内部资料高考英语语法复习系列-动词时态、被动语态讲与练

第一篇：内部资料高考英语语法复习系列-动词时态、被动语态讲与练

一、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。If it rains tomorrow, I will not go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。

The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。

常见的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget, believe, trust, want, wish, refuse, like, hate, dislike, prefer, mind, hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而

一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。She was very clean.She is very clean and she has cleaned the room.2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，I have seen that film.我看过那部电影了

但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”, 表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.瞬间动词join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out 在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。(×)He has finished the work for three hours 他已完成工作三小时了。

1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.It has been raining for two days.五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。

He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。

They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。

I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。

He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。

He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。

At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。

We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)3.be doing(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.主动和被动

一、注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态

That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。The doctor has been sent for.已经派人请大夫去了。Time must be made good use of.时间一定要充分利用。The plan will be given up.那计划就要被放弃了。Bad habits have been done away with.坏习惯已经改掉了。

He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。

二、get + 过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化

She got married last week.她上周结婚了。

The patient got treated once a week.那位病菌人一周得到一次治疗。He fell off the car and got killed.他从车上摔下来，摔死了。

三、主动形式表被动意义 系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容词/名词构成系表结构。The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.表示开始、结束、运动的动词 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词

read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink

这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。

This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。The door won’t lock.这门锁不上。

Food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鲜。Your speech reads well.你的演说讲得好。

This material has worn thin.这个材料已经磨薄了。His book does not sell.他的书没有销路。Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔好写。This lock won’t catch.这锁锁不上。The match won’t catch.火柴擦不着。

The plan worked out wonderfully.这计划制定得很好。The recorder won’t play.这录音机不转。The engine won’t start.引擎发动不起来。This knife cuts well.这把刀子很快。The cloth washes well.这布很耐洗。少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。

The books are printing.这本书正在排印中。The neat is cooking.肉在煮。

5．介词in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，其意义相当于该名词相应的被动形式，名词前不用冠词。under control(受控制)

under treatment(在治疗中)

under repair(在修理中)under discussion(在讨论中)

under construction(在施工中)

beyond belief(令人难以置信)for sale(出售)

in print(在印刷中)

in sight(在视野范围内)on sale(出售)

on show(展出)

on trial(受审)

out of control(控制不了)

out of sight(超出视线之外)

out of one’s reach(够不着)

The building is under construction(is being constructed).The rumor is beyond belief(= can’t be believed).His honest character is above all praise.(= His honest character cannot be praised enough.)That house is for sale.(= That house is to be sold.)The book is not yet in print(= is not yet printed).Today some treasures are on show in the museum(= are being showed).The plane was out of control(can’t be controlled).He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.6． 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

第二篇：河南专升本考试英语语法系列复习专题——动词时态,被动语态

一、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。

2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：

I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不 大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。)2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry，finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式：

1.will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）

2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

3.be doing(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)

4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.时态考点分析

1．——Can I join your club,dad?

——You can when you______a bit older.A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize

B.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared 析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses? ——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。

6.——Do you know our town at all? ——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根据this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.A.just help out

B.have just helped out

C.am just helping out D.will just help out

析：根据I don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。

8.——Is this raincoat yours? ——No,mine______there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。

被动语态

一、被动语态的句型

1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分

例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”

被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).

3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike.2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主动表示被动的几种情况

1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词 是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词 有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。

三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：

1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。

2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。

3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。

被动语态考点分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。2.——Do you like the material?

——Yes,it______very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt 析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等 变化。

3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______.A.have been taken place…have been set up

B.have taken place…have been set up

C.have taken place…have set up

D.were taken place…were set up

析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。

5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked 析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。

6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.A.has broken into…has been stolen B.has broken into…had been stolen

C.has been broken into…stolen

D.had been broken into…stolen 析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept…will have to

B.are not kept…have to

C.do not keep…will have to

D.do not keep…have to

析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面 可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven’t been

C.was not D.will not be 析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。

12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?

——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasn’t…been given

析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。

13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said 析：It was said that…可以改为We heard it said that…(都表示“据说…”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。

动词时态、语态专练

1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out 2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read 5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party? A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited 6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White? ——He’s already been______.A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for 8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don’t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I’ve been told

B.I’ve told

C.I’m told

D.I told 13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said 15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?

——Oh,excellent.It’s worth______a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read 17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given

19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put

B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______? A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday? A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun

D.would get;began 27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied

D.should study 28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since? A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?

——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes

D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?

——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites 32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing

C.having written

D.to have written 33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want

B.don’t realize;wanted

C.haven’t realized;want

D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it

B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it

D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.A.didn’t

B.couldn’t

C.don’t

D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten

B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten 39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving 40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?

——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Don’t you meet him yet

B.Hadn’t you met him yet

C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.A.wasn’t

B.hadn’t been

C.wouldn’t be

D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her? A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy 44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read;was falling

B.was reading;fell

C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed

B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed

D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells 48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

动词时态、语态专练答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B

－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D 11

第三篇：高中英语语法精讲动词时态

高中英语语法精讲第一章动词时态

在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时

一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。A.一般现在时

1． 一般现在时的构成

一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。

They want good jobs.他们想要好的工作。

The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配。

This work does not satisfy me.这项工作我不满意。

Do you understand?

你懂了吗?

2．一般现在时的用法

①一般现在时的基本用法

a.表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态

He always takes a walk after supper.晚饭后他总是散散步。

Everyone is in high spirits now.现在大家都情绪高涨。

b.表示客观事实或普遍真理

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。

Sound travels faster through water than it does through air.声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。

Time and tide wait for no man.时间不等人。

c.表示主语的特征、能力和状态

This cloth feels soft.1

这布摸上去很软。

I love classical music.我喜欢古典音乐。

The President still seems able to find time to go fishing.看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。

d.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作

The meeting begins at 7:00.会议七点钟开始。

We leave here at 8:00 sharp.我们八点整离开这里。

e.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作

When you come next time, bring me some magazines.你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。

If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow.如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。

Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home.不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。

②一般现在时的特殊用法

a.用于新闻标题或图片说明中

China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful

中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功

Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow

劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科

b.用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中

Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.弗朗西斯穿过去，把球传给姚明，姚明跳起来，接住球投进篮里。

Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine.现在，看，我按下按扭，打开了这台机器。

c.表示告诫或劝说

You mind your own business.你不要管闲事！

If he does that again, he goes to prison.如果他再那样的话，他就会进监狱的。

d.表示现在瞬间的动作

Here comes the bus.汽车来了。

There goes the bell.铃响了。

B．一般过去时

1． 一般过去时的构成

一般过去时是用动词的过去式来表示。

His words fetched a laugh from all present.他的话使在场的人都笑了。

I did not sleep well last night.我昨晚没睡好。

Did you direct the tourist to the hotel?

你告诉这位游客去旅馆的路了吗？

2．一般过去时的用法

①一般过去时的基本用法

a.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态

He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。

The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.发动机因燃料用光而停机了。

注意：

在一般过去时的句子中，通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。

【误】I visited the Palace Museum.（在没有上下文的情况下，应避免这样说）

【正】I visited the Palace Museum last year.去年我参观过故宫博物院。

【正】I have visited the Palace Museum.我参观过故宫博物院。

b.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态

I wrote home once a week at college.我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。

He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。

提示：

表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去式外，还可以用used to或would来表示。

She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three.她上高三时经常学习到深夜。

He would sit for hours doing nothing.过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。

c.表示过去连续发生的一系列动作

She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。

The students got up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。

d.在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作

We would not leave until the teacher came back.老师回来我们才会离开。

She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。

②一般过去时的特殊用法

a.在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态

It's time we went.是我们该走的时候了。

I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年轻20岁。

I would rather you didn't do anything for the time being.我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。

b.在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。

I wondered if you could give me a hand.我想请你帮个忙。

Might I come and see you tonight?

我想今晚来看你，好吗？

3．一般现在时和一般过去时的比较

一般现在时要和现在时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”不相联系。

His father is a film director.他父亲是电影导演。（他现在还是）

His father was a film director.他父亲曾是电影导演。（他现在不是）

How do you like the novel?

你觉得这部小说怎么样？（还在看小说）

How did you like the novel?

你觉得这部小说怎么样？（已看完小说）

C．一般将来时

1． 一般将来时的构成

一般将来时是由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的。shall只限于第一人称，主要见于英国英语，现在的趋势是第一、二、三人称的单复数形式均用will表示。在口语中，shall和will常缩写成“'ll”，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not 和will not 常简略为shan't 和won't。

I'll go and shut the door.我去关门。

When will you know your exam results?

