2018年河南专升本英语语法16种时态汇总（5篇）

第一篇：2018年河南专升本英语语法16种时态汇总

2018年河南专升本英语语法16种时态汇总

英语的基础知识无非就是单词+语法，基础不牢，地动山摇，一切的英语知识都是围绕着这两个基础去开展的。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将这时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do为例)：

注：构成时态的助动词be(is, am, are), have(has, have), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。

在这16种时态中，其中有8种时态是最重要的，也是用得最多的，是初学者必须要掌握的，它们是一般现在时(也称一般现在时)、一般过去时(也称一般过去时)、一般将来时(也称一般将来时)、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来一般时(也称过去将来时)，其余的时态相对用得较少。

1.一般现在时

用法：

A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。

B)习惯用语。

C)经常性、习惯性动作。

例：He always helps others.(他总是帮助别人。)

D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。

E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)

How often does this shuttle bus run?(这班车多久一趟?)

F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事 情。

例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)

2.现在进行时(be doing)

用法：现在正在进行的动作。

3.现在完成时(have done)

用法：

A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell

答案是C)haven't sold。

B)表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for 加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。

例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challenge C)have been challenged

B)may be challenged D)are challenging

全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B)may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。

C)表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。

例：John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)

注意事项

A)现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。

例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。)

He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。)

B)因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。

例：My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续)

My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(终端动词)

C)在“this is the first/ second/ third„„ time that„„”句型里要求用完成时。

例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)

D)句型“It is/ has been„„since”所使用的两种时态都正确。

例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)

E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely „„when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中，主句要求完成时。

例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)

4.现在完成进行时(have been doing)

用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。)

注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

例：1997年6月四级第45 题

It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A)had leaked B)is leaking

C)leaked D)has been leaking

从本题上下文看，这两个句子的意思是：“看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前，并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此，空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D)has been leaking是现在完成进行时，因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B)is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time，表示谓语动作延续，谓语不能用现在进行时，必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时，所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。

5.一般过去时

用法：

A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

B)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。

例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。)

He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)

C)有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用，可以吗?)

Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)

注意事项：

A)注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。

B)used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。

Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示“过去常常或过去曾经”，要求加动词原形;后者表示“习惯于”，要求加名词或动名词。

6.过去完成时(had done)

用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示“过去的过去的动作或状态”。

Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard

全句的意思是：“到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中：A)didn't hear，因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B)hasn't been hearing，现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作，与题意不符。C)hasn't heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。

注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。

例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里，因为我们打开前门进来时，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)

分析：虽然时间状语是just now，似乎应该使用一般过去时，但是“在房间里”这个状态是在“开门”和“注意”这两个过去的动作之前就存在的，所以应该用过去完成时。

7.过去将来时(would/ should do)

用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。

例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)

注意事项：由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的，所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。想学习更多英语知识，请关注口袋英语aikoudaiyy

8.过去进行时(was/ were doing)

用法：

A)表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。)

B)如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。

例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)

注意事项：其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。

9.一般将来时

用法：

A)基本结构是will / shall do。

例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。)

B)有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。

例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。)

C)表示“打算去„„，要„„”时，可用be going to do。

例：This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)

D)表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。

例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)

E)“be to do”的5种用法：

a)表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)

b)该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to)，表示一种命令、规劝性语气。

例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)

c)能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)

例：How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)

d)不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。

例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to

C.is attended D.is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是：attend表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

e)用于条件从句“如果„„想，设想”(接近if „„want to,或if „„should)

例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to be B)can be C)will be D)has been

答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”

F)同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了，因为对方已经射进了7个球。)

例：1999年6月四级第65题

I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A)in B)to C)at D)on

答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”

注意事项：

在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。)

10.将来进行时(will be doing)

用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

例：Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)

注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可参考“一般将来时”和“现在进行时”的有关注意事项。

11.将来完成时(will have done)

用法：表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续[]到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。

