior art 本实用新型通过下述技术方案予以实现: The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme 本实用新型的任务是这样实现的: The task of the utility model is realized in such a way that 本方案具体特点还有: the scheme also has other specific features of 本实用新型主要技术特征是: The utility model is characterized in that
本实用新型克服了已有技术结构复杂: The utility model overcomes the complicated structure in the existing technology 本实用新型与现有技术结构产品相比: Compared with the product of the existing technique structure 它主要特点是: which is characterized in that 本实用新型同现有技术相比: Compared with the prior art 本实用新型弥补了现有技术的不足: The utility model makes up defects of the prior art 本实用新型解决了现有技术的不足之处: The utility model solves the defects existing in the prior art 其主要特征在于: The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型解决问题的技术方案是: The technical scheme of the utility model for solving the problem be 且特征在于: The utility model is characterized in that 装置特点是: The device is characterized in that 主要特点是: which is characterized in that 通过上述优化结构: by the optimal structure 本实用新型的显著优点是: The remarkable advantages of the utility model are that 本实用新型克服了现有技术不足: The utility model overcomes the defects of the prior art 由于改进上述结构: Due to the improvement of the above structure 由于采用了这种结构: Due to the adoption of the structure 由于采用了以上改进: Due to the adoption of the improvement 本实用新型与公知技术相比: Compared with the common technique 本实用新型主要特征是: The utility model is characterized in that 其结构特点是: The structure is characterized in that 由于采用了以上技术方案: Due to the adoption of the technical scheme 由于采用此种结构: Due to the adoption of the structure 通过上述改进: by the improvement 本实用新型与传统工艺相反: The utility model is opposite to the traditional craft 本装置主要结构是: The primary structure of the device is that 本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足: The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome defects of the prior art 本实用新型避免了现有技术的不足之处: The utility model avoids the defect of the prior art 在使用中: when in use 由于采用上述的技术方案: Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme 本实用新型同已有的传统技术相比: Compared with the traditionally prior art 本实用新型解决的技术方案是: The technical scheme of the utility model is 本实用新型的要点在于: The main point of the utility model is that 本实用新型主要结构是: The primary structure of the utility model is that 作用时间长: long acting time 由于采用了如上的技术方案: Due to the adoption of the technical scheme 通过上述构件: by the member 其主要特征为: The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型相对现有技术: Compared with the prior art 它的结构特点在于: The structural feature is characterized in that 本实用新型采用上述技术方案的改进: By adopting the above improvement of the technical scheme 本实用新型采用上述结构后: By adopting the above structure 其结构设计的主要特征在于: The structure design is characterized in that 由于采用了上述的技术解决方案: Due to the adoption of technical solution 本实用新型与现有装置比较: Compared with the existing device 本实用新型的解决方案是: The solution of the utility model is that 主要特征是: which is characterized in that 在安装时: When in installation 由于采用上述技术措施: Due to the adoption of the above technical measure 由于采用上述改进结构: Due to the adoption of the above improved structure 由于采用了如上的设计方案: Due to the adoption of the design scheme 以满足实际生产中的需要: to satify the needs in actual production 它的特征在于: which is characterized in that 本实用新型的名称是: The apellation of the utility model is that 主要技术特征在于: The technical feature is 由于采取上述结构: Due to the adoption of the structure 由于采取了上述结构: Due to the adoption of the structure 其主要结构特点是: The utility model is characterized in that 其结构特征是: The utility model is characterized in that 通过上述手段: by the means 通过上述的组合装置: by the assembly 它的结构特点是: 本实用新型弥补了现有技术的不足之处: The utility model makes up defects of the prior art 本实用新型的主要技术特征在于: The main technique of the utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型对照现有技术的有益效果是: Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects are that 本实用新型克服了已有技术的不足之处: The utility model overcomes the defects of the existing technology 该装置与已有技术相比较: Compared with the prior art 本实用新型操作时: During the operation 由于本实用新型采取了上述技术方: Due to the utility model adopting of the technical scheme 本实用新型解决了现有技术结构复杂: The utility model solves the defect of complicated structure of the prior art 它主要技术特征在于: The main technique is characterized in that 本实用新型由于采用上述技术方案: Because the utility model adopts the technical scheme 本实用新型较之现有产品: Compared with the existing product 本实用新型与现有技术比: Compared with the prior art 通过上述具体设计: by the detailed design 通过上述措施: by the measure 本实用新型同现有同类产品相比: Compared with the existing products of the same kind 本实用新型与已的技术相比: Compared with the prior art 本实用新型采用的工艺方法: The utility model adopts the technique that 它的工作特点是: The working feature is characterized in that 本实用新型的结构是: The structure of the utility model is that 本实用新型在使用过程中: When the utility model is in use 本实用新型克服了已有技术存在的不足: The utility model overcomes the defects of the existing technology 本实用新型一物两用: The utility model has two purposes 本实用新型解决技术问题的技术方案是: The technical scheme of the utility model is 本实用新型的技术效果是: The technical effect of the utility model is that 其主要技术特征: The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型的特点在于: The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型与现有技术比较: Compared with the prior art 本实用新型的技术特点在于: The technical characters of the utility model are that 其特点是: The utility model is characterized in that 由于采用以上措施: Due to the adoption of the measure 通过以上的技术方案: by the technical scheme 本实用新型较之原有的: Compared with the prior art 其结构设计特征在于: The structure design is characterized in that 综合样式的特点是: The integrated form is characterized in that 由于采用了上述的方案: Due to the adoption of the scheme 由于本实用新型采取了上述结构: Due to the utility model adopting the structure 本实用新型与已知技术相比: Compared with the prior art 作用时间较长: long acting time 在组装时: when in assembly 在安装使用时: When in installation 由于本实用新型采用了上述技术方案: Due to the utility model adopting the technical scheme
它是在现有技术基础上改进实现的: The utility model is realized on the basis of the improvement of the prior art 本实用新型的显著效果是: The remarkable effects of the utility model are that 由于采用这种结构: Due to the adoption of the structure 通过上述构造: by the structure 其最大特点是: The utility model has the great advantage that 本实用新型解决了现有技术不足: The utility model solves the defects existing in the prior art 本实用新型因采用上述结构: As the utility model adopts the above structure 由于采用以上方案: Due to the adoption of the scheme 通过以上技术方案: by the technical scheme 本实用新型和已有技术相对照: Compared with the piror art
本实用新型解决现有技术结构复杂的问题: The utility model solves the problem of complicated structure of the prior art 本实用新型的突出效果是: The outstanding effects of the utility model are that 它的特点是: which is characterized in that 由于采用了上述的技术方案: Due to the adoption of technical scheme 本实用新型可一物多用: The utility model combines a plurality of functions 在实际应用中: When in practical use 在实际生产应用中: When used in practical production 由于采用上述装置: Due to the adoption of the above device 由于本实用新型采用的上述技术方案: Due to the utility model adopting the technical scheme 该装置和现有技术相比: Compared with the prior art 本实用新型解决了已有技术的不足: The utility model solves the defects existing in the prior art 本实用新型的结构要点是: The structural key point of the utility model is that 由于采用上述的技术解决方案: Due to the adoption of the above technical solution 通过以上结构: by the structure 本实用新型采用这种结构后: By adopting the structure
本实用新型克服了已有技术的结构比较复杂: The utility model overcomes more complicated structure in the existing technology 它的技术特征是: The technical feature is characterized in that
