第一篇：高中英语语法精讲动词时态
高中英语语法精讲第一章动词时态
在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时
一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。A.一般现在时
1． 一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。
They want good jobs.他们想要好的工作。
The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配。
This work does not satisfy me.这项工作我不满意。
Do you understand?
你懂了吗?
2．一般现在时的用法
①一般现在时的基本用法
a.表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态
He always takes a walk after supper.晚饭后他总是散散步。
Everyone is in high spirits now.现在大家都情绪高涨。
b.表示客观事实或普遍真理
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。
Sound travels faster through water than it does through air.声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man.时间不等人。
c.表示主语的特征、能力和状态
This cloth feels soft.1
这布摸上去很软。
I love classical music.我喜欢古典音乐。
The President still seems able to find time to go fishing.看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。
d.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
The meeting begins at 7:00.会议七点钟开始。
We leave here at 8:00 sharp.我们八点整离开这里。
e.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作
When you come next time, bring me some magazines.你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。
If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow.如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。
Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home.不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。
②一般现在时的特殊用法
a.用于新闻标题或图片说明中
China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful
中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功
Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow
劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科
b.用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中
Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.弗朗西斯穿过去，把球传给姚明，姚明跳起来，接住球投进篮里。
Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine.现在，看，我按下按扭，打开了这台机器。
c.表示告诫或劝说
You mind your own business.你不要管闲事！
If he does that again, he goes to prison.如果他再那样的话，他就会进监狱的。
d.表示现在瞬间的动作
Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
B．一般过去时
1． 一般过去时的构成
一般过去时是用动词的过去式来表示。
His words fetched a laugh from all present.他的话使在场的人都笑了。
I did not sleep well last night.我昨晚没睡好。
Did you direct the tourist to the hotel?
你告诉这位游客去旅馆的路了吗？
2．一般过去时的用法
①一般过去时的基本用法
a.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。
The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.发动机因燃料用光而停机了。
注意：
在一般过去时的句子中，通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。
【误】I visited the Palace Museum.（在没有上下文的情况下，应避免这样说）
【正】I visited the Palace Museum last year.去年我参观过故宫博物院。
【正】I have visited the Palace Museum.我参观过故宫博物院。
b.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态
I wrote home once a week at college.我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。
He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。
提示：
表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去式外，还可以用used to或would来表示。
She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three.她上高三时经常学习到深夜。
He would sit for hours doing nothing.过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。
c.表示过去连续发生的一系列动作
She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。
The students got up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。
d.在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作
We would not leave until the teacher came back.老师回来我们才会离开。
She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。
②一般过去时的特殊用法
a.在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态
It's time we went.是我们该走的时候了。
I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年轻20岁。
I would rather you didn't do anything for the time being.我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。
b.在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。
I wondered if you could give me a hand.我想请你帮个忙。
Might I come and see you tonight?
我想今晚来看你，好吗？
3．一般现在时和一般过去时的比较
一般现在时要和现在时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”不相联系。
His father is a film director.他父亲是电影导演。（他现在还是）
His father was a film director.他父亲曾是电影导演。（他现在不是）
How do you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样？（还在看小说）
How did you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样？（已看完小说）
C．一般将来时
1． 一般将来时的构成
一般将来时是由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的。shall只限于第一人称，主要见于英国英语，现在的趋势是第一、二、三人称的单复数形式均用will表示。在口语中，shall和will常缩写成“'ll”，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not 和will not 常简略为shan't 和won't。
I'll go and shut the door.我去关门。
When will you know your exam results?
你什么时候能知道考试结果？
I can see you're busy, so I won't stay long.我看得出你很忙，所以我不会呆太久的。
提示：在you and I或both of us等短语后，只用will，不用shall。
You and I will arrive there next Monday.我和你下周一都要到达那里。
Both of us will graduate from middle school next year.我们俩明年中学毕业。
2．一般将来时的用法
①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
I shall be free this afternoon.我今天下午有空。
There'll be no chemistry classes tomorrow.明天没有化学课。
They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.他们可能去上海度假。
注意：
在口语中，常用will / shall + be doing结构来代替will / shall + 动词原形，以表示生动。
I'll be seeing a friend off at the airport.我要去机场给一个朋友送行。
He'll be going with us tomorrow.他明天和我们一起去。
②表示将要反复发生的动作
My uncle will come to see me every Saturday.我叔叔每个星期六都会来看我。
The students will have five English classes per week this term.本学期学生们每周要上五节英语课。
③表示同意或答应做某事
That bag looks heavy.I'll help you with it.这个包看起来很重，我来帮你提。
I won't tell anyone what happened, I promise.我保证不告诉别人所发生的事。
④表示一种倾向或推测
Flowers will die without water.没有水花会枯死的。
Water will change into ice at 0℃.水在零摄氏度就会结冰。
This will be your sister, I guess.我猜想这是你姐姐。
3．一般将来时的常用结构
①用于“I expect, I'm sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句”中
Don't worry about the exam.I'm sure you'll pass.不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的。
I wonder what will happen.我不知道将会发生什么事。
I don't think the test will be very difficult.我想这次测验不会太难。
②用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中
Work hard and you will succeed.如果你努力，就会成功的。
Go at once and you will see her.马上去，你就会见到她了。
③与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用
I'll let you know as soon as he arrives.他一到我就通知你。
If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他，他会帮助你的。
We shall go unless it rains.除非下雨，否则我们是要去的。4．将来时间的其他表达法
①be going to + 动词原形
“be going to+ 动词原形”这一结构常用于口语中。
a.表示决定或打算要做某事
I'm going to buy a new coat this winter.今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。
Are you going to play basketball after class?
下课后你去打篮球吗？
He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.他长大后要当医生。
What are you going to do today?
今天你打算做什么？
b.表示有迹象即将要发生什么事
Look at those black clouds.It is going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
The car is going to turn over.汽车要翻了！
There is going to be a snowstorm.将有一场暴风雪。
比较：
“be going to + 动词原形”与“will / shall + 动词原形”的区别
1．be going to通常表示很快就要发生的事，而will/shall既可表示不久的将来，也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。
She is going to get better.她的病要好了。（有恢复健康的迹象）
She will get better.她的病会好的。（认为最终会恢复健康的）
2．will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的； be going to则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。
—
George phoned while you were out.你外出的时候乔治打电话来的。
—
Ok.I'll phone him back.好的，我给他回电话。（临时决定）
—
Matthew phoned while you were out.你外出的时候马修打电话来了。
—
Yes, I know.I'm going to phone him back.是的，我知道了。我准备给他回电话。（早有安排）
但在正式文体中，要用will来表示事先安排的动作。
The meeting will begin at 10:00 a.m..会议将在10点开始。
Coffee will be served from 9:30 from today onwards.从今天起9:30开始供应咖啡。
3．表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，要用be going to，不用will或shall。
I feel terrible.I think I'm going to be sick.我觉得不舒服，我想我要生病了。
4．be going to 可用于条件句，表示将来时间，will则不能。
If you are going to attend the meeting, you'd better leave now.如果你要出席会议，你最好现在就动身。
②be + 动词的-ing形式
“be + 动词的-ing形式”表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get 以及eat, meet, see off, die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语，则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。
He is leaving for Xinjiang in a few days.他几天后要动身去新疆。
I am dining out tonight.今晚我将出去吃饭。
The plane is taking off soon.飞机马上就要起飞了。
The old man is dying.那位老人快要死了。
比较：
“be + 动词的-ing形式”和“be going to + 动词原形”的异同
1．表示按计划发生的动作时，两者可互换。
We are moving to a new flat tomorrow.我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。
We are going to move to a new flat tomorrow.我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。
2．表示由于客观因素而产生的将来动作或状态时，用be going to结构，不用be + 动词的-ing形式。
You are going to fall if you climb that tree.如果你爬树的话，你会摔下来的。（不可说 You are falling if...）
Be careful.You are going to break that chair.当心！你会把那张椅子弄坏的。（不可说 You are breaking that chair）
③ be + 动词不定式
这一结构中的be，只有现在式(am, is, are)和过去式(was, were)两种形式。
a.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
The highway is to be open to traffic in May.这条公路将在五月份通车。
Am I to take over his work?
