第一篇：英语语法—词性
基本词性
1.名词（nouns）n.：
名词是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代；名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns）；专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等，专有名词的首字母要大写。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness。2.代词(pronoun)pron.: 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词有：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。
3.数词（numeral）Num.： 数词是表示数量或顺序的词，数词分为基数词和序数词和分数词三种。基数词就是表示数量多少的词，序数词就是表示第几的词。4.形容词（adjective）adj/a.：
形容词是很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质，状态，和特征。5.副词（adverb)副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、频率副词和说明性副词。6.动词（Verb）v.：
动词是用来表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、不及物动词、及物动词从属连接词或增加句子等方法。
7.冠词（article)art.：
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义。它一般用在名词的前面，修饰名词，表示特指的某种物质。有时它也用于形容词前面，例如the old，the poor，指怎么样的一类人。冠词不能离开名词独立存在，它表示的主语数量或者特征。但是在专有名词前面不能用冠词。8.介词（preposition）prep.：
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词，或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。
介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。介词有at,in,before,after,on,by,with等。9.连词（conjunction）conj.：
连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分，只起连接词与词、短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为4类：并列连词、转折连词、选择连词和因果连词。10.助词：(auxiliary)aux.: 助词是附着在词，短语，句子的前面或后面，表示结构关系或某些附加意义的虚词。助词有结构助词，时态助词，语气助词三种。11.叹词：（interjection）interj.： 叹词是语法学术语。表示感叹、呼唤、应答的词。判断词
判断词表示判断“是”或“否”的词语，常用no，yes，not。一般条件状语从句的连词都有是否的意思，例如if、whether。情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。
1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2)情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3)情态动词不随人称的变化而变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。感叹词
感叹词是用来表示说话时表达的喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的词。它不构成后面句子的一个语法成分，却在意义上与它有关联，后面的句子一般说明这种情绪的性质、原因。感叹词是英语口语中最富有表现力的词语之一，用途甚广。下面是感叹词的用法： Oh 表示惊讶、指责、痛苦、称赞、懊恼等，可译为“哦”、“哎呀”、“噢”“啊”、“呀”等。例如：
（1）.“Oh, who was that?” Mr.Black asked.“哦，是谁？”布莱克先生问。（2）.“Oh, how blind you are!” he cried.“哎呀，你们真瞎！”他大声道。其他
1、动名词：动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。
2、动词不定式：由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
3、分词[participle]：具有动词及形容词二者特征的词；尤指以ing、ed、d、t、en或n结尾的英语动词性形容词，具有形容词功能，同时又表现各种动词性特点，如时态，语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。
第二篇：高考英语语法：名词性从句
www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词： that, whether ,if（不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词：
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如：
That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。
We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首
2.引导表语从句
3.whether从句作介词宾语
4.从句后有“or not”
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。例如：
It is not important who will go.谁去，这不重要。
It is still unknown which team will win the match.到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。17.2 名词性that-从句 www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：
主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that…
有必要……
It is important that…
重要的是……
It is obvious that…
很明显…… b.It + be +-ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…
人们相信……
It is known to all that…
从所周知……
It has been decided that…
已决定…… c.It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that…
……是常识
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It is a surprise that…
令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…
事实是…… d.It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…
似乎……
It happens that…
碰巧……
It occurred to me that…
我突然想起…… 17.3 名词性wh-从句
1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。
Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。例如：
主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。
表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语：
I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末。例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1）yes-no型疑问从句 www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成。例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。17.5 否定转移
1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如：
I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。例如：
I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。
2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。例如：
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
3）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。例如：
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。（not否定动名词短语 having…）
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。）
4）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。例如：
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.（否定because状语）
他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struckby her beauty.（否定状语many weeks）她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
第三篇：高二英语语法复习—名词性从句（定稿）
高二英语语法复习—名词性从句
英语组钟昌亮
一、翻译：台湾属于中国。
1.我们都知道台湾属于中国。
2.事实是台湾属于中国。
3.台湾属于中国是大家都知道的。
4.我们都知道这个事实—台湾属于中国。
名词性从句相当于一个名词短语,在复合句中分别充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语,所以被称为以上四种从句。
二、名词性从句引导词
1.从属连词
2.连接代词（既起连接作用，本身又作从句中的主语，宾语，表语或定语）
3.连接副词（既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语）
三、名词性从句考点：
1、连接词的选用
we can’t get seems better than ___we have.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;that
2.---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.---Is that _____you had a few days off?
A.whyB whenC.whatD where
A.forB.thatC.at whichD.which
解题技巧:连接词的选用看从句所缺的成分----缺什么补什么
2、that/what引导名词性从句的区别
that:引导四种名词性从句。在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。
what:引导主，宾，表语从句。在从句中充当主，宾，表语成分，还起连接作用（“什么，…东西/事情”).Ex._____ made the school proud was______ more than
90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities
A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出考点：
1.Can you tell me how many students are there in your class?