你什么时候能知道考试结果？

I can see you're busy, so I won't stay long.我看得出你很忙，所以我不会呆太久的。

提示：在you and I或both of us等短语后，只用will，不用shall。

You and I will arrive there next Monday.我和你下周一都要到达那里。

Both of us will graduate from middle school next year.我们俩明年中学毕业。

2．一般将来时的用法

①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态

I shall be free this afternoon.我今天下午有空。

There'll be no chemistry classes tomorrow.明天没有化学课。

They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.他们可能去上海度假。

注意：

在口语中，常用will / shall + be doing结构来代替will / shall + 动词原形，以表示生动。

I'll be seeing a friend off at the airport.我要去机场给一个朋友送行。

He'll be going with us tomorrow.他明天和我们一起去。

②表示将要反复发生的动作

My uncle will come to see me every Saturday.我叔叔每个星期六都会来看我。

The students will have five English classes per week this term.本学期学生们每周要上五节英语课。

③表示同意或答应做某事

That bag looks heavy.I'll help you with it.这个包看起来很重，我来帮你提。

I won't tell anyone what happened, I promise.我保证不告诉别人所发生的事。

④表示一种倾向或推测

Flowers will die without water.没有水花会枯死的。

Water will change into ice at 0℃.水在零摄氏度就会结冰。

This will be your sister, I guess.我猜想这是你姐姐。

3．一般将来时的常用结构

①用于“I expect, I'm sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句”中

Don't worry about the exam.I'm sure you'll pass.不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的。

I wonder what will happen.我不知道将会发生什么事。

I don't think the test will be very difficult.我想这次测验不会太难。

②用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中

Work hard and you will succeed.如果你努力，就会成功的。

Go at once and you will see her.马上去，你就会见到她了。

③与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用

I'll let you know as soon as he arrives.他一到我就通知你。

If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他，他会帮助你的。

We shall go unless it rains.除非下雨，否则我们是要去的。4．将来时间的其他表达法

①be going to + 动词原形

“be going to+ 动词原形”这一结构常用于口语中。

a.表示决定或打算要做某事

I'm going to buy a new coat this winter.今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。

Are you going to play basketball after class?

下课后你去打篮球吗？

He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.他长大后要当医生。

What are you going to do today?

今天你打算做什么？

b.表示有迹象即将要发生什么事

Look at those black clouds.It is going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。

The car is going to turn over.汽车要翻了！

There is going to be a snowstorm.将有一场暴风雪。

比较：

“be going to + 动词原形”与“will / shall + 动词原形”的区别

1．be going to通常表示很快就要发生的事，而will/shall既可表示不久的将来，也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。

She is going to get better.她的病要好了。（有恢复健康的迹象）

She will get better.她的病会好的。（认为最终会恢复健康的）

2．will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的； be going to则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。

—

George phoned while you were out.你外出的时候乔治打电话来的。

—

Ok.I'll phone him back.好的，我给他回电话。（临时决定）

—

Matthew phoned while you were out.你外出的时候马修打电话来了。

—

Yes, I know.I'm going to phone him back.是的，我知道了。我准备给他回电话。（早有安排）

但在正式文体中，要用will来表示事先安排的动作。

The meeting will begin at 10:00 a.m..会议将在10点开始。

Coffee will be served from 9:30 from today onwards.从今天起9:30开始供应咖啡。

3．表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，要用be going to，不用will或shall。

I feel terrible.I think I'm going to be sick.我觉得不舒服，我想我要生病了。

4．be going to 可用于条件句，表示将来时间，will则不能。

If you are going to attend the meeting, you'd better leave now.如果你要出席会议，你最好现在就动身。

②be + 动词的-ing形式

“be + 动词的-ing形式”表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get 以及eat, meet, see off, die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语，则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。

He is leaving for Xinjiang in a few days.他几天后要动身去新疆。

I am dining out tonight.今晚我将出去吃饭。

The plane is taking off soon.飞机马上就要起飞了。

The old man is dying.那位老人快要死了。

比较：

“be + 动词的-ing形式”和“be going to + 动词原形”的异同

1．表示按计划发生的动作时，两者可互换。

We are moving to a new flat tomorrow.我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。

We are going to move to a new flat tomorrow.我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。

2．表示由于客观因素而产生的将来动作或状态时，用be going to结构，不用be + 动词的-ing形式。

You are going to fall if you climb that tree.如果你爬树的话，你会摔下来的。（不可说 You are falling if...）

Be careful.You are going to break that chair.当心！你会把那张椅子弄坏的。（不可说 You are breaking that chair）

③ be + 动词不定式

这一结构中的be，只有现在式(am, is, are)和过去式(was, were)两种形式。

a.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作

The highway is to be open to traffic in May.这条公路将在五月份通车。

Am I to take over his work?

我是不是要接管他的工作？

b.用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作

If we are to take the 5:00 train, we must leave now.如果我们乘坐5点的火车的话，那我们现在就得出发。

c.表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不许”。

You are to be back before 10 p.m..你必须在10点前回来。

You are not to go out alone at night.晚上你不能单独出去。

比较：

“be + 动词不定式”与“be going to+ 动词原形”的区别

1．“be going to+ 动词原形”侧重说话人个人的意图和打算，“be + 动词不定式”侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事。

I'm going to try my best to write this article well.我将尽力把这篇文章写好。

Am I to wait here till their arrival?

我要在这儿一直等到他们抵达吗？

2．表示由于客观因素或不受人控制的将要发生的动作时，只用“be going to+ 动词原形”，不用“be + 动词不定式”。

It's going to rain.天要下雨了。（不说It's to rain.）

Rachel is going to faint.雷切尔要晕倒了。④ 一般现在时

一般现在时可以用来表示将来时间，主要用法有：

a.表示由于日历或时刻表的规定而固定不变的或比较不易变更的将来时间发生的动作。

Tomorrow is Friday.明天是星期五。

What time does the next train leave for Paris?

下一班开往巴黎的火车几点出发？

b.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时间的动作或状态。

I'll give the book to you after I finish it.我看完这本书就给你。

If he arrives, we must go and meet him at the railway station.如果他到了，我们就得到火车站去接他。

c.在hope, suppose等后面的宾语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来动作或状态。

I hope all is well with him.我希望他一切都好。

Suppse we go hiking tomorrow.我们明天还是去远足吧。

D．一般过去将来时

1．一般过去将来时的构成

一般过去将来时是由“should/would + 动词原形”构成的。

He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。

They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。

2．一般过去将来时的用法

一般过去将来时间的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作和状态。

a.一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中

He said they would arrange a party.他说他们将安排一个晚会。

I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.我问他是否来帮我修电视机。

b.一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态

If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。

I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。

3．过去将来时间其他表达法

a.was/were going to +动词原形

He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.他说他退休后要住在农村。

They thought it was going to rain.他们认为天要下雨了。

b.was/were +动词的-ing形式

Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.没人知道客人们是否要来。

I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes.我被告知火车几分钟后就要开了。

c.was/were +动词不定式

She said she was to clean the classroom after school.她说她放学后要打扫教室。

It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River.据报道长江上将要再建一座大桥。

提示：

“was/were going to +动词原形”或“was/were + 动词不定式完成式”可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。

Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。（没有去成）

I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before.我是打算帮忙演出的，但前天我感冒了。（没有帮上忙）

d.was/were about to do

“was/were about to do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。

I felt something terrible was about to happen.我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。

e.was/were on the point of doing

I'm glad you have come.I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now.很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。

提示：

“be about to do”和“be on the point of doing”结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连 用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。

I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.我正要动身天突然下雨了。

进行时

二、进行时

进行时表示动作正在进行，这个动作是暂时的，也是未完成的。进行时包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。A．现在进行时

1．现在进行时的构成

现在进行时是由“am, is, are +现在分词”构成的。

I'm reading the evening newspaper.我正在看晚报。

Now it isn't snowing outside.现在外面不在下雪。

Are they playing soccer in the playground?

他们正在操场上踢足球吗？

2．现在进行时的用法 ①现在进行时的基本用法

a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作

通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语（now, at this moment），或通过Look/Listen!这两个提示语来表明此时此刻动作正在进行。

She is making a fire now.她正在生火。

Listen!Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.听！玛丽正在教室里唱英文歌。

b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作

They are planting trees on the hill these days.这几天他们正在山上种树。

I don't really work here;I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我并不在这儿工作，我只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙罢了。

c.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作

能这样用的动词并不多，通常是arrive, begin, come, do, drive, fly, go, leave, stay等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。

Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days.12

几天后简和贝蒂将出去度假。

Where are you staying in Guangzhou?