我是不是要接管他的工作？
b.用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作
If we are to take the 5:00 train, we must leave now.如果我们乘坐5点的火车的话，那我们现在就得出发。
c.表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不许”。
You are to be back before 10 p.m..你必须在10点前回来。
You are not to go out alone at night.晚上你不能单独出去。
比较：
“be + 动词不定式”与“be going to+ 动词原形”的区别
1．“be going to+ 动词原形”侧重说话人个人的意图和打算，“be + 动词不定式”侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事。
I'm going to try my best to write this article well.我将尽力把这篇文章写好。
Am I to wait here till their arrival?
我要在这儿一直等到他们抵达吗？
2．表示由于客观因素或不受人控制的将要发生的动作时，只用“be going to+ 动词原形”，不用“be + 动词不定式”。
It's going to rain.天要下雨了。（不说It's to rain.）
Rachel is going to faint.雷切尔要晕倒了。④ 一般现在时
一般现在时可以用来表示将来时间，主要用法有：
a.表示由于日历或时刻表的规定而固定不变的或比较不易变更的将来时间发生的动作。
Tomorrow is Friday.明天是星期五。
What time does the next train leave for Paris?
下一班开往巴黎的火车几点出发？
b.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时间的动作或状态。
I'll give the book to you after I finish it.我看完这本书就给你。
If he arrives, we must go and meet him at the railway station.如果他到了，我们就得到火车站去接他。
c.在hope, suppose等后面的宾语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来动作或状态。
I hope all is well with him.我希望他一切都好。
Suppse we go hiking tomorrow.我们明天还是去远足吧。
D．一般过去将来时
1．一般过去将来时的构成
一般过去将来时是由“should/would + 动词原形”构成的。
He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。
They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。
2．一般过去将来时的用法
一般过去将来时间的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作和状态。
a.一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中
He said they would arrange a party.他说他们将安排一个晚会。
I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.我问他是否来帮我修电视机。
b.一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态
If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。
3．过去将来时间其他表达法
a.was/were going to +动词原形
He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.他说他退休后要住在农村。
They thought it was going to rain.他们认为天要下雨了。
b.was/were +动词的-ing形式
Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.没人知道客人们是否要来。
I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes.我被告知火车几分钟后就要开了。
c.was/were +动词不定式
She said she was to clean the classroom after school.她说她放学后要打扫教室。
It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River.据报道长江上将要再建一座大桥。
提示：
“was/were going to +动词原形”或“was/were + 动词不定式完成式”可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。
Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。（没有去成）
I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before.我是打算帮忙演出的，但前天我感冒了。（没有帮上忙）
d.was/were about to do
“was/were about to do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。
I felt something terrible was about to happen.我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。
e.was/were on the point of doing
I'm glad you have come.I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now.很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。
提示：
“be about to do”和“be on the point of doing”结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连 用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。
I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.我正要动身天突然下雨了。
进行时
二、进行时
进行时表示动作正在进行，这个动作是暂时的，也是未完成的。进行时包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。A．现在进行时
1．现在进行时的构成
现在进行时是由“am, is, are +现在分词”构成的。
I'm reading the evening newspaper.我正在看晚报。
Now it isn't snowing outside.现在外面不在下雪。
Are they playing soccer in the playground?
他们正在操场上踢足球吗？
2．现在进行时的用法 ①现在进行时的基本用法
a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作
通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语（now, at this moment），或通过Look/Listen!这两个提示语来表明此时此刻动作正在进行。
She is making a fire now.她正在生火。
Listen!Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.听！玛丽正在教室里唱英文歌。
b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作
They are planting trees on the hill these days.这几天他们正在山上种树。
I don't really work here;I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我并不在这儿工作，我只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙罢了。
c.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
能这样用的动词并不多，通常是arrive, begin, come, do, drive, fly, go, leave, stay等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。
Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days.12
几天后简和贝蒂将出去度假。
Where are you staying in Guangzhou?
你到广州后准备住在哪里？
②现在进行时的特殊用法
a.表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩
现在进行时往往与constantly, always, forever等状语连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。
She's constantly complaining.她不停地抱怨。
My brother is always leaving things about.我弟弟总是乱丢东西。
He is forever thinking of doing more for the students.他总是想着为学生多做些事情。
b.表示某一具体动作或心理状态的发展过程
The house is falling down.房子正在倒下。
The weather is changing for the better.天气慢慢转好了。
注意：
有时表示一个动作刚刚开始。
I'm forgetting my English.我的英语开始忘了。
Food is costing more.食品贵了起来。
c.强调动作的重复
The train is arriving late almost every day this summer.这个夏季火车几乎天天晚点。
Someone is knocking at the door.有人不断地在敲门。
The boy is jumping with joy.那男孩高兴地跳个不停。
d.表示两个动作是同一动作
He who helps others is helping himself.帮人就是帮自己。
If you insist on doing it, you are doing a foolish thing.如果你坚持做这件事，你就是在干傻事。
e.be动词的进行时态
be动词一般不用于进行时态。但有时可用“am, is, are + being +形容词”结构表示暂时或故意如此。
The boy is being naughty.这孩子有点儿淘气。
I don't think you are being fair.我认为你不公平。
He is being modest.他现在很谦虚。
比较：
You are not polite.你不讲礼貌。（一贯如此）
You are not being polite.你可有点儿不礼貌了。（暂时的现象）
3.不用进行时态的动词
①表示状态的动词
这类动词有seem, look, appear, have, belong to, own, hold等。
This backpack belongs to me.这背包是我的。
He seems rather angry with you.看起来他很生你的气。
②表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词
这类动词有know, remember, understand, see, think, believe, suppose, hope, doubt等。
I don't think he will come tomorrow.我想他明天不会来。
I still remember the days when we studied together.我还记得我们一起学习的那些日子。
提示：
有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程。
She's understanding you better now.她越来越了解你了。
③表示要求、心愿等意义的动词
这类动词有want, wish, need, desire等。
Your clothes need washing.你的衣服需要洗了。
How I wish I were a bird！
我多希望我是一只鸟啊！
④表示继续或持续含义的动词
这类动词有continue, keep, last, go on等。
She still continues in poor health.她仍然身体很差。
Every day after finishing his homework, he goes on to do some reading.他每天做完作业后，都会继续看会儿书。
⑤表示感觉的动词
这类动词有see, hear, smell, taste, feel等。
The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来不错。
This flower smells nice.这花闻上去很香。
Your suggestion sounds reasonable.你的建议听上去有道理。
注意：
如果这些动词表示一种有意识的行为，则可用进行时态。
She is tasting the apple.她正在尝苹果。
The dog is smelling the footprints.狗正在嗅脚印。
The bell is sounding for dinner.晚饭铃响了。
4．现在进行时和一般现在时的比较
①暂时性动作和经常性动作
The computer is working perfectly.计算机运转得很好。（暂时）
The computer works perfectly.计算机运转很好。（一直如此）
②持续性动作和短暂性动作
The bus is stopping.车停了下来。（渐渐地）
The bus stops.车停了。（迅速）
③暂时性动作和永久性动作
She is living in the country.她现在住在农村。（暂时）
She lives in the country.她住在农村。（永久）
④有感情色彩和没有感情色彩
He is doing well at school.他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）
He does well at school.他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）
B.过去进行时 1.过去进行时的构成
过去进行时是由“was / were +现在分词”构成的。
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。
Were you expecting him yesterday?
