高考英语总复习之名词性从句[5篇模版]

第一篇：高考英语总复习之名词性从句

高考英语复习--------名词性从句用法及真题解析

名词性从句是高考英语中非常重要的部分，它能使得英语的句子长度加长，内容丰富且句型多样。高中阶段的英语学习基本涉及了所有的名词性从句常用句法，因此高考也在各种题型中考查同学们对此项语法的掌握。同学们除了应具有基本的语法知识，如能分析句中的主、谓、宾等基本成份，更重要的应该培养一定的逻辑分析能力，能够正确判断出句与句之间的主、次关系及语意关联；能够分析得出主、从句（可以根据连接词的位臵），通过对题意的正确理解判断使用何种连接词。同时注意句中的语序，时态及主谓一致问题。考点1 主语从句

引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类： 连接词that，whether；

连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等； 连接副词when，where，why，how等。1．连接词that，whether引导

①That the college will take in more new students this year is true． 今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。

②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance． 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。【注】(1)if不能引导主语从句。

(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：

A．It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure． 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。B．It+系动词+名词+that从句。如：

It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace． 我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。C．It+be+v．ed形式+that从句。如：

It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out． 据宣布计划已经顺利实施。2．连接代词引导

①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have． 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。②who the letter was from is still unknown． 这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。

③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize． 你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3．连接副词引导

①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear． 针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。

②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery． 恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。考点2 宾语从句

引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类： 连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。1．连接词that，whether，if引导

①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help． 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。

②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years． 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

【注】whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：

Let me know whether or not you can come． 请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：

We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting． 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。

2．连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等如：

①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class． 她问我班上谁的书法最好。

②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind． 我想到什么就说什么。

3.连接副词引导when，where，why，how等 ①Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗? ②I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting． 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。4．宾语从句的语序

在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：

①He asked me when we could set out the next day． 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。②Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗? 5．宾语从句的时态

(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday． 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)②she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk． 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei． 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：

①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon． 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)②He said that he was going to take care of the baby． 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)③He said that they were having a meeting at that time． 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：

①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it． 老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。②He said that light travels much faster than sound． 他说光比声音传播得快。

【注】在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：

(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后臵。如：

①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day． 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。②I have made it a rule that I keep diaries． 我每天写日记成了惯例。

(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后臵。如：

①I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food． 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。②When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral． 启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位臵。(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：

①She is always thinking of how she can do more for others． 她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。

②We are talking about whether we admit students into our club． 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。

(4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：

①I don’t think I know you．我想我并不认识你。②I don’t believe he will come．我相信他不回来。考点

3、表语从句

常由连接词that，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why引导。1．连接词引导

①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。

②The question remains whether they will be able to help us． 问题还是他们能否帮我们。2．连接代词和连接副词引导

①The problem is who will take charge of this shop． 问题是谁将接管这家店铺。

②That is when I realized the importance of journalism． 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。

【注】(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：

①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door． 听上去好像有人在敲门。

②At that time，it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word． 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

(2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why…is that…。如：

The reason why he came late was that he got up late．他来得晚是因为起床晚了。

考点4 同位语从句

同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。

1．通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：

①They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again． 他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。②I have no idea that she quit her present job． 我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。

③Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening． 答应我，你今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。

2．同位语从句还可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。如：

①The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading． 学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。

②I have no idea why he was excited at that time．我不知道当时他激动的原因。

．

考点5 名词性从句需要注意的事项

1．that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略；在宾语从句中有时可以省略，一般需要注意下面两点：(1)当that从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：

They share little in common except that they are from the same country． 除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。

(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不省略。如：

I believe(that)you’ve done your best and that things will improve． 我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况也会得到改善。

2．that与what的区别。that在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语，意思是”什么，……的事情”。如： ①The hope that he may recover is not gone yet． 他会康复的希望没有消失。②What he said proved to be true． 他所说的话证明是正确的。

3．定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制；而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。如： ①The news that our team has won the game was true． 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。②The news that he told me yesterday was true． 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

③I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich． 我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。

④The mother made a promise that pleased all her children． 妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。

十年高考【2002-2011】英语分类汇编----名词性从句

1（2011北京卷22）________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A.Which

B what

C.That

D.Whom 2（2011北京卷31）The shocking news mad me realize _____terrible problems we would face.A.what

B.how

C.that

D.why

3（2011上海卷31）There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A.what

B.if

C.how

D.that

4（2011上海卷38）The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.A.why

B.that

C.which

D.what 5（2011山东卷26）I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.A.that

B.when

C.where

D.why

6（2011山东卷33）We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.A.where

B.what

C.whether

D.which 7（2011江西卷26）The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.A.this

B.that

C.what

D.which 8（2011江苏卷26）It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.A.that

B.how

C.when

D.why

9（2011安徽卷33）His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.A.that

B.how

C.who

D.what

10（2011四川卷10）Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why

B.how

C.what

D.which 11（2011辽宁卷23）Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ___to read first.A.what

B.who

C.how

D.why

12（2011辽宁卷32）When the news came_________the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.A.since

B.which

C.that

D.because 13（2011天津卷13）Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.where 14（2011陕西卷15）I’d like to start my own business–that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money.A.why

B.when

C.which

D.what 15（2011重庆卷22）It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether

B.when

C.which

D.where

第二篇：高考英语从句总复习

从句

一． 定义

1.句子分为简单句和复合句。简单句是只有一个主谓宾结构。复合句是由两个或两个以上的主谓宾结构构成的句子。

2.复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句是全句的主体，从句是主句的一个成分，它不能单独做句子，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的从句，如作主语的就叫主语从句，作宾语的就叫宾语从句，作表语的就叫表语从句，作定语的叫定语从句，作状语的就叫状语从句。3.复合句主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

二． 名词性从句

（一）主语从句

1.主语从句是指从句充当主语的句子。2.引导词;关系代词：（1)从句成分什么都不缺：thatwhetherif(whether一般跟or not 搭配使用，if不能)That the earth is round is true Whether she comes or not makes no difference(2)从句成分缺人：whowhomwhosewhoeverwhomever(3)从句成分缺物：whatwhatererwhichwhichever Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whose watch was lost is unknown.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right.关系副词：where:（什么地方），从句中缺地点状语 when:(什么时候)，从句中缺时间状语 why:(什么原因)，从句中缺原因状语 how:(如何，怎样)，从句中缺方式状语

Where he is from is the question nobody can answer She don’t know how she can get to the hospital Why he is late is he was ill yesterday 3.主语从句的特殊形式:it做形式主语的主语从句结构(1)It is ＋名词＋从句

It is a fact an honor that（2)it is ＋形容词＋从句

It is natural obviouspossible that…(3)it is ＋不及物动词＋从句

It seems happened that…(4)it ＋过去分词＋从句

It is reported that… 据报道… It is said that…据说…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

4.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2)It is said ,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)(3)It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)

(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)5.注意：

（1）主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。

Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（2）主语从句中的引导词放在句首不能省略

（二）．宾语从句

1.从句在主句中充当宾语的句子是宾语从句 2.引导词

3.宾语从句的几种形式（1）做及物动词的宾语 I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me that she would accept my invitation.(2)作介词的宾语

Our success depends upon how hard we work(3).作形容词的宾语

I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.I am glad that you have made such progress(4)动词+it+that结构

It做形式宾语，代替that引导的宾语从句

He has made it clear that he won’t give up the opportunity We consider it necessary that we should open out(5)宾语从句否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.4.注意：（1）宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序

（2）如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制，如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。He thought he was working for the people．

I heard she had been to the Great W all．

John hoped that he would find a job soon．

但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化：

The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun

（三）表语从句

从句在主句中充当表语成分的句子是表语从句。一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句” The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.This is why we can’t get the support of the people

But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.（四）同位语从句

1.同位语从句是修饰前面名词的从句。

The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general 2.同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：

The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）

The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

三．形容性从句（定语从句）

（一）含义：从句充当定语成分的句子叫做定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

（二）限制性定语从句

1.限制性定语是指定语从句紧跟它所修饰的中心名词或代词之后，没有逗号分开。2.引导词：分为关系代词和关系副词。（1）关系代词引导的定语从句：

that:指代人、事物，作主语、宾语，做宾语时可以省略 who:指代人，做主语

whom:指代人，做宾语，可以省略。它在口语和非正式用语中常用who代替，可以省略 The man whowhom you met just now is my brother.which:指代事物，做主语、宾语。做宾语可以省略 whose:指代人、物，做定语，其后直接加名词 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.指物时常用以下结构代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.——The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired（2）关系副词引导的定语从句：

where：指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 Shai hai is the city where I was born

The house where I live ten years ago has been pulled down when: 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

I still remember the day when I first came to the school why: 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 注意: 关系副词引导的定语从句都可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来代替 Shai hai is the city wherein which I was born I still remember the day whenon which I first came to the school Please tell me the reason why for which you missed the plane 练习：

A letter------is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主语)Do you know the gentleman-----spoke just now? You can take anything----you like.（宾语）What is the question-----they are talking about? Here is the man-----you want to see.3.注意

(1)限制性定语从句中只能用that的几种情况：

A 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时，要用that Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said? There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.B 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰,如：firstlastnext等

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.C 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best film that I have seen.D 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy，After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ E 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? F 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? G 如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词宜用that。He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.（2）限制性定语从句中只能用who的情况：

A 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who(whom)。如：

Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？

B 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who(whom)。如：

Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那儿的人请来这边。

C 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，只能用who(whom)。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。D 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who(whom)。如：

