第一篇：2018年高考英语语法复习精讲七(名词性从句)
高考英语名词性从句精讲
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 语法要点剖析
一、名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.whichever
连接副词：when, where, how, why, because 1.主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连接词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that只起连接作用，没有词义，不做从句的任何成分；whether/if起连接作用，有词义，但不做从句的成分。连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：
That he won the first place surprised us.Whether Tom will come is not unknown to me.What he wants to tell us is not clear.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
①It is/was +形容词+that 从句It’s unlikely that… 不可能
It’s strange that…奇怪的是…… ②It is/was +名词+that 从句 It’s a pity that… 遗憾的是……
It’s a fact that …事实是…… ③It +不及物动词+that 从句 It seems that… 似乎……
It happened that…碰巧…… ④It is/was +过去分词+that 从句It’s not known that……不知
It’s said that… 据说…… 2.宾语从句
复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。(1)由连接词that和what引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在从句中不做成分，也没有具体含义，也可省略，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： He has told me（that）he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.I think(that)we will get the best result, and that we will be the best students in our school.由连接代词what引导的宾语从句中，what 在从句中要做主语或者宾语，意思是：什么，..的事情/东西....(在其它名词性从句中that和what区别也如此）
She didn’t understand what he said at that time.(2)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how,等连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序（所有宾语从句也只能用陈述语序）。例如：
I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。(3)用whether或if引导的宾语从句（if只能引导动词的宾语从句）例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I want to know whether/if he comes from Australia.(4)注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不同时态。如：
I know(that)he will study English next year.Do you think he has studied English since ten years ago ? 当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。
例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America ten days before．
(5)think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即把从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We don’t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。
3.表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4.同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为连接词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
Word came here that the enemy is leaving the country.．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）The words（that）he told you is unimportant to me.（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
第二篇：高考英语语法：名词性从句
www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词： that, whether ,if（不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词：
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如：
That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。
We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首
2.引导表语从句
3.whether从句作介词宾语
4.从句后有“or not”
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。例如：
It is not important who will go.谁去，这不重要。
It is still unknown which team will win the match.到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。17.2 名词性that-从句 www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：
主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that…
有必要……
It is important that…
重要的是……
It is obvious that…
很明显…… b.It + be +-ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…
人们相信……
It is known to all that…
从所周知……
It has been decided that…
已决定…… c.It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that…
……是常识
www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
It is a surprise that…
令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…
事实是…… d.It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…
似乎……
It happens that…
碰巧……
It occurred to me that…
我突然想起…… 17.3 名词性wh-从句
1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。
Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。例如：
主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。
表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语：
I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末。例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1）yes-no型疑问从句 www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成。例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。17.5 否定转移
1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如：
I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。例如：
I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。
2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。例如：
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
3）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。例如：
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。（not否定动名词短语 having…）
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。）
4）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。例如：
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.（否定because状语）
他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struckby her beauty.（否定状语many weeks）她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
第三篇：高二英语语法复习—名词性从句（定稿）
高二英语语法复习—名词性从句
英语组钟昌亮
一、翻译：台湾属于中国。
1.我们都知道台湾属于中国。
2.事实是台湾属于中国。
3.台湾属于中国是大家都知道的。
4.我们都知道这个事实—台湾属于中国。
名词性从句相当于一个名词短语,在复合句中分别充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语,所以被称为以上四种从句。
二、名词性从句引导词
1.从属连词
2.连接代词（既起连接作用，本身又作从句中的主语，宾语，表语或定语）
3.连接副词（既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语）
三、名词性从句考点：
1、连接词的选用
we can’t get seems better than ___we have.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;that
2.---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.---Is that _____you had a few days off?
A.whyB whenC.whatD where
A.forB.thatC.at whichD.which
解题技巧:连接词的选用看从句所缺的成分----缺什么补什么
2、that/what引导名词性从句的区别
that:引导四种名词性从句。在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。
what:引导主，宾，表语从句。在从句中充当主，宾，表语成分，还起连接作用（“什么，…东西/事情”).Ex._____ made the school proud was______ more than
90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities
A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出考点：
1.Can you tell me how many students are there in your class?