你到广州后准备住在哪里？

②现在进行时的特殊用法

a.表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩

现在进行时往往与constantly, always, forever等状语连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。

She's constantly complaining.她不停地抱怨。

My brother is always leaving things about.我弟弟总是乱丢东西。

He is forever thinking of doing more for the students.他总是想着为学生多做些事情。

b.表示某一具体动作或心理状态的发展过程

The house is falling down.房子正在倒下。

The weather is changing for the better.天气慢慢转好了。

注意：

有时表示一个动作刚刚开始。

I'm forgetting my English.我的英语开始忘了。

Food is costing more.食品贵了起来。

c.强调动作的重复

The train is arriving late almost every day this summer.这个夏季火车几乎天天晚点。

Someone is knocking at the door.有人不断地在敲门。

The boy is jumping with joy.那男孩高兴地跳个不停。

d.表示两个动作是同一动作

He who helps others is helping himself.帮人就是帮自己。

If you insist on doing it, you are doing a foolish thing.如果你坚持做这件事，你就是在干傻事。

e.be动词的进行时态

be动词一般不用于进行时态。但有时可用“am, is, are + being +形容词”结构表示暂时或故意如此。

The boy is being naughty.这孩子有点儿淘气。

I don't think you are being fair.我认为你不公平。

He is being modest.他现在很谦虚。

比较：

You are not polite.你不讲礼貌。（一贯如此）

You are not being polite.你可有点儿不礼貌了。（暂时的现象）

3.不用进行时态的动词

①表示状态的动词

这类动词有seem, look, appear, have, belong to, own, hold等。

This backpack belongs to me.这背包是我的。

He seems rather angry with you.看起来他很生你的气。

②表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词

这类动词有know, remember, understand, see, think, believe, suppose, hope, doubt等。

I don't think he will come tomorrow.我想他明天不会来。

I still remember the days when we studied together.我还记得我们一起学习的那些日子。

提示：

有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程。

She's understanding you better now.她越来越了解你了。

③表示要求、心愿等意义的动词

这类动词有want, wish, need, desire等。

Your clothes need washing.你的衣服需要洗了。

How I wish I were a bird！

我多希望我是一只鸟啊！

④表示继续或持续含义的动词

这类动词有continue, keep, last, go on等。

She still continues in poor health.她仍然身体很差。

Every day after finishing his homework, he goes on to do some reading.他每天做完作业后，都会继续看会儿书。

⑤表示感觉的动词

这类动词有see, hear, smell, taste, feel等。

The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来不错。

This flower smells nice.这花闻上去很香。

Your suggestion sounds reasonable.你的建议听上去有道理。

注意：

如果这些动词表示一种有意识的行为，则可用进行时态。

She is tasting the apple.她正在尝苹果。

The dog is smelling the footprints.狗正在嗅脚印。

The bell is sounding for dinner.晚饭铃响了。

4．现在进行时和一般现在时的比较

①暂时性动作和经常性动作

The computer is working perfectly.计算机运转得很好。（暂时）

The computer works perfectly.计算机运转很好。（一直如此）

②持续性动作和短暂性动作

The bus is stopping.车停了下来。（渐渐地）

The bus stops.车停了。（迅速）

③暂时性动作和永久性动作

She is living in the country.她现在住在农村。（暂时）

She lives in the country.她住在农村。（永久）

④有感情色彩和没有感情色彩

He is doing well at school.他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）

He does well at school.他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）

B.过去进行时 1.过去进行时的构成

过去进行时是由“was / were +现在分词”构成的。

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。

Were you expecting him yesterday?

你昨天一直在等他吗？

They were not talking when I came in.我进来的时候他们没在说话。2.过去进行时的用法

①过去进行时的基本用法

a.表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生

I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上7点我正在吃晚饭。

She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper.她弹钢琴时我在看报。

提示：

当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时。

We listened closely while the teacher read the text.老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。

b.表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作

We were talking about you the whole morning.我们整个上午都在说你。

He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon.昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在看电视。

c.表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事

He told me that he was going soon.他告诉我他很快就要走了。

She said she was leaving for New York the next month.她说她下个月动身去纽约。

②过去进行时的特殊用法

a.表示故事发生的背景

It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.那支医疗小组往前线行进时天正下着雪。

Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.汤姆乘没人注意时溜进了房间。

b.表示一个新的动作刚刚开始

过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作，这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。

Five minutes later, he was standing at the door, smoking.5分钟后，他已站在门口抽着烟。

The baby was crying hard, and suddenly the crying stopped.这婴儿在大声啼哭，突然，哭声停止了。

c.用来陈述原因或用作借口

She went to the doctor yesterday.She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。

I haven't finished my homework because I was helping my mother at home all day yesterday.我作业没做完是因为我昨天一直帮妈妈在家干活。

d.与always, constantly等词连用，表示感情色彩

The girl was always changing her mind.这女孩老是改变主意。

In the past he was constantly asking me for money.过去他总是向我要钱。

3．过去进行时与一般过去时的区别

①一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。

She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚给朋友写了封信。（信写完了）

She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。（信不一定写完）

②一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。

She waved to me.她朝我挥了挥手。

She was waving to me.她不断地朝我挥手。

The boy jumped up and down.这男孩跳了一下。

The boy was jumping up and down.这男孩不停地跳着。

C.将来进行时

1．将来进行时的构成

将来进行时是由“shall/will + be +现在分词”构成的。

Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00.We'll be having classes then.8点到10点之间不要给我打电话，我们那时正在上课。

Will you be using your bicycle this evening?

今晚你用自行车吗？

She won't be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow.明天8点她不在开会。

2．将来进行时的用法

①将来进行时的基本用法

a.表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作

I'll be taking my holiday soon.我不久就去度假了。

They will be meeting us at the station.他们会在车站接我们的。

b.在口语中代替will/shall do

I hope you will be coming on time.我希望你按时来。

I'll be seeing Mr.Smith tomorrow.我明天将见到史密斯先生。

The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.部长将就国际事务发表演讲。

②将来进行时的特殊用法

a.表示原因、结果或猜测

Please come tomorrow afternoon.Tomorrow morning I'll be having a meeting.请你明天下午来吧。我明天上午有个会。（表原因）

Stop the child or he will be falling over.抓住那个孩子，要不他会掉下去的。（表结果）

You will be making a mistake.你会出错的。（表推测）

b.用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌

Will you be reading anything else?

你还要看点儿什么吗？

When shall we be meeting again?

我们什么时候再见面？

c.表示稍后一点儿的安排

The students aer studying Unit 3 this week, and next week we'll be studying Unit 4.这星期我们学第三单元，下周我们将学第四单元。

My duties will end in July and I will be returning to Shanghai.我的任务在7月结束，之后我会回上海。

完成时

三、完成时

完成时是用来表示动作的完成与未完成的情况。完成时包括现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。

A．现在完成时

1．现在完成时的构成

现在完成时的构成形式是“have / has +过去分词”。现在完成时常被称为“与现在有联系的过去”，因此它不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。

Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。

I haven't seen much of her lately.我最近不常见到她。

How long have they been married?

他们结婚多长时间了？ 2．现在完成时的用法

①表示结果的现在完成时

现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成，并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。

I have bought a pen.我买了一支笔。（结果：I have a pen now.）

The temperature has increased by 10℃.19

温度上升了10摄氏度。（结果：It is quite hot now.）

Air pollution has taken the lives of many people.空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。（结果：Air pollution is very serious now.）

注意：

现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。

【误】I have bought a pen but I have lost it now.（have bought表示你现在已经有笔了，这和后面的have lost有矛盾）

【正】I bought a pen but I have lost it now.我（过去）买了一支笔，但我已经把它丢了。

【误】I have lost my pen but I have found it now.（have lost强调你现在已经没有笔了，与后面have found的意思有冲突）

【正】I lost my pen but I have found it now.我丢了一支笔，但现在已经找到了。

②表示经历的现在完成时

强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。

Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

你去过长城吗？

I have visited Beijing at least ten times.北京我至少访问过十次了。

She has never spent a holiday at the seaside.她从未到海滨度过假。

③表示延续的现在完成时

这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法，表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能要继续下去。

He's loved fishing for a long time.他爱好钓鱼为时已久。（他现在仍爱好钓鱼）

I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在这儿住了三十多年了。（也许还会继续住下去）

注意：

现在完成时的“未完成”用法既可用于动态动词（主要是持续动词），也可用于状态动词，但它一般不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词，如：open, break, go, come, arrive, leave等。如用这类动词表示“未完成”，通常只限于否定结构。

I haven't seen a film for weeks.我已经好几个星期没看电影了。

She hasn't written to me since September.自从9月份以来她还没给我写过信呢。

3．现在完成时的时间状语

①与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语

现在完成时表示的动作或状态发生在现在时间以前的某个未明确指出的过去时间内，和它连用的时间状语要与现在时间有关，不能是明确地表示过去的时间状语。

a.不确定的过去时间状语：already, yet, before, recently, lately等

I've seen the film before.我以前看过这部电影。

Have you been there lately?

近来你去过那里吗?

b.频度时间状语：often, sometimes, ever, never, once, rarely等

We have never heard of that.我们从未听说过这事。

He has sometimes played tennis.他有时打网球。

Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.大本钟很少出差错。

c.包含现在时间在内的时间状语：now, just, today, this morning, this week, this year等

I have just finished the letter now.我现在刚写完信。

You have just missed the bus.你刚好错过公共汽车。

Has he done much work today?

他今天做了很多工作吗？

比较：already和yet用法上的区别

already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，置于句末。但already有时也可用在疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。

She has already gone.她早就走了。

Have you eaten your dinner already?

你已经吃过饭了?

He has not come yet.他还没有来。

②与现在完成时“未完成”用法连用的时间状语

与“已完成”用法一样，表示具体的过去的时间状语不能与“未完成”用法连用。与其连 用的往往是指一段时间的状语以具体表示某一动作或状态持续了多久。

a.since +具体时间，表示动作或状态从何时开始

Since then, he has developed another bad habit.自那以后他养成了另一个坏习惯。

He hasn't been home since he graduated.他毕业后就没回过家。

b.for +一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久

We have worked here for ages.我们在这里工作很久了。

There has been no rain here for nearly two months.这里已经近两个月没有下雨了。

c.until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment

到目前为止

I have not seen him so far.到目前为止我没见过他。

Up to the present, everything has been OK.到目前为止一切正常。

d.in/during the past/last five years

在刚刚过去的5年里

He has been away from school during the last few weeks.过去的几个星期里他没在学校。

In the past few years they have dealt with quite a few international corporations successfully.在过去的几年中他们已经和好几家跨国公司做成了生意。

e.all the while, all day一直，一整天

She has been busy all day.她忙了一整天。

4．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

①两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事实。

He locked the door.他锁过门。（但现在门是开是锁不清楚。）

He has locked the door.他把门锁上了。（现在门是锁着的。）

Who turned on the light?