2.I don't know where has he gone.3.The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was.４.He wondered why he doesn’t come.3.名词性从句用陈述语序解题技巧：找准从句的主语和谓语—S+V（从句为陈述语序）
5.We suggested that we would go to the cinema.6.My suggestion is that we must do our homework first.7.His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable.4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气
判断正误
1.If we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.（）
2.The question is whether the film is worth seeing.（）
3.The news if our team has won the match is unknown.()
4.It all depends on if they will support us.()
5.He asked me whether I could go with him or not.()
6.I didn’t know whether to go there.()
7..It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.()
5.whether,if 引导名词性从句的区别
选择正确答案
1.He didn’t make _____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these
2._____ felt funny watching myself on TV.A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That
3.It is obvious to the students _____ they should get well prepared for their future.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that
6.it作形式主语，宾语的情况.解题技巧:观察句末是否有真正的主语或宾语
7.连词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导定语从句的区别.观察：
1）The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.()
2)The news(that)you told me yesterday was true.()
解题技巧:观察先词与从句之间的关系---先行词与同位语从句是同等关---n.=从句 关系代词that引导定语从句时，一方面起引导定语从句的作用，另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语，宾语或表语，that引导的定语从句时残缺的。
Summary：
一.名词性从句的种类及其定义。
二.名词性从句考点：
1.名词性从句连接词的选择
2..that/what
3.名词性从句用陈述语序
4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气
5.whether/if
6.it作形式主语和形式宾语。
7..that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
名词性从句试题：
1.The doctor thought ______would be good for you to have a holiday.（全国Ⅱ）
A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it
2.We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.(全国I）
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where
is in charge of International Sales please?(全国I）
A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever
that haman beings are naturally equipped to speak.（全国Ⅱ）
A.saidB.to sayC.sayingD.being said
5.It is necessary that a college student____ at least a foreign language.A.mastersB.should masterC.masteredD.will master
6.See the flag on the top of the building?That is ____ we did this morning(全国卷I)
A.whenB.whichC.whereD．what
7.The fact has worried many the earth is becoming warmer andwarmer these years.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though
（全国Ⅱ）
A.WhatB.whyC.whereD.Which.9.One reason for her preference for city life is places like shops and restaurants.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why.10.Please remind me he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off.（全国I）
A.whereB.whenC.howD.what
he goes with, whether his friend or relatives.A.whatB.whoC.howD.why
12.----How about camping this weekend,just for a change?
you want.A.whichever B.howeverC.whateverD.whoever
13.---What did your parents think about your decision?
---They always let me do _______ I think I should.（全国II）
A.whenB.thatC.howD.what
14It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although
about two thousand patients have taken it.A．thatB．whatC．howD．whether