There are students in our class who / whom you have met.我们班有些学生你见过。

E 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：

The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。

(3)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising

（三）．非限制性定语从句

1.含义：先行词和从句用逗号隔开，对所修饰你名词或代词等起补充说明的作用。如果去掉从句，并不影响它所修饰的先行词的意义。

2.引导词（1）关系代词：

指人：who :做主语，不可省略 ；whom:做宾语，不可省略 指物：which:做主语或宾语，不可省略（2）关系副词：

when where why as等

Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he 答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3.as和which 引导的非限制性定语从句

（1）as和which都可在句子中做主语或宾语，它们指代的是整个句子 He married her,aswhich is natural He is honest,aswhich we can see(2)as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之尾，还可分割整个主句，which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后;as有“正如，正想”之意 As is known to us，china is a developing country He is from south,which we can see from his accent

John ,as you know,is famous writer(3)作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语；而这时as 只可以做系动词be的主语。例如：

A)He married her, which was natural.（可用as代替which）他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。

B)He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which made him illustrious.(不可用as 代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。

It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it(4).在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am, is, are则这些系动词不能省略；而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。例如：

A)He is a teacher, as(is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)B)He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was不可省略)(5)当先行词有such,the same修饰时，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells This is the same book as I lost last week 注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

（四）引导词+介词引导的定语从句

关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语时，从句常用介词+关系代词引: The school whichthat he once studied is vert famous ——the school in which he once studied is very famous Tomorrow I will bring a book whichthat you ask for Tomorrow I will bring a book for which you ask 注意：

A:含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用。如：look at, look for, look after, take care of等 This is watch whichthat I looking for B:当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词指人是只能用whom,，关系代词指代物时，只能用which，关系代词是所有格时，用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend C:介词+定语从句，前面可有some any both each none neither 等代词或数词修饰 He love his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him There are forty students in our class,，most of whom are from cities 四．状语从句

一：时间状语从句

（一）when, while和as。

1.when引导从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词（一段时间），又可以是瞬时动词（一点时间）。when还含有“at that moment”的意思，引起的句子不能放在句首

When he heard the news，they were much surprised(从句的动作先于主句的动作)When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）

We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我们正在看电视，这时灯突然灭了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他们刚到家，这时天就开始下雨了。

2.while 从句的动作和主句同时发生，从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的。并且while有时还可以表示对比 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV I like playing football while you like playing basketball 3.as 从句的动作和主句同时发生。从句的谓语动词可是瞬时性的，也可是延续性的。从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用as，可译为“一边......，一边......” She came up as I was cooking.(延续性)The runners started as the gun went off.(瞬时性)He looked behind from to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。

As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer..随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。练习：

1.He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.(2006辽宁)

A.why B.where C.when D.while 2.— I’m going to the post office.— ____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?(1999)

A.As B.While C.Because D.If 3.____ the days went on, the weather got worse.(1990)

A.With B.Since C.While D.As 4.Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.(1992)

A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked

C.slipped;had looked D.was slipping;looked 如果主句的动作发生于表示“当……时”的时间状语从句中的动作的进行过程中，从句常用进行时。如： The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show.女房东怀疑在她看电视时曾有人闯入屋

5.I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.(2006安徽)

A.went;was occurring B.went;occurred C.was going;occurred D.was going;had occurred 6.It was some time ____ we realized the truth.(2005山东)

A.when B.until C.since D.before 7.— Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?

— He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word.(2006四川)

A.before B.until C.when D.after

（二）before 和after

before引导时间状语从句时表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后，如主句是将来时，从句中现在时,从句是过去时,主句用过去完成时。after引导时间状语从句时表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。

It will be some time before we know the results After we had finished dinner,we went home.重点：before 的用法

1.用于It + be + 时间段 + before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”，如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不多久……就”。

It will be five years before I come back.我五年后才能回来。

It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。

It won’t be long before they understand each other.他们不久就会互相了解的。

2.还有“趁……（还没有）”之意。例如：

They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。

Do it before you forget it.趁早动手，以免忘了 3.短语before long与long before的区别

before long是“很快，不久”的意思, 可以用于各种时态。如：

Before long, he went to America.不久，他就去了美国。

I hope to see you before long.我希望不久后再见到你。

而 long before是“很久以前”的意思，一般用在过去时或过去完成时的句子里。如： She said she had read the novel long before.她说她很久以前就读过这部小说。

（三）till和until

①until和till都可表示“直到．．．为止”，与主句中持续性动词的肯定式连用。He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我们吃完饭。

②当until和till表示“直到．．．才．．．．”时，通常与主句中短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。

I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。③be动词的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till连用。

④until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告诉我了我才知道。当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序： Not until she came back did I leave.= I didn’t leave until she came back.在强调句型中一般用until，不用till。如：

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a

1.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson.(2007天津)A.until B.after C.since D.when 2.They ____ the train until it disappeared in the distance.(1998)A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed 题干中的主句为肯定句，until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用，因此本题应选表示延续性动作的watched(其他选项中的saw，noticed，observed所表示的动作都不能延续，意味着结果)。3.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.(2006 A because B.since C.when D.until

（四）since的用法 1.连词

（1）表示“自从……以来”：

A:主句+since+非延续性动词

一般主句用现在完成时，从句用过去时,翻译：“某某自从…以来已经…了 He has studied very hard since he came to our school Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city B:主句+since+延续性动词或表示状态的动词

主句用现在完成时，从句用过去时，翻译：“某某自从没有…以来已经…了”

He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale.他自从从耶鲁大学毕业以来已经做了好几份工作。We all have been missing her since she lived here 自从她从这里搬走，我们就再也没见过她 He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。C:主句+since +延续性动词

主句是现在完成时，从句是现在完成时，翻译：“某某自从…以来…了’

Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。

He has never been to see me since I have been ill.自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。

He has never been to see me since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。

D：It be(一般式或完成式)＋表示一段时间的词汇＋since引导的时间状语从句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成为研究生已经有2年了。It was three years since we had been there.我们在那儿已呆了三年。

应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：

It is a long time since he didn’t study English.It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.正确的说法为：

It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。

You haven’t come to see me for two months.你有两个月没来看我了。（2）既然；因为

He must have taken the book since it isn't here.他一定是把书拿走了,因为书已不在这里了。

Since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天气这么热,我们去游泳吧。

2.介词：表示“自从……以来”，其具体用法有两种情况：

(1)since＋表示过去某个时间点的词汇(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点)。

They have been friends since childhood.他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。I have been there many times since the war.自那次战争以来，我曾去该地多次。(2)since＋表示一段时间的词汇＋ago。

I have been here since five months ago.五个月以来我一直在这里。

They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.(1989)A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned

（五）表示“一…就…”：as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…；表示“当…时候”： the time, the moment；by the time（到…时候为止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次…的时候), the last time(上次…的时候)，once（一旦…）

She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一听到声音就冲进房间 He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。

He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他还没说完就有人起来反驳他的论点 He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。注意：hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…

前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时。同时它们还可以倒装: No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.（六）表示习惯性、经常性：every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们 Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。

二．地点状语从句

地点状语从句一般由由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里），everywhere（每一个地方）引导的 He is ready to help wherever he is Put you son where you can see him Everywhere they want, they were warmly received 三．原因状语从句

（一）because since as for 1.because 表示的原因语气最强；通常放在主句之后，有时也放在主句之前；直接回答why 提出的问题；在强调句中只能用because；被not所否定时只能用because It because he was too careless that he failed 2.since和as表示的原因是人们事先已经知道的，是对已知事实提供理由，而不表示直接原因；since比as语气稍强，且比as略为正式，两者通常都放在主句之前 3.for是并列连词(其作三者为从属连词)，它有时可表示因果关系(只能放在主句之后，且可与because换用)，有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断(也只能放在主句之后，但不能与because换用)。

The ground is wet, for(或because)it rained last night.地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。

It rained last night, for(不能用because)the ground is wet this morning.昨晚下过雨，今天早上地面都是湿的(二)由now that，seeing that，considering that（由于…，既然…）

Seeing that it’s raining，we’d better stay indoors.既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。Now that you are here, you’d better stay.你既然来了，最好还是留下吧

Considering that she has no experience, she has done well enough.考虑到她没有经验，她已经做得不错了

四．条件状语从句

（一）if，unless

1.if引导的条件状语从句时，主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时；if引导条件状语从句的虚拟；if引导条件状语从句的省略

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.2.unless = if……not

You will never make rapid progress if you don’t work hard

You will never make rapid progress unless you work hard

（二）1.as（so）long as “只要……”As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay 只要你需要我，我就留下。as（so）long as 还可表示一段时间

Stay as long as you like。你愿留多久都可以。

So long as he lived, I didn’t feel that I have the right to see you between you.在他死之前，我觉得我没有权利介入你们之间

2.only if 与 if only。only if 意为“只要”，只用于真实条件句中，是if 的强调式；if only 有两个意思，一是表示“只要”，此时通常与陈述语气连用，与 only if 用法相似；二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”，此时多用于虚拟语气和感叹句中。

I will come only if you don’t promise to invite Mary.只要你答应不请玛丽，我就来。

If only it clears up, we’ll go.只要天晴，我们就去。

If only I hadn’t told him about it.要是我没有告诉他这事就好了 If only he will listen to you！他要是听你的话多好！3.as long as 与 only if 的区别