你昨天一直在等他吗？
They were not talking when I came in.我进来的时候他们没在说话。2.过去进行时的用法
①过去进行时的基本用法
a.表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生
I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上7点我正在吃晚饭。
She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper.她弹钢琴时我在看报。
提示：
当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时。
We listened closely while the teacher read the text.老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。
b.表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作
We were talking about you the whole morning.我们整个上午都在说你。
He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon.昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在看电视。
c.表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事
He told me that he was going soon.他告诉我他很快就要走了。
She said she was leaving for New York the next month.她说她下个月动身去纽约。
②过去进行时的特殊用法
a.表示故事发生的背景
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.那支医疗小组往前线行进时天正下着雪。
Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.汤姆乘没人注意时溜进了房间。
b.表示一个新的动作刚刚开始
过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作，这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
Five minutes later, he was standing at the door, smoking.5分钟后，他已站在门口抽着烟。
The baby was crying hard, and suddenly the crying stopped.这婴儿在大声啼哭，突然，哭声停止了。
c.用来陈述原因或用作借口
She went to the doctor yesterday.She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
I haven't finished my homework because I was helping my mother at home all day yesterday.我作业没做完是因为我昨天一直帮妈妈在家干活。
d.与always, constantly等词连用，表示感情色彩
The girl was always changing her mind.这女孩老是改变主意。
In the past he was constantly asking me for money.过去他总是向我要钱。
3．过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
①一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚给朋友写了封信。（信写完了）
She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。（信不一定写完）
②一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
She waved to me.她朝我挥了挥手。
She was waving to me.她不断地朝我挥手。
The boy jumped up and down.这男孩跳了一下。
The boy was jumping up and down.这男孩不停地跳着。
C.将来进行时
1．将来进行时的构成
将来进行时是由“shall/will + be +现在分词”构成的。
Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00.We'll be having classes then.8点到10点之间不要给我打电话，我们那时正在上课。
Will you be using your bicycle this evening?
今晚你用自行车吗？
She won't be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow.明天8点她不在开会。
2．将来进行时的用法
①将来进行时的基本用法
a.表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作
I'll be taking my holiday soon.我不久就去度假了。
They will be meeting us at the station.他们会在车站接我们的。
b.在口语中代替will/shall do
I hope you will be coming on time.我希望你按时来。
I'll be seeing Mr.Smith tomorrow.我明天将见到史密斯先生。
The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.部长将就国际事务发表演讲。
②将来进行时的特殊用法
a.表示原因、结果或猜测
Please come tomorrow afternoon.Tomorrow morning I'll be having a meeting.请你明天下午来吧。我明天上午有个会。（表原因）
Stop the child or he will be falling over.抓住那个孩子，要不他会掉下去的。（表结果）
You will be making a mistake.你会出错的。（表推测）
b.用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌
Will you be reading anything else?
你还要看点儿什么吗？
When shall we be meeting again?
我们什么时候再见面？
c.表示稍后一点儿的安排
The students aer studying Unit 3 this week, and next week we'll be studying Unit 4.这星期我们学第三单元，下周我们将学第四单元。
My duties will end in July and I will be returning to Shanghai.我的任务在7月结束，之后我会回上海。
完成时
三、完成时
完成时是用来表示动作的完成与未完成的情况。完成时包括现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
A．现在完成时
1．现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的构成形式是“have / has +过去分词”。现在完成时常被称为“与现在有联系的过去”，因此它不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。
I haven't seen much of her lately.我最近不常见到她。
How long have they been married?
他们结婚多长时间了？ 2．现在完成时的用法
①表示结果的现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成，并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。
I have bought a pen.我买了一支笔。（结果：I have a pen now.）
The temperature has increased by 10℃.19
温度上升了10摄氏度。（结果：It is quite hot now.）
Air pollution has taken the lives of many people.空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。（结果：Air pollution is very serious now.）
注意：
现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。
【误】I have bought a pen but I have lost it now.（have bought表示你现在已经有笔了，这和后面的have lost有矛盾）
【正】I bought a pen but I have lost it now.我（过去）买了一支笔，但我已经把它丢了。
【误】I have lost my pen but I have found it now.（have lost强调你现在已经没有笔了，与后面have found的意思有冲突）
【正】I lost my pen but I have found it now.我丢了一支笔，但现在已经找到了。
②表示经历的现在完成时
强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
你去过长城吗？
I have visited Beijing at least ten times.北京我至少访问过十次了。
She has never spent a holiday at the seaside.她从未到海滨度过假。
③表示延续的现在完成时
这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法，表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能要继续下去。
He's loved fishing for a long time.他爱好钓鱼为时已久。（他现在仍爱好钓鱼）
I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在这儿住了三十多年了。（也许还会继续住下去）
注意：
现在完成时的“未完成”用法既可用于动态动词（主要是持续动词），也可用于状态动词，但它一般不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词，如：open, break, go, come, arrive, leave等。如用这类动词表示“未完成”，通常只限于否定结构。
I haven't seen a film for weeks.我已经好几个星期没看电影了。
She hasn't written to me since September.自从9月份以来她还没给我写过信呢。
3．现在完成时的时间状语
①与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语
现在完成时表示的动作或状态发生在现在时间以前的某个未明确指出的过去时间内，和它连用的时间状语要与现在时间有关，不能是明确地表示过去的时间状语。
a.不确定的过去时间状语：already, yet, before, recently, lately等
I've seen the film before.我以前看过这部电影。
Have you been there lately?