谁开的灯？（着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。）

Who has turned on the light?

谁把灯打开了？（着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。）

②两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。

He has lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿）

He lived in Beijing for four years.他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）

B．过去完成时

过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。

1．过去完成时的构成

过去完成时是由“had+过去分词”构成的。

Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。

The man sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous.He had not flown before.飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张，他以前从没乘过飞机。

Had he gone home when you arrived?你到的时候他已经回家了吗？

2．过去完成时的用法

①“已完成”用法

表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。

By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。

He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。

They came earlier than we had expected.他们到得比我们预料的要早。

I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。

It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months.旱了好几个月之后，昨天下雨了。

注意：

在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

The train(had)started before I reached the station.在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。

After he(had)arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。

②“未完成”用法

表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能再持续下去。

Up to that time all had gone well.直到那时一切都很顺利。

John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。

She said she had made much progress since she came here.她说自从她到这儿后已取得了很大的进步。

③“想象性”用法

过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish, as if引导的从句中。

If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded.要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。（事实上她没努力，也没成功。）

I wish I had gone with you to the concert.我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。

The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years.那两个陌生人交谈起来就像是多年的老朋友。

④表示“刚刚……就……”

过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely...when..., no sooner...than...等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。

Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。提示：

intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。

I had meant to come, but something happened.我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。

I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.我本打算去看你的，但没能去成。

They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time.他们原想帮忙的，但没能及时赶到这里。3．过去完成时与一般过去时的比较

一般过去时表示过去时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它表示的是“比过去更过去”。

I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。

He didn't know a thing about the verb, for he had not studied his lessons.他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。

I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站等了20分钟车才来。

C．将来完成时

1．将来完成时的构成

将来完成时的构成是由“shall/ will + have +过去分词”构成的。

Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。

He is somebody now.He will not have remembered his old classmates.他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。

Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month?到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？

2.将来完成时的用法

①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。

We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。

By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。

Will you soon have finished laying the table?

你会很快摆放好餐桌吗？

注意：

在时间状语从句中，不用将来完成时，要用现在完成时来代替。

When I have finished that, I shall have done all I am supposed to do.等我做完这件事时，我就做完我该做的所有的事了。

Please don't get off the bus until it has stopped.请待车停稳了再下车。

②表示推测

You will have heard of this, I guess.我想你已经听说过这件事了。

I am sure he will have got the information.我相信他一定得到了这个信息。

四、完成进行时

完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，包括现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。

A.现在完成进行时

1．现在完成进行时的构成

现在完成进行时是由“have/has been +现在分词”构成的。

He is ill.He's been lying in bed for three weeks.他病了，已经卧床3个星期了。

Your eyes are red.Have you been crying?

你眼睛红了。你刚刚哭过了吗？

What have you been doing all this time?

这半天你干什么来着？

2.现在完成进行时的用法

①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在

现在完成进行时常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。

I have been reading Hemingway's Farewell to Arms recently.我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。

She has been reciting the words all the morning.她整个上午都在背单词。

This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。

②表示动作刚刚结束

My clothes are all wet.I've been working in the rain.我的衣服全湿了，我刚才一直在雨中干活。

He is dead drunk.He's been drinking with his friends.他烂醉如泥，他刚才一直在和朋友们喝酒。

③表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作

You've been saying that for five years.这话你已经说了五年了。

He has been writing articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher.自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊杂志撰稿。

④表达较重的感情色彩

What have you been doing to my dictionary?

看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了！

Time has been flying so quickly!

时间过得可真快啊！

Too much has been happening today.今天可真是个多事的日子。

3.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较

①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。

Have you been meeting him recently?

你最近常和他见面吗？

Have you met him recently?

你最近见到过他吗？

②现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。

I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）

I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）

③现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。

Who has been eating the oranges?

谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）

Who has eaten the oranges?

谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）

B.过去完成进行时

1.过去完成进行时的构成

过去完成进行时是由“had been +现在分词”构成。

She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

Had they been expecting the news for some time?

他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？

Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。

2.过去完成进行时的用法

①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作 过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。

I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这东西我找了好多天才找着的。

They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他们只等了一会儿车就来了。

②表示反复的动作

He had been mentioning your name to me.他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。

You had been giving me everything.你对我真是有求必应。

③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中（详见第12章）

The doctor asked what he had been eating.医生问他吃了什么。

I asked where they had been staying all those days.我问他们那些天是待在哪儿的。

④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句

I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。

She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。

3．过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较

She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。（强调结果）

She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。（强调动作一直在进行）

第四篇：语法系列复习专题-----动词时态,被动语态

语法系列复习专题-----动词时态，被动语态 一、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。

2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：

I´ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won´t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget，believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for„”, “since„”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It´s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It´s„这样的一般现在时。)

2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

3.be doing(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.时态考点分析

1．——Can I join your club,dad?

——You can when you______a bit older.(NMET)

A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.(NMET)A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared

析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses?

——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.(NMET)

A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.(NMET)A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。

6.——Do you know our town at all?

——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根据this/it is the first/second/„time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.(NMET)A.just help out B.have just helped out C.am just helping out D.will just help out 析：根据I don´t really work here.以及„until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。8.——Is this raincoat yours?

——No, mine______ there behind the door.(NMET)A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung

析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。

被动语态

一、被动语态的句型

1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分 例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”

3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike.被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主动表示被动的几种情况

1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won´t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。

三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：

1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。

2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。

3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。

被动语态考点分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.(NMET)

A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed

析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。

2.——Do you like the material?

——Yes,it______very soft.(NMET)

A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt

析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来„”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。

3．Great changes______ in the city, and a lot of factories______.(NMET)A.have been taken place„have been set up B.have taken place„have been set up C.have taken place„have set up D.were taken place„were set up

析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.(NMET)A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。5.I don´t know the restaurant,but it´s______to be quite a good one.(NMET)A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked

析：根据“某人/某物据说„”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said„”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)A.has broken into„has been stolen B.has broken into„had been stolen C.has been broken into„stolen D.had been broken into„stolen 析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.(NMET)

A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of„是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。

8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.(NMET)

A.are not kept„will have to B.are not kept„have to C.do not keep„will have to D.do not keep„have to

析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)

A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。

10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被„”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven´t been C.was not D.will not be

析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn´t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?

——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is„being given B.Was„given C.Has„been given D.Hasn´t„been given 析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said

析：It was said that„可以改为We heard it said that„(都表示“据说„”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。

动词时态、语态专练

1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out

2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read

5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?

A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited

6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET)A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White?

——He´s already been______.(NMET)

A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for

8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided

10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don´t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I´ve been told B.I´ve told C.I´m told D.I told

13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(NMET)A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said

15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?

——Oh,excellent.It´s worth______a second time.(NMET)A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read

17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(NMET)A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(NMET)A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given 19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put

C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______?

A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday?

A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book____on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun D.would get;began

27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied D.should study

28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since?

A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?

——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?

——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites

32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing C.having written D.to have written

33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want B.don’t realize;wanted C.haven’t realized;want D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.(NMET)

A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten

39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving(NMET)

40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?

——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET)A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(NMET)

A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her?(NEMT)

A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET)

A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy

44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET)A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell

45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells

48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(NMET)

A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.(NMET)

A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

动词时态、语态专练答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 11－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A

21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D

41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B

第五篇：2011年高考英语语法专题讲练测-动词和动词词组

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2011届高考英语专题讲练测讲义集：（教师版）专题3 动

词和动词词组

一、【专项直击】 【考情分析】

动词是英语词汇中的核心，而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点。它的用法最灵活，其种类比较多，形式复杂。每年高考中对动词短语和动词的考查都会出现2～4道试题，难度也比较大。预测今后高考中特别要注意动词及其和介词、副词的搭配，以及构成的固定短语，要注意这些短语的意思，同时要在具体的语境中灵活地加以使用。【知识要点】

动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词之一，在历年高考题中所占比例也最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。要求考生构建以下比较完整的知识网络。I.动词的分类

根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类： 1.行为动词（实义动词）①及物动词：带宾语的动词 ②不及物动词：不带宾语的动词 注意：英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的，有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。

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Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物）注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开

She turned off all the lights which had been left on.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.她送掉了它们。

③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。

④不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异。break out发生，爆炸

carry out进行，开展

go out熄灭

break down出毛病hand out分发

let out放出

look out当心

sell out卖完 set out出发

take out取出

work out算出

come down落下来

get down下车

take down取下

write down写下 2.动词+介词(及物)I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。

注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。look after照料，look at看，look for寻找 3.动词+副词+介词

I look forward to seeing you soon.我盼望不久就见到你。

注意：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。

In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after.(不能漏掉after)这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。III.动词及短语动词词义辨析

动词及短语动词是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空等题型中，动词及短语动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词及短语动词辨义主要指： 1.形似动词及短语动词之间的辨析； 2.意似动词及短语动词之间的辨析；