15.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _____she was so angry.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why
16.—Have you finished the book?（全国Ⅱ）
---No, I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave.A.whichB.whatC.hatD.where
第四篇：2018高考英语语法填空词性转换经典总结
语法填空词形转换
A 1.ability [əˈbɪlɪtɪ] n.能力；才能
able [ˈeɪb(ə)l] a.能够；有能力的 1.absence [ˈæbsəns] n.不在，缺席
absent [ˈæbsənt] a.缺席，不在3.academic [ækəˈdemɪk] a./ n.学术的，教学的
academy [əˈkædəmɪ] n.专科学院，（美）私立学校 4.access [ˈækses] n./ v.通道，入径，存取(计算机文件)accessible [əkˈsesɪb(ə)l] a.可到达的，可接受的 5.achieve [əˈtʃiːv] vt.达到，取得
achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt] n.成就，成绩，功绩
6.act [ækt] n.法令，条例 v.（戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事
action [ˈækʃ(ə)n] n.行动
active [ˈæktɪv] a.积极的，主动的activity [ækˈtɪvɪtɪ] n.活动
7.adapt [əˈdæpt] v.使适应，适合，改编
adaptation [ədæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n.适应，改编本 8.adjust [əˈdʒʌst] v.调整，调节，适应，习惯
adjustment [əˈdʒʌstmənt] n.调整，适应 9.admirable [ˈædmərəb(ə)l] a.值得赞赏的，可钦佩的 admire [ədˈmaɪə(r)] v.钦佩；羡慕
admission [ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n] n.准入，接纳
admit [ədˈmɪt] vt.承认，准许（入场，入学，入会）
10.advertise [ˈædvətaɪz] vt.为……做广告
advertisement [ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt] n.广告 11.agree [əˈɡriː] v.同意；应允
agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n.同意，一致；协定，协议 12.amaze [əˈmeɪz] v.惊奇，惊叹；震惊
amazed 感到惊讶的
amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ] a.惊奇，惊叹的；震惊的 be amazed at 对..感到惊讶
13.amuse [əˈmjuːz] vt.（使人）快乐，逗乐
amused 感到愉快的 学-*科+/网 amusing 令人愉快的
amusement [əˈmjuːzmənt] n.娱乐
14.analyze/ `ænl，aɪz / v.分析 analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n.分析，分析结果 15.anger [ˈæŋɡə(r)] n.怒，愤怒
angry [ˈænɡrɪ] a.生气的，愤怒的16.anxiety [æŋˈzaɪətɪ] n.担忧，焦虑 anxious [ˈæŋkʃəs] a.忧虑的，焦急的 17.apologize [əˈpɔlədʒaɪz] vi.道歉，谢罪
apology [əˈpɔlədʒɪ] n.道歉；歉意
18.appear [əˈpɪə(r)] vi.出现
appearance [əˈpɪərəns] n.出现，露面；容貌
19.application [æplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n.申请
apply [əˈplaɪ]v.申请
20.appoint [əˈpɔɪnt] v.任命，委任，安排 appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt] n.约会
appreciate [əˈpriːʃɪeɪt] v.欣赏； 感激
appreciation [əpriːʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n.欣赏，鉴定，评估 21.appropriate [əˈprəʊprɪət] a.合适的，恰当的 approximately [əprɔksɪˈmətlɪ] ad.近似，大约 22.argue [ˈɑːɡjuː]vi.争辩，争论
argument [ˈɑːɡjʊmənt] n.争论，辩论
23.arrange [əˈreɪndʒ] v.安排，布置
arrangement [əˈreɪndʒmənt]n.安排，布置
24.arrival [əˈraɪv(ə)l] n.到来，到达 arrive [əˈraɪv] vi.到达；-at 小地方，-in大地方 25.assess [əˈses] v.评价，评定（性质，质量）assessment [əˈsesmənt] n.看法，评价 26.assist [əˈsɪst]v.帮助，协助
assistance [əˈsɪst(ə)ns] n.帮助，援助，支持 assistant [əˈsɪst(ə)nt] n.助手，助理
27.associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v.联想，联系
association [əsəʊsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n.协会，社团，联系 28.assume [əˈsjuːm；(US)əˈsuːm] v.假定，假设 assumption [əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n] n.假定，假设 29.attract [əˈtrækt] v.吸引，引起
attraction [əˈtrækʃ(ə)n] n.吸引，爱慕 attractive [əˈtræktɪv] a.迷人的，有吸引力的
B 1.bad(worse，worst)[bæd] a.坏的；有害的，严重的badly [ˈbædlɪ] ad.坏，恶劣地
2.bath [bɑːθ；(US)bæθ] n.洗澡；浴室；澡盆
bathe [beɪð] vi.洗澡；游泳
3.beautiful [ˈbjuːtɪf(ə)l] a.美，美丽，美观的beauty [ˈbjuːtɪ] n.美丽，美人
4.behave [bɪˈheɪv] v.守规矩，行为
behaviour/ bɪ`heɪvjər / n.行为，举止