近来你去过那里吗?
b.频度时间状语：often, sometimes, ever, never, once, rarely等
We have never heard of that.我们从未听说过这事。
He has sometimes played tennis.他有时打网球。
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.大本钟很少出差错。
c.包含现在时间在内的时间状语：now, just, today, this morning, this week, this year等
I have just finished the letter now.我现在刚写完信。
You have just missed the bus.你刚好错过公共汽车。
Has he done much work today?
他今天做了很多工作吗？
比较：already和yet用法上的区别
already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，置于句末。但already有时也可用在疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。
She has already gone.她早就走了。
Have you eaten your dinner already?
你已经吃过饭了?
He has not come yet.他还没有来。
②与现在完成时“未完成”用法连用的时间状语
与“已完成”用法一样，表示具体的过去的时间状语不能与“未完成”用法连用。与其连 用的往往是指一段时间的状语以具体表示某一动作或状态持续了多久。
a.since +具体时间，表示动作或状态从何时开始
Since then, he has developed another bad habit.自那以后他养成了另一个坏习惯。
He hasn't been home since he graduated.他毕业后就没回过家。
b.for +一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久
We have worked here for ages.我们在这里工作很久了。
There has been no rain here for nearly two months.这里已经近两个月没有下雨了。
c.until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment
到目前为止
I have not seen him so far.到目前为止我没见过他。
Up to the present, everything has been OK.到目前为止一切正常。
d.in/during the past/last five years
在刚刚过去的5年里
He has been away from school during the last few weeks.过去的几个星期里他没在学校。
In the past few years they have dealt with quite a few international corporations successfully.在过去的几年中他们已经和好几家跨国公司做成了生意。
e.all the while, all day一直，一整天
She has been busy all day.她忙了一整天。
4．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
①两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事实。
He locked the door.他锁过门。（但现在门是开是锁不清楚。）
He has locked the door.他把门锁上了。（现在门是锁着的。）
Who turned on the light?
谁开的灯？（着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。）
Who has turned on the light?
谁把灯打开了？（着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。）
②两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。
He has lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿）
He lived in Beijing for four years.他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）
B．过去完成时
过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。
1．过去完成时的构成
过去完成时是由“had+过去分词”构成的。
Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。
The man sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous.He had not flown before.飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张，他以前从没乘过飞机。
Had he gone home when you arrived?你到的时候他已经回家了吗？
2．过去完成时的用法
①“已完成”用法
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。
He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
They came earlier than we had expected.他们到得比我们预料的要早。
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。
It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months.旱了好几个月之后，昨天下雨了。
注意：
在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
The train(had)started before I reached the station.在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
After he(had)arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
②“未完成”用法
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能再持续下去。
Up to that time all had gone well.直到那时一切都很顺利。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
She said she had made much progress since she came here.她说自从她到这儿后已取得了很大的进步。
③“想象性”用法
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish, as if引导的从句中。
If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded.要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。（事实上她没努力，也没成功。）
I wish I had gone with you to the concert.我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years.那两个陌生人交谈起来就像是多年的老朋友。
④表示“刚刚……就……”
过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely...when..., no sooner...than...等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。提示：
intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
I had meant to come, but something happened.我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。
I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.我本打算去看你的，但没能去成。
They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time.他们原想帮忙的，但没能及时赶到这里。3．过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时表示过去时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它表示的是“比过去更过去”。
I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
He didn't know a thing about the verb, for he had not studied his lessons.他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站等了20分钟车才来。
C．将来完成时
1．将来完成时的构成
将来完成时的构成是由“shall/ will + have +过去分词”构成的。
Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。
He is somebody now.He will not have remembered his old classmates.他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。
Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month?到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？
2.将来完成时的用法
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
Will you soon have finished laying the table?
你会很快摆放好餐桌吗？
注意：
在时间状语从句中，不用将来完成时，要用现在完成时来代替。
When I have finished that, I shall have done all I am supposed to do.等我做完这件事时，我就做完我该做的所有的事了。
Please don't get off the bus until it has stopped.请待车停稳了再下车。
②表示推测
You will have heard of this, I guess.我想你已经听说过这件事了。
I am sure he will have got the information.我相信他一定得到了这个信息。
四、完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，包括现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。
A.现在完成进行时
1．现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时是由“have/has been +现在分词”构成的。
He is ill.He's been lying in bed for three weeks.他病了，已经卧床3个星期了。
Your eyes are red.Have you been crying?
你眼睛红了。你刚刚哭过了吗？
What have you been doing all this time?
这半天你干什么来着？
2.现在完成进行时的用法
①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在
现在完成进行时常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。
I have been reading Hemingway's Farewell to Arms recently.我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。
She has been reciting the words all the morning.她整个上午都在背单词。
This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。
②表示动作刚刚结束
My clothes are all wet.I've been working in the rain.我的衣服全湿了，我刚才一直在雨中干活。
He is dead drunk.He's been drinking with his friends.他烂醉如泥，他刚才一直在和朋友们喝酒。
③表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作
You've been saying that for five years.这话你已经说了五年了。
He has been writing articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher.自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊杂志撰稿。
④表达较重的感情色彩
What have you been doing to my dictionary?
看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了！
Time has been flying so quickly!
时间过得可真快啊！
Too much has been happening today.今天可真是个多事的日子。
3.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较
①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
Have you been meeting him recently?
你最近常和他见面吗？
Have you met him recently?
你最近见到过他吗？
②现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。
I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）
I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）
③现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。
Who has been eating the oranges?
谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）
Who has eaten the oranges?
谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）
B.过去完成进行时
1.过去完成进行时的构成
过去完成进行时是由“had been +现在分词”构成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time?