3.动词及短语动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词和短语之间的辨析； 4.意义不同，但容易混淆的动词及短语动词的辨析。5.某些常用动词及短语动词习惯用法的辨析。

动词及短语动词词义辨析要靠考生的日积月累，考生才能在高考中应付自如。IV.动词和短语动词的常见辨析方法

（一）从语法搭配、习惯用法上进行辨析 1.宾语不同，意义也不同

go on doing（继续干同一件事）

go on to do（接着去干另一件事）regret doing（后悔干了某事）

regret to do（相当于be sorry to do）forget doing（忘记已做过的事）

forget to do（忘记要去干的事）remember doing（记得已做过的事）

remember to do（记住要去干的事）mean doing（意味着干）

mean to do（想干…）try doing（尝试做）

try to do（设法做）

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consider doing（考虑去做）

consider to be/have done（认为是/认为已经做了）

2.接宾语或宾补（主补），形式有不同

某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补（主

补）时，宾补（主补）要用不定式。

We forbid smoking here.（宾语，用动名词）

We forbid you to smoke here.（宾补，用动词不定式）You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补，用动词不定式）3.宾语形式不同，意义相同

有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式（要用被动形式），可接动名词（要用主动形式表 被动意义），两种形式意义相同。

The room requires to be cleaned.=The room requires cleaning 4.主动形式表示“被动”意义的动词

有些动词sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook等，它们的主语是事物，且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态，与行为方式状语连用时，要用主动形式表被动意义： My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。

5.意义上基本相同，但是在用法上﹑习惯搭配上有不同之处的词

buy/cost/pay/spend/take都可以指花钱买东西；spend/take都可指花时间；但是它们在用法、习惯搭配上 有较大的区别。

The watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs.He spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/(in)buying the watch.It took him thirty six thousand francs to buy the watch.He paid thirty-six thousand francs for the watch.He bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs.以上句子所表达的意思基本相同：他花了36，000法郎买了这只手表。

（二）从组成形式和它们的恰切含义上辨析

词汇间的微小差别对我们来说既是重点又是难点。要从词义的内涵和外延上进行辨析。1.以构成形式为突破口进行辨析

如有无介词for，意义不同：answer（回答）/answer for（对……负责、偿还）常见的还有：

search（对人、物或场所搜查）/search for（搜寻人、物或场所）

leave（离开某地）/leave for（去某地）

reach（到达；拿到）/reach for（伸手去拿）prepare（准备）/prepare for（为…作准备）

enter（进入）/enter for（报名参加）run（经营；跑）/run for（竞选）

stand（站；忍受）/stand for（代表）pay（付钱、债给某人）/pay for（付钱买某物）2.以意义为突破口进行辨析

①意义内涵不同型：几个词它们的内在含义不尽相同。defend, protect, guard 都与 “保护”有关。

defend 指采用办法消除存在的危险或击退正在进行的攻击。

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protect 指使用某种遮盖或外力，外物防御可能的伤害或毁坏。guard 指小心警惕，防止实际存在的或可能发生的危险。They raised a large army to defend the country.他们招募了一支庞大的军队来保卫这个国家的安全。The entrance to the palace were well guarded.进宫殿的入口处门卫把守得很严。Clothing is worn to protect us from cold.穿衣服是为了御寒。

②动作结果不同型：动作动词和结果动词: 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同，但用法不同，有的表示某个动作，而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果。advise（劝说）/persuade（劝服）

I advised him but I couldn’t persuade him.我劝过他，但未能劝服他。这类常见的动词还有：

look for（寻找）/find（找到）look（看）/see（看见）listen（听）/hear（听到）

try（试 图，不说明是否成功）/manage（设法，侧重做到）

③动作状态不同型：begin（开映：动作非延续性）/be on（开映：状态延续性）

The film began at 5 o’clock and has been on for half an hour.电影5点开映，已开映半小时了。

④客观主观不同型：receive（客观上：收到）/accept（主观上：受到）I received her present but I didn’t accept it.我收到了她的礼物，但没有接受。⑤直接间接不同型：hear（直接：听）/hear of（间接：听说）I heard him singing.我听到她在唱歌。

I have heard of him.我听说过他的有关情况。V.重点所要背诵的短语动词

根据笔者对2006-2009四年全国及各省市高考单项选择题中考查所涉及到的短语动词的统计（见文后的附录），我们建议考生2010复习迎接高考中重点所要背诵的短语动词如下（仅供参考）：

1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组

accuse…of…(=charge… with)控告/指控某人犯有……罪 add to 增添 add up 加起来

add up to 加起来达……,合计达…… adapt…to使……适应 adjust…to使……适应

agree with同意某人意见（接sb.或idea, view等）；适应；与……一致 agree to(one’s plan/ proposal)同意某人的计划或提议 answer for对……负责 apply for申请，请求 appeal for恳求，呼吁

attach…to…将……系在…..，使隶属/附属于……，将……缚在…… approve of赞成

apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉

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be absorbed in埋头于……，专心于……

be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于…… be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于……，迷恋…… be admitted to/into获准进入……，被……录取 be annoyed with sb.at/about sth 2.以break为中心的词组

break away from脱离，逃离，打破

break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解；vi.出故障，抛锚；衰弱 break in闯进，打断；使顺服

break into闯入；强行进入；突然开始 break out爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚 break off 打断，断绝，折断，突然终止 break through 突破，克服，挤过去

break up vt.开垦，破碎；解散，分解;vi.结束 3.以build为中心的词组

build on / upon 建立在…上，依赖，指望 build up 增加，增进，建成，振兴 4.以burst为中心的词组

burst forth 爆发，喷出，忽然出现 burst in 闯进，突然出现

burst into闯进，突然……起来，突然发出 burst into tears/laughter嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 burst out 迸发，爆发，突然发出，大声叫喊 burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 5.以 bring为中心的词组

bring about导致，引起，促使 bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复

bring down 使下降，浓缩，收缩，击落 bring forth开（花）,结（果），发表，提出 bring forward 提出

bring into action 使行动起来，使生效

bring into effect/practice 完成，实现，实施，bring out 拿出，公布，发表，出版，生产 bring through 治愈，使度过困难/危险时期 bring to mind 使想起，回忆起

bring up 抚养，养育，培养，使停止 6.以call为中心的词组 call at 访问（某地），停泊在

call away 叫走，把（注意力）转移开 call for 需要，要求，接（某人），call in 召集，收集，请入，引入 call off 取消，下令停止 call on 拜访（某人），号召 call out 大声喊，唤起

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call up 打电话给…;召集;使想起 7.以carry为中心的词组 carry about 随身携带

carry away 冲走，带走，冲昏某人头脑 carry back 拿回，运回，使想起

carry……into effect/practice 执行,实行,实现,完成 carry off 带走，夺去……的生命，获得（奖品）carry on 坚持，继续，进行

carry out 贯彻，执行，实施，完成 carry through 坚持到底，贯彻，完成 8.以catch为中心的词组

be caught doing被发现做某事 be caught in the rain淋雨 catch /take fire 着火

be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞 catch one’sword听懂某人的话 catch sight of发现，瞥见

catch sb’s attention引起某人注意 catch the point of 抓住…的要点 9.以clear为中心的词组 clear away 扫除，消除 clear off 清除，清理，（云雾）消散，（雨）停 clear out 清除，扫出

clear up（天）变晴；打扫，消除 10..以come为中心的词组 come aboutvi.发生，改变方向

come across偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付 come at达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击 come back回来；恢复，复原

come down倒下；降落；跌落；病倒 come into being发生，产生，出现，形成 come into power开始执政，当权，当选 come into effect/ force开始生效，开始实行 come into existence形成，产生，开始存在 come into fashion开始流行

come into operation开始运转，实施，生效 come into use开始使用，获得应用 come round/around 拜访，绕道

come to苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐，说到/提及到 come to an agreement 达成协议 come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to a decision 作出决定 come to an end终止，结束

come to a stop 结束，停止，停顿，嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

come to an understanding 取得谅解 when it comes to…就…而论，谈到

come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白 come to life 苏醒，栩栩如生

come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来 come to oneself苏醒

come true实现，成为现实；证实

come up走近；上楼；流行起来；发芽,上来；（问题）被提出；（风浪）猛烈起来 11.以compare为中心的词组

be compared to 被比作，与…相比 be compared with与…相比

beyond /without compare 无可比拟的,无法比较的 compare notes with和…交换意见/核对笔记 compare …to…把..比作，把…与…相比 compare …with…把…与…相比 12.以devote为中心的词组 be devoted to 贡献给，致力于 devote one’s attention to 专心于

devote oneself/one’s life to 献身于，致力于 devote to献身于，专心于 13.以divide为中心的词组 be divided by…被…除

be divided on…对于…有分歧

divide sth.among / between…在…之间分配 divide A from B 把A同B分开 divide…into… 把…分成

divide up 分割，瓜分，划分，分配 14.以die为中心的词组

die away渐熄(减弱,消失)侧重于减弱直至“消失”（尤其指声音，光，风）die down渐渐消失,平息（尤其指火势，大海，脾气）die of 死于（疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感等内因）die from 死于（灾害、事故等外因）die off死去

die out 灭绝，消失，熄灭 15.以do为中心的词组 do a good deed做一件好事 do the deed 付诸行动，生效

do away with去掉，废除；弄死；浪费 do /cause damage to 损害

do good to(=do sb.good)有益于 do harm to(=do sb.harm)有害于 do wrong to(=do sb.wrong)冤枉某人 do one’s best / utmost尽某人最大努力 do sb.a favor /do a favor for sb.帮助某人