（1）从语气上看，only if 的语气要比as long as 强

（2）当主句和从句的谓语动词均为短暂性动词时，通常只用 only if，而不用 as long as。如：He will come only if you ask him.（3）两者均可引导从句置于主句之后，也可置于主句之前。但是，当only if 引导的状语从句置于主句之前时，其后的主句要用倒装语序，而且 as long as 引导的从句置于主句之前不用倒装。如：

As long as it doesn’t rain we can play.只要不下雨，我们就能玩。

Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。

（三）provided（providing）(that)，on condition that，given that，in case，suppose(supposing)等都有“如果”“假如”之意。

He will do the work providing you pay him 如果你给他钱，他就干活

I send you this book on condition that you pay in cash 假如你付现金，这架相机就卖给你

Given that he wins the support of the people, he will win the election.如果赢得人民的支持，他将取得竞选的胜利

Suppose you fail a second time, do not get disappointed, but try again 假如第二次失败，别灰心，再试试。

五． 让步状语从句

（一）although, though“虽然，尽管” 引导让步状语从句时，句中不能用but表示转折语气，但可跟yet，still表示转折

Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

（二）ever if, even though.“虽然，尽管，即使”We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.（三）“no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问词+后缀ever” ：意为“无论…”。No matter what happened, he would not mind.（1）“no matter +疑问词”不能引导名词性从句 Whatever you say is of no use now.Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么（2）注意however以下两类句型结构 ① however+主语+谓语：

However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days.不管你怎么走，至少要三天。② however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语：

However much he eats, he never gets fat.无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖。③ 有时该结构中的主语和谓语可以有所省略：

He was of some help, however small.他总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙。I refuse, however favorable the condition.不管条件多好，我都不接受。

（四）让步状语从句与倒装

引导倒装的让步状语从句通常用as和though，但不是能用although；as 可以在以上这样的倒装结构中引出让步状语，但若不倒装，则不能用as，而与之相反，although在不倒装的结构中可引导让步状语，但在倒装的结构中却不可以用。

（五）让步状语从句的虚拟语气

六．目的状语从句

（一）so that，in order that, so, that表示“以便；为了”，so that：如果主句是一般现在时，从句常与may，can，will连用；如果主句是一般过去时，从句常与could，should，would，might连用。

We learn English so that we can read English newspapers She came in quietly in order that she couldn’t wake up the baby

（二）least，in case，for fear that 表示“以防，以免”，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气

七．结果状语从句

（一）so that，so...that，such...that 1.so…that与such…that的区别在于：

（1）A such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that…

He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。

B such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that…

They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。

C such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that…

He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.注意：如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。如：

He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。（2）so…that也作“如此…以致”

so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容词或副词）

He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。

2.so that引导结果状语从句时，意思是“因此;所以”；在从句前常有逗号与主句分开；结果状语从句中没有情态动词；目的状语从句可移到句首，而结果状语从句不能。

Iohn went early, so that he got a good seat.约翰去的很早，得到了一个好位置。

Iohn went early so that he could get a good seat.约翰去的很早，为的是得到一个好位置。

The little boy saved every coin_________ __________he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day 八．方式状语从句

方式状态语从句常由as, as if/as though等。例如：

She acted as if/though nothing had happened.It looks as if it'll rain.as if/as though引导方式状语从句要用虚拟语气

第三篇：2017高考英语——名词性从句

2017年高考题

【2017·北京】23.Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever 【答案】B 代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除AD，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。考点：考查连词。【名师点睛】

主语从句 Subject Clauses(在主语的位置上)1.从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。

That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that„ Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference. It is known to us that he is a famous singer. It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本题中，whatever引导主语从句，同时作do的宾语。2.wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别

 区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思；wh-ever有肯定强调的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like. wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替换 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he„„

【2017·北京】26.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.A.why B.where C.how D.when 【答案】B 试题分析：A.why 为什么 B.where 在哪 C.how 如何 D.when什么时候。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案B。考点：考查连词。

【2017·江苏】26.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.A.that 【答案】C 【解析】

B.which

C.what

D.how

【名师点睛】

这里容易误判为定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构，需要注意的是，half of后面的价格是以前的价格。如果是定语从句，那么half of后面的价格则是$20的一半，即$10，再结合“down to”可知，原来的价格

高于$20，因此不是定语从句。

介词of后跟宾语，因此这里是宾语从句，通过分析句子成分可知，宾语从句缺少宾语，因此用what引导。

宾语从句

1.动词后的宾语从句 1)that引导的宾语从句

后常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice9 0rder, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish 等

2)wh-，if引导的宾语从句

后常接wh-，if引导的宾语从句的动词有advise，ask，discuss，doubt，find out，imagine，inform,1nquire, know, question, tell, understand, wonder，出scover等。3)“动词十间接宾语+宾语从句”

常使用此类结构的动词有advise，ask，inform，promise，question，remind，show，teach，tell，warn，assure等。

4)“动词+it十形容词／名词+that从句”

常见的后接it作形式宾语的动词有find，feel，think，believe，make，consider等。5)it作形式宾语的特殊句型

常见的有：see to it that...；hate it that...；owe it to sb.that...；take it for granted that.2.形容词后宾语从句

后常接宾语从句的形容词有：anxious，aware，certain，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, content, proud, annoyed, convinced，confident等。

3.介词后宾语从句

后常接宾语从句的介词有on，about，in，but，except等。4.宾语从句需要注意的问题

1)当主句是一般现在时或者一般将来时时，宾语从句可根据句子意思选择用所需要的时态。2)当主句是一般过去时时，宾语从句必须用相应的过去时态。

3)但是当宾语从句表达的是普遍真理或客观规律时，宾语从句时态不受主句时态限制而用一般现在时。4)当主句谓语是think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等，宾语从句的意义是否定时，not要转移到主句中；但当从句有否定意义的never，．seldom，hardly，scarcely等词时，否定词不转移。5)主句中谓语是think，believe，suppose，ex》ect，imagine，guess等，同时，wh-连词引导的表示疑问的宾语从句，应将连词wh-置于主句前面，主句若是疑问语序，从句语序不变。例 如：When do you think he will come back? Do you think when he will come back?(错句）

6)当主句动词是wish时，从句的时态要用虚拟语气；当主句的动词是suggest，demand，require等词时，从句要用可省略should的虚拟语气。

7)if常可代替whether，但是当从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。

8)引导宾语从句的that常可省略，但是当两个that从句由and或or连接时，第二个从句的that不能省略。考点：宾语从句

【2017·天津】4.She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.A.when B.where C.whether D.what 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析：句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候；B.在哪里；C是否；D.什么。根据句意，故选C 考点：考查宾语从句。

【名师点睛】本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的确定，首先确定连词的词义，然后根据句意判断出正确的连词，本句的句意很明显，确定为是否。

2016年高考题

1.【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A.However 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析：题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“________ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。考点：考查主语从句 【名师点睛】

主语从句 Subject Clauses(在主语的位置上)1.从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。

That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that„ Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference. It is known to us that he is a famous singer. It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本题中，whatever引导主语从句，同时作do的宾语。2.wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别

B.Whoever

C.Whatever

D.Wherever  区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思；wh-ever有肯定强调的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like. wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替换 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he„„

2.【2016·北京】29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A.what 【答案】B 【解析】 B.that

C.whether

D.why

考点：考查表语从句 【名师点睛】

表语从句 Predictive Clauses(在be动词 后)

1.从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是wh-的特殊疑问词。The fact is that she never liked him.The question is whether the movie is worth seeing.The question is who can complete the difficult task. This/That/It is because „

I think it is because you are doing too much. The reason why„is that„

The reason why the play is successful is that it appeals to many different people.2.只能用whether 的情况

* 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中 * 在介词后的宾语从句中 It all depends on whether they will support us.* 在不定式之前

He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.* 从句中有or not时

He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.3.【2016·江苏】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why 【答案】D 【解析】 B.what

C.as

D.that

【名师点睛】

that 引导主语从句：由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下被放到句子的后面，用it 作形式主语来代替它的位置。常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句的句型有三种。1.It + be + 形容词+that从句

适用于这种句型的常见形容词有：necessary，clear，true，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，obvious，surprising etc。

1)It’s clear that they badly need help。很明显，他们急需援助。

2)It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last.最终我们能完成这项工程是有可能的。

表语为 necessary，clear，true，strange, important, wonderful，possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容词时，谓语动词的形式一般为“should ＋ 动词原形”

3)It is necessary that you(should)master the computer.你很有必要掌握电脑。

4)It is strange that he should have killed himself.真奇怪，他竟然自杀了 2.It +be +名词词组+ that从句

常用于这种句型的名词词组有：a fact，a good idea，a pity，an hour，a shame，no wonder，good news etc.1)It’s a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。

2)―Tom has a bad cold.汤姆患了重感冒。

―It is no wonder that he looks pale.――难怪他看起来脸色苍白。

3)It is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen.他竟然偷钢笔，真是太丢脸了。shame 所用的句中要用虚拟语气。3.It + be+ 过去分词+ that从句

常有的过去分词有：said，reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。

1)It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。

2)It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades.据报道这两个国家就贸易问题达成协议。

过去分词表示：建议，命令，愿望如suggested，ordered，requested等词时，从句需用虚拟语气。动 词形式为：should ＋ 原型。

1)It is requested that Mr.Wang(should)give a performance.有人请求王先生表演一个节目。

2)It is suggested that we should discuss the problem.有人建议我们应该讨论一下这个问题。考点：考查主语从句

4.【2016·天津】11.The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.that C.which D.what 【答案】B 【解析】