他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？
Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。
2.过去完成进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作 过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作
He had been mentioning your name to me.他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中（详见第12章）
The doctor asked what he had been eating.医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.我问他们那些天是待在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
3．过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较
She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。（强调结果）
She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。（强调动作一直在进行）
第二篇：英语语法—动词时态（推荐）
动词时态
英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。动词时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：“现在、进行、过去、将来”四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态和完成进行状态四种。由时态结合，便形成下列十六种时态： 一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时； 现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时； 现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；
现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时． 一般现在时
1.概念：表示经常发生的情况、有规律出现的情况、总是发生的事和事实真理。2.时间状语：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month„），once a week(day, year, month„），on Sundays（on Mondays „）.3.基本结构：主语 + do/does +其他；（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）。
4.否定形式：主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他（此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词）。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。
（2）He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。（3）Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month„），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构：主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。
4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + 其他(在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词)。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。（2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.标志：Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes,，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：（1）主语 + am/is/are + going to + do sth（2）主语 + will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写} 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：The next day(morning , year„），the following month(week„），etc.3.基本结构：主语 + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主语 + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + going to + do;主语 + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：（1）He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。（2）I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc.look, listen 3.基本结构：主语+ be + doing + 其它
4.否定形式：主语 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句：How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构主语+was/were +doing +其它
4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写）
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时，我正在读报纸。将来进行时
1.概念：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。
2.时间状语：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本结构：主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词 + 其它
4.否定形式：主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其它
5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间，他们正坐在电影院。
He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。过去将来进行时 1.概念：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。2.基本结构：should/would + be + 现在分词
3.例句：They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。
He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 时间点，for + 时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：主语 + have/has + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它
4.否定形式：主语 + have/has + not + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 5.一般疑问句：have或has放句首。
6.例句：I've written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year(term, month„），etc.3.基本结构：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它
4.否定形式：主语 + had + not +p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。
By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上个月底，我们已经复习了四本书。基本结构：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 ①肯定句：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它
②否定句：主语 + had + not + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 ③一般疑问句：Had +主语 + p.p（过去分词）+其它 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 将来完成时
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of + 时间短语（将来）；by the time + 从句（将来）3.基本结构：主语 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候，就将发生巨大的变化。过去将来完成时
1.概念：表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作，常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。
2.基本结构：should/would have done sth.3.例句：I thought you'd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。现在完成进行时
1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构：主语 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.时间状语：since + 时间点，for + 时间段等。
4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。
The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.从6点起，孩子们一直看电视。过去完成进行时
1.概念：表示某个正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。
2.基本结构：主语 + had + been + doing + 其它
3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？ 4.特殊含义：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。（他没写完）②企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。（他曾努力学习过它）③未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。（但是我们没有理解）
④最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。（最近）⑤反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。（屡次）⑥情绪：What had he been doing？他做了什么 将来完成进行时
1.概念：表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。
2.基本结构：shall/will have been doing 3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。过去将来完成进行时
1.概念：表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。2.基本结构：should/would + have + been +现在分词
3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉我，到年底时，他就在那住了30年了。
第三篇：初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)
初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。
例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点
离开家。
2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。3）表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用
一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much.我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now.我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行 的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客 观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”。
例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。句型：It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了” “早该……了”，例如: It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。句型：would（had）rather sb.did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
例如：I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
11.3 used to / be used to used to + do：“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或“习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名 词或动名词。
例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't 答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
11.4 一般将来时
1）shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2）be going to +不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。
例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b.计划，安排要发生的事。
例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c.有迹象要发生的事。
例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3）be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4）be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的
时间状语连用。
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你要去旅游,你最好一有可能就做好准备
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.如果你脱下衣服,我们将在镜子前帮你穿上新衣服 11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或 计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时 可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.车来了。There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.铃响了。3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时 可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ 11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还 存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have（has）+过去分词。
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现 在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语 连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）He has been in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续）注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time … that… 结构中的从句部分，用现在 完成时。
例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time（that）I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that I've（ever）seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1）---Do you know our town at all?---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming 答案B.This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。（2）---Have you ____ been to our town before?---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come 答案D.ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。注意： 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发
生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.11.12 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。(延续)I have lived here since I was born.我从出生起就住在这儿了。(开始时间)注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.（我现在已不在这里工作。）I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对）Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（错）Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.11.13 since的四种用法
1）since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。
例如： I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在这儿。2）since +一段时间+ ago。
例如： I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3）since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后，变化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here.我们走后，变化可大了。
4）It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有两年了。11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词 1）用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时 间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。（表结果）I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）2）用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示 “到……，才……”。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点。典型例题
1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。
再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。11.15 过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时 以前 那时 现在 2）用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said（that）she had never been to Paris.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。b.状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一 般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c.表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before.他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。典型例题 ：
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A.had written, left B，were writing, has left C.had written, had left D.were writing, had left 答案D.“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。2）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.我听到这个消息后，很兴奋。3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.老师告诉我们，哥伦比亚在1492年发现美州。11.17 将来完成时