2.I don't know where has he gone.3.The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was.４.He wondered why he doesn’t come.3.名词性从句用陈述语序解题技巧：找准从句的主语和谓语—S+V（从句为陈述语序）
5.We suggested that we would go to the cinema.6.My suggestion is that we must do our homework first.7.His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable.4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气
判断正误
1.If we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.（）
2.The question is whether the film is worth seeing.（）
3.The news if our team has won the match is unknown.()
4.It all depends on if they will support us.()
5.He asked me whether I could go with him or not.()
6.I didn’t know whether to go there.()
7..It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.()
5.whether,if 引导名词性从句的区别
选择正确答案
1.He didn’t make _____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these
2._____ felt funny watching myself on TV.A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That
3.It is obvious to the students _____ they should get well prepared for their future.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that
6.it作形式主语，宾语的情况.解题技巧:观察句末是否有真正的主语或宾语
7.连词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导定语从句的区别.观察：
1）The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.()
2)The news(that)you told me yesterday was true.()
解题技巧:观察先词与从句之间的关系---先行词与同位语从句是同等关---n.=从句 关系代词that引导定语从句时，一方面起引导定语从句的作用，另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语，宾语或表语，that引导的定语从句时残缺的。
Summary：
一.名词性从句的种类及其定义。
二.名词性从句考点：
1.名词性从句连接词的选择
2..that/what
3.名词性从句用陈述语序
4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气
5.whether/if
6.it作形式主语和形式宾语。
7..that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
名词性从句试题：
1.The doctor thought ______would be good for you to have a holiday.（全国Ⅱ）
A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it
2.We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.(全国I）
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where
is in charge of International Sales please?(全国I）
A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever
that haman beings are naturally equipped to speak.（全国Ⅱ）
A.saidB.to sayC.sayingD.being said
5.It is necessary that a college student____ at least a foreign language.A.mastersB.should masterC.masteredD.will master
6.See the flag on the top of the building?That is ____ we did this morning(全国卷I)
A.whenB.whichC.whereD．what
7.The fact has worried many the earth is becoming warmer andwarmer these years.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though
（全国Ⅱ）
A.WhatB.whyC.whereD.Which.9.One reason for her preference for city life is places like shops and restaurants.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why.10.Please remind me he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off.（全国I）
A.whereB.whenC.howD.what
he goes with, whether his friend or relatives.A.whatB.whoC.howD.why
12.----How about camping this weekend,just for a change?
you want.A.whichever B.howeverC.whateverD.whoever
13.---What did your parents think about your decision?
---They always let me do _______ I think I should.（全国II）
A.whenB.thatC.howD.what
14It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although
about two thousand patients have taken it.A．thatB．whatC．howD．whether
15.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _____she was so angry.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why
16.—Have you finished the book?（全国Ⅱ）
---No, I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave.A.whichB.whatC.hatD.where
第四篇：高三英语语法复习---名词性从句
高三英语语法复习---名词性从句
一、概说
名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的连接词的选用依据“从句缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则。解题时，应首先确定选用连接代词还是连接副词。然后再根据题意选用具体的连接词。如果名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则选用连接代词。如果从句中缺少状语，则选用连接副词。如果从句中不缺成分，而仅表示陈述事实，则用that引导。如果含有“是否”意义，则选用whether或if。
二、名词性从句的一般引导词
1.连接词 that 只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如：
I hope(that)you enjoy your holiday.希望你假期过得好。That he likes you is very obvious.很显然他喜欢你。
2.连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成 if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。
He asked whether [if] I would show him the way.他问我是否可以给他带路。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句，不能用 if 代替 whether)
3.连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：
That’s why she wanted to leave.这就是她想离开的原因。When we arrive doesn't matter.什么时候到没有关系。Tell me which one you like best.告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。
4.连接副词 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如： The question is how we should carry out the plan.问题是怎样执行这个计划。When she’ll be back depends much on the weather.她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。
Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。