试题分析：句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion 的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。故选 B。

考点：考查同位语从句。

【名师点睛】解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构，知道引导词的使用习惯。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分，来选择正确的引导词。连接同位语从句的连词主要有that, if, whether，和疑问词（what how where when...)。that引导表示陈述句的同位语从句，if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的同位语从句。判断是否是同位语从句，还可以用同位词+is+同位语从句，如果可以讲的通，一般就是同位语从句，例如这题中，可以改成The suggestion is that we should have an assistant.2015年高考题

1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A.what 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that

C.where

D.who

【考点定位】考查宾语从句。

【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由know引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词。因为从句部分缺少状语成分，答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.）的表达。2.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.A.that 【答案】A 【解析】 B.where

C.what

D.why

【考点定位】考查名词性从句。

【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种，宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的，要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称之为宾语从句。一般情况下，宾语从句可作谓语 的宾语，也可做主语的宾语。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。

3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.A.what 【答案】A 【解析】

试题分析：句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选A。【考点定位】考查名词性从句

【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句。表语从句是名词性从句的一种，名词性从句还包括主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。可以根据从句在句子中充当的成分来判断名词性从句的类型。isn’t后跟一个从句作表语，what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语；why和when作状语。介词for后缺少宾语，因此用what。4.【2015·浙江】6.If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.A.what

B.who

C.that D.whoever B.whom

C.why

D.when 【答案】A 【解析】

试题分析：句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水面下有什么？通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。此处的what指代的是树枝或石头，B选项和D选项用于指人，that 只有语法意义。句式上，该句用了(If 从句，祈使句)的句式，非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格所做的成分是主语。根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头，可以得出答案是what.【考点定位】考查宾语从句的连接词

【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由investigate引导的宾语从句，因为从句部分is 前面缺少成分，答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.）的表达。

5.【2015·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.A.when B.how 【答案】A 【解析】

试题分析：句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。

C.where D.why 根据句意选when。【考点定位】考查宾语从句。

【名师点睛】 宾语从句连接词的考查，宾语从句一共分为三类，一由that引导的宾语从句；二是由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,who,how引导的宾语从句，这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句充当某个成分。三由if或whether引导宾语从句。首先要根据句子结构来确实是哪一类，再根据具体的信息来确实用哪一个，是否符合当时的语境。

6.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which 【答案】B 【解析】

【考点定位】考查宾语从句

【名师点睛】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。通常情况下，宾语从句如果是由陈述句变来时用that引导；如果由一般疑问句变来则用whether/if；而由特殊疑问句变来则用特殊疑问词。通过四个选项，排除1、2两种情况。而特殊疑问词的选择则要求对句子的结构内容有着全盘的掌握。此句中，主语、宾语、定语并不缺少，故选项C、D是错误的，再根据句意，只有B最为恰当。

7.【2015·陕西】19.Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A.what B.that C.why D.how 【答案】A 【解析】

【考点定位】考查宾语从句

【名师点睛】宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句，再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。

8.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.A.where 【答案】B 【解析】

试题分析：考查宾语从句。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。--通过每天锻炼。故选C 【考点定位】考查宾语从句

【名师点睛】宾语从句算是高考中一个比较简单的考点，引导词主要的选择方法是看宾语从句的引导词在主句中做什么成分，不同的引导词表达的意思也不相同。通常宾语从句的前面会有一个及物动词，及物动词后面可以直接接上宾语，但是也要结合具体情况进行具体分析。

9.【2015·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.A.That B.Why C.Where D.How 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析：句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。【考点定位】名词性从句

【名师点睛】此题由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入，句子结构变得稍显复杂，因此要求考生能够排除结构干扰，看清考点还是考查名词性从句连接词的选择，然后根据“从句部分缺什么补什么的原则选则连接词”这一根本原则，同时结合句意，迅速锁定正确答案。

10.【2015·北京】35._____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A.Where B.How C.Why D.When 【答案】B 【解析】 B.how

C.why

D.If

【考点定位】主语从句。

【名师点睛】主语从句分多种，解题时要分析原题空中缺少的是何种状语。这类题考生首先要利用主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判别，尤其是连词在从句中的功能，由于引导主语从句的连词功能有所分别，较为容易抉择，但有的连词的形式一样，但具有不同意思，这就需要考生仔细甄别，充分利用与之相关内容或与其搭配相关词语的意思。

2014年高考英语分项解析精编版

专题10名词性从句

1.【2014·全国大纲卷】24.Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析：考查主语从句的连接词。句意：准确的说，土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定，但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。考点：考查主语从句的连接词。

【名师点睛】从句分多种，主语从句在考试中也是很常见的，要注意主语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当主语时，这个句子就称之为主语从句。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。从而来选出合适的连接词。

2.【2014·重庆卷】12.---Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?---Yeah, but I have no idea _______ he did it;that’s one of his favorite universities.A.when B.why C.that D.how 【答案】B 【解析】

项。故本题选择B项。why表示“原因”。考点：考查同位语从句的用法。【名师点睛】 一般来说，在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有：advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息), problem, question, doubt, thought等。本题中的idea可以跟同位语从句的名词，做好此类题先分析从句的成分，然后再选择适当的连接词。

3.【2014·北京卷】Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever C.wherever 【答案】A 【解析】

试题分析：本题考查宾语从句，考查方式为连接词。句意：有些人认为以前或现在正在发生的事情将来还会重复发生。根据题干信息，“过去发生或现在正发生的事情，将来仍然会重复”，宾语从句中缺少主语，并且指的是事件，所以选用A。考点：考查宾语从句的用法

【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种，宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的，要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称之为宾语从句。一般情况下，宾语从句可作谓语 的宾语，也可做主语的宾语。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。

4.【2014·北京卷】30.The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A.where C.how 【答案】B 【解析】

B.when B.whenever.D.however

D.why

考点：考查表语从句的连接词

【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句的用法，表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。表语从句是名词性从句的一种。表语从句的基本结构是“主语+ 连系动词+ 关联词+ 表语从句”。做此类题时应该分析句子成分，指出主语谓语，看缺少何种成分。

5.【2014·天津卷】14.I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A.what B.that C.which D.who 【答案】A 【解析】

试题分析：考查主语从句。句意：我认为关于他的画给我印象最深的是他使用的颜色。在主语从句中what做主语，指代物；that 只起连接作用，不做句子成分；which哪一个；who做主语，指代人；本从句中缺少主语，根据语境可知，物做主语。所以选A。考点：考查主语从句。

【名师点睛】本题考查学生对主语从句的掌握情况。主语从句是在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语。所以做此类题时看题中是否缺少成分，在选择连接词。

6.【2014·山东卷】7.It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.A.where B.what C.which D.why 【答案】B 【解析】

试题分析：imagine后需要一个宾语，“life was like„”做imagine的宾语需要一个不做句子成分的引导词，同时这个句子中like缺少宾语，所以空格处缺少一个兼词what。句意为：很难想象古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。故答案选B。考点：考查宾语从句的用法。

【名师点睛】本题考查学生对宾语从句的掌握情况，宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.What, whatever,引导名词性从句，且在名词性从句中作主语，宾语，表语，做题时看句子中是否缺少成分。然后判断出答案。7.【2014·江西卷】28.Among the many dangers_--sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A.which B.what C.where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】

考点：考查定语从句

【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句中which的用法，which所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等也就是说做题时要注意句子中是否缺少主语。宾语等成分，然后判断关系代词，学生要注意分析定语从句在不同情况下的应用，才能面对更多的题型。

8.【2014·四川卷】2.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.” A.when

B.how

C.why

D.where 【答案】D 【解析】

试题分析: A何时；B谁；C为什么；D哪儿。系动词is后是表语从句，四个选项均为连接副词，故判断缺少状语，根据题干中给出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知“奶奶”说的是出生的地点，故答案选D。句意：奶奶指着医院说，“那就是我出生的地方。” 考点：考查表语从句的用法。

【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句的用法，表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。表语从句是名词性从句的一种。表语从句的基本结构是“主语+ 连系动词+ 关联词+ 表语从句”。做此类题时应该分析句子成分，指出主语谓语，看缺少何种成分。

9.【2014·福建卷】34.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing you're afraid to do.A.that B.what C.how D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】

【知识拓展】

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether，和疑问词（what，how，where，when...)。

考点：考查宾语从句。

【名师点睛】本题考查学生对宾语从句的掌握情况，宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.What引导名词性从句，且在名词性从句中作主语，宾语，表语，做题时看句子中是否缺少成分。学生必须仔细斟酌句子成分，然后再作判断。

10.【2014·江苏卷】26.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame, mum.I am ________ you have made me.A.how 【答案】B 【解析】

试题分析：考查名词性从句用法。本题考查的是表语从句，注意动词make后接双宾语，即make sb.sth.故用关系词what来引导。句意：——怎么这么乱啊！你总是这么懒！——我不应该受到责备，妈妈。我是你使得我这样的。故B正确。考点：考名词性从句用法

【名师点睛】本题考查考生对名词性从句的掌握情况，做名词性从句的题时，先划分句子结构，找出从句是什么，然后看主句完整不完整，如果主句不完整，就是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句三者之一；如果主句完整，就是同位语从句。这里就是一个表语从句，从句子成分中分析出正确答案。