第四篇：高二英语语法之动词的时态及语态
六.时态和语态
I.单句语法填空
1.More efforts, as reported, __________________(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform(2016高考江苏卷）
2.Jack __________________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016高考北京卷）
3.Dashan, who ___________________(learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016高考江苏卷）
4.I _________________(read)half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016高考北京卷）
5.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _______________________(reward)with success in the end.(2016高考北京卷）6.Silk _____________________(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.(2016年高考浙江卷）
7.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it ________________(pass)and is beyond our control.8.--I am really struck by your spoken English.You speak so fluently.Have you been abroad?
--Yes.I ______________(stay)in London for two years.9.--Do you think I’m a good surfer?
--Of course!I ________________(watch)you earlier.You made it look so easy, graceful even.10.Around two o’clock every night, Jill will start talking in her dream.It somewhat _______________(bother)us.II.单句改错
1.He was hoping to go abroad but his parents decided that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.2.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people be persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.3.I was staying with my uncle and aunt because my parents have gone abroad for a holiday.4.According to the art dealer, the painting is expecting to go for at least a million dollars.5.The high standard of the nation’s literature and art has been attracted widespread attention.6.It was ten years since we have had such a wonderful time.7.Last summer I take a part-time job in the International Camp for children.8.I’ll send my friend Li Dong to meet you at the airport when you arrived.9.It has been two weeks since we graduate from middle school.10.Action should taken to protect our environment.参考答案：
I.1.will be made
2.was working
3.has been learning
4.have read
5.will be rewarded
6.had become
7.has passed
8.stayed
9.was watching bothers
II.1.decided 前加have
2.be----are
3.was--am
4.expecting---expected
5.去掉been
6.have----had
7.take---took
8.arrived---arrive
9.graduate---graduated
10.should 和taken 中间加be
第五篇：高三英语语法复习教案-动词时态语态
高三英语语法复习教案-动词时态语态 【时态的基本概念】
时态是表示谓语动作时间概念的动词形式。英语中的时态专指谓语动词而言，不同时间概念的谓语动作有不同的时态，每一个时态又有各自不同的动词形式。高中阶段要求学生熟练掌握八种时态，此外现在完成进行时在高中教材中反复出现，也应列入“应知应会”的范围。
1.一般现在时：经常发生的动作或规律性的动作。
Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food.(P.2, Senior Book1B)The moon travels round the earth once every month.(P.8, Senior Book2B)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的概念。引起时间状语从句的连词有：when, after, before, until, as soon as；引起条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless;so(as)long as。
I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free.(P.52, Senior Book1A)2.一般过去时：过去发生过了的动作，这个动作的全过程已经结束。诸如yesterday, last… …ago都是典型的一般过去时的时间状语。
Fortunately, I was in time for the interview.(P.34, Senior Book2B)The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could.(P.34, Senior Book2B)3.一般将来时：将要发生的动作。----It's a bit windy today, isn't it?----Yes, it is.Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.(P.43, senior Book2B)Besides, you will not find coral near the mouths of rivers either because the river water has too much soil in it or because it is polluted.(P.20, Senior Book2B)Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built?(P.24, Senior Book2B)4.现在进行时：说话时正在发生的动作。
I'm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.I'm trying to find the name of a famous person.Can you help me?(P.1, Senior Book2B)现在进行时同always配合使用时，带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。
They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating.(P.3, Senior Book1B)5.过去进行时:过去某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。
He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat.(P.32, Senior Book2B)Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.(P.6, Senior Book1B)6.现在完成时：与现在有联系的过去的动作。
Mr.Ball has just called on Mrs.Zhu to give her a message.(P.13, Senior Book2B)同现在的联系是：“刚刚探访了朱夫人，给她带了口信”，这件事距现在时间很近，没有多长时间。
We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you.(P.19, Senior Book1B)同现在的联系是：现在你们已经知道有关她的经历，不会影响做出决定。
7.过去完成时：比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来，有时通过上下文暗示。Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money.(P.14, Senior Book2B)本句中had left her a lot of money 发生在her parents were dead之前，比较容易看出“过去的过去”，应该不会产生理解上的困难。
Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt music as a young boy.(P.3, Senior Book2B)课文一直在叙述爱因斯坦的经历、成就，使用的都是一般过去时。或者我们可以说一般过去时是课文的基础时态。课文的最后又倒叙爱因斯坦少年时代的事情，这是比基础时态一般过去时更早的动作，因此两个并列的谓语动词都用过去完成时。在这类句子中，作为参照的动作或时间需要我们通过对文章的整体理解才能体会出来。
8.过去将来时：以过去某一时间为参照，将要发生的动作。在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求，经常会用到过去将来时。
I thought it was going to be fun.(P.54, Senior Book1A)针对 I thought 这个过去的动作而言的将来。
9.现在完成进行时： 由过去开始，延续到现在并且可能继续进行的动作。现在完成进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“一直┉”。
People have been talking of it a lot recently.(P.25, Senior Book2B)最近人们一直在大量地谈论这件事。
Pippa's parents have been waiting for them.(P.61, Senior Book2A)Pippa的父母一直在等他们。
For years we have been dreaming better housing and jobs.(P.37, Senior Book2B)多年来我们一直梦想着更好的住房和工作。【相关知识及运用】
1.一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别。
上述三个时态在使用中容易混淆是因为他们有相近的地方，这个相近之处就是“过去”。现在完成时和过去完成时的概念都同“过去”有关，彼此之间的混淆便由此产生。只有抓住他们的不同，才能熟练地将这三种时态区别开。①一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。
In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge.(P.56, Senior Book2B)向读者陈述1775年所发生的故事的地点、人物等有关信息。②现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况： a)过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。
----Would you go to see the film with me this evening?----Sorry, I have seen it before.have seen the film的动作肯定发生在过去，对现在的影响是“我不想和你去看了”。b)过去的动作延续到现在。表示这种延续时经常会用到for、since一类时间状语。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university.(从毕业一直延续到现在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years.(20年前发生的 “live”，一直延续到现在)③过去完成时必须有一个过去的动作作为参照点，由此发生了同一般过去时混淆的问题。过去完成时是一种相对的时态，它必须有一个过去的动作为参照，比这个过去的参照动作更早的动作才能用过去完成时。如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过去完成时，即使是一亿年前的动作也是一般过去时。
When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.got to the cinema是过去的动作，had begun则发生在got to the cinema 之前。进行时态的两种概念
现在进行时和过去进行时都具有两种不同的时间概念：瞬间概念和阶段概念。
①现在进行时的瞬间概念就是“说话的时候”。表示瞬间概念时，现在进行时的时态特点是，动作已经开始，正在过程中，但尚未结束。
基于这一特点，下列句子通常用现在进行时，以表达动作没有结束。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.I'm getting on well with my English.过去进行时的瞬间概念通常用表示“点时间”的时间状语表达出来。I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.②阶段概念的时间状语是“段时间”，表示在一段时间内一直在做的动作，至于动作是否结束则不是说话者所关心的。
He is writing a new novel these days.这些天他一直在写一本新小说。（没有干其他的事情）The workers were building a bridge last year.这些工人们去年一直在修建一座桥。2.将来时的五种动词形式
1.will(shall)+动词原形，用以表示“预见”和“主观意图” Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side.(P1, Senior Book2A)（表示“预见”）
Let's go together then.I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty.(P.19, Senior Book2A)
(表示“主观意图)2.be going to + 动词原形，用以表示”打算做某事“或”已经有迹象将要发生的情况。I'm going to cut this tree down.(P.25, Senior Book1B)It is going to rain.(有迹象表明将要下雨)3.be to +动词原形，用以表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止。
The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.(P.33, Senior Book2B)4.will be doing，在当代英语中用以表示纯粹的将来。Who will be taking over her job? Everybody else will be wearing jewellery.(P.13, Senior Book1B)5.用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。这种用法通常仅限于瞬间动词，因为瞬间动词不可能有“进行”的概念，所以不会产生歧义。
How many of you are making the trip?(P.9, Senior Book1B)Is anybody seeing you off?(P.13 Senior Book1A)
【语态的基本概念】 语态是表示主语、谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式。在英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。
主动语态所表达的主、谓、宾之间的关系是：主语发出或执行谓语动作，谓语动作的对象或承受者为宾语。即主语同谓语具有语意上的逻辑关系，谓语同宾语具有语意上的逻辑关系。被动语态所表达的关系是：动作的承受者做句子的主语，这时句子的主语和谓语之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.(P.8, Senior Book2B)谓语动词use同主语satellites for broadcasting具有逻辑动宾关系，因此使用被动语态。我们可以将这个句子恢复成正常的主、谓、宾关系：
We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.【相关知识及运用】
1.被动语态的动词形式问题： 在语言实践中，语态和时态总是结合在一起使用，每一个时态都有同它相对应的被动语态形式。
被动语态的基本形式：语态助动词be + 过去分词。
凡需进行时态变化时，只将be 变为与其相应的时态形式，过去分词永远不变。
动词do 的时态、语态形式变化对照表
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do(does)am(is, are)+ done 一般过去时 did was(were)+ done 一般将来时 will(shall)do will be + done 现在进行时 am(is are)doing am(is,are)being+done 过去进行时 was(were)doing was(were)being+done 现在完成时 have(has)done have(has)been+done 过去完成时 had done had been+done 过去将来时 would do would be + done 现在完成进行时 have(has)been doing 没有被动形式 过去完成进行时 Had been doing 没有被动形式
Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me;Follow Me to Science.(P.46, Senior Book1A)Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane.(P.9, Senior Book2B)They are already being used in agriculture and industry.(P.26, Senior Book2B)Computer will be used more and more in transport.(P.26, Senior Book2B)A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people.(P.46, Senior Book2B)2.高考试题实例分析 直接考查时态、语态知识的试题主要体现在单项选择和改错两个题型中，而且几乎每年都会考到，因此必须将时态、语态问题作为复习的重点内容，务求达到深刻理解，熟练运用。近年来高考命题的特点是，在特定的语言环境中考查对时态、语态的理解。试题的意图往往隐蔽、迂回，迷惑项的设计技巧很高，容易干扰考生的思维。如果没有对时态概念的深刻理解，没有对语言应用环境的综合分析，便会对试题感到困惑。下列试题可以帮助我们领悟高考命题的趋势。例1：
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly.（2001年高考试题）
A.is changing
B.has changed
C.will have changed
D.will change 答案为A。试题没有把考查的意图定位于对时态概念的简单理解，考生必须对现在进行时的本质特征----动作尚未完成，仍在过程中----有深刻的理解，否则将思路仅仅局限在“正在变化”、“已经变化”或“将要变化”，难于得出正确的结论。例2：
I ______ ping-pong quite well, but haven't had time to play since the new year.（2001年高考试题）
A.will play
B.have played
C.played
D.play 答案为D。but 分句使用现在完成时，将谈话的时间概念限定在“当前”。如果选C，前一分句说“过去”，后一分句说“现在”，不合逻辑。本句的意思是说“乒乓球一向打得好，只是最近一段时间没有打”，“乒乓球打得好”是一种技能，选用一般现在时，是“经常发生的动作”这一概念的扩展和延伸。例3：
----You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda.Do you like it?---I'm sorry I ______ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it's pretty on you.（2002年高考试题）
A.wasn't saying
B.don't say
C.won't say
D.didn't say 答案为D。sorry的原因是早先没有说到这件事，因此必须用一般过去时。例4：
The price ______, but I doubt whether it will remain so.（1999年高考试题）
A.went down
B.will go down
C.has gone down
D.was going down 答案为 C。目前价格的状况已经低下来，至于“价格下降”始于何时同谈话的内容无关。试题意在考查对“过去的动作对现在的影响”的理解。
时态语态基础训练1 I.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式填充。
1.Let's keep to the point or we ______ never_______(reach)any decisions.2.My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I______(miss)half of it.3.I don't think Jim saw me;he _____ just ______(start)into space.4.I ____(ask)you not to move my dictionary--now I can't find it.5.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______(begin)to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.6.--George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?