5.beneficial [benɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l] a.有利的，有帮助的，有用的 benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n./ v.优势，益处，使…受益 6.bored / bɔrd / a.（对人，事）厌倦的，烦闷的 boring / `bɔrɪŋ / a.乏味的，无聊的7.brave [breɪv] a.勇敢的bravery [ˈbreɪvərɪ] n.勇气
8.breath [breθ] n.气息；呼吸 breathe [briːð] vi.呼吸
breathless [ˈbreθlɪs] a.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的 9.build(built，built)[bɪld] v.建筑；造
building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] n.建筑物；房屋；大楼
C 1.care [keə(r)] n.照料，保护；小心v.介意……，在乎 careful [ˈkeəfʊl] a.小心，仔细，谨慎的careless [ˈkeəlɪs] a.粗心的，漫不经心的2.caution [ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n] n.谨慎，小心，警告 cautious [ˈkɔːʃəs] a.小心的，谨慎的 3.celebrate [ˈselɪbreɪt] v.庆祝
celebration [selɪˈbreɪʃ(ə)n] n.庆祝；庆祝会
4.entre 中心
central 中心的
5.certain [ˈsɜːt(ə)n] a.确定的，无疑的；一定会…… certainly [ˈsɜːtənlɪ] ad.当然；一定，无疑
6.challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] n.挑战(性)challenging [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] a.具有挑战性的 7.changeable [ˈtʃeɪndʒəb(ə)l] a.易变的，变化无常的 change [tʃeɪndʒ] n.零钱；找头v.改变，变化；更换； 8.cheer [tʃɪə(r)] n.& vi.欢呼； 喝彩
Cheer up [tʃɪə(r)-ʌp] 振作起来！提起精神！cheerful [ˈtʃɪəfʊl] a.兴高采烈的，快活的 cheers [tʃɪə(r)] int.干杯，(口)谢谢，再见 9.chemical [ˈkemɪk(ə)l] a.化学的 n.化学品
chemist [ˈkemɪst] n.药剂师；化学家
chemistry [ˈkemɪstrɪ] n.化学
学+-科/+网 10.child(复children)[tʃaɪld] n.孩子，儿童
childhood [ˈtʃaɪldhʊd] n.幼年时代，童年
11.civil [ˈsɪv(ə)l] a.国内的；平民（非军人）的；民用的 civilian [sɪˈvɪlɪən] n.平民，老百姓 civilization [sɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n；
n.文明
12.clean [kliːn] vt.弄干净，擦干净 a.清洁的，干净的cleaner [kliːnə(r)] n.清洁工.，清洁器.，清洁剂
13.clear [klɪə(r)] a.清晰；明亮的；清楚的clearly [ˈklɪəlɪ] ad.清楚地，无疑地
14.cloud [ˈkləʊðɪŋ] n.云；云状物；阴影
cloudy [ˈklaʊdɪ] a.多云的，阴天的15.comfort [ˈkʌmfət] n.安慰； 慰问
comfortable [ˈkʌmfətəb(ə)l；(US)ˈkʌmfərtəbl] a.舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的16.commit [kəˈmɪt] v.犯（罪，错），自杀 commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺，允诺，承担
17.communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] v.交际；传达（感情，信息等）
communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n.交际，通讯
18.compete [kəmˈpiːt] vi.比赛，竞赛
competence [ˈkɔmpətəns] n.能力，胜任，管辖权 competition [kɔmpəˈtɪʃ(ə)n] n.比赛，竞赛
competitor [kəmˈpetɪtə(r)] n.竞赛者，比赛者 19.conclude [kənˈkluːd] v.完成，结束
conclusion [kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n] n.结论；结束 20.consider [kənˈsɪdə(r)] vt.考虑
considerate [kənˈsɪdərət] a.体贴的
consideration [kənsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n.考虑；关心
21.convenience n.convenient adj.方便的 22.construct [kənˈstrʌkt] v.构筑；建造，建设 construction [kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n.建造，建设，建筑物
D 1.danger [ˈdeɪndʒə(r)] n.危险
dangerous [ˈdeɪndʒərəs] a.危险的 2.dark [dɑːk] n.黑暗；暗处；日暮 a.黑暗的；深色的darkness [ˈdɑːknɪs] n.黑暗，阴暗
3.die [daɪ] v.死
dead 死的，无生命的 death [deθ] n.死
4.decide [dɪˈsaɪd] v.决定；下决心
decision [dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n] n.决定；决心
5.deep [diːp] a.深 ad.深；深厚
deeply [ˈdiːplɪ] ad.深深地 depth [depθ] n.深，深度
66.delight [dɪˈlaɪt] n.快乐；乐事
delighted [di'laitid] a.高兴的，快乐的
7.develop [dɪˈveləp] v.（使）发展；（使）发达；（使）发育；开发 vt.冲洗（照片）
development [dɪˈveləpmənt] n.发展，发达，发育，8.devote [dɪˈvəʊt] vt.把…奉献，把…专用（于）
devotion [dɪˈvəʊʃ(ə)n] n.奉献，奉献精神
9.differ [ˈdɪfə(r)] v.相异，有区别
difference [ˈdɪfrəns] n.不同
different [ˈdɪfrənt] a.不同的，有差异的10.difficult [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] a.难；艰难；不易相处
difficulty [ˈdɪfɪkəltɪ] n.困难，费力