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do up 捆，扎，系，扣，收拾，刷新 do with忍受，处理（对比：deal with）do without不需要…也行，不用 16.以 drive为中心的词组

drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走，驱赶 drive off 驱散

drive out 逐出，乘车出去

drive through 乘车穿过（街道等）drive sb.mad 使某人发疯 17.以fall为中心的词组

fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默 fall back撤退，后退

fall behind 落后，落伍，落在后面

fall down 倒下，落下，掉下，病倒，失败 fall in love with…爱上（某人）fall into a habit of 养成…习惯 fall off 掉下，衰退，减少

fall to pieces 破碎，崩溃，瓦解 fall into ruins 成为废墟 18.以fix为中心的词组

fix a date / time for…为……安排日期/时间 fix up 修理，安装，安排，建造，提供 fix on / upon 确定，决定

fix one’s eyes on/upon 注视，凝视

fix one’s attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在 19.以get为中心的词组

get about徘徊，走动，旅行；流传

get accustomed to习惯于，对……习以为常 get across度过，通过，横过；说服，使被理解 get ahead of胜过，超过

get along前进，进步；同意；离去，相处 get along with与……相处

get around 走动，传播，影响，说服 get away离开，逃脱，出发，开始度假 get back取回，回来；报复 get close to 接近，靠近

get down to认真对待，静下心来

get/catch/seize/take hold of获得，取得，抓住 get in touch with…与…取得联系 get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债 get off送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身 get over越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成 get rid of除去，去掉；免除，摆脱

get through拨通，到达，完成，通过；及格

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get together 积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见 20.以give为中心的词组

give away赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发 give back归还，反射

give forth发出，放出；发表 give in屈服，让步，投降 give off发出（烟，气味）

give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完 give rise to引起，导致；使~~发生 give up放弃；停止

give way to让步，退却；屈服于 given that…假定，给定，已知 21.以go为中心的词组 go about走来走去，（谣言等）流传 go across 度过，越过

go after 追逐，追求，跟随 go against 反对，不利于 go ahead 前进，进展，继续

go all about 鼓足干劲，全力以赴 go along with… 陪伴，和…一道走 go back to 追溯至 go bad 变坏，腐败 go beyond 超过，胜过 go by 经过，过去

go down 下降，沉没，垮台，（风等）平静 go for 支持，赞成，适用于，去（取，拿）go in for 喜欢,参加，赞成，从事, 为…而努力 go into 进入，参加，调查，从事，深入研究 go off 走开，爆炸 go on 继续，接下去

go on to do 接着做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）go on with…继续做，忍受

go out 出去，熄灭，离开，下台，退休 go over 温习，检查，越过

go through 审查，履行，通过，经历，忍受 go up 上升，上涨，攀登

go without 无需，没有…也行 go wrong 出故障，走错路 22.以hold为中心的词组

hold back 隐瞒，阻止，克制，扣留 hold to / by 坚持，固守

hold down 压制，压低，缩减 hold off 耽搁，不接近，离开

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hold out 伸出，提出，支持，主张 hold up 举起，竖起，支持，使停滞 hold with 和…意见一致，赞成 23.以keep为中心的词组

keep away(from)不接近，避开，远离 keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒 keep company with…和…结交 keep …from…阻止 keep in mind 记住

keep in touch with…与…保持联系/不断接触 keep off 不接近，远离

keep on doing 继续，不停地做 keep one’s balance 保持平衡 keep out 使…不入内

keep pace with…跟上，同…步调一致 keep up 继续，坚持，保持，维持

keep up with…赶上，跟上，与…并肩前进 keep watch 守望，值班，注意 24.以lay为中心的词组

lay aside 把..放在一边，抛弃，贮藏 lay down 放下，使躺下，放弃，牺牲 lay off（暂时）解雇，放弃，停止 lay out 花费，投资，不置，打昏 25.以leave为中心的词组 leave about乱放，乱丢

leave alone 听任，任其自然 leave…as it is.听其自然

leave behind 留下，忘记携带 leave for（离开某地）去某地

leave out 省去，遗漏，不把…计算在内 leave off 停止，脱去，戒除 leave office 离职，下台

leave over 留下，剩下，延期 leave room for 为…让出地方 leave school 毕业

leave sth, to / with sb把…交给/留给某人.leave sb, sth.把…交给/留给某人 leave word / a message 留言，留信 26.以look为中心的词组 look about四下环顾；查看 look after照顾，看管 look around东张西望

look back on / upon …回顾

look down on /upon俯视；轻视

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look forward to盼望，期待 look into窥视；调查；浏览 look on /upon旁观；面向

look on / upon …as…把…看作

look out向外看；注意；当心，提防 look over从上面看过去；检查，忽略

look through透过……看去；看穿；浏览，彻底调查 look to 面向，注意

look up 查阅，仰视，涨价 look up to仰望，尊敬 27.以make为中心的词组 be made from由……原料制成 be made(out)of由……材料制成 be made up of由……组成

make an appointment with sb.与…约定

make a difference 有差别，有关系，很重要 make a fool of愚弄，欺骗 make a point 阐述观点

make a point of doing强调；决心，坚持 make a will 立下遗嘱

make advantages/use of使用，利用 make believe假装

make certain / sure确信，把……弄清楚

make contact with 接通，与„„接触，与„„联系 make for去向，向„„前进；有利于 make oneself at home随便，别拘束

make oneself understood 让别人理解自己 make out填写；开支票；理解；辨认 make preparations for为…作准备

make the best/ most of尽量利用；极为重视

make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占…比例 make up to 接近，巴结；向„„求爱 make way for 为„„让路，让路于

make it 就这么定了，成功，达到某一特定目标, 赶到。28.以meet为中心的词组

meet the need/demand/requirement of满足…需要 meet with 偶然碰见，遭受，meet…by chance/accident偶然碰见 make ends meet 使收支相抵 29.以owe为中心的词组

owe … to…把…归功于，把…归因于，owe much to 多亏了，在很大程度上归功于 owe it to…that…归功于，幸亏

owe sb.sth.(=owe sth.to sb.)欠某人…

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30.以pass为中心的词组 pass away 去世，（时间）过去 pass by 经过，（时间）过去 pass on/upon 传递，通过

pass out of one’s mind 被人忘掉 pass over 忽视，置之不理

pass through 经历，经过，贯穿 31.以pick为中心的词组 pick one’s words精选用词 pick out 挑出，辨别出

pick up 接(某人),接收，获得，搭载，收拾，恢复，爬起，捡起，学会，认识 pick up with…结识，与…交朋友 32.以put为中心的词组

put aside 把„„放在一边；搁置；排除

put away 把„„放好，把„„收拾；储藏； put back 把„„放回原处；拨回

put down 放下；镇压；记下；削减；降落 put an end to 结束，终止，废除

put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，put in 驶入，进入

put…(down)in writing 把…写下来

put „„ into把„„放入；插入；翻译成 put…into use应用

put…into practice把…付诸于实践

put…into action把…付诸于实践，实施，使生效 put…into effect把..付诸于实践，实施，使生效 put…into operation 将…投入生产，实施，开动 put…into production将…投产，开始生产 put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下 put on上演,穿上,戴上,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐 put one’s heart into 全神贯注，专心致志 put out 熄灭，伸出，拿出，制造，刺杀 put through 完成，（电话用语）拨通，使穿过 put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列 put up with 忍受，容忍 33.以refer 为中心的词组

refer to 指，提及，参考，查阅

be referred to 和…有关,归功于,被提交…处理 refer oneself to…依赖，求助于

refer to…as…把…称做，认为…是… 34.以see为中心的词组 see after 照料，照顾 see into 识透，调查

see out 送某人到门口/屋外，嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

see off送行

see through 看透，识破，支持（某人）到底 see to 照顾，处理，注意

see to it that…照料，努力使，注意把 seeing that…因为，鉴于，既然 35.以send为中心的词组

send away 解雇，赶走，把…送往远处

send down 把…向下发送,开除,降低（价格，温度）send for 派人去叫/请/拿

send off 发出，寄出，解雇，送别

send out 发出，散发，长出（树叶等）send up 发射，使上升，向上传递 send word 通知，转告，捎信 36以set为中心的词组 be set in 以……为背景

set about（doing）着手，开始

set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样

set aside 取消，放在一边，放弃，忽视，拒绝 set back 把（钟表）往回拨

set down 放下，卸下，登记，记载 set fire to(= set…on fire)放火烧毁 set free 释放（某人）

set off vi.出发 vt.使爆炸，拨出（钱等）set out vi.出发 vt.开始，着手(to do)，布置 set up 建立，设立，开办，引起（疾病等）37.以take为中心的词组

take a chance / an opportunity碰运气,抓机会 take a seat就坐

take a shower淋浴，洗澡

take advantage of 利用，乘…之便 take after 仿效，与…相似，长得像 take aim瞄准，设立目标 take away拿走，减去；夺去 take back收回，取消