--No, I ______ ______ ______(invite).Did they have a big wedding?
7.Shirley _____(write)a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.8.John and I have been friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _____ ______(see)each other a couple of times before that.9.His wife _____ ______(hope)to catch the first train but she was too late.10.I _____ ______(catch)in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11.I found the sentence _____ ______(not read)smoothly.12.What he had said at the meeting _____(prove)true.13.---Did you see Tom at the party?
---No.He _____ _____(leave)by the time I arrived.14.---How time flies!It's already 10 o'clock.---Oh, I _____ _____(not realize)it at all.15.---I'm sorry that I shouldn't have been so rude to you.---You did_____(lose)your temper but that's OK.II.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式确翻译下列各句 ：
1.The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _____ _____(一直抓着)him but failed.2.--What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
--I had just finished my work and ____ _____(正准备开始)to take a shower.3.--You were out when I dropped in at your house.--Oh, I_____ _____(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport.4.---Why haven't you asked her to come here?
---She ________(正在做工)an important experiment when I found her and she hasn't finished it.5.---What were you up to when she dropped in?
---I_____ _____(刚玩了一会儿)for a while and _____ _____ _____ _____(正打算看书)some reading.6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______often_____(会看到)advertisement showing happy families.7.---What place is it?---Haven't you seen that we are back where we _____(回到了原地)? 8.---Tomorrow is my birthday.I'd like you and Jane to come.---I'm not sure if she _____ _____(将)free.9.The crazy fans ______ _____ ______(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.10.You_______ _______(要求你ask)not to move the desk--now it is broken.时态语态基础训练2 1.By the time I saw the angry expression in his face, I _____ exactly what I was having to face.But not for a moment _______ I should quit.A.had known;I thought
B.have known;had I thought
C.would know;I would think
D.knew;did I think 2.In such a fierce competition, a person h as to make every effort if he _____.A.has succeeded
B.is to succeed
C.should succeed
D.will succeed 3.The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if ______ that he had something to tell the doctor.A.saying
B.having said
C.to say
D.to have said 4.It should be 302.But I hear that it _____ till tomorrow.A.was put off
B.will put off
C.has been put off
D.is put off 5.The University of Tokyo is the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the lead when it comes to ____ new challenges.A.be faced
B.face
C.facing
D.faced 6.In fact, more and more people _____ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life”.A.chose
B.choose
C.are choosing
D.have chosen 7.Our car _____ at the present speed until it reaches Qingdao at about nine o'clock tonight.A.went
B.is going
C.goes
D.will be going 8.China is _____ to______ continued help to Iraq in its reconstruction.A.willingly;give
B.willing;giving
C.willing;offer
D.will;offering 9.I ________, but I can't leave until I finish typing all the letters.A.had planned to
B.planned to
C.am still planning to
D.was still planning to
10.Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _______ for Indonesia to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few words.A.has just left
B.was just leaving
C.had just left
D.just left 11.Has George returned from Japan yet? I'd like to meet him.Why do you look so upset?Usually at 13:15 but because of a small accident on the line, it
at 13:45.A．does;is going to start B．will;starts C．does;will start D．will;is to start 11.---How about my food? I __________ here for almost half an hour.---I'm sorry, sir.It must be ready by now.A.have been sitting
B.am sitting C.had been sitting
D.was sitting 12.---Remember the first time we met, Susan?---Of course I do.You _______ in the library.A.read
B.had read
C.were reading
D.would read 13.The number of people hurt in the traffic accident _______ to 95, the news agency reports.A.has increased
B.have increased
C.has been increased
D.have been increased 14.It seems that you _______ this report or you can see what I questioned just now.A.don't read B.didn't read C.haven't read D.hadn't read 15.-Hello, Jim.I
to see you today.Sonia said you
ill.-Oh I'm OK.A.didn't expect;were
B.don't expect;were C.haven't expected;are
D.are not expecting;are 16.We were very busy yesterday.Otherwise we _____ part in the discussion.A.would take
B.did take
C.had taken
D.would have taken 17.---My flight ______.I'd better be on my way.Goodbye.---Bye.Happy landing!A.was announced
B.is being announced
C.has announced
D.is announced 18Dear me!You
anything in the taxi!A.had never left
B.have never left
C.would never leave
D.never leave 19.This time next week, we _______astronauts from the Challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems.A.will see B.will have seen C.will be seeing D.shall see 20.Hey, Lee.I ___________ you never took interest in anything like this.What a surprise!A.don't think
B.didn't think C.think
D.thought 21.George had thought of paying a visit to the zoo with his children last Sunday, but he just ________ he would have so little time to spare.A.hadn't known
B.wouldn't know
C.knew
D.didn't know 22.Those who were late for school this morning，down your names on the blackboard!A.write
B.wrote
C.are writing
D.will write
时态语态高考题 2007年高考
1.The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.（全国卷I）
A.sold
B.had been sold
C.were sold
D.would sell 2.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago.（全国卷I）
A.are going
B.had been
C.went
D.have been 3.-Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.-Oh, nothing much.In fact, I ____ of my friends back home.（全国卷II）A.have just thought B.was just thinking C.would just think D.will just be thinking 4.-Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?