11.disagree [dɪsəˈɡriː] vi.意见不一致，持不同意见
disagreement [dɪsəˈɡriːmənt] n.意见不一致；争论
12.disappoint [dɪsəˈpɔɪnt]vt.使失望
be disappointed at 感到失望的disappointing令人失望的
disappointment [dɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt] n.失望；沮丧 13.discover [dɪˈskʌvə(r)] vt.发现
discovery [dɪˈskʌvərɪ] n.发现
14.discuss [dɪsˈkʌs] vt.讨论，议论
discussion [dɪsˈkʌʃ(ə)n] n.讨论，辩论 15.distance [ˈdɪstəns] n.距离
distant [ˈdɪst(ə)nt] a.远的，遥远的
E 1.easy [ˈiːzɪ] a.容易的，不费力的easily [ˈiːzɪlɪ] ad.容易地
2.east [iːst]a.东方；东部的；朝东的； ad.在东方； eastern [ˈiːst(ə)n] a.东方的；东部的3.educate [ˈedjʊkeɪt] vt.教育，培养
educator ['edju:keitə(r)] n.教育家
education [edjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n.教育，培养
4.engine [ˈendʒɪn] n.发动机，引擎
学+-科/-网 engineer [endʒɪˈnɪə(r)] n.工程师；技师 5.enjoy [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] vt.欣赏；享受乐趣；喜欢 enjoyable [ɪnˈdʒɔɪəb(ə)l]a.愉快的；有趣的6.equal [ˈiːkw(ə)l] a.平等的 vt.等于，使等于
equality [iːˈkwɔlətɪ] n.平等
82.equip [ɪˈkwɪp] vt.提供设备；装备；配备
equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] n.装备，设备
7.exact [ɪɡˈzækt] a.精确的；确切的exactly [ex'act·ly] ad.精确地；确切地
8.exist [ɪg'zɪst] vi.存在
existence [ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)ns] n.存在；生存；存在物
9.explain [ɪksˈpleɪn] vt.解释，说明
explanation [ekspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n.解释，说明
10.express [ɪkˈspres] vt.表达；表情 n.快车，特快专递
expression [ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n]n.表达；词句；表情 11.extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] a.极其的，非常的 extremely [ɪkˈstriːmlɪ] ad.极其，非常
F 1.fail [feɪl] v.失败；不及格；衰退
failure [ˈfeɪljə(r)] n.失败
2.fair [feə(r)] a.公平的，合理的 a.(肤色)白皙的；（人）白肤金发的 n.集市；庙会；展览会
fairly [ˈfeəlɪ] ad.公正地，正当地；相当（程度）地
fairness ['fɛənis] n.公平；公正
3.firm [fɜːm] n.公司；企业 a.坚固的，坚定的firmly [ˈfɜːmlɪ] ad.牢牢地
4.fluency ['fluənsi] n.（外语）流利，流畅 fluent [ˈfluːənt] a.（外语）流利的，流畅 5.fool [fuːl] n.傻子，蠢人
foolish [ˈfuːlɪʃ] a.愚蠢的，傻的
6.foreign [ˈfɔrən；(US)ˈfɔːrɪn] a.外国的foreigner [ˈfɔrənə(r)] n.外国人
7.forget [fəˈrevə(r)](forgot，forgotten)v.忘记；忘掉
forgetful [fəˈɡetfʊl] a.健忘的，不留心的8.fortunate [ˈfɔːtʃənət] a.幸运的； 侥幸的 fortune [ˈfɔːtjuːn，ˈfɔːtʃuːn] n.财产；运气
9.free [friː] a.自由，空闲的；免费的freedom [ˈfriːdəm] n.自由
10.friend [frend] n.朋友
friendly [ˈfrendlɪ] a.友好的friendship [ˈfrendʃɪp] n.友谊，友情
G 1.gift [ɡɪft] n.赠品；礼物
gifted [ˈɡɪftɪd] a.有天赋的；有才华的
2.grow(grew，grown)[ɡrəʊ] v.生长；发育；种植；变成growth [ɡrəʊθ] n.生长，增长
3.guidance [ˈɡaɪdəns] n.引导，指导 guide [ɡaɪd] n.向导，导游者
H 1.happy [ˈhæpɪ] a.幸福；快乐的，高兴的happily ['hæpɪlɪ] ad.幸福地，快乐地
happiness [ˈhæpɪnɪs] n.幸福，愉快
2.hard [hɑːd] ad.努力地；使劲；猛烈地 a.硬的；困难的；艰难的hardly [ˈhɑːdlɪ] ad.几乎不
hardship [ˈhɑːdʃɪp] n.困难 3.harm [hɑːm] n.&v.伤害；损伤
harmful [ˈhɑːmfʊl] a.有害的；致伤的harmless [ˈhɑːmlɪs] a.无害的；不致伤的 4.health [helθ] n.健康，卫生
healthy [ˈhelθɪ] a.健康的，健壮的5.heavy [ˈhevɪ] a.重的
heavily [ˈhevɪlɪ] ad.重地，大量地
6.help [help] n.& vt.帮助，帮忙
helpful [ˈhelpfʊl] a.有帮助的，有益的7.hope [həʊp] n.& v.希望
hopeful [ˈhəʊpfʊl] a.有希望的；有前途的hopeless a.没有希望，不可救药的8.humorous [ˈhjuːmərəs] a.富于幽默的humour(美humor)['hju:mə] n.幽默，幽默感
9.hunger [ˈhʌŋɡə(r)] n.饥饿
hungry [ˈhʌŋɡrɪ] a.（饥）饿的
I 1.ill [ɪl] a.有病的；不健康的illness [ˈɪlnɪs] n.疾病
1.importance [ɪmˈpɔːt(ə)ns] n.重要性
important [ɪmˈpɔːtənt] a.重要的 3.imagine vt.想象 imaginary adj.想象的imagination n.想象
4.impossible [ɪmˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a.不可能的 possible 可能的
5.impress [ɪmˈpres] vt.留下极深的印象
impression [ɪmˈpreʃ(ə)n] n.印象，感觉