take ……by surprise出奇制胜,突袭 take sb.by surprise 使惊讶

take care to do 务必做，留心做 take ……for/as…把„„当作 take charge of负责，主管

take down 取下，记下，占领，拆毁，病倒 take effect 生效，起作用 take … for example 以…为例

take … for granted 认为…理所当然

take in 吸收，接纳，欺骗，轻信，领会

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take…into account / consideration 考虑，重视 take it / things easy 别紧张，从容 take measures / steps 采取措施

take off vt.脱去,除去；vi.起飞,起程,成功,成名 take office就职，上任

take on 呈现，雇佣，承担，担任 take one’s place就坐，入坐，代替 take one’s time（to do）慢慢做

take out 拿出，取出，去除，取得（专利权）take over 接管，接任，接收 take possession of 占有，拥有 take the place of代替

take the shape of 呈/取……的形状 take the size of 量…的尺寸

take pride in以„„为荣，对„„骄傲

take…seriously/calmly严肃认真/冷静从容地对待 take sb.by the arm拉某人的胳膊 take sb.in one’s arms 拥抱某人 take turns(to do)轮流做 take up for 袒护

take up with 致力于，忍受，对…发生兴趣 38.以think为中心的词组 think about 考虑 think aloud 自言自语

think highly / well/much/a lot of对…评价很高 think little/ill/nothing of 轻视，看不起 think of 想，想着，想做 think of …as…把…看作 think out 仔细考虑，想通 think over仔细考虑 think through想通

think to oneself 沉思，暗自想 think up 想出，想通，想起 39.以turn为中心的词组

turn away把……打发走,解雇,转脸不采,使转变方向 take one’s turn to do轮到做

turn a blind eye to对……视而不见 turn a deaf to对……充耳不闻 turn against背叛，采取敌对态度 turn back 折回，往回走

turn down 折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑 turn into 走进；变成，变为 watch over 查看，监视，看守 watch one’s weight 留心体重

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watch one’s step 当心，留心

二、【思维导航】

做题时还要注意以下解题技巧：

动词是高考的一个重点，除了时态和语态外，动词（尤其是常用动词）和动词词组也是高考必考考点，因此大家平时应十分关注动词和动词词组。其考点主要涉及到以下几个方面: 1.动词的词义。考查动词词义辨析是该考点出现的基本形式。

2.动词搭配。有时只从句子的内容来看，几个选项似乎都合适，但只要从词的搭配上一看便知道答案。

3.动词短语。很多动词与介词或副词连在一起构成固定的搭配从而形成动词短语或短语动词，不能随意更改。

一定语境中动词的选择、一定语境中动词的选择包括两类： 一类是给出语境，让考生选择符合这个语境的动词。近三年全国各地区高考通过设置情境考查动词的题目多达48道。另一类是一定语境中易混动词的辨析。近三年全国各地区高考较侧重考查易混动词的辨析。

【例题1】I

him some money and I have to pay him back tomorrow． A．earn

B．make

C．owe

D．borrow 【解题指导】一定要结合语境，抓住句中的关键词，准确判断句意。切不可只根据搭配，这样可能会作出错误的选择。

【解析】C。四个选项都可以与money构成搭配，但只有一个符合句意。结合后半句“I have to pay him back tomorrow”可以推断出”我欠他钱”，故答案为C。

【例题2】When they heard the good news，all of the people in the city held a great party to

victory．

A.celebrate

B．congratulate ．C．memorize D．receive 【解题指导】解题的关键是抓住句中的关键词victory。

【解析】A。句意：听到这个好消息，这个城市的所有人都举行晚会来庆祝胜利。celebrate和congratulate都有”庆祝，祝贺”的意思，但celebrate后接事情，如节日、胜利以及其他一些令人高兴的事情，而congratulate后接人，常常构成congratulatesb．on sth．，本句的宾语是victory，因此用celebrate，故答案为A。

动词短语辨析近三年全国各地区高考考查这些短语动词的题目多达24道。

【例题3】Never

，or you will leave something unfinished and feel sorry for it． A．give away

B．give out

C．give in

D．give up 【解题指导】一些搭配能力很强的词，如look，give，turn，go，come，take等与副词／介词in，into，out，away，off，on等构成的短语也是高考考查的重中之重。注意掌握同一个动词与不同介词或副词的搭配的用法。

【解析】D。根据后半句“不然你会半途而废，并会因此而后悔”可以推知，前半句的意思是劝说听话人不要”放弃”，故答案为D。give away”泄露，赠送”；give out”放出(热、光等)，发出”；give in”屈服”，均不符合句意。

【例题4】The plan

just because people were unwilling to cooperate． A．put down

B．pulled down C．turned down

D．broke down 【解题指导】注意掌握同一个介词或副词与不同动词的搭配的用法。

【解析】D。句意：就因为人们不愿合作。这个计划失败了。break down“失败”，符合句意。put down“记下”，pull down“拆毁”，turn down“(音量)关小，拒绝”。

【例题5】Doing science exercises often

most of the students’spare time．

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A．brings up

B．takes up

C．break out D．give out 【解题指导】注意掌握四个选项中的动词各不相同，但有两个介词或副词相同的搭配的用法。【解析】B。take up”占用(时间或空间)”，符合句意。bring up”抚养”；breakout”爆发”；give out”放出(热、光等)，发出”。

三、【考点在线】

考点

一、考查动词词义辨析

这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。

例Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.A.hired

B.dismissed C.refused

D.employed 【解析】四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in economy可知，只有B项符合题意。

考点

二、考查近义动词辨析

这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。

例When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。A.injured

B damaged C.harmed

D.destroyed 【解析】 这四个动词都有“伤害，损害”之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”；damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意；harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便；destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看，答案为A。考点

三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配

英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。

例 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.A.bought

B.come C.thrown

D.appeared 【解析】 题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将„„曝光”是come to light，故答案为B。

考点

四、考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配

英语中有些动词后跟宾补时，有其固定搭配，如let/have/make sb.do sth.，get/force sb.to do sth.，allow/permit/forbid sb.to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构，找到作宾补的不定式，然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to，最后确定该用什么动词。

例The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home.Love, Joey.” A.advising

B.suggesting C.letting

D.making 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式，作everyone的宾语补足语，由此可排除A项；suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补，更不用说无to的不定式，由此排除B项；let作为使役动词时，无进行时态，也排除；只有make后面是跟无to的不定式作宾补的，所以答案为D。考点

五、考查系动词

动词作系动词用时，后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动

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语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。例The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains _______.A.seen

B.to be seen C.seeing

D.to see 【解析】 题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察。”由题意可知，remain在此是用作系动词，且see这一动作还没有发生，答案锁定在B和D中间；the effect和see之间是被动关系，所以答案为B。

【备考提示】1.全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识｡高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功｡ 2．着重训练在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力｡近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查｡ 考点

六、考查同根动词短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。

例How I wish that I could _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.A.set out

B.set off C.set in

D.set up 【解析】分析题意为“我多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊”。由题意可知，空缺处应该是“表达；解释”之意，而四个选项中只有set out有此意，故答案为A。

考点

七、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。

例When I was twenty, I had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family.A.drop out

B.come out C.leave out

D.stay out 【解析】分析题意为“在20岁时，我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。”从题意可知，空缺处应该是“辍学”之意，四个选项中，只有A项的drop out有此意，故答案为A。

例Take care during the holidays!Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A.contribute to

B.relate to C.attend to

D.devote to 【解析】分析题意为“节日期间要当心！喝酒太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。”由题意可知，空缺处应该是“导致”之意，四个选项中，只有A项contribute to有此意，故答案为A。考点

八、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。

例The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

A.give out

B.take in C.show off

D.carry on 【解析】分析题意为“当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。”由题意可知，空缺处应该是“炫耀；展示”之意，故答案为C。考点

九、考查“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词，但副词相同、介词不同的动词短语；要么是四个动词相同、副词相同、介词不同的动词短语。解答这类试题时，弄清题意诚然重要，但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to，切忌想当然。例—Do you know the plan his daughter will _______ spread a lot? —Really? I don’t know it yet.A.get down to

B.come up to C.live up to

D.look up to 【解析】分析题意为“你知道他女儿将要着手做的那个计划已经传开了吗？”“真的？我还不知道。”四个选项中，get down to，“着手做”；come up to，“不亚于；相等”；live up to，“不辜负；达到高标准”；look up to，“尊敬”。由此可知，只有A项符合题意。句中的his daughter will get down to是定语从句，修饰先行词the plan。例 “I can’t _______ your rudeness any more，leave the room，”shouted Mary.（2009武汉调研）

A.put up to

B.put up from C.put up into

D.put up with 【解析】分析题意为“‘我再也不能忍受你的粗鲁了，滚出去’，玛丽大声喊道。”从题意可知，空缺处应该是“忍受”之意，四个选项中，只有D项中的put up with有此意，故选D。【备考提示】1.全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识｡高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功｡ 2．着重训练在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力｡近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查｡