-I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.（全国卷II）A.had to B.didn't C.was going to D.wouldn't 5.-Did you tidy your room?（上海卷）
-No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.A.had B.have C.have had
D.will have 6.With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.（上海卷）A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered 7.They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.（山东卷）
A．had got
B．got
C．have got
D．get 8.-Did Peter fix the computer himself?-He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers.（安徽卷）A.has it fixed
B.had fixed it
C.had it fixed
D.fixed it 9.They became friends again that day.Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years.（安徽卷）
A.didn't speak
B.hadn't spoken
C.haven' t spoken D.haven' t been speaking 10.-How can I apply for an online course?
-Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.（北京卷）A.see
B.are seeing
C.have seen
D.will see 11.I got caught in the rain and my suit____.（北京卷）
A.has ruined
B.had ruined
C.has been ruined
D.had been ruined 12.-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.-Oh, don't mention it.I _____past your house anyway.（北京卷）
A.was coming
B.will come
C.had come
D.have come 13.-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.（福建卷）-Impossible.She
TV with me in my home then.A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14.Danny
hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.（福建卷）A.works
B.is working
C.has worked
D.worked 15.As the years passed, many occasions-birthdays, awards, graduations-________ with Dad's flowers.（湖南卷）
A.are marked
B.were marked
C.have marked
D.had marked
16.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year.（湖南卷）
A.studies
B.studied
C.is studying
D.has been studying 17.At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.（江苏卷）A.has been reached B.had been reached
C.has reached
D.had reached 18.-______ you ______ him around the museum yet?（江苏卷）-Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have … shown
B.Do … show C.Had … shown
D.Did … show 19.-Ouch!You hurt me!
-I am sorry.But I
any harm.I
to drive a rat out.（江西卷）A.didn't mean;tried
B.don't mean;am trying C.haven't meant;tried
D.didn't mean;was trying 20.-I have got a headache.-No wonder.You
in front of that computer too long.（江西卷）
A.work
B.are working
C.have been working
D.worked 21.I
there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.（陕西卷）A.would be B.have been C.had been D.will be 22.The unemployment rate in this district
from 6% to 5% in the past two years.（上海春）A．has fallen B．had fallen
C．is fall in
D．was falling 23.John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it
seriously.（上海春）A．damaged B．was being damaged
C．had damaged D．had been damaged 24.When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________.（四川卷）A．have marked
B.have been marked
C．had marked
D．had been marked 25.-Did you see a man in black pass by just now?
-No, sir.I ________ a newspaper.（四川卷）
A.read
B.was reading
C.would read
D.am reading 26.If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology.（天津卷）
A.had discovered
B.had been discovered
C.has discovered
D.has been discovered 27.-Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.（浙江卷）-________? That's his third one in just one month.A.Had he
B.Did he
C.Does he
D.Has he
28.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.（浙江卷）
A.hasn't been decided
B.haven't decided
C.isn't being decided
D.aren't decided 29.The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre.（浙江卷）
A.have arrived
B.arrived
C.had arrived
D.arrive 30.-Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?-Yes, he did.He ________ his old friends for a long time.（重庆卷）
A.didn't see
B.wouldn't see
C.hasn't seen D.hadn't seen 31.Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.（重庆卷）
A.is said to be buying
B.is said to have bought
C..had said to buy
D.has said to have bought 32.-Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?-As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _______.（重庆卷）A.writes B.does writing
C.is writing
D.does write 33.When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone.Where______?（重庆卷）A.did you go
B.have you gone
C.were you
D.had you been 34.-Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
-Yes, I have.I guess it ______ now.（辽宁卷）
A.has graded
B.is graded
C.is being graded
D.is grading 35.-Has your father returned from Africa yet?-Yes, but he _____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.（辽宁卷）A.was
B.has been
C.will be
D.would be 2008年高考
1.-Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?（全国I卷）-Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.A.has joined B.joins
C.had joined
D.joined 2.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ______ to arrive.（全国I卷）A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects
D.will be expected 3.-----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?（安徽卷）
-----Yes, I did.You know, my brother ________ in the match.A.is playing
B.was playing
C.has played
D.had played 4.I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.（安徽卷）A.taught
B.have taught
C.are taught
D.have been taught 5.So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.（福建卷）A.saw
B.see
C.had seen
D.have seen 6.I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through.Her brother _____ on the phone all the time!（湖南卷）
A.was talking
B.has been talking
C.has talked
D.talked 7.Well, I'm thinking about the salary….（湖南卷）
A.offer
B.will offer
C.are offered
D.will be offered 8.-I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.-I think so.He ______ for it for months.（江苏卷）A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing 9.By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.（山东卷）A.walks
B.walked C.has walked D.had walked 10.I ______it to you this morning!（浙江卷）
A.would lend
B.was lending
C.had lent
D.lent 20.-What's that noise?（浙江卷）
-Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine ______ A.was tested
B.will be tested
C.is being tested
D.has been tested 21.-Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?-Who _______ it?（北京卷）
A.writes
B.has written
C.wrote
D.had written 22.The hotel wasn't particularly good.But I ____ in many worse hotels（北京卷）.A.was staying
B, stayed
C.would stay
D.had stayed 23.No decision
about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.（北京卷）
A.will be made
B.is made
C.is being made
D.has been made 24.He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.（天津卷）A.was playing
B.played
C.has played
D.had played 25.Judy is going to marry the sailor she __ in Rome last year.（重庆卷）A.meets
B.met
C.has met
D.would meet 26.He __ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.（重庆卷）
A.regarded
B.was regarded
C.has regarded
D.had been regarded 27.Teenagers __ their health because they play computer games too much.（重庆卷）A.have damaged
B.are damaging
C.damaged
D.will damage 28.Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?(上海卷)Terry? Never!She ___ tents and fresh air!A.has hated
B.hated
C.will hate
D.hates 29.In recent years many football clubs ___ as business to make a profit.(上海卷)A.have run
B.have been run C.had been run D.will run
参考答案
时态语态基础训练1 I.1.will never reach
2.missed
3.was;staring
4.asked
5.began
6.hadn't been invited
7.wrote
8.had seen
9.had hoped
10.was caught 11.didn't read
12.proved
13.had left
14.didn't realize
15.lose II.1.was holding
2.was starting
3.was waiting
4.was doing
5.had played;was going to do
6.will;see
7.were
8.will be
9.had been waiting
10.was asked 时态语态基础训练2 1-10 DBCCC CDCCB
11-20 AABCA DBCDC
时态语态强化训练
1-5 BCCDD
6-10 ABBDB
11-15 ACACA
16-21 DBBCD
21-22 DA
时态语态高考题 2007年高考
1-5 CCBCA 6-10 DBCBD 11-15 CADCB
16-20 DBADC 21-25CADBB 26-30 DBABD
31-35BBCCA 2008年高考题
1-5 DABDD
6-10 ACDCA
11-15 CDACA 26-29 BBDB
21-25CDABB 16-20 ABBDC
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