6.improve 改善，提高 improvement 7.independent 独立的 independence 8.instruct [ɪnˈstrʌkt] vt.通知；指示；教
instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n.说明，须知；教导
9.interest [ˈɪntrəst] n.兴趣，趣味；利息
interesting [ˈɪntrətɪŋ] a.有趣的interested 感兴趣的
10.intelligence 智力，intelligent 聪明的 11.introduce [ɪntrəˈdjuːs；(US)-duːs] vt.介绍
introduction [ɪntrəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n.引进，介绍
12.invent [ɪnˈvent] vt.发明，创造
invention [ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n] n.发明，创造
13.invitation [ɪnvɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n.邀请，请帖
invite [ɪnˈvaɪt] vt.邀请，招待
J 1.judge [dʒʌdʒ] n.裁判；审判员；法官vt.判断，断定
judgement ['dʒʌdʒmənt] n.裁判
2.juice [dʒuːs] n.汁、液
学+-科/+网 juicy [dʒuːsɪ] a.多汁的；水分多的
K 1.kind [kaɪnd] n.种；类 a.善良，友好的kindness [ˈkaɪndnɪs] n.仁慈；善良
L 1.last [lɑːst；(US)læst] a.最近刚过去；最后的ad.最近刚过去；最后地 n.最后v.持续
late [leɪt] a.晚的，迟的ad.晚地，迟地
lately [ˈleɪtlɪ] ad.最近，不久前
later [ˈleɪtə(r)] a.晚些的，迟些的latest [ˈleɪtɪst] a.最近，最新的；最晚的 latter [ˈlætə(r)] n.（两者之中的）后者
2.lazy 懒惰的 lazily 懒惰地 laziness n.懒惰 3.laugh [lɑːf] n.& v.笑，大笑；嘲笑
laughter [ˈlɑːftə(r)；(US)ˈlæftər] n.笑； 笑声
4.learn(learnt，learnt；--ed--ed)[lɜːn] vt.学，学习，学会
learned [ˈlɜːnɪd] a.有才华的；博学的
5.live [lɪv] vi.生活；居住；活着 a.活的，活着的；实况，现场（直播）的lively [ˈlaɪvlɪ] a.活泼的；充满生气的living [ˈlɪvɪŋ] a.活着的 n.生计
6.legal 合法的 illegal 违法的 7.loud [laʊd] a.大声的loudly [laʊdlɪ] ad.大声地
8.love [lʌv] n.& vt.爱；热爱；很喜欢
lovely [ˈlʌvlɪ] a.美好的，可爱的9.luck [lʌk] n.运气，好运
lucky [ˈlʌkɪ] a.运气好，侥幸
M 1.marriage [ˈmærɪdʒ] n.结婚，婚姻
married [ˈmærɪd] a.已婚的marry [ˈmærɪ] v.（使）成婚，结婚
2.memory [ˈmemərɪ] n.回忆，记忆
memorize [ˈmeməraɪz] v.记忆
3.mental [ˈment(ə)l] a.精神的；脑力的mentally [ˈmentəlɪ] ad.精神上；智力上 4.merciful [ˈmɜːsɪfʊl] a.仁慈的；宽大的mercy [ˈmɜːsɪ] n.怜悯
5.mess [mes] n.凌乱
messy [ˈmesɪ] a.乱七八糟的
6.mistake(mistook，mistaken)[mɪsˈteɪk] n.错误 vt.弄错
mistaken [mɪsˈteɪkən] a.错误的7.mix [mɪks] v.混合，搅拌
mixture [ˈmɪkstʃə(r)] n.混合物
8.move [muːv] v.移动，搬动，搬家
movement [ˈmuːvmənt] n.运动，活动
9.modern 现代的 modernize vt.使现代化 modernization 现代化
N 1.nature [ˈneɪtʃə(r)] n.自然，性质，种类
natural [ˈnætʃər(ə)l] a.自然的 2.nation 国家 national 国家的 nationality 国籍
3.near [nɪə(r)] a.近的 ad.附近，邻近prep.在……附近，靠近
nearby [ˈnɪəbaɪ] a.附近的nearly [ˈnɪəlɪ] ad.将近，几乎
4.necessary 必需的 necessarily 必需地 necessity n.必需品 5.nine [naɪn] num.九
ninth [naɪnθ] num.第九
6.noise [nɔɪz] n.声音，噪声，喧闹声
noisily ['nɔɪzɪlɪ] ad.喧闹地
noisy [ˈnɔɪzɪ] a.喧闹的，嘈杂的7.normal [ˈnɔːm(ə)l] n.& a.正常的（状态）abnormal 反常的 normally adv.正常地 8.north [nɔːθ] a.北的；朝北的；从北来的 ad.向（在，从）北方 n.北；北方；北部
northern [ˈnɔːð(ə)n] a.北方的，北部的northwards [ˈnɔːθwədz] ad.向北
（学科）网 9.novel [ˈnɔv(ə)l] n.（长篇）小说
novelist [ˈnɔvəlɪst] n.小说家
10.nurse [nɜːs] n.护士；保育员
nursery [ˈnɜːsərɪ] n.托儿所
nursing [nɜːsɪŋ] n.(职业性的）保育，护理
O 1.operate[ˈɔpəreɪt] v.做手术，运转；实施，负责，经营，管理
operation [ɔpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n.手术，操作
operator [ˈɔpəreɪtə(r)] n.接线员
2.oppose [əˈpəʊz] vt.反对；反抗
opposite [ˈɔpəzɪt] n.相反，对面 a.相反的，对面的3.organize ['ɔ:gənaiz] vt.组织
organiser(organizer)['ɔ:gənaizə] n.组织者
organization [ɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n.组织，机构
P 1.pain [peɪn] n.疼痛，疼
painful [ˈpeɪnfʊl] a.使痛的，使痛苦的paint [peɪnt] n.油漆 vt.油漆，粉刷，绘画
painter [ˈpeɪntə(r)] n.绘画者，（油）画家
painting [ˈpeɪntɪŋ] n.油画，水彩画
2.part [pɑːt] n.部分；成分
partly [ˈpɑːtlɪ] ad.部分地，在一定程度上 3.patience n.容忍；耐心
patient [ˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt] n.病人，耐心的4.peace [piːs] n.和平
peaceful [ˈpiːsfʊl] a.和平的，安宁的 5.perform [pəˈfɔːm] v.表演，履行；行动