三、名词性从句的重要引导词 1.what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“…所…的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。如：
I don’t know what you want.我不知道你想要什么。
I don’t know what you want is this.我不知道你所想要的是这个。2.what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词，其后修饰名词。如： I gave him what books I had.我把我所有的书都给他了。
He gave me what money he had about him.他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
注：what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词，并且后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰，两者的区别是：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：
What friends she has are out of the country.她有的那些朋友全在国外。We gave him what(little)help we could.我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。3.whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句，其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如：
Whoever wants the book may have it.任何人要这书都可拿去。I’ll do whatever I can to help him.我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Buy whichever is cheapest.买最便宜的。注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子： 任何人来都欢迎
误：Who comes will be welcome./ Anyone comes will be welcome.正：Whoever comes will be welcome./ Anyone who comes will be welcome.另外，它们也可引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论…”、“不管…”，其意相当于 no matter who [what, which]。如：
Whatever happens, you must be calm.不管发生什么情况，你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)
He won't eat you, whoever he is.不管他是谁，他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who)
注：whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语；作宾语时不宜用 whomever，因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。4.why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调的原因。如：
I had a cold.That’s why I didn't come.我感冒了，因此我没来。
I didn’t come.That’s because I had a cold.我没有来，那是因为我感冒了。
五、名词性从句的语序
名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同，尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句，不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如：
Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭？
I don’t know why he was crying.我不知道她为什么哭。
六、名词性从句的时态问题
1.当主句的谓语动词是过去式时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如：
She said that she didn't want to know.她说她不想知道。I asked her whether she would agree.我问她是否会同意
2.when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时，要直接使用将来时态；但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如：
I don’t know when he will come, but when he comes, I’ll call you.我不知道他什么时候，但当他来的时候，我会打电话给你。
句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句，故用将来时态表示将来意义；第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表示将来意义。
使用名词性从句的两个注意点
注意1 语序问题
不管什么词引导，从句的语序始终用陈述语序。如：
(1)He asked how he could find his courage.他问道他如何才能找到他的勇气。(2)The question is why there is little rain here.问题是这里为什么雨水少。
注意2 连接词的选用问题
A．that，whether，if，as if(限用于表语从句)都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它们所引导的句子结构必须完整。that 一般用于确定的语气中，引导宾语从句时，口语中的that可省略，而其他情况中的that一般不可省；而whether，if一般用于不确定的语句中。如：(1)That he learnt English before is certain.他学过英语是肯定的。(2)I don’t know whether / if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。(3)He looks as if he knows the answer.看起来他好像知道答案。B．whether和if 1)whether可用于任何名词性从句中，而一般只能用于宾语从句中。如果if引导主语从句时，只能放在句中，而不能置于句首。如：
(1)Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter.—It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.他来还是不来都没关系。
(2)Do you know if / whether his words are true.你知道他的话是否真实吗？ 2)whether可与or not连用，而if则不可以。如
(1)I’m not sure whether / if he can overcome the difficulties.我没有把握他能否克服这些困难。
(2)The radio didn’t say whether it would rain or not tomorrow.收音机并没有报道明天是否下雨。
3)若用if会产生歧义时，则用whether。
(1)Let me know whether he will come.告诉我他是否会来。
(2)Let me know if he will come.可理解为：告诉我他是否会来。也可理解为：如果他愿意来，就告诉我一声。
4)whether可与不定式连用，而if不可以。
Have you decided whether to go there tomorrow? 明天是否去那儿，你决定了吗？(句子中的whether不能用if替换)5)whether引导的从句可作某些介词及动词discuss的宾语，而if则不可以。如：(1)They are talking about whether they will take part in the strike.他们在谈论他们是否要参加这次罢工。
(2)They are discussing whether they can employ the new way.他们在讨论他们是否可以采用这种新的方法。
(以上两个句子中的whether 不能用if替换)6)宾语从句若为否定句，连接词则用if 而不用whether。如：
Do you know if he hasn’t been to Washington? 你知道他是否没有去过华盛顿吗？ 此句子中的If不能用whether替换。C．连接代词、连接副词都作句子的成分，因此，选用时须确定从句是否缺少成分，然后再确定选用适当的连接词。如：
(1)I don’t know ________ he lives.(2)I don’t know ________ he lives there.(3)I don’t know ________ he lives there by fishing.(4)I don’t know ________ he likes.根据从句里面的成分，句子(1)可填地点、方式等连接词where / how；句子(2)可填that, whether / if，原因连接副词why 或方式连接副词how；句子(3)可填that, whether / if，原因连接副词why；句子(4)缺少宾语，可填what。
高考链接：
(2012年全国新课标)1.It is by no means clear____ the president can do to end the strike.A.how
B.which
C.that
D.what 【解析】选D。本题是考查主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用what补上。
2.（2010·全国卷I·T33）We haven’t discussed yet _________ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where 【解析】选D。句意：我们还没有谈论将把我们的新家具放在哪儿。通过分析从句中的结构，可判断出填空处需要连接副词。根据句意以及句中缺少的成分可知选D。【知识拓展】怎样确定填空处需要疑问代词还是疑问副词