11.【2014·陕西卷】15.________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A.Why 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：考查主语从句。句意：被延误的航班何时起飞依天气而定。题干中主句的谓语动词为depends，为此前面是主语从句。Why在主语从句中做原因状语；when在主语从句中作时间状语；that在主语从句中不做任何成分；what在主语从句中作主语或宾语。根据语境判断主语从句中缺少时间状语，故选B.When

C.That

D.What B.what

C.that

D.who B。

考点：考查主语从句

【名师点睛】本题考查考生对主语从句，主语从句是在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。本题 when在主语从句中作时间状语，所以做此类题时看题中是否缺少成分，再选择连接词。

12.【2014·湖南卷】24.As John Lennon once said，life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A.which 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that C.what

D.where

考点：考查名词性从句用法

【名师点睛】本题考查考生对名词性从句的掌握情况，定语从句作用相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词或整个句子，同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容的句子。本题中说的那个 “句子中宾语或主语用一个句子来代替就是该种从句”用一个句子来代替宾语或主语，那就属于主语从句或宾语性从句了。所以做题时仔细分析题干，才能更好地做好题。

13.【2014·浙江卷】8.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me.A.what

B.how

C.that

D.whether 【答案】A 【解析】

【知识拓展】这四个词在引导表语从句的区别：what引导的表语从句，它在从句中作主语或宾语；how引导的表语从句，它在从句中作状语；that引导的表语从句，它在从句不做成分，没有词义；whether引导的表语从句，它在从句中作主语或宾语不做成分，但是有“是否”的含义。考点：考查表语从句。

【名师点睛】本题考查考生对表语从句的掌握情况，表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。

表语从句由关联词+简单句构成。表语从句就是一个句子在整个句子中处于表语的位置，通常情况下放在系动词之后。英语中的系动词不多，放在系动词后面的句子、单词、词组通常作的是表语。最常见的系动词是be动词。所以做题时仔细分析题干，才能更好地做好题。

2013年高考英语试题分类汇编之单项填空

专题10—名词性从句

1.【2013浙江】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A.how B.that C.which D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】

试题分析：考查名词性从句。此处是由that引导的同位语从句，指代belief的具体内容，同时从句中不缺少成分，所以用that引导，这里选B项。

【名师点睛】同位语从句和定语从句不一样，同位语从句是对同位词内容的说明不是修饰，同位语从句的that不能省略。定语从句引导词that在从句中做成分，做宾语的时候可以省略。注意二者的区别。2.________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A.When B.How C.What D.That 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析：考查名词性从句。此处you said 需要宾语。describes a bright future for the company需要主语，只有what能满足要求。句意：你会上所说的话是对公司发展前景的一个很好的描述。

【名师点睛】考查名词性从句的连接词要学会分析句子成分。如果主语从句缺少主宾表，用what连接主语从句，如果不缺成分，用that连接，引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分，只起到连接的作用。3.It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.A.that B.which C.what D.Whether 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语，所填词引导的从句作真正的主语，引导词在从句中不作成分，但其意思是：是否，用whether引导，故选D。句意：新成立的委员会的政策是否能够付诸实施还有待观察。

【名师点睛】主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。根据句意可知需要whether，而且It remains to be seen whether可以当成固定句型记忆。

4.________struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.A．That B．It C．What D．Which 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析：考查名词性从句。________ struck me most 是主语从句，在这个从句中缺主语，因此用what引导。

【名师点睛】看到名词性从句的题目首先判断是什么名词性从句。其次看从句的成分。如果从句缺少主宾表，用what连接，如果不缺成分，用that连接，引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分，只起到连接的作用，学生要会分析句子成分。

5.Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A.which 【答案】D 【解析】 B.where

C.how

D．what 的数量，故选D。句意：警察已经找到了好像是失踪的古代雕像的东西。

【名师点睛】看到名词性从句的题目首先判断是什么名词性从句。其次看看从句的成分。根据found可知后面是宾语从句。宾语从句缺少主语，用what连接，如果不缺成分，用that连接，只起到连接的作用，不做成分。

6.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.A.how B.that

C.which

D.where 【答案】A 【解析】

【名师点睛】解答名词性从句的题目首先判断是什么名词性从句。其次看看从句的成分。根据tell可知后面是宾语从句。宾语从句中形容词close前面缺少修饰语。用how对它进行修饰。

7.It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.A.what B.whose C.which D.that 【答案】D 【解析】

试题分析：考查名词性从句。句中的it是形式主语，________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away是真正的主语，用引导词that。句意：非常高兴知道，我们不在的时候这些狗会被照顾得很好。【名师点睛】主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分，只起到连接的作用。

8.________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A.That B.Which C．Whether D．What 【答案】D 【解析】

试题分析：考查名词性从句中主语从句连接词的用法。分析句子结构知，此句的谓语是is，其前是主语从句，从句中谓语动词want后缺宾语，故用what引导名词性从句。句意：我想告诉你的是我对我父母的深深的爱和尊敬。

【名师点睛】如果主语从句缺少主宾表，用what连接主语从句，如果不缺成分，用that连接，引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分，只起到连接的作用，学生要会分析句子成分。表语从句也是这样。9.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________ about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.A．why B．how C．because D．whether 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查表语从句。语境中“地球表面约71%被水覆盖”和“从太空上看，地球是蓝色的”之间是因果关系，故用because引导表语从句。

【名师点睛】连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等。还有如because, as if, as though等。解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。10.________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A.That B.What C.Who D.Which 【答案】B 【解析】

试题分析：考查名词性从句的连接词。is之前为主语从句，该从句缺主语，指的是事物，所以选B。【名师点睛】主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。连接主语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether，和疑问词（what how where when...)。that引导表示陈述句的主语从句，if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”，引导一般疑问句。连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what, whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等.11.Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.A.why B.where C.that D.what 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析：考查名词性从句的连接词。believe后的宾语从句陈述的是一个事实，并且从句中不缺成分，所以只需填入关系词that即可。

【名师点睛】宾语从句属于名词性从句一种，宾语从句中的连接词that, whether, if在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；连接代词who(ever), which(ever), whom(ever)，whose(ever)，what(ever)在句中做主语，宾语，表语和定语；连接副词when, why, where, how，在句中做状语。应从上下句的句法关系着手分析，同时注意宾语从句的语序问题。

第四篇：高考英语一轮复习1名词性从句教学案

专题11 名词性从句

考纲展示 命题探究

考点一 主语从句

基础点

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通过放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

主语从句的连接词

在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。连接主语从句的连接词主要有三类：从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。

(1)从属连词

从属连词主要有两个that, whether；从属连词在从句中不作任何成分。That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要来参加会议使我们每一个人都十分激动。Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.你是否能成功取决于你自己。

特别提醒

if一般(不在句首)引导主语从句。that引导主语从句不能省略。(2)连接代词

连接代词在从句中起名词的作用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，一般表示疑问。who谁，whom谁(宾格)，whose谁的，what什么，which哪一个，whoever无论是谁，whomever无论是谁(宾格)，whosever无论是谁的，whatever无论是什么，whichever无论是哪一个。

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么还不清楚。

Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得这个奖品。

特别提醒

主语为从句时，谓语动词一般要用单数形式；但如果what引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念时，谓语动词则常用复数形式。

What we need is water.我们所需要的是水。

What we need are useful books.我们所需要的是有用的书。(3)连接副词

连接副词在从句中起副词的作用，作状语，一般表示疑问，但有时不表示疑问。when什么时候，where在哪里，why为什么，how如何，whenever无论是什么时候，wherever无论在哪里，however无论如何。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布。

Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它们为什么突然消失还是个谜。

重难点

it作形式主语的主语从句

(1)It＋be＋adj.＋主语从句。常用于该句型的adj.有： necessary必要的 likely可能的 clear清楚的 important重要的 possible可能的 right正确的 wrong错误的 strange奇怪的 natural自然的 certain肯定的 obvious明显的

It_is_quite_clear_that the whole project is to fail.很清楚，整个项目就要失败。

典例1 It is by no means clear ________the president can do to end the strike.[答案] what 句意：总统可以采取什么措施来结束罢工一点儿都不清楚。此句中it是形式主语，代替后面的真正的主语从句，故设空处应填能够引导主语从句的连接词，由于从句中及物动词do后缺少宾语，故应使用连接代词what。

(2)It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋主语从句。常用于该句型的名词或名词词组有： shame遗憾

pity可惜

hope希望 no wonder难怪 good news好消息

It_is_a_shame_that we should have lost such an important customer.真遗憾我们失去了一位如此重要的客户。

It_is_our_hope_that the two sides will work together.我们的希望是双方能够合作。

(3)It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句。常用于该句型的过去分词有：

said据说

believed被相信

reported据报道 thought被认为 known所知

It_is_said_that our school will hold a sports meet next week.据说我们学校下周要举行运动会。

It_has_been_decided_that they should start the project next month.他们要在下个月开始这项工程已经定下来了。

(4)It＋特殊动词/动词短语＋主语从句。常用于这种结构的特殊动词/动词短语有： seem看上去

appear显得

happen碰巧 matter重要 turn out结果是

It_happened_that a lion was hiding nearby.刚好有一头狮子躲在旁边。

Does it_matter_that I won't attend the meeting tomorrow? 明天我不去参加会议要紧吗？

典例2 It doesn't matter ________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.[答案] whether 句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是右转都没关系——两条路都通往公园。It是形式主语，设

空处应填入引导主语从句的连接词，从句后半部分的连词or提示本题为whether...or...结构，表示“是……还是……”。

典例3 It's no longer a question now ________man can land on the moon.[答案] that 句意：现在人类登上月球不再是问题。考查名词性从句，it为形式主语，后面的从句是真正的主语。由于引导词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，故用that。