performance [pəˈfɔːm] n.演出，表演
performer [pəˈfɔːmə(r)] n.表演者，执行者
6.person [ˈpɜːs(ə)n] n.人
personal [ˈpɜːsən(ə)l] a.个人的，私人的personnel [pɜːsəˈnel] n.全体人员，职员 personally [ˈpɜːsənəlɪ] ad.就自己而言
7.physical [ˈfɪzɪk(ə)l] a.身体的；物理的physician [fɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n] n.(有行医执照的)医生
8.physicist [ˈfɪzɪsɪst] n.物理学家
physics [ˈfɪzɪks] n.物理（学）
9.pleasant [ˈplezənt] a.令人愉快的，舒适的 please [pliːz] v.请，使人高兴，使人满意
pleased [pliːzd] a.高兴的pleasure [pliːzd] n.高兴，愉快
10.poem [ˈpəʊɪm] n.诗
poet [ˈpəʊɪt] n.诗人 11.poison [ˈpɔɪz(ə)n] n.毒药
poisonous [ˈpɔɪzənəs] a.有毒的，致命的12.pollute [pəˈluːt] vt.污染
pollution [pəˈluːʃ(ə)n] n.污染
13.possess [pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] vt.占有；拥有
possession [pəˈzeʃ(ə)n] n.所有，拥有；财产，所有物
14.possibility [pɔsɪˈbɪlɪtɪ] vn.可能，可能性
possible [ˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a.可能的15.power [ˈpaʊdə(r)] n.力，动力，电力
powerful [ˈpaʊəfʊl] a.效力大的，强有力的，强大的16.practical [ˈpræktɪk(ə)l] a.实际的，适用的practice(s)e [ˈpræktɪs] n.练习
17.prefer [prɪˈfɜː(r)] vt.宁愿（选择），更喜欢 preference [ˈprefərəns] n.选择，趋向
18.preparation [prepəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n.准备
prepare [prɪˈpeə(r)] vt.准备，预备，调制，配制
19.press [ˈprezɪdənt] vt.压，按 n.新闻界，出版社
pressure [ˈpreʃə(r)] n.压迫，压力，压强
20.probable [ˈprɔbəb(ə)l] a.很可能，很有希望的 probably [ˈprɔbəb(ə)lɪ] ad.很可能，大概
21.produce [prəˈdjuːs；(US)-ˈduːs] vt.生产；制造
product [ˈprɔdʌkt] n.产品，制品
production [prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n.生产；制造
22.pronounce [prəˈnaʊns] vt.发音
pronunciation [prənʌnsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n.发音
23.proper [ˈprɔpə(r)] a.恰当的，合适的 properly [ˈprɔpəlɪ] ad.适当地
24.protect [prəˈtekt] vt.保护 protection [prəˈtekʃ(ə)n] n.保护
25.proud [praʊd] a.自豪的；骄傲的pride [praɪd] n.自豪，骄傲
26.puzzle [ˈpʌz(ə)l] n.难题，（字、画）谜
puzzled [ˈpʌz(ə)l] a.迷惑的，困惑的
R 1.rain [reɪn] n.雨，雨水 vi.下雨
rainy [ˈreɪnɪ] a.下雨的；多雨的2.real [riːl] a.真实的，确实的reality [rɪˈælɪtɪ] n.现实
realise(美realize)[ˈrɪəlaɪz] vt.认识到，实现
really v [ˈrɪəlɪ] ad.真正地；到底；确实
3.reason [ˈriːz(ə)n] vi.评理，劝说n.理由，原因
reasonable [ˈriːzənəb(ə)l] a.合乎情理的 4.refusal [rɪˈfjuːz(ə)l] n.拒绝
refuse [rɪˈfjuːz] vi.拒绝，不愿
5.relate [rɪˈleɪt] vi.有关； 涉及
relation [rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n.关系； 亲属
relationship [rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp] n.关系
relative [ˈrelətɪv] n.亲属，亲戚
6.rely [rɪˈlaɪ] v.依赖，依靠
学+.科/网 reliable [rɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l] a.可信赖的，可依靠的 7.religion [rɪˈlɪdʒən] n.宗教
religious [rɪˈlɪdʒəs] a.宗教的8.require [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] vt.需求；要求
requirement [rɪˈkwaɪəmənt] n.需要； 要求； 必要的条件
9.reservation [rezəˈveɪʃ(ə)n] n.预定
reserve [rɪˈzɜːv] n.& v.储备；预定
S 1.sad [sæd] a.（使人）悲伤的sadness [ˈsædnɪs] n.悲哀，忧伤
2.safe [seɪf] a.安全的 n.保险柜
safety [ˈseɪftɪ] n.安全，保险
3.sail [seɪl] n.航行 v.航行，开航
sailing [ˈseɪlɪŋ] n.航海
sailor [ˈseɪlə(r)] n.水手，海员
4.salt [sɔːlt，sɔlt] n.盐
salty [ˈsɔːltɪ，ˈsɔltɪ] a.盐的，咸的，含盐的5.scene [sɪːn] n.（戏剧、电影等的）一场，场景，布景
scenery [ˈsiːnərɪ] n.风景，景色，风光 6.science [ˈsaɪəns] n.科学，自然科学
scientific [saɪənˈtɪfɪk] a.科学的scientist [ˈsaɪəntɪst] n.科学家 7.secure [sɪˈkjʊə(r)] a.安心的，有把握的，牢靠的security [sɪˈkjʊərɪtɪ] n.安全，平安
8.serve [sɜːv] vt.招待（顾客等），服务
service [ˈsɜːvɪs] n.服务
9.settle [ˈset(ə)l] vi.安家，定居
settlement [ˈsetəlmənt] n.新拓居地；（美）部落，村落
settler [ˈsetlə(r)] n.移居者，开拓者
10.sick [sɪk] a.有病，患病的，（想）呕吐
sickness [ˈsɪknɪs] n.疾病