判断填空处需要疑问代词还是疑问副词，一是看句子的意思，二是看句子中缺少什么成分。例如：
-Jane looks blue today.-Yes.But she doesn’t want to tell us _______ that she is worried.A.what is it B.what it is C.why is it D.why it is 此题选D。一些学生误选B。认为句意是她不想告诉我们她担心什么。但是，what是疑问代词在从句中要作主语、宾语、宾语等。若选B，要在worried后面加上about才可以。选D，句意是她不想告诉我们她为什么担心，why在从句中作状语。
由此题可知，做此类题时，一定要做到不仅看句子的意思还要看句子中缺少什么成分。3.(2010·全国卷II·T10)—Have you finished the book？
--No.I’ve read up to _____ the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.that D.where 【解析】D。句意：-你读完这本书了吗？-没有。我已经读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴那儿。where在此引导宾语从句并在从句中做地点状语，表示“在。。。的地方”。【知识拓展】一般过去时与现在完成时区别
1、一般过去时指一个单纯的过去动作，与现在无关；现在完成时指过去的动作对现在的影响。例如：
1）He lost a pen yesterday.(单纯的过去动作, 现在是否找到不知道)。
2）He has lost a pen.(这件事发生在过去，对现在产生的影响是没有钢笔用)。3）Who opened the door? 4）Who has opened the door?
5）Has he gone to the meeting?(会议正在进行)。6）Did he go to the meeting?(会议已经结束)。
2、现在完成时不可以与确定的过去时间连用，而一般过去时则可以。7）I was there in 1980.8)I have been there before.9)He met his brother in the street yesterday.10)He hasn't met his brother for a long time.4.（2010·江苏卷·T35）—— I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.—— That’s _______ I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what 【解析】选A。句意：—— 星期天我宁愿整天关在家里听音乐。—— 这就是我不同意的地方。你应该过更积极的生活。本题中agree 是不及物动词，后面不接宾语，所以排除D项；同时上下文中并没有涉及到方式和时间方面的信息，所以排除B项和C项。“在某方面与人观点不一致”应该是指抽象的地点，所以用where引导表语从句。5.（2010·北京卷·T 31）.I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how 【解析】选C。句意：“我希望因为内心的东西而被别人喜欢和爱。”通过分析从句中的结构，可判断出填空处需要连接代词，故B，D两项错误。由句意可知，强调的是内心的东西，即内容，所以要选what。6.（2010·北京卷·T 32）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A.what B.that C.why D.whether 【解析】选B。在这个表语从句中，要选的词在从句里面不作任何成分，只起连接作用，无实际意义，只有B项符合这个要求，其他三个选项均不符合。7.（2010·北京卷·T 33）some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How 【解析】选B。句意：“一些人认为是缺点的东西，会被其他许多人看做长处。”通过分析从句中的结构，可判断出填空处需要连接代词作宾语，可先排除AD两项，又因为that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，所以又可排除C项。故用what，表示“什么东西”。8.（2010·福建卷·T 35）We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have ______we have here and treat food nicely.A.that B.which C.what D.whether 选C。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导宾语从句，而且在宾语从句中作have的宾语，所以what符合要求。which引导名词性从句时，意思是“哪一个；哪一些”，通常有一个选择的范围，与语境不符。9.（2010·湖南卷·T35）Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew she was so angry.A.where
B.whether
C.that
D.why 选D。句意为：Cindy重重地关上门，失声大哭，办公室没人知道她为什么这么生气。这是一个宾语从句，根据句意可选出D。10.（201·0山东卷·T26）Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which 【解析】选B。句意为：在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。分析句子结构可知，从空格处到句子结束为介词of的宾语从句，空格处所填入的内容为从句中动词need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。why, how为连接副词，在句中为原因或方式状语。
11.（2010· 陕西卷·T 18）It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A.which B.what C.that D.if 解析】选C。通过分析句子结构可知，it 作形式主语，me后面的从句是真正的主语，即主语从句。要选的词在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，只有that 符合要求。也可用排除法，which 一般引导从句时，常在从句中充当一定成分，if一般用来引导条件状语从句或宾语从句，但二者均不用来引导主语从句，由此可排除AD两项；C项what可用来引导主语从句，但在主语从句中必须作一定的成分，如主语或宾语，但该主语从句结构完整，所以也可排除。12．（2010·上海卷·T 36）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A.that B.how C.what D.why 【解析】选A。句意：她偏爱城市生活的一个原因就是她可以很容易地进出像商场和饭店这样的地方。在is后面的表语从句中，she为主语，can have easy access to是谓语，places是宾语，句子结构完整，故选A，that在表语从句中不作任何成分。how, what以及why在句子中要做成分，故排除。13（2010·上海卷·T 37）When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know
A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering 【解析】选B。句意：在转换车道时，司机应当使用转向信号灯，以使其他司机知道他所转向哪个车道。动词或介词后的宾语从句应该用陈述语序，故选B。14.（2010·四川卷·T14）How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why 【解析】选B。句意：一个人旅游多么享受在很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。根据句中的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选项B正确。15.（2010·天津卷·T14）As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.A.how B.what C.When D.which
【解析】选B。句意：作为一名刚毕业的学生，他不知道在这里做买卖需要什么。题干中的takes是及物动词，须带宾语，4个选项中可以在名词性从句中起名词作用的又有一定含义的连接词是what（什么；所。。的），how（怎样）和when（什么时候）在名词性从句中起状语的作用。which（哪一个）起定语的作用。所以选what。16.（2010·浙江卷·T9）It is uncertain __ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.A.that B.what C.how D.whether 【解析】选B。考查主语从句用法。本句意义为：“虽然大约有2000病人服用过这种药，但是它到底会带来什么副作用还不可知。”what side effect 在此处做bring about的宾语。17.（2010·重庆卷·T25）To improve the quality of our products ,we asks for suggestions ___ had used the products.A.whoever B.who C.whichever D.which 【解析】选A。句意：为了提高我们的产品质量，我们征询了曾经使用过这种产品的人的建议。选题关键是要了解本题的结构，考生很可能会误认为是定语从句而选了D，ask sb for suggestions向某人征求建议，排除C和D.who的意思是“谁” whoever的意思是“无论谁”相当于anyone who 2011年高考题
1.（四川卷T10）Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why B.how C.what D.which 【解析】选C考查宾语从句。句意为:老师总是告诉我们，如果想要成功，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。believe in 之后是两个并列的宾语从句，在第一个从句里，动词do 缺少宾语，所以用what。故选C.2.（山东卷T26）I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.A.that B.when C.where D.why