例：1997年1月四级第22题

The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.A)must have lasted B)will have lasted

C)would last D)has lasted

本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是：“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻，因此要用将来完成时。答案是B)will have lasted。如果选A)，因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测，而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性，但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以C)would last错误。因为D)has lasted是现在完成时，表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以也不正确。

注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。想学习更多英语知识，请关注口袋英语aikoudaiyy

12)将来完成进行时：shall have been doing，will have been doing

例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.(到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态)

13)过去完成进行时：had been doing

例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态)

14)过去将来进行时：should be doing , would be doing

例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态)

15)过去将来完成时：should have done , would have done

例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)

16)过去将来完成进行时：should have been doing , would have been doing

例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.(他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)

第二篇：河南专升本考试英语语法系列复习专题——动词时态,被动语态

一、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。

2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：

I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不 大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。)2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry，finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式：

1.will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）

2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

3.be doing(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)

4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.时态考点分析

1．——Can I join your club,dad?

——You can when you______a bit older.A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize

B.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared 析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses? ——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。

6.——Do you know our town at all? ——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根据this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.A.just help out

B.have just helped out

C.am just helping out D.will just help out

析：根据I don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。

8.——Is this raincoat yours? ——No,mine______there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。

被动语态

一、被动语态的句型

1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分

例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”

被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).

3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike.2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主动表示被动的几种情况

1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词 是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词 有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。

三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：

1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。

2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。

3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。

被动语态考点分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。2.——Do you like the material?

——Yes,it______very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt 析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等 变化。

3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______.A.have been taken place…have been set up

B.have taken place…have been set up

C.have taken place…have set up

D.were taken place…were set up

析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。

5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked 析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。

6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.A.has broken into…has been stolen B.has broken into…had been stolen

C.has been broken into…stolen

D.had been broken into…stolen 析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept…will have to

B.are not kept…have to

C.do not keep…will have to

D.do not keep…have to

析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面 可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven’t been

C.was not D.will not be 析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。

12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?

——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasn’t…been given

析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。

13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said 析：It was said that…可以改为We heard it said that…(都表示“据说…”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。

动词时态、语态专练

1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out 2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read 5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party? A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited 6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White? ——He’s already been______.A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for 8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don’t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I’ve been told

B.I’ve told

C.I’m told

D.I told 13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said 15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?

——Oh,excellent.It’s worth______a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read 17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given

19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put

B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______? A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday? A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun

D.would get;began 27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied

D.should study 28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since? A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?

——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes

D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?

——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites 32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing

C.having written

D.to have written 33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want

B.don’t realize;wanted

C.haven’t realized;want

D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it

B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it

D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.A.didn’t

B.couldn’t

C.don’t

D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten

B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten 39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving 40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?

——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Don’t you meet him yet

B.Hadn’t you met him yet

C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.A.wasn’t

B.hadn’t been

C.wouldn’t be

D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her? A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy 44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read;was falling

B.was reading;fell

C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed

B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed

D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells 48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

动词时态、语态专练答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B

－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D 11

第三篇：英语语法—动词时态（推荐）

动词时态

英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。动词时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：“现在、进行、过去、将来”四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态和完成进行状态四种。由时态结合，便形成下列十六种时态： 一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时； 现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时； 现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；

现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时． 一般现在时

1.概念：表示经常发生的情况、有规律出现的情况、总是发生的事和事实真理。2.时间状语：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month„），once a week(day, year, month„），on Sundays（on Mondays „）.3.基本结构：主语 + do/does +其他；（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）。

4.否定形式：主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他（此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词）。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。

（2）He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。（3）Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。一般过去时

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month„），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构：主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。

4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + 其他(在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词)。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。（2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。一般将来时

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.标志：Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes,，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：（1）主语 + am/is/are + going to + do sth（2）主语 + will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写} 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。