本实用新型与现有技术完全兼容: The utility model and the prior art be completely compatible 本方案的具体特点还有: the scheme also has other specific features of 本实用新型的主要技术特征是: The main technique of the utility model is characterized in that 由于采用如上的技术方案: Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme 由于采用了以上结构: Due to the adoption of the structure 由于本实用新型采用上述结构: Due to the utility model adopting the structure 本实用新型和现有技术相比较: Compared with the piror art 本实用新型和现有技术相对照: Compared with the prior art 本实用新型的技术解决方案是: The technical solution of the utility model is that 本实用新型采用的技术方案是: The utility model adopts the technical scheme that 本实用新型解决了现有产品结构复杂: The utility model solves the defect of complicated structure of the existing product 其突出的特点是: The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型与现有产品比较: Compared with the existing product, the utility model
由于本实用新型采用上述结构特征: Due to the utility model adopting the structure character 它的特征是: which is characterized in that 本实用新型采用上述技术方案: By adopting the scheme 具体实施时: On the occasion of concrete application 本实用新型的技术特征是: The technical characters of the utility model are that 其结构要点在于: The utility model is characterized in that 由于采用上述技术: Due to the adoption of the above technique 由于采用上述方法: Due to the adoption of the above method 本实用新型与传统技术相比: Compared with the traditional technology
本实用新型与现有技术结构的产品相比: Compared with the product of the existing technique structure 其特征在于: The utility model is characterized in that 由于采用上述结构特征: Due to the adoption of the above structural characteristic 由于采用了上述结构: Due to the adoption of the structure 本实用新型较之现有的: Compared with the prior art 技术的特征在于: The technique is characterized in that 其改进的特征: The improvement is characterized in that 本实用新型对比现有技术的有益效果是: Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects are that 本实用新型的特征在于: The utility model is characterized in that 其主要技术特征在于: The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型的技术特征在于: The technical characters of the utility model are that 该装置与现有技术相比: Compared with the prior art 作用时间快: fast acting time 本实用新型一物多用: The utility model has a plurality of purposes 本实用新型由于采用如上设计: Because the utility model adopts the design 本实用新型较现有产品相比: Compared with the existing product 本实用新型的产生的积极效果是: The utility model has advantages of 本实用新型采用的方案是: The utility model adopts the scheme that 由于有上述结构: Due to the structure 由于本实用新型具有上述结构: Due to the utility model adopting the structure 本实用新型克服了现有技术存在的缺点: The utility model overcomes the defects existing in the prior art 本实用新型与现有的技术相比: Compared with the prior art 结构特征是: The structure is characterized in that
本实用新型克服了现有技术结构复杂: The utility model overcomes the complicated structure in the prior art 且经济实用等特点: and The utility model has the advantages of economy and practicability 本实用新型同现有技术相比较: Compared with the prior art 主要的特点是: which is characterized in that 本实用新型克服了现有技术的不足之处: The utility model overcomes the defects of the prior art 本实用新型技术方案是: The technical scheme of the utility model be 由于采用以上技术措施: Due to the adoption of the technical measure 由于本实用新型的上述结构: Due to the structure of the utility model 其技术特点是: The technique is characterized in that 其连接关系是: the connecting relation is that 通过上述的技术解决方案: by the technical solution 本实用新型的主要特点在于: The utility model is mainly characterized in that 主要结构特点是: The main structure is characterized in that 在实际使用中: When in practical use 由于采用了以上的结构: Due to the adoption of the structure 由于采用了以上的技术方案: Due to the adoption of the technical scheme 其特点为: The utility model is characterized in that 其显著特点是: The utility model is characterized in that 通过上述设计: by the design 它的主要特点在于: which is characterized in that 本实用新型主要技术特征在于: The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型的要点是: The main point of the utility model is that 其各自的特征是: which are respectively characterized in that 本实用新型同已有技术相比: Compared with the prior art 由于设计合理: Due to reasonable design 特点在于: which is characterized in that 本实用新型与已有技术比较: Compared with the prior art 其特点: The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型克服了公知的缺陷: The utility model overcomes the well-known defects 由于采用上述的结构: Due to the adoption of the above structure 它的主要特征是: which is characterized in that
本实用新型克服了公知结构的缺点: The utility model overcomes the defects of well-known structure 其技术特征是: The technique is characterized in that 其技术特征在于: The technique is characterized in that 本实用新型工作时: When the utility model works 本实用新型解决了现有技术的不足: The utility model solves the defects existing in the prior art
本实用新型具有功能比较多、性能价格比比较好、防刀割和实用性较强等优点: The utility model has the advantages of more functions, better price performance ratio, cutting prevention, stronger practicality, etc.本实用新型与现有技术相对比: Contrasted with the prior art 其主要技术特点是: The utility model is characterized in that 通过上述的结构: by the structure 它主要特征是: which is characterized in that 其最好特点是: The utility model has the great advantage that 它的技术特点是: The technical feature is characterized in that 通过对现有装置的改进: By the improvement in the existing device 本装置的结构是: The structure of the device is that 本实用新型实施后: After the utility model is implemented
3.权利要求书 Claims 1. 一种湿膜材料,其特征是由塑料芯膜和复合在塑料芯膜两表面的吸水材料层构成的复合膜材,在复合膜材上布满穿透膜层的小孔。
1.A kind of wet film material, characterized in that it is a kind of composite film material composed of a piece of plastic core film and water-absorbing material applied to both surfaces of the plastic core film, with fully distributed small holes penetrating the film layer on the composite film material.2. 根据权利要求书1所述的湿膜膜材,其特征是塑料芯膜是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯或其它塑料薄板膜。2.A kind of wet film material as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the plastic core film is a piece of polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC or other thin plastic film.3. 根据权利要求书1所述的湿膜膜材,其特征是吸水材料是吸水性织物或水性纸材或其它吸水性纤维材料。
3.A kind of wet film material as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the water-absorbing material is water-absorbent fabrics, water-based paper or other water-absorbent fibre material.4. 根据权利要求书1所述的湿膜膜材,其特征是膜材上小孔的直径为0.1-5毫米,小孔在膜材上的分布密度为5-40孔/平方厘米。
4.A kind of wet film material as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the small holes on the film material is 0.1 to 5 millimeters, with a distribution density of 5 to 40 holes/cm2 on the film material.1. 一种空调器,主要包括机箱、风机、水箱和湿膜,其特征是机箱内设有转动式湿膜构件,该构件由湿膜、连接于湿膜的单端或双端的湿膜转轴组成,并有一同步电机相连接,能在电机的带动下绕轴转动,转动式湿膜可水平方向安装或垂直方向安装,湿膜下方设有水箱或于机箱内设有水循环喷淋装置,湿膜在转动过程中可浸入水箱水面下浸洗或受水喷淋冲洗。1.A kind of air conditioner, mainly comprises chassis, fan, water tank and wet film, characterized in that the chassis is configured with a structural member of rotary wet film.This structural member is composed of a wet film and an axis of rotation that is connected to a single or both ends of the wet film, and furthermore, the structural member is connected to a synchronous motor and can rotate around the axis under the drive of the motor.The rotary wet film can be installed in the horizontal or vertical direction, and a water tank is installed under the wet film or a cyclic water spray unit is installed inside the chassis so that the wet film can be immersed into the water in the water tank for cleaning or can be rinsed by water spray.4.专利词汇英语翻译
abandonment of a patent 放弃专利权
abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请 abridgment 文摘 abstract 文摘(摘要)abuse of patent 滥用专利权
action for infringement of patent 专利侵权诉讼 action of a patent 专利诉讼
address for service 文件送达地址 affidavit 誓书 allowance 准许 amendment 修改 annual fee 年费 annuity 年费 anticipation 占先 appeal 上诉 appellation of origin 原产地名称 applicant for patent 专利申请人 application date 申请日期
application documents 申请案文件 application fee 申请费 application for patent 专利申请(案)application laying open for public inspection 公开供公众审查的申请 application number 申请号 application papers 申请案文件 arbitration 仲裁 art 技术
article of manufacture 制品 assignee 受让人 assignment 转让 assignor 转让人
author of the invention 发明人 author's certificate 发明人证书 basic patent 基本专利
Berne Convention 伯尔尼公约 Berne Union 伯尔尼联盟 best mode 最佳方式 bibliographic data 著录资料
BIRPI 保护知识产权联合国国际局 board of appeals 申诉委员会 breach of confidence 泄密
Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure 国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约 burden of proof 举证责任 case law 判例法 caveat 预告
certificate of addition 增补证书 certificate of correction 更正证明书 certificate of patent 专利证书 certified copy 经认证的副本 Chemical Abstracts 化学文摘 citation 引证 claim 权项
classifier 分类员 co-applicants 共同申请人 co-inventors 共同发明人 color coding 色码制 commissioner 专利局长
Community Patent Convention 共同体专利公约 complete application 完整的申请案 complete description 完整的叙述 complete specification 完整的说明书 comptroller 专利局长
compulsory license 强制许可证 conception 概念 conception date 概念日期
confidential application 机密申请 confidential information 保密情报 conflict award 冲突裁定 conflict procedure 冲突程序
conflicting applications 冲突申请案 continuation application 继续申请 continuation-in-part application 部分继续申请案 contractual license 契约性许可证 contributory infringement 简介侵犯 convention application 公约申请 convention country 公约国 convention date 公约日期
Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization 建立世界知识产权组织公约
convention period 公约期限 convention priority 公约优先权 copyright 版权 correction slip 勘误表 counter pleadings 反诉状 counterclaim 反诉 country code 国家代号 cross license 交叉许可证 data 资料
data exchange agreement 资料交换协议 data of application 申请日期 date of grant 授予日期 date of issue 颁发日期 date of patent 专利日期 date of publication 公布日期
dedication to the public 捐献于公众 defendant 被告人 defenses 辩护
defensive publication 防卫性公告 deferred examination 延迟审查 dependent claim 从属权项 dependent patent 从属专利
Derwent Publications Ltd.德温特出版有限公司 design patent 外观设计专利 development 发展 disclaimer 放弃权项 disclosure 公开 division 分案
divisional application 分案申请 domination patent 支配专利 drawing 附图 duration of patent 专利有效期 economic patent 经济专利
effective filing date 实际申请日期 employee’s invention 雇员发明 EPO 欧洲专利局 European Patent Office 欧洲专利局 ESARIPO 英语非洲工业产权组织
European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约 evidence 证据 examination 审查
examination countries 审查制国家 examination for novelty 新颖性审查 examiner 审查员
examiner’s report 审查员报告 exclusive license 独占性许可证 exclusive right 专有权
experimental use 实验性使用 expired patent 期满专利
exploitation of a patent 实施专利 exposition priority 展览优先权 expropriation 征用
extension of term of a patent 延长专利期限 fee 费用
FICPI 国际工业产权律师联合会 file copy 存档原件 filing date 申请日期 filing fee 申请费 filing of an application 提出申请 final action 终局决定书 first-to-file principle 先申请原则 first-to-invention principle 先发明原则 force majeure 不可抗力
foreign patent application 外国专利申请 formal examination 形式审查 gazette 公报
Geneva Treaty on the International Recording of Scientific Discoveries 关于科学发现国际注册日内瓦条约 grace period 宽限期 grant of a patent 授予专利权 holder of a patent 专利持有人
ICIREPAT 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会
Paris Union Committee for International Cooperation in Information Retrieval among Patent Offices 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会 IFIA 国际发明人协会联合会
International Federation of Inventor’s Association 国际发明人协会联合会 IBB 国际专利研究所
Institut International des Brevets 国际专利研究所 imitation 仿造 impeachment 控告 improvement 改进
improvement patent 改进专利 independence of patents 专利独立 indication of source 产地标记 indirect infringement 间接侵犯 industrial applicability 工业实用性 industrial design 工业品外观设计 industrial property 工业产权
information in the public domain 公开情报 infringement of a patent 侵犯专利权 infringement of a trade mark 侵犯商标权 INID 著录资料识别码
ICIREPAT Numbers for the Identification of Data 著录资料识别码 INPADOC 国际专利文献中心
INSPEC 国际物理学和工程情报服务部 insufficient disclosure 公开不允分 intellectual property 知识产权 interdependent patents 相互依存的专利 interference procedure 抵触程序 interlocutory injunction 中间禁止令 interlocutory order 中间命令
International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 保护植物新品种国际公约
International Patent Classification Agreement 国际专利分类协定 International Preliminary Examining Authority 国际初审单位 international protection 国际保护
International Searching Authority 国际检索单位 invalidation 无效 invention 发明
inventive step 独创性 inventor 发明人 inventor’s certificate 发明人证书 IPC 国际专利分类
International Patent Classification 国际专利分类 issue of a patent 办法专利 joint applicants 共同申请人 joint invention 共同发明 joint inventors 共同发明人 joint patentees 共同专利权人 journal 公报 judgment 判决
junior party 后申请方 know-how 技术诀窍
lapsed patent 已终止的专利 lawsuit of a patent 专利诉讼 legal person 法人 legend 说明
LES International 国际许可贸易执行人协会
Licensing Executives Society International 国际许可贸易执行人协会 letters patent 专利证书 license 许可证
license agreement 许可证协议 license of course 当然许可证 licensing 许可证贸易 licensor 许可人
Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration 保护原产地名称及国际注册里斯本协定
Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Design 建立工业品外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定 loss of a patent 专利权的丧失
Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks 商标国际注册马德里协定
Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods 制止商品产地虚假或欺骗性标记马德里协定 main patent 主专利 maintenance fee 维持费 marking 标记
memorandum of understanding 谅解备忘录 method 方法
microforms 微缩文件 minimum documentation 最少限度检索文献 minimum royalties 最低提成费 misuse of patent 滥用专利权 mixed license 混合许可证 model laws 示范法 most-favoured provision 最惠条款 name of invention 发明名称 national treatment 国民待遇 natural person 自然人 neighboring rights 邻接权
new varieties of plants 植物新品种
Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 商标注册用商品与服务国际分类尼斯协定 non-examining countries 不审查制国家 non-exclusive license 非独占性许可证 non-obviousness 非显而易见性 non-use of a patent 不实施专利 notary public 公正机关
notice of infringement 侵权通知 novelty 新颖性
OAPI 非洲知识产权组织 objection 异议 office action 专利局审查决定书 opposition 异议 originality 独创性 owner of a patent 专利所有人 parent application 原申请 Paris Convention 巴黎公约 Paris Union 巴黎联盟 patent 专利
patent act 专利法 patent agent 专利代理人 patent applied for 已申请专利 patent attorney 专利律师 patent classification 专利分类 patent documentation 专利文献 patent documents 专利文件 patent families 同族专利 patent for an invention 发明专利 patent law 专利法
patent license 专利许可证 patent number 专利号
patent of addition 增补专利 patent of confirmation 确认专利 patent of importation 输入专利 patent of introduction 引进专利 patent of revalidation 再效专利 patent office 专利局 patent pending 专利未决 patent right 专利权 patent rules 专利实施细则 patent system 专利制度 patentability 专利性
patented invention 专利发明 patentee 专利权人 patenting 授予专利权 PCT 专利合作条约
PCT Union 专利合作条约 pending application 未决申请 period of a patent 专利有效期
person skilled in the art 所属技术领域的专业人员 petition 请求书 petty patent 小专利 plaintiff 原告人
plant patent 植物专利 pleadings 起诉状 precautional patent 预告专利 precedents 判例 prescription 时效
prevention of unfair competition principal patent 主专利 prior art 先有技术 prior use 先用 priority 优先权 priority claim 优先权声明
priority declaration 优先权声明 process patent 方法专利
processing of an application 申请案的处理 product patent 产品专利
provisional specification 临时说明书 publication 公布
reclassification 再分类 reexamination 复审 refusal 驳回
register of patents 专利登记册 egistered patent r登记专利 registered trade mark 注册商标 registration 登记 registration countries 登记制国家 reissue patent 再颁发专利 rejection 驳回 remedy 补救
renewal fee 续展费 request 请求书 restoration of a lapsed patent 恢复已终止的专利 restricted conditions 限制条款 eview r复审
revival of an abandoned application 恢复已放弃的申请 revocation of a patent 撤销专利 royalties 提成费
Science Abstracts 科学文摘 scientific discovery 科学发现 scope of protection 保护范围 seal 盖章 search 检索
secret patent 机密专利 service invention 职务发明 service mark 服务标记 signature 签署
simple license 普通许可证 single applicant 单独申请人
sliding scale of royalties 滑动提成费 sole license 排他性许可证 specification 说明书 state of the art 先有技术水平statement of claim 诉讼陈述 statement of defense 辩护陈述 substance patent 物质专利
substantive examination 实质性审查 succession 继承
sufficiency of description 充分描述 technical assistance 技术协助 technical data 技术资料
technology transfer 技术转移 temporary protection 临时保护 term of a patent 专利有效期
The Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs 工业品外观设计国际保存海牙协定
title of invention 发明名称 title to patent 专利所有权 trade mark 商标
Trademark Registration Treaty 商标注册条约 trade name 厂商名称 trial 审判
unfair competition 不正当竞争 unity of invention 发明单一性 Universal Copyright Convention 世界版权公约 unpatentable subject matter 不能取得专利的主题 use patent 用途专利
utility certificate 实用证书 utility model 实用新型
Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks 建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定 Vienna Agreement for the Protection of Type Faces and their International Deposit 印刷字体保护及其国际保存维也纳协定 WIPO 世界知识产权组织
withdrawal of an application 撤回申请 witness 证人
working of a patent 实施专利
World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组这 WPI 世界专利索引 World Patent Index 世界专利索引
第四篇:十九大心得不忘初心,坚守岗位
不忘初心,坚守岗位
党的十九大是一次胜利的大会,对我们国家的建设有着积极的指导作用。大会的主题是不忘初心,牢记使命,高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,决胜全面建设成小康社会,夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦不懈努力。在本人的教学过程中,我也努力做到不忘初心,牢记使命。教师是一份良心工作,不应该受到任何利益的驱使。我在课堂上始终面向全体学生,特别是那些待优生,总是留给他们回答问题的机会,即使回答得不是很好,但是我也会鼓励他们开口说英语,这样能够激发他们的学习兴趣,也能过让他们感觉到说英语也是一件容易的事,增强学习英语的信心。有的时候是利用“开火车”的形式让他们朗读单词,简单的对话练习,都能够让他们重拾信心。
党的十九大还提到四个自信,即道路自信,理论自信,制度自信和文化自信。我觉得文化自信是很有必要的。随着改革开放,经济全球化,很多西方国家的节日也不断涌入中国。在当今的社会,很多青少年都很喜欢过西方的节日,比如:圣诞节、复活节、万圣节等等。这些节日与西方的宗教有关,宗教与政治有一定的联系,而且很多的补习学校在这些节日的时候大肆宣扬以此来吸引学生,利益性太明显,因此我觉得这些节日要遏制。我们国家有着悠久的历史,很多传统节日蕴含着丰富的文化内涵,比如清明节、端午节、重阳节等等。我们应该以拥有这些节日而感到自豪。
社会上的利益诱惑很多,作为一名普通的教师,应该要抵制诱惑,不忘初心,砥砺前行,坚守岗位,在自己的一亩三分地发光发热,精忠报国!
第五篇:十九大报告心得体会:不忘初心 勇担使命
十九大报告心得体会:不忘初心 勇担使命
18日上午,中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会在人民大会堂开幕。习近平代表第十八届中央委员会向大会作了题为《决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利》的报告。习总书记指出,中国共产党人的初心和使命,就是为中国人民谋幸福,为中华民族谋复兴。
古人云“感人心者,莫先乎情”,而出乎本心者,其情必真,不虚、不私、不妄,无矫饰、无扭捏、无作态。一举手,一投足,都是下意识的真情流露。回望党的历史,多少优秀共产党人正是这样与百姓亲密无间,心紧贴着心,一起苦、一起干、一起过,赢得了人民群众的衷心信赖与拥护,凝聚了无往不胜的力量。
十八大以来,中国共产党不忘初心,勇担使命,一切依靠群众,一切为了群众。经济建设取得重大成就,全面深化改革取得重大突破,民主法治建设迈出重大步伐,思想文化建设取得重大进展,人民生活不断改善,生态文明建设成效显著,强军兴军开创新局面,港澳台工作取得新进展,全方位外交布局深入展开,全面从严治党成效卓著。五年来的成就是全方位的、开创性的,变革是深层次、根本性的。中国共产党用以巨大的政治勇气和强烈的责任担当,提出一系列新理念新思想新战略,出台一系列重大方针政策,推出一系列重大举措,推进一系列重大工作,解决了许多长期想解决而没有解决的难题,办成了许多过去想办而没有办成的大事,推动党和国家事业发生历史性变革。勇于面对党面临的重大风险考验和党内存在的突出问题,以顽强意志品质正风肃纪、反腐惩恶,消除了党和国家内部存在的严重隐患,党内政治生活气象更新,党内政治生态明显好转,党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力显著增强,党的团结统一更加巩固,党群关系明显改善,党在革命性锻造中更加坚强,焕发出新的强大生机活力,为党和国家事业发展提供了坚强政治保证。
作为一名“90后”的年轻组工干部,回顾中国共产党的历史,他是是伟大的、不朽的,尤其是十八大以来的这五年,中国共产党人的初心和使命,无时无刻无不在感动着我,让我不断汲取“公道正派、甘为人梯、清正廉洁”的营养,无时无刻无不在激励着我,把这可贵的精神延续,更想将这份精神化为行动,从平凡小事做起,从点点滴滴践行,让成长的每一个脚步带着不忘初心、勇担使命的无悔。也许无法塑造“有口皆碑”的形象,但是我坚信,用青春和热情忠诚于党,忠诚于岗位,服务于人民,就是助我从一粒种子成长为大树的雨露,去滋润我所扎根的土地。