【解析】选D。恐怕他在很大程度上是一个空谈的人而不是一个干实事的人，这就是他为什么一事无成的原因。根据句子语法结构，why在句中用来引导表语从句。其他连词与句子语意不符。
3.（山东卷T33）We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which
【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意为：我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。选项中whether引导宾语从句表示是否，where表示地点；what往往在名词性从句中指“……的人或物”；which表示“哪一个”。
4.（江西卷T26）The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.A．this B．that C．what D．which 【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意为：村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥。后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。
5.（辽宁卷T23）Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first.A.what B.who C.how D.why 【解析】选C。考查宾语从句的引导词，句意为：二十名学生想参加旨在于教授如何快速阅读的课程。what什么；who谁；how如何，符合句意；why为什么。
6.（辽宁卷T32）When the news came the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.A.since B.which C.that D.because 【解析】 选C。考查同位语从句，句意为：当战争已爆发的消息传来时，他决定到军队中服役。空格后the war broke out为news的内容，构成了同位语从句，而且从句中什么成分也不缺，要用that来引导，that不能省略。since自从，既然；which哪一个；because因为，引导原因状语从句。
7.（陕西卷T15）I’d like to start my own business—that’s I’d do if I had the money.A.why B.when C.which D.what 【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意：如果我有这么多钱，我会自己做买卖，那就是我想做的事情。句中what在表语从句中充当宾语。what I’d do意为“我所愿意做的事情”。
8.（湖南卷T31）Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _____ the problem itself is.A.what B.that C.which D.why
【解析】选A。考查名词性从句。句意：在解决问题之前必须弄清楚问题本身是什么。what引导主语从句，并在主语从句中充当表语。注：句中的it是形式主语。
9.（天津卷T13）Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A.what B.which C.that D.where 【解析】选C。考查名词性从句，句意为：现代科学已给出了明显的证据，吸烟会导致许多疾病。Smoking can lead to many diseases是evidence的内容，evidence在此句中不做成分，此句是个完整的句子，不缺成分，是同位语从句。所以选引导词that。What, which和where需要在句子中做成分。
10.（上海卷T35）There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A.what B.if C.how D.that 【解析】选D。考查同位语从句和引导词。句意为：有清晰的证据证明最难诠释的感情是身体上的疼痛。分析句子结构可知the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain作evidence的同位语，因此引导词要用that，that在同位语从句中不作成分，但不能省略，故选D。
11.（上海卷T38）The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ______ others actually understand.A.why B.that C.which D.what 【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意为：你想用言语表达的信息或许与其他人实际上理解的内容恰恰相反。why引导定语从句或宾语从句；that引导宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句，定语从句或主语从句，但在主语从句中不作成分；which引导定语从句或宾语从句；what引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，可以理解为“……的人、事物等”，由句意可知选D。
12.（江苏卷T26）It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.A.that B.how C.when D.why 【解析】选D。考查主语从句，句意为：这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故，还不清楚。根据句意可知主语从句中缺少原因状语，故用why。that引导主语从句不作句子成分；how作方式状语；when作时间状语。
13.（重庆卷T22）It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether B.when C.which D.where 【解析】选 A。考查名词性从句。句意为：旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。引导名词性从句时，A项意为“是否”，并且能与or not连用；B项意为“……的时间”；C项意“哪一个，哪一些”；D项意为“……的地点”。此句中，it为形式主语，后面为真正的主语从句，由句意以及后面的or not可知选A。
14.（重庆卷T34）It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.A.whose B.what C.which D.that 【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。句意为：对于公众来说，要想知道一项新的发明对人了的生活有什么用处并不总是一件容易的事。此句中，it为形式主语，to see _____ use a new invention can be of to human life是真正的主语，其中_____ use a new invention can be of to human life是see的宾语从句，其正常语序为a new invention can be of _____ use to human life，引导宾语从句时，whose +n.表示“谁的”；what +n.表示“什么”；which +n.表示“哪个、哪些”；that后面不能接名词。由此可以看出该空填what，what use“什么用处”，故选B。15（安徽卷T33）His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.A.that B.how C.who D.what 【解析】选 D。考查名词性从句。句意为：他的笔迹非常混乱，很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语make out引起的的宾语从句，该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语，表示事物，故选择D项。that在宾语从句中不作句子成分；how作方式状语；who作主语，指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。
16.（北京卷T22）Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom 【解析】 选B。考查名词性从句中的主语从句。句意为：芭芭拉?琼斯提供给她的狂热仰慕者的是诚实和快乐。offer sth.to sb.给某人提供某物，由此可知从句中offer后面缺少宾语，应用what来作宾语并引导从句，故选B。
17.（北京卷T31）The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.A.what B.how C.that D.why 【解析】 选A。考查宾语从句。句意为：这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们会面临着多么可怕的问题。宾语从句为感叹句：“what(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”结构，故答案为A。
第五篇：高中二轮英语语法复习讲解-名词性从句
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
高中英语语法之名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever 连接副词：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often 不可省略的连词： 1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句 3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有“or not”
Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二.主语从句
1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …
It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…
2、嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
(3)It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