It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般过去将来时

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：The next day(morning , year„），the following month(week„），etc.3.基本结构：主语 + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主语 + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + going to + do;主语 + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：（1）He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。（2）I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。现在进行时

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc.look, listen 3.基本结构：主语+ be + doing + 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句：How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。过去进行时

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构主语+was/were +doing +其它

4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时，我正在读报纸。将来进行时

1.概念：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。

2.时间状语：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本结构：主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词 + 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其它

5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间，他们正坐在电影院。

He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。过去将来进行时 1.概念：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。2.基本结构：should/would + be + 现在分词

3.例句：They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。

He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。现在完成时

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 时间点，for + 时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：主语 + have/has + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + have/has + not + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 5.一般疑问句：have或has放句首。

6.例句：I've written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。过去完成时

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year(term, month„），etc.3.基本结构：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主语 + had + not +p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。

By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上个月底，我们已经复习了四本书。基本结构：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 ①肯定句：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它

②否定句：主语 + had + not + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 ③一般疑问句：Had +主语 + p.p（过去分词）+其它 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 将来完成时

1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of + 时间短语（将来）；by the time + 从句（将来）3.基本结构：主语 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候，就将发生巨大的变化。过去将来完成时

1.概念：表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作，常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。

2.基本结构：should/would have done sth.3.例句：I thought you'd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。

He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。现在完成进行时

1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。

2.基本结构：主语 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.时间状语：since + 时间点，for + 时间段等。

4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。

The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.从6点起，孩子们一直看电视。过去完成进行时

1.概念：表示某个正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。

2.基本结构：主语 + had + been + doing + 其它

3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？ 4.特殊含义：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。（他没写完）②企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。（他曾努力学习过它）③未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。（但是我们没有理解）

④最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。（最近）⑤反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。（屡次）⑥情绪：What had he been doing？他做了什么 将来完成进行时

1.概念：表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。

2.基本结构：shall/will have been doing 3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。

If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。过去将来完成进行时

1.概念：表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。2.基本结构：should/would + have + been +现在分词

3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉我，到年底时，他就在那住了30年了。

第四篇：2012年8月最新整理英语语法时态汇总

一般现在时

【1】一般现在时的意义

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。例：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

例：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。

例：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

【2】一般现在时结构 1.含be动词的句子 主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它。例： I am a girl.我是一个女孩。

2.含行为动词的句子————行为动词：表示具体动作的词如eat drink run make等 主语 +行为动词+(其它)。

例：We study English.我们学习英语。

*当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it，具体人名或者单个物体)时，要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”或变y为i+es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

*“我”用am“你”用are

I am

you are

it/she/he is Is分给“它”“他”“她” 【3】一般现在时变否定句

1.含be动词的变化。

主语+ be（is、am、are）not +其它

例：He is not a worker.他不是工人。2.不含be动词的变化

主语+ don't(doesn't)+动词原形+(其它)（do not=don’t

does not=doesn’t）

例：I don't like bread.【4】一般现在时变一般疑问句及其回答 1.含be动词的变化。Be+主语+其它。

例：I am a student.我是一名学生。——Are you a student? 你是一名学生吗？Yes I am./

No I am not.例：He is a student.他是一名学生。——Is he a student?他是一名学生吗？Yes he is./

No he is not.2.含行为动词的变化。

Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。

例：Do you often play football?

Yes, I do./ No, I don't.Does she go to work by bike?

Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.【5】一般现在时变特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。例:Where

is my bike?

现在进行时

【1】 现在进行时的意义

1、表示现在正在进行或发生的动作

2、表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 【2】现在进行时的肯定句基本结构

肯定句：

主语+be+动词ing 例：He is playing basketball.否定句：

主语+be not+动词ing 例：He is not playing basketball.一般疑问句：

把be动词提到句首

例：Is he playing basketball.特殊疑问句：

疑问词+be +主语+动词ing 例：Where is he playing basketball? 疑问词当主语时：

疑问词+be+动词ing 例：Who is playing basketball?