[考法综述] 了解名词性从句的基本用法，掌握各引导词的用法，辨析that与what，掌握it作形式主语的常见结构。

命题法 考查主语从句的引导词

典例1 ________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.[答案] How 句意：我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知，________we understand things 在句中作主语，是主语从句，根据句意可知，此处应用连接副词how。

典例2 What Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.________________________________________________________ [答案] What→Where 依据语境可知，此处指有些人对大诗人李白的出生地存在质疑，分析句子结构可知，What Li Bai，...was born在句中作主语且其中只缺状语，因此改为Where，引导主语从句。what引导名词性从句要在从句中作主、宾或表语。

【解题法】(1)掌握各引导词在意义和功能上的差别。

(2)在语篇型语法填空中，考查名词性从句的引导词是不给提示词的，考生要分析句子结构，找出主语部分，分析引导词在从句中所作成分和表达的意义。

(3)在短文改错中，考查引导词的错用，掌握相似引导词的差别，如what和that等。从引导词在从句中所作成分和意义入手。

A．单句填空

1．Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.答案 when [句意：马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定，但有可能是在1565年左右。由句意可知，后一分句是来补充说明前一分句中的不确定的内容的，根据“around 1565”可知是对时间进行提问，因此用when引导前面的主语从句。] 2．I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.答案 what [句意：我认为他的画给我印象最深的是他对色彩的运用。what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的”。] 3．Some people believe________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案 what/whatever [句意：一些人认为，不管是以前发生的还是现在发生的事情都会在将来重现。此处“________has happened before or is happening now”是主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填what/whatever。] 4．________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案 When [句意：延误的飞机何时起飞很大程度上取决于天气状况。根据句意填连接副词When。] 5．________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.答案 What [句意：使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。What在此处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。] 6．________you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.答案 Whether [句意：你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。此处为主语从句，if表示“是否”且于句首时不引导主语从句。根据句意可知应用Whether。] 7．It suddenly occurred to me ________I hadn't locked my door.答案 that [句意：我突然想起我没锁门。it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。It occurs to sb.that意为“某人突然想起……”。] 8．As the spokeswoman said，________we should take action against them depends on what they will do.答案 whether [句意：正如女发言人所说的那样，我们是否应该针对他们采取行动取

决于他们将会怎么做。本空需要用连接词引导主语从句，表示“是否”，因此用whether引导。] 9．—What made her so happy? —________her son passed the college entrance examination.答案 That [句意：——是什么使她这么快乐？——她儿子通过高考了。答语为that引导的主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。] 10．________will matter is not how many books you read, but how much you learn when you finish reading them.答案 What [句意：重要的不是你读了多少书，而是你读完书后学到了多少。从句子结构看，is前面是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用What。] B．单句改错

1．That you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.________________________________________________________ 答案 That→What [句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前途。分析句子结构可知，引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故用What, That引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分。] 2．It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意：这个新成立的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It 作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句“that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”；再根据句意可判断，此处表示“是否”，故改为whether, that无意义。] 3．It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.________________________________________________________ 答案 It→What [句意：这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。“It struck me most in the movie”为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“所……的”，故用What，It不引导从句。] 4．Which one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.________________________________________________________ 答案 Which→Whichever [句意：你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。根据题干中one of you可知，空处要用whichever修饰one, 指“你们中的任何一个人”。which指哪一个，表达疑问，故改为whichever。] 5．It doesn't matter how many times you fail;that matters is how many times you stand up and try again.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：你失败多少次都不要紧；要紧的是你有多少次站起来并再次尝试。分析句子成分可知，“that matters”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what引导。that不作成分。]

6．We have learned from the story that which is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives.________________________________________________________ 答案 which→what [“which is most valuable”是主语从句，在宾语从句中作主语，根据语境可知，该主语从句缺少主语且表示事物，故用what。which指某一范围中的哪个或哪些。] 7．It was never clear that the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→why [句意：不清楚这个人为什么不早一点报告那起事故。此处需要连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作原因状语，why表示“为什么……”。故把that改为why。] 8．—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals.—It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [答句表示“我根本就没想到你能说服他改变自己的看法”，句中It作形式主语，这里应该用that引导主语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成份，也无意义。故把what改为that。]

考点二 宾语从句

基础点

在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句(Object Clause)。宾语从句可分为三类：动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句、形容词后的宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词

I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师求助。I wonder whether/if it is true.我想知道它是否是真的。

I wonder what I can do for you.我不知道能为你做些什么。

He didn't tell me when we would meet again.他没告诉我什么时候我们再相见。

Could you please show me how you operate the machine? 你能给我展示一下如何操作这台机器吗？

I don't know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该信任谁。

典例1 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________he could have expressed it differently.[答案] that 句意：杰瑞不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。从句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的宾语，连接词that在从句中不作成分。故填that。

特别提醒

that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①当that从句作介词的宾语时；②动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略；③宾语从句前有插入语时；④that引导的从句位于句首时。

I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.除了他来自乡下以外，我对他一无所知。

He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.他说他非常喜欢雨，下雨天他都不愿打伞。

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。That our team will win, I believe.我相信我们队会赢。

一般来说，能引导主语从句的连接词都能引导宾语从句。

表疑问的宾语从句需要运用陈述句语序，但个别宾语从句本应运用陈述语序，但由于习惯而仍保持原疑问语序不变。

I don't know what is the matter with the machine.我不知道这台机器怎么了。2 动词后接宾语从句的用法

(1)大多数及物动词及动词短语后可接宾语从句。

We should keep in mind that there is no short cut to learning.我们应当牢记，学习是没有捷径的。(2)用it作形式宾语的宾语从句。

一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：

find发现

feel感觉

think认为 consider考虑 believe相信 guess猜测 suppose假定，设想 make使得

I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天喝大量开水是有必要的。

The teacher made it a rule that all the cleaning should be finished before 7：30 every morning.老师规定每天早晨7：30之前所有的清扫工作必须结束。

(3)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”，“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。

I hate it_when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。

I would appreciate it_if you can help me.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。

典例2 You can always rely on________Jack says, as he never tells a lie.[答案] what 句意：你完全可以相信杰克的话，因为他从不说谎。what引导宾语从句作rely on的宾语，what在从句中作says的宾语。介词后接宾语从句的用法

(1)一般情况下介词后只能接wh­类连接词引导的宾语从句。He'll talk to us about what he saw in the USA.他将给我们讲述他在美国的见闻。

典例3 When she was awake, she found that she was standing on________seemed to be a piece of stone.[答案] what 句意：当她醒来时，她发现自己好像正站在一块石头上。stand on后接宾语从句，宾语从句缺少引导词和主语，what在宾语从句中作主语，that引导的从句一般不作介词宾语。故填what。

(2)in, but, except 等少数几个介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句，但此时介词和that已形成固定搭配，即in that因为，but that要不是，except that除了。

The high income tax is harmful in_that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税很高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿意多赚钱。He would have failed but_that you helped him.若不是你帮助他，他会失败的。(but that意为“若不是，要不是”)4 形容词后接宾语从句的用法

(1)表示情感的形容词后可接宾语从句，如：afraid, certain, glad, pleased, sure, surprised, sorry, happy, confident, anxious, aware, convinced, determined, proud, worried, thankful, ashamed, annoyed, disappointed, hurt, content等。

I'm very pleased that all of your family will come.我很高兴你们全家都会来。

I'm sure that they'll make it in spite of the terrible weather.我确信尽管天气很不好，但他们会准时到达的。

(2)sure后宾语从句的连接词that, whether, if的选择。

当be sure用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句的连接词常用that；当be sure用于否定

句时，其后的宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if。

Are you sure that I won't bother you if I sit beside you? 你确定我坐在你旁边不会打扰你吗？

I am not sure whether I should write to him or not.我不确定要不要给他写信。

重难点 宾语从句的时态

(1)主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。

He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday.他说他从周一至周五都在学校学习。

He will tell us what happened to him during our absence.他会告诉我们我们不在的期间他出了什么事的。

(2)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon.那个男孩说周日下午没有课。

My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in.我的语文老师问我他进来时我是否在读《红与黑》这本书。

(3)如果从句表示客观事实或真理，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时。

As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own.I didn't believe it.孩提时，人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光，我不相信。

特别提醒

学习宾语从句的时态的有关知识时要注意：若主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，从句的谓语动词须根据需要选用相应的时态；若主句的谓语动词用一般过去时，则从句的谓语动词也应用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)；若从句的内容为客观事实、格言、谚语、真理等，从句的谓语动词的时态不受动词时态一致性原则的限制，仍然用一般现在时；若从句的内容为历史事实，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。宾语从句的否定转移

(1)主句主语是第一人称，谓语动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等后面的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。

I don't_think I can remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在两小时内记住这100个单词。I don't_suppose that he likes it.我想他不喜欢它。

(2)含有否定转移的句子变反意疑问句时有两种情况：若主句主语是第一人称，简短问

句的主语和谓语应分别与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；若主句主语不是第一人称，简短问句的主语和谓语应分别与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。

I don't_think(that)he is interested in that thing, is he? 我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，是吗？

You don't_imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你认为他没有通过这次考试，是吗？

“I don't think/believe/suppose/expect so.”是常见的表达，但是没有“I don't hope/guess so.”，正确的表达应为“I hope/guess not.”。