4.What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right.三、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时, 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We don’t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。
6.时态：1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。7.宾语从句的连接词
从属连词：连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.连接代词：连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词：连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.8.动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗? 动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we(should)make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.9.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.10.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.11.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④ 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.12.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that 1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
定义：A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么[1]样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。The problem is puzzling.这问题令人困惑 主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether,how.He has become a teacher.他已经成为一名教师。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。She has remained there for an hour.她曾在那里停留了一个小时。
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。His suggestion is good.他的建议是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。The question is confusing.这个问题令人困惑.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。
why he cried yesterday.昨天他为什么哭。
how I can persuade her to join us in the party.我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。
whether the enemy is marching towards us.是否敌人正向我们行进.注意：
A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether 位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.D that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
3、基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句，例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)// The scissors are not what I need.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)// What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)// That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)// That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
注意： “That is why...”是常用句型，意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。// That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样，例如： That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如： He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如：
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
六、名词性that-从句
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
主语：That she is still alive is her luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b.It + be +-ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 众所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… c.It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… d.It +不及物动词+ that-从句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
七、名词性wh-从句 1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如： 主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
同位语： I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。
2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。
八、if, whether引导的名词从句 1）yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，例如： 主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。if和whether的区别：
1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如：
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。
2、在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如：
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息。、在介词后，只能用whether。如：
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。如：
Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know.这是否真的，我真的不知道。
（例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。－－此例为主语从句，有误，感谢指出）
5、用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如：
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义.九、否定转移
1)将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。
2)将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
十、高考热点透视
1.___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET 1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It 答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）
A．how B．after C．what D．when
答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。3.He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 答案：D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
4.What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）
A.when B.how C.whether D.why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。” 5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants缺少宾语，A.however 和D.whenever是不能作宾语的；排除A和D，whichever表示“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选 B．whatever，表示“无论什么”。