11.silence[ˈsaɪləns] n.安静，沉默
silentˈsaɪlənt] a.无声的，无对话的12.simple[ˈsɪmp(ə)l] a.简单的，简易的simplify[ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ] v.使简化，使简易 simply [ˈsɪmplɪ] ad.简单地，(加强语气)的确
13.skill [skiː] n.技能，技巧
skilled [skiː] a.熟练的；有技能的
skillful [ˈskɪlf(ə)l]a.熟练，精湛的，灵巧的skillfully ['skilfuli] ad.精湛地，巧妙地
14.sleep [sliːp]n.睡觉
sleep(slept，slept)[sliːp] vi.睡觉
sleepy [sliːp]a.想睡的，困倦的，瞌睡的
15.smell(smelt，smelt 或-ed，-ed)[smel] v.嗅，闻到；发气味 n.气味
smelly [ˈsmelɪ] a.有臭味的，发出臭味的16.smoke [smaɪl] n.烟 v.冒烟；吸烟
smoker [ˈsməʊkə(r)] n.吸烟者 学+*科-*网 smoking [ˈsməʊkɪŋ]n.吸烟，抽烟；冒烟
17.snow [snəʊ] n.雪 vi.下雪
snowy [ˈsnəʊɪ] a.雪(白)的；下雪的；多(积)雪的18.social [ˈsəʊʃ(ə)l]a.社会的；社交的socialism [ˈsəʊʃəlɪz(ə)m] n.社会主义 socialist [ˈsəʊʃəlɪst] a.社会主义的society [səˈsaɪətɪ]n.社会
19.spirit [ˈspɪrɪt]n.精神
spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtʃʊəl]a.精神的； 心灵的 20.strength [streŋθ] n.力量，力气
strengthen [ˈstreŋθ(ə)n] vt.加强，增强
strong [strɔŋ；(US)strɔːɡ] a.强(壮)的；坚固的；强烈的；坚强的21.succeed [səkˈsiːd] vi.成功
success [səkˈses] n.成功
successful [səkˈsesfʊl] a.成功的，有成就的22.suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)] vi.受苦，遭受
suffering [ˈsʌfərɪŋ] n.痛苦，苦难
23.suggest [səˈdʒest；(US)səɡˈdʒest] vt.建议，提议
suggestion [səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n] n.建议
24.sun [sʌn] n.太阳，阳光
sunny [ˈsʌnɪ] a.晴朗的；阳光充足的25.surround [səˈraʊnd]vt.围绕；包围 surrounding [səˈraʊndɪŋ] a.周围的26.survival [səˈvaɪv(ə)l] n.存活，幸存
survive [səˈvaɪv] v.生存，存活，幸免于难
T 1.technical [ˈteknɪk(ə)l] a.技术的，工艺的technique [ˈteknɪk(ə)l] n.技术；技巧，方法
technology [tekˈnɔlədʒɪ] n.技术
2.thank [θæŋk] vt.感谢，致谢，道谢 n.（复）感谢，谢意
thankful [ˈθæŋkfʊl] a.感谢的，感激的3.theoretical [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] a.理论的theory [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] n.理论
4.thirst [θɜːd] n.渴； 口渴 thirsty [ˈθɜːstɪ] a.渴
5.tire [ˈtaɪə(r)] vi.使疲劳
tired [ˈtaɪəd] a.疲劳的，累的tiresome a.令人厌倦的
6.total [ˈtəʊt(ə)l] a.总数的；总括的；完全的，全然的 n.合计，总计 v.合计为
totally [ˈtɔt(ə)lɪ] ad.总合地，完全地
7.tour [tʊə(r)] n.参观，观光，旅行
tourism [ˈtʊərɪz(ə)m] n.旅游业；观光
tourist [ˈtʊərɪst] vn.旅行者，观光者
8.tradition [trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] n.传统，风俗 traditional [trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] a.传统的，风俗的 9.train [treɪn] n.火车 v.培训，训练
trainer [treɪˈnə(r)] n.训练人；教练
training [ˈtreɪnɪŋ] n.培训
10.translate [trænsˈleɪt] vt.翻译
translation [trænsˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n.翻译；译文
translator [træns'leitə] n.翻译家，译者
11.travel [ˈtræv(ə)l] n.& vi.旅行
traveler [ˈtrævələ(r)] n.旅行者
12.treat [triːt] vt.对待，看待
treatment [ˈtriːtmənt] n.治疗，疗法
13.trouble [ˈtrʌb(ə)l] vt.使苦恼，使忧虑，使麻烦 n.问题，疾病，烦恼，麻烦
troublesome [ˈtrʌb(ə)lsəm] a.令人烦恼，讨厌
14.true [truː] a.真的，真实的；忠诚的truly [ˈtruːlɪ] ad.真正地，真实地
truth [truːθ] n.真理，事实，真相，实际 15.type [ˈtaɪp] vt.打字
typist [ˈtaɪpɪst] n.打字员
U 1.unfortunate [ʌnˈfəʊld] a.不幸的unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnətlɪ] ad.不幸地
2.use [juːz] n.& vt.利用，使用，应用 useful [ˈjuːsfʊl] a.有用的，有益的useless [ˈjuːslɪs] a.无用的user [ˈjuːzə] n.使用者；用户
3.usual [ˈjuːʒʊəl] a.通常的，平常的usually [ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ] ad.通常，经常
4.valuable [ˈvæljʊəb(ə)l] a.值钱的，贵重的value [ˈvæljuː] n.价值，益处
V 1.variety [vəˈraɪətɪ] n.种种，种类
various [ˈveərɪəs] a.各种各样的，不同的2.violence [ˈvaɪələns] n.暴力行为
violent [ˈvaɪələnt] a.暴力的3.violin [vaɪəˈlɪn] n.小提琴
violinist [vaɪəˈlɪnɪst] n.提琴家，提琴手 4.visit [ˈviːzə] n.& vt.参观，访问，拜访
visitor [ˈvɪzɪtə(r)