[考法综述] 考查宾语从句主要集中在对引导宾语从句的各引导词的考查上，以及it作形式宾语的宾语从句的考查。

命题法 考查宾语从句的引导词

典例1 I truly believe ________beauty comes from within.[答案] that 句意：我真的相信美是发自内心的。分析句子结构可知，________beauty comes from within在句中作believe的宾语，是宾语从句，不缺少句子成分，故填that。

典例2 As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly what thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→how 根据语境和形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故把what改为how。

【解题法】(1)分析句子结构，找出主句谓语，判断从句类别。掌握各引导词在意义、功能上的差别。

(2)在语篇型语法填空中，要分析设空处在从句中的成分和意义，结合整个主句的结构和意义，从而找到合适的引导词。

(3)在短文改错中，先分析主句结构，再分析从句的类别，熟记各引导词的特点，找出使用错误的引导词，并改正。

A．单句填空

1．The exhibition tells us ________we should do something to stop air pollution.答案 why [句意：该展览告诉我们为什么我们要采取措施阻止空气污染。根据句意以及句子结构可知，空格处用why引导宾语从句。] 2．—I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.答案 how [根据答语“By working out every day”可知，空格处用how 来引导宾语从句，表示方式。] 3．Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.答案 what [句意：读着她的自传，我对Doris Lessing 在文学上已经取得的成就赞叹不已。根据句子结构来判断，for后接一个宾语从句，而从句中缺少宾语，所以要用what。] 4．We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案 when [句意：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故填when。] 5．Susan made it clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself.答案 that [句意：苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己开始一种新的生活。it为形式宾语，设空处引导的宾语从句为真正的宾语。从句结构和句意完整，故用that。] 6．After a long journey, those young men finally reached ________they called the paradise.答案 what [句意：长途跋涉后，这些年轻人最终到达了他们称之为天堂的地方。“________they called the paradise”是宾语从句，作reach的宾语，在从句中call缺宾语，故用what引导宾语从句同时作从句中call的宾语。] 7．The 3G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to________wants to get the information through the Internet quickly.答案 whoever [句意：3G手机对于那些想要快速浏览网络获取信息的人来说一定是非常方便实用的。whoever引导宾语从句作介词to的宾语，且whoever在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。] 8．John seemed puzzled about________the question meant.答案 what [句意：John 对这个问题意味着什么感到很迷惑。根据句子的结构判断，about后接的是一个宾语从句，而从句中meant缺少宾语，所以填what。] 9．Mom often phones me, asking________I am getting along with my studies.答案 how [句意：母亲常给我打电话，问我学习进展如何。此处asking 后为宾语从句，根据句意可知，应填how。] 10．Are you sure________Mr Li will come to your birthday party? 答案 that [句意：你确定李先生要来参加你的生日晚会吗？空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作成分，故用that引导。] B．单句改错

1．It is difficult for us to imagine that life was like for slaves in the ancient world.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。What...be like为固定形式，表示“……是什么样子”。what引导的宾语从句作imagine的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中作介词like的宾语。] 2．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing that you're afraid to do.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：振作起来。勇气就是做你害怕要去做的。分析句子结构可知，doing后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故用what。that在名词性从句中不作成分。] 3．Police have found where appears to be the lost ancient statue.________________________________________________________ 答案 where→what [句意：警察已经找到了与丢失的古代的雕像类似的东西。分析句子结构可知，用what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。where是副词，不作主语。] 4．Experts believe why people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意：专家们相信，人们只有在必要时才去购物就能减少食物浪费。根据句意和结构可知，believe后面要求接宾语从句，而且从句中不缺句子成分，也无意义，所以用that。] 5．Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in which they are wearing.________________________________________________________

答案 which→what [句意：有些人太过在意自己的外表，总是问(别人)自己穿在身上的衣服看起来是否不错。分析句子结构，再结合句意“他们所穿的衣服”应使用连词what引导这一宾语从句，what在从句中作wear的宾语，指代人穿的衣服。which在引导名词从句时意为“哪一个”，不合题意，故把which改为what。] 6．Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize what diverse the American culture is.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意：只有当你亲自来到纽约时，你才会意识到美国文化是多么不同。根据how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋其他部分可知，应用how。故把what改为how。] 7．The bride and groom gave who attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.________________________________________________________ 答案 who→whoever [句意：新郎和新娘给任何一个参加他们婚礼的人发礼物以分享他们的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“who attended their wedding”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，意为“无论谁”，而who意为“谁”，表疑问。] 8．—Dad, I want to go out for dinner with my friends tonight.—Keep in mind when you have to be home by 9：00.________________________________________________________ 答案 when→that [句意：——爸爸，今晚我想和朋友们一起出去吃饭。——记住你9点前必须回家。keep in mind that...是习惯用语，意为“记住……”，其中that引导的从句作keep的宾语。故把when改为that。] 9．This still leaves the question of that local public services should be improved in the next five years.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→how [句意：未来五年地方公共服务应该如何改进的问题仍然遗留下来。应用how引导的从句作介词of的宾语，且how在从句中作方式状语。how意为“如何”，that无意义。故把that改为how。] 10．He seems too tired today, and I wonder that he got a good sleep last night.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→if/whether [句意：他今天似乎太累了，我想知道他昨天晚上是否睡得好。宾语从句表示是否，动词后可用if或whether, that无意义，故把that改为if/whether。]

考点三 表语从句和同位语从句

基础点

一、表语从句

在句子中作表语的从句称为表语从句(Predicative Clause)。引导表语从句的连接词主要有：从属连词that, whether;连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等。此外，表语从句还可用because和as if/as though等连接词引导。表语从句的连接词

从属连词在句中只起连接作用，不作成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。

从属连词：that，whether 连接代词：what，who，whose，which，whatever，whoever，whosever，whichever等

连接副词：how，when，where，why等

The question is whether you can afford it.问题是你是否买得起。

Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.我们的计划是一周去那里一次。That's what he said.那就是他说的话。

Your big opportunity is right where you are now.好机会就在你眼前。

特别提醒

if不引导表语从句；that引导表语从句一般不省略。

典例1 —When choosing furniture, you only focus on function while I think more about the design.—That's ________we differ.[答案] where 句意：——在选择家具时，你只注重功能而我更注重设计。——那正是我们不同的地方。考查表语从句。where在从句中作状语。as if/as though引导的表语从句

此类表语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，常跟在一些连系动词后面，如： seem似乎

look看起来

taste尝起来 sound听起来 feel摸起来 appear好像

It seemed as_though it had happened yesterday.那件事好像昨天发生的一样。

It looks as_if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。

特别提醒

as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常位于系动词(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若从句所述的是事实或是极有可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。考生要仔细体会其中的语境差别。

I felt as_if we had_known each other for years.我感觉好像我们已经认识多年了。

She looks as_if she has_been_working hard for a long time.她看起来好像努力工作了很长时间。3 because, why也可引导表语从句

because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause。常用于以下句型： This/That is why...这/那是……的原因 This/That is because...这/那是因为……

This is why we missed the early bus.这就是我们错过了早班车的原因。That's because he is ill.那是因为他生病了。

特别提醒

当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般用that引导，不能用why或because，这种用法常见于以下句型：

The reason why...is that...……的原因是……

The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来晚了是因为起床晚了。

二、同位语从句 在句中作同位语的从句，称作同位语从句。同位语从句常位于下列名词之后，如： advice建议

demand要求

doubt怀疑 fact事实 hope希望 idea主意

information信息 message消息 news消息 whisper低语 order命令 problem问题 promise诺言 question问题 request请求 suggestion建议 truth事实 wish愿望 word消息 conclusion结论 thought想法

The_news_that we won the game was exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

The_suggestion_that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。

I have no_idea_when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他们什么时候回来定居。2 同位语从句的引导词

(1)常用的引导词有：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。if一般不引导同位语从句

在同位语从句中that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否”，其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。

The_fact_that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.有一些国家仍然贫穷对整个世界来说是一个大问题。

The_question_why so many people would choose to live in the countryside is still under discussion.为什么如此之多的人愿意到乡下去居住仍然在讨论中。

典例2 I made a promise to myself________this year, my first year in high school, would be different.[答案] that 句意：我向自己保证：今年——我高中的第一年——将会是不同寻常的一年。分析句意可知，空格处引导的是同位语从句，解释说明promise的内容，并且此从句结构和意义完整，故用that引导。

(2)what也可引导同位语从句

I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.我给了这个女孩一个大洋娃娃，那正是她渴望拥有的东西。(3)分隔式同位语从句

有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语部分提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。

My_wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.我要给父母买一间大房子的愿望终有一天会实现的。

典例3 The notice came around two in the afternoon________the meeting would be postponed.[答案] that 句意：下午两点左右，有人通知说会议要推迟了。分析句子结构可知，“________the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句，该从句解释说明notice的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，所以用that引导。此处谓语较短，从句较长，为避免“头重脚轻”而将从句放在了谓语部分之后，形成了分隔式同位语从句。故填that。

重难点 后边不能直接跟that从句的动词

这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。

(√)I admire their winning the match.我羡慕他们赢了比赛。

(×)I admire that they won the match.2 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句”结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。

(√)He impressed the manager as an honest man.他给经理的印象是个诚实人。

(×)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.3 wh­与wh­ever引导名词性从句的区别

连接词what, which, who分别表示“……的东西或事情”、“哪一个”、“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever, whichever, whoever分别相当于anything that, any...that, anyone who意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。试比较：

What you choose to wear should be clean.你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。

Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.无论你选择穿什么，你的衣服应该是干净的。

特别提醒

如何判断是用wh­还是用wh­ever引导名词性从句？

做题时，我们要认真分析语境，看看句子要表达什么意思，如果表示任何一个人或事物，无范围可言，就用wh­ever；如果有疑问的含义，且指的是具体的人或物，就用wh­。wh­ever和no matter wh­的区别

wh­ever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，如：whatever, whichever, whoever等；而no matter wh­只能引导让步状语从句，如：no matter what, no matter where, no matter who等。

I will give this dictionary to whoever can win the first prize in the English

contest.我将把这本字典赠给在英语比赛中获得一等奖的人。(宾语从句)Whoever/No_matter_who can win the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖，我都会把这本字典给他。(让步状语从句)

[考法综述](1)对表语从句的考查通常是以引导词的选择为主，所以正确分析表语从句的结构相当重要。先确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，如果完整就用that，且that不能省略；如果不完整，确定所缺成分，然后结合句意选定答案。弄清从句中的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的也很重要。如果从句中的谓语是不及物动词，那么后面的部分是状语，再根据缺少的意思来选定答案。

(2)解答考查同位语从句的题目时，一定先要找出从句解释说明的那个名词，然后根据从句的意思和从句的结构判断从句所缺的引导词：

①从句意思和成分都完整就用that引导，此时要注意that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别。

②从句成分完整，但意思不完整，就用whether(是否)，切记此时不能用if代替whether。③从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则应用连接代词。根据句子所要表达的意思进一步选择用哪一个连接代词。

④从句缺少地点状语、时间状语、方式状语或原因状语时，则分别用连接副词where, when, how, why。

命题法1 考查表语从句

典例1 A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.[答案] what 句意：船泊港湾固然安全，可那不是造船的初衷。but连接的并列句中that's后应为表语从句，________ ships are built for表示为什么目的而造船，what for结构与句子意思相符。

典例2 As John Lennon once said, life is that happens to you while you are busy making other plans.________________________________________________________ [答案] that→what 句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。此处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，把that改为what。

【解题法】 表语从句的解题思路

(1)找出主句的动词、系动词之后，为表语从句分析从句意义和结构，利用各引导词的特点。

(2)在语篇型语法填空中，主要考查引导词。找出空前的系动词确定是表语从句，分析所填词在从句中的成分和意义。

(3)在短文改错中，主要考查引导词的错用、漏用和多余。掌握that与what的区别，以及who与whoever等词的区别。分析句子成分，结合句意。

命题法2 考查同位语从句

典例3 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.[答案] why 句意：——迈克昨天真的拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取吗？——是的，可我不知道他为什么那么做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。设空处引导同位语从句，用于解释说明idea的内容；从句中缺少状语，根据句意此处表示原因，故用why引导。

典例4 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief what you are better than anyone else on the sports field.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→that [句意：成功达到最高水平的唯一办法是保持这样一种信念，即你比运动场上的任何一个人都好。分析句子结构可知。此处为同位语从句，而且从句结构和意义完整，所以用that。] 【解题法】 同位语从句的解题思路

(1)掌握常跟同位语从句的一些名词如suggestion, advice, hope等，了解同位语从句的功能。

(2)在语篇型语法填空中，主要是考查引导词。同位语从句的引导词that较多见，也会考到when, where等。分析主句结构，识别关键词，判断从句种类。

(3)在短文改错中，主要考查引导词的误用、漏用和多余。考生要根据主句结构挑出从句，如从句表示陈述意义，常用that引导，表疑问常用疑问词引导。

A．单句填空

1．The best moment for the football star was ________he scored the winning goal.答案 when [句意：对这个足球明星来说，进球得分的时刻是最好的时刻。when在表语从句中表时间。] 2．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is ________my mother used to tell me.答案 what [句意：“每次你吃甜东西，喝点绿茶。”这是过去妈妈经常对我说的话。分析结构可知，此处考查的是表语从句的引导词。从句缺少tell的直接宾语，用what引导。] 3．—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum.I am________you have made me.答案 what [句意：——真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！——妈妈，别怪我。我现在这样就是你造就的呀。分析成分可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作made me后的宾语补足语，相当于the one that，即I am the one that you have made me。类似例子还有：He is no longer what(＝the one that)he used to be。] 4．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's________I was born.” 答案 where [句意：奶奶指着那个医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”此处考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句。] 5．Courage is a kind of quality ——and that's ________it takes to face the

challenges in life.答案 what [句意：勇气是一种好品质，那就是面对生活中挑战所需要的品质。that's 后为表语从句，而且引导词作从句中takes的宾语。故应填what。] 6．Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ________makes a difference.答案 what [句意：面对困难，你应该相信你的自信会起很大作用。make a difference意为“起作用，有影响”；本句中“________makes a difference”是表语从句，因为从句缺主语，故用what。] 7．Don't be sad.The most important thing is ________we must learn from our mistakes and move on.答案 that [句意：不要难过，最重要的是我们必须从错误中吸取教训，并继续前进。表语从句不缺任何成分，故填that。] 8．I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes anything.答案 why [句意：我觉得他说得多做得少，这就是他从来没有完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知，此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容；在定语从句中，空处引导表语从句，再结合句意可知应填why。] 9．The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________humans want peace, not war.答案 that [句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。此处为表语从句，从句不缺少成分，所以用that引导。] B．单句改错

1．From space, the earth looks blue.This is why about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→because [句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约有71%的区域被水覆盖。分析句子结构可知，此处为表语从句，表示原因，故用because。because后加原因，why后加结果。因此把why改为because。] 2．Evidence has been found through years of study why children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意：通过数年的研究，儿童早期睡眠问题长大后有可能继续的证据已经被找到了。分析句子结构可知，空格后面的部分是解释说明evidence的内容，是evidence的同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，故把why改为that。] 3．Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is what she expects to be successful all the time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意：如果能称之为问题的话，她唯一的问题是她一直想成功。引导表语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。] 4．The problem is what we can improve our reading skill in such a short time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意：问题是我们如何在这么短的时间内提高我们的阅读技能。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，这里需要用连接副词how来引导表语从句。] 5．There is still some doubt that the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意：即使所有的因素都考虑了，系统是否会运转仍有些疑问。whether引导同位语从句，作doubt的同位语，whether表示“是否”。] 6．People all over the world have a dream whether they will always live a peaceful life.________________________________________________________ 答案 whether→that [句意：全世界的人民都有一个梦想，即永远过着和平的生活。此处为同位语从句，解释名词dream的内容，因为从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，所以用that引导。] 7．The expert's argument what the increasing number of cars is the main cause of the rising PM 2.5 readings has got much support from the public.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意：这个专家的争论已经得到了来自公众的大力支持，争论围绕汽车数量的增加是PM2.5值上升的主要原因。此处为同位语从句，解释说明argument的内容，因从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用that引导。]

易错题一：名词性从句中连接词的误用

[例1] ________ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.[错解] It/That/Who [错因分析] 此处缺少主语，因此考生容易误用It, That, Who, Which等。[答案] What [心得体会]

[例2] I have no idea ________ he will come here or not this afternoon, for he is very busy at the present time.[错解] which/that/if [错因分析] 该题貌似定语从句，考生易误填which/that。此外，一些考生也许一看到后面的“or not”容易误填if。根据语意可知，idea后面接一个同位语从句，该从句是

对idea的解释说明，且由后面的“or not”可知应用whether。if不能引导同位语从句。

[答案] whether [心得体会]

易错题二：漏用关系词

[例] She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood ________ ________ he said meant.[错解] that;what [错因分析] 许多同学一看便判断出understood后为宾语从句，第一空误填that;第二个空认为said后缺宾语，填what。

[答案] what;what [心得体会]

易错题三：名词性从句中用it作形式主语或宾语

[例] ________has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to

protect you against serious illnesses in later life.[错解] What [错因分析] 考生误认为此空引导主语从句，缺少主语，误填What。[答案] It [心得体会]

第五篇：高考英语语法：名词性从句

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名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词： that, whether ,if（不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词：

1.介词后的连词

2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如：

That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。

We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：

1.whether引导主语从句并在句首

2.引导表语从句

3.whether从句作介词宾语

4.从句后有“or not”

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。例如：

It is not important who will go.谁去，这不重要。

It is still unknown which team will win the match.到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。17.2 名词性that-从句 www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈

1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：

主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。

宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。

形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如：

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。

It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that…

有必要……

It is important that…

重要的是……

It is obvious that…

很明显…… b.It + be +-ed 分词+ that-从句

It is believed that…

人们相信……

It is known to all that…

从所周知……

It has been decided that…

已决定…… c.It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that…

……是常识

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It is a surprise that…

令人惊奇的是……

It is a fact that…

事实是…… d.It +不及物动词+ that-分句

It appears that…

似乎……

It happens that…

碰巧……

It occurred to me that…

我突然想起…… 17.3 名词性wh-从句

1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。

Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。例如：

主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。

间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。

表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。

宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位语：

I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。

形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。

介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末。例如：

It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句

1）yes-no型疑问从句 www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈

从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：

主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。

宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。

形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

2）选择性疑问从句

选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成。例如：

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。17.5 否定转移

1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如：

I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。

I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。

注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。例如：

I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。

2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。例如：

It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈

3）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。例如：

I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。（not否定动名词短语 having…）

It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。）

4）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。例如：

The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。

He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.（否定because状语）

他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。

She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struckby her beauty.（否定状语many weeks）她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。