6.______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 答案C。本题句子的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句，连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词，不能引导从句，况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”，与题意不符，如果要选A.Anyone或B.The person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D.Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
7.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests.(Shanghai1995)A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 答案为C。本题句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever也不行。
8.----I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.----Is that ______ you had a few days off ?(NMET1999)A.why B.what C.when D.where
答案A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗？”
9.I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.(NMET1993)A.when B.how C.where D.what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D．what，而答案C, D均与题意不符，所以应选A．when。used to be表示一种过去存在的状态，本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was？（2001春季招生）
A．where B．what C．how D．which
答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书，所以要填which，这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”。
11.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C when D.as(2001年上海)答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。12.—I think it is going to be a big problem.—Yes, it could be.—I wonder ______ we can do about it.(北京 2002春季)A、if B、how C、what D、that 答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引导方式状语的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
十一、专项考点练习
1.________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A.It is said B.They are said C.It said D.It says 答案A：句型It is said that+主语从句。类似的还有It is believed that……etc 2._____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
A.What B.That C.How D.Where
答案A：观察此从句中缺少主语，而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分又引导的就只有what了 3.It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.A.whether B.if C.that D.how
4.Shanghai has taken on a new look.It isn’t like _____ it used to be.A.what B.how C.that D.which
5.____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.A.There, that B.It, that C.There, whether D.It, whether
6.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.what D.where
7.The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.A.had his daughter grown B.would his daughter grow C.his daughter would grow D.his daughter had grown
8.Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.A.how she is getting along B.how is she getting along C.what she is getting along D.what is she getting along 9.____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A.That;what B.What;that C.That;that D.What;what 10.These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.A.whatever B.which C.that D.whichever 11._____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.The person
12.Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.A.any;who B.every;whoever C.whichever;whoever D.either;whoever
13.____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;why C.What;because D.Why;that 14.It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.A.What;that B.That;that C.What;what D.That;what 15.It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.A.should send B.must be sent C.should be sent D.must go 16.The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.A.which we get;what give we B.what we get;what we give C.which do we get;what do we give D.how we get;that we give 17.We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.A.be put off B.was put off C.should put off D.is to be put off 18.Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A.where B.there C.here where D.where there
19.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who
20.You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited
Keys:1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11----15 C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
名词性从句练习(一)1.His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.A.that B.the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact 2.“Is Mary from New York City ” “I don't know _______.” A.from what city does she come from
B.from what city she come C.what city does she come from
D.what city she comes from 3.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 4.The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.A.because I got B.because of getting C.I got D.that I got 5.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A.while
B.that
C.if
D.for 6.Henry killed the dog.I'll ask him why ________.A.did he do that
B.he did that C.he did
D.he has done so 7.Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.A.how he is getting along
B.how is he getting along C.what he is getting along