四、【易错点睛】

易错角度 考查特定语境中常用动词的基本用法和意义；常见近义词的辩异，拼写相似动词的辩异及习惯搭配等。

1.We went to canda to travel and my cousin

as our guide.A.played

B.showed

C.acted

D.performed 【错解】 A 【纠错心得】 本题很容易因为熟悉play a part／role这个短语而误选A。根据题意是“担当，充当我们的导游”的含义，因此填act as，相当于serve as.【答案】 C 2.He is such a man who is always fault with other peopel.A.putting

B.seeking

C.finding

D.1ookingfor 【错解】

B或D 【纠错心得】 除了选项A之外，其余三个选项似乎都符合题意。其中seek是新课标中的重点词汇，表示“寻找，找到或得到某事物，常与介词after或for连用”，短语 seek sth.from sb.表示“向某人寻求某事”的含义。而本题中find fault with sb.／sth.是固定搭配，意思是“找某人(或某事物)的错；埋怨某人(或某事物)”。【答案】 C

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3.Every body in the village like Jack because he is good at telling and

jokes.A.turnin up

B.putting up

C.making up

D.showing up 【错解】

D或A 【纠错心得】 根据句意“因为他善长于编故事和讲故事。村子里的人都喜欢Jack，”短语make up有“组成、构成”的意思。turn up“露面来到”；put up，建造，展示某物； show up，到来，出现 【答案】 C 4.We thought of selling this old furniture ,but we’ved ecided to

it.It might be valuable.A.hold on to

B.keep up with

C.turn to

D.look after 【错解】

D 【纠错心得】 解答本题的关键首先要熟悉给予的动词词组各自的含义及用法。平时在复习、学习中要对动词及动词短语多积累。学生可能知道“hold on”的含义“候着，别挂(电话)”，但不知“hold on to”，其含义为“坚持，继续；不放弃，不卖掉”。根据题意“我们本想把这件旧家具卖掉，但是我们决定还是不卖掉它。它可能有价值。”而B项keep up with“跟上”；C项turn to意为“转向；而„„求助”；D项look after“照顾”，故答案为A.【答案】A 专家会诊

1.动词及动词短语几乎年年必考，所涉及到的动词知识都是常用，的常见的。

2.平时要进行大量的阅读，在阅读中去理解动语短语get,come,look put,turn,take,send set,carry,call,have,care,pay,hold, keep,think,hear,make,give,hend,deal,ask等。

3.多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。

五、【高考母题】

1.(2010高考英语浙江卷,12)After that, he knew he could ______ any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.A．get away with

B．get on with C．get through

D．get across 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。get through“度过(艰难等)”，符合语意。get away with表示“偷走，受到从轻发落”；get on with表示“与……和睦相处”；get acroos表示“被传达，被理解”，都与语意不符。

2.(2010高考英语浙江卷,4)The majority of people in the town strongly ______ the plan to build a playground for children.A．consider

B．support

C．confirm

D．submit 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查动词辨析。分析四个选项的意思：consider考虑，思考，认为等；support支持，拥护，维持；confirm证实，确认；submit使屈服，使经受。根据语境：镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。

3.(2010高考英语天津卷,12)Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and

as a manager.A.ended up

B.dropped out

C.came back

D.started off 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语。end up意为“最终成为”；drop out意为“退出，退学”；come back意

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为“返回，回来”；start off意为“出发，开始”。句意为：作为职员进入公司，他很快升职，并最终成为经理。

4.(2010高考英语天津卷,1)He telephoned the travel agency to______ three air tickets to London.A.order

B.arrange

C.take

D.book 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：“他给旅行社打电话预定去伦敦的飞机票”，A项为“预定”，指预定座位或货物；B项意为“安排”；C项意为“拿，买”；D项意为“预定，登记”，指约定票，故选D。

5.(2010高考英语四川卷,19)If you have a job，______ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed． A．do devote

B．don't devote

C．devoting

D．not devoting 【答案】A 【解析】考查谓语动词的强调及“祈使句+and+将来时句子”的固定搭配。此处应是祈使句，又又谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do，故选A。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做，最后你定能成功。”

6.(2010高考英语四川卷,8)Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man______

and left．

A．took up

B．got up

C．shut up

D．set up 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词组。get up意为“起床，起立”。句意为“Jenny正在找一个座位，正在那时，很幸运的，一个人站起来离开了。”故选B。A项意为“从事，占据时间或空间”，C项为“闭嘴”；D意为“建造，搭起”。

7.(2010高考英语四川卷,6)Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what¬

nice.A.looks

B.smells

C.feels

D.tastes 【答案】Ａ

【解析】考查系动词辨析。与上句中的eat with their eyes相对，后句应该为点看起来很好吃的东西。故正确答案为A。

8.(2010高考英语陕西卷,14)You look well.The air and the sea foods in Sanya must ______ you, I suppose.A.agree with

B.agree to

C.agree on

D.agree about

【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。你看起来气色不错。我想，三亚的空气和海鲜肯定很适合你。agree with sb表示“适应”，主语常为气候、食物等，符合语境。agree to sth表示同意某事(主语为单方)；agree on和agree about意思基本一样，都表示“就／关于……取得了一致的意见”，主语为协商某件事情的双方或多方。

9.(2010高考英语山东卷,27)Sam ______ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A.brought up

B.looked up

C.picked up

D.set up 【答案】 C 【解析】考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”表示“学会”用pick up;pick up另外还有“捡起;顺车接送,搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等义；bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看；（形势）好转，改善；查阅”；set up表示“建立，设置；造成，产生”。

10.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,32)The new movie ______ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

A.promises B.agrees

c.pretends D.declines

【答案】A 【解析】考查动词辨析。语意：这部新电影有望成为有史以来最赚钱的电影之一。promise to be表示“有希望成为……”，符合语意。agree to do“同意做某事”；pretend to be“假装是……”；decline to do“拒绝做某事”。

11.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,28)Thousands of people______ _ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.A．turned on

B．turned in

C．turned around

D．turned out 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turn on“打开”；turn in“上交，归还”；turn around“转身，转换方向”；turn out“出席(某项活动)，在场”。语意为：成千上万的人到现场观看昨天与爱尔兰的那场比赛。根据语意选D项。

12.(2010高考英语江西卷,24)Parents ______ much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.A attach

B pay

C link

D apply 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。attach much importance to非常重视……。

13.(2010高考英语江苏卷,26)The experiment has______ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.A.found out

B.pointed out

C.ruled out

D.carried out 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。语意：试验排除了那个星球上存在生命的可能，但是这并不意味着其他星球上没有生命。rule out表示“排除”。A项表示“查明”，B项表示“指出”，D项表示“实行”，都与所给语境不符。

14.(2010高考英语江苏卷,24)Thousands of foreigners were______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.A.attended

B.attained

C.attracted

D.attached 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。语意：在上海世博会开放当天，成千上万的外国人被“吸引”到此处。attend表示“参加”，是及物动词，不必加to，而且要用主动形式，所以A项错误；B项表示“达到”，D项be attached to表示“附属于”，都不符合语境。

15.(2010高考英语湖北卷,29)Had she ______ _ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A.looked up to

B.lived up to

C.kept up with

D.come up with 【答案】 B 【解析】考察短语动词辨析。句意为“如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。”come up with(追赶上；想出，提出)； keep up with(跟上，追上)； look up to（抬头看，尊重）。只有B选项“live up to”（履行，实行）符合题意。

16.(2010高考英语湖北卷,28)Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ______ his personality.A.resembles

B.strengthens

C.reflects

D.shapes 【答案】C.【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：就好像一个人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么样的人交往能

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反映人的个性一样，一个人的住房也是如此。C项reflect“反射，照出”在此切合题意。A项resemble“类似，像；”B项strengthen“加强；巩固”和D项shape“塑造，使成形；形成；使符合”与题意相距甚远。

17.(2010高考英语湖北卷,27)Duty is an act or a course of action that people

you to take by social customs, law or religion.A.persuade

B.request

C.instruct

D.expect 【答案】D.【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：所谓职责，就是大家根据社会习俗、法律或者宗教信仰期望你所采取的一种行为或者说是一种做法。D项expect“预料；期望；指望”符合题意。A项persuade“说服，使某人相信”；B项request“礼貌地要求，请求”；C项instruct“命令；教授；指导”与语境不符。

18.(2010高考英语福建卷,34)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained______

abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A.sticking

B.stuck

C.to be stuck

D.to have stuck 【答案】 B 【解析】考察动词用法。remain用作连系动词，接过去分词作表语，表示主语所在的状态或已经发生的被动动作。句意为：“由于火山灰的原因，四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。”该空用过去分词表示主语所处的状态。

19.(2010高考英语福建卷,33)——In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.——I can’t agree more.it’s great to have the two ______

A.linked

B.related

C.connected

D.combined 【答案】

D 【解析】考查动词用法。嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

【解析】考查短语动词。belong to属于；refer to涉及，参考；occur to想到；appeal to意为“对……有吸引力”符合句意“你认为昨晚尼克的表演如何？”“说实话，他的演唱并不太吸引我”。23.(2010高考英语安徽卷,22)No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ______ you

wishing they were that high.A.getting rid of

B.getting along with

C.1ooking up to

D.Looking do wn upon 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。get rid of去除；look up to尊敬，赞赏；look down upon瞧不起；get along with相处。根据句意“无论你自己多么看低自己，总会有仰视你的人，希望他到达你这样的高度。”