一般过去时

【1】一般过去时的意义

1． 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用

2． 一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 【2】 一般过去时的结构

肯定句：

①含be动词 主语+was/were+其他

例：It was Sunday yesterday.②不含be动词 主语+动词过去式+其他

例：He went to school yesterday.否定句：

① 含be动词

例：It was not Sunday yesterday.②不含be动词

主语+did+not+动词原形+其他

例：He did not go to school yesterday.疑问句：

①含be动词——将was/were提前到句首 Was/were+主语+其他？

例：Was it Sunday yesterday? ② 不含be动词

Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ Did he go to school yesterday？

一般将来时

【1】意义

1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 2.打算、计划或预备做某事 【2】结构

肯定句

1.主语+be going to do+其他

例：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.2.主语+will do+其他

例：I will go swimming tomorrow.否定句

1.主语+be not going to do+其他

例：I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.2.主语+will not do+其他

例：I will not go swimming tomorrow.疑问句

1.Be+主语+ going to do+其他?

例：Are you going to have a picnic this afternoon？

2.Will+主语+do+其他? 例：Will you go swimming tomorrow？

第五篇：初中英语语法时态总结

初中英语语法动词时态总结 一、一般现在时

1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：

The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。3）表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much.我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now.我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。二、一般过去时

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？

2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”。例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了” “早该……了”，例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。

would（had）rather sb.did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在

。例如：I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。

比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）

Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。

1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。2）情态动词 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？ 11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do：“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或“习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：

He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。典型例题

----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't

答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。三、一般将来时

1）shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：

Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2）be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a.主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b.计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c.有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3）be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4）be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。

注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5）be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.6）be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）7）一般现在时表将来

1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.车来了。There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.铃响了。3）在时间或条件句中。例如：

When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。8）现在进行时标将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？

四、现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have（has）+过去分词。11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）

I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）

He has been in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续）

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.4）用于现在完成时的句型

1）It is the first / second time....that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次访问这城市。This is the first time（that）I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that I've（ever）seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。典型例题

（1）---Do you know our town at all?---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming

答案B.This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。

（2）---Have you ____ been to our town before?---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come 答案D.ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。

注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

（错）I have received his letter for a month.6（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.5)比较since 和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born.我从出生起就住在这儿了。注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.（我现在已不在这里工作。）

I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。1）（对）Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（错）Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.6)since的四种用法

1）since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：

I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在这儿。2）since +一段时间+ ago。例如：

I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿，已经有五个月了。3）since +从句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后，变化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here.我们走后，变化可大了。4）It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有两年了。7）延续性动词与瞬间动词 1）用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：

He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。（表结果）

I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）2）用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”。例如：

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点。典型例题

1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet

答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。

五、过去完成时

1）概念：表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时以前 那时 现在 2）用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said（that）she had never been to Paris.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。b.状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

c.表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”。例如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

3）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before.他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。典型例题

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A.had written, left B，were writing, has left C.had written, had left D.were writing, had left

答案D.“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我刚打开门，他就打了我。had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。4）一般过去时代替过去完成时

1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.六、将来完成时

1）构成will have done 2）概念

a.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：

They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达上海了。

七、现在进行时

1）现在进行时的基本用法：

a.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.我们正在等你。

b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：

Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）

c.表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如： The leaves are turning red.叶子在变红。It's getting warmer and warmer.天越来越热了。

d.与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：

You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。典型例题

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don't find B.is missing, don't find C.has lost, haven't found D.is missing, haven't found.答案D.前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。2）不用进行时的动词

1）事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers.我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的。

2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help.我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much.他爱她很深。

3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：

I accept your advice.我接受你的劝告。

4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：

You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累。

八、过去进行时

1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。

3）常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。

It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站时，正下着雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。典型例题

1）Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes 答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。

2）As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.A.read；was falling B.was reading； fell C.was reading； was falling D.read；fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为“当……之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。”句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

动词时态形式一览表