D.what is he getting along 8.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 9.He asked me ________ with me.A.what is the trouble B.what wrong was C.what was the matter D.what trouble it is 10.I am sure ________ he said is true.A.that B.about that C.of that D.that what 11.When and why he came here ________ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not bee 12.I wonder how much ________.A.does the watch cost B.did the watch cost
C.the watch costed D.the watch costs 13.Mary is ________ someone might recognize her.A.afraid of B.afraid about C.afraid that D.afraid for 14.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late
B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late
D.Being a few minutes late 15.They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer.A.that not all things can be done
B.because of not all things be done C.being not all things can be done D.because not all things can be done 16.Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A.for B.because C.since D.that 17.I don't doubt ________ he'll come.A.that
B.if
C.what
D.whether 18.“Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr.Wang ”
“Well, I forget _______ I was supposed to go to.”
A.which the room B.which room C.what was the room D.what room was it 19.Output is now six times ________ it was before liberation.A.that B.which C.what D.of which 20.Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes.Because she's always saved ________.A.what little she earns B.how little she earns C.for little she earns D.with little she earns 21._______ surprised me most was ________ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A.That...what B.What...that C.That...which D.What...which
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
22.We gave him ________ help we could.A.which B.what C.that D.this 23.She is pleased with what you have given him and ________ you have told him.A.that
B.which
C.all what
D.all that 24.Excuse me would you please tell me ________
A.when the sports meet is taken place
B.when is the sports meet going to be held C.when is the sports meet to begin
D.when the sports meet is to take place 25.Do you happen to know ________
A.what size shoes he wears
B.how big shoes he wears C.what is the size of his shoes D.what number shoes are his 26.This book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.A.how you have observed
B.how what you have observed C.that you have observed
D.how that you have observed 27.Where do you think ________
A.has he gone
B.has he been
C.he's gone
D.was he 28.Do you know ________
A.how many populations there are in the world B.how much population there is in the world C.how many the population of the world is
D.what the population of the world is 29.Would you go and see ________ outside
A.what to take place B.what Tom has happened C.what is happening D.what the matter had been 30.The subject of “What is interesting is that I do not even know him.” is_______.A.what B.interesting C.What is interesting D.I 31.________ I think he is Charles.A.Who do you think he is
B.Do you think who he is
C.Whom do you think he is D.Do you think who he is 32.He didn't know which room ________.A.they lived B.they lived in C.did they live D.did they live in 33.The little boy ate ________ his mother gave him.A.that B.which C.whatever D.no matter what 34.The city is no longer ________.A.what it is B.that it used to be C.which it was D.what it used to be 35.My parents used ________ they had to get a new car for me.A.which B.that C.what D.all what 36.______ we go swimming every day _____ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 37.________ was the idea _______ the wife thought of A.What...that B.That...what C.How...why D.Why...how 38._______ did he tell his wife ________ he wished to do
A.That...what B.What...that C.Where...which D.Which...where 39.One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.A.what that B.that what C.that which D.which that 40.I have no idea ________ or not he has finished the work.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 41.“Do you know ________ ” “His father is a doctor.” A.what is his father B.who is his father
C.what his father is D.who his father is 42.Is this ________ we met each other two years ago
嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
A.place B.place in which C.where D.place which 43.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that 44.We all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A.where B.wherever C.that D.that wherever
45.They discussed _______ they could settle the problem without others' help.A.if B.that C.what D.whether 46.She asked ________.A.what I was doing when she rang me up
B.what was I doing when she rang me up C.when she rang me up what I was doing
D.when did she ring me up what I was doing 47.161718192021-页 共 21 页
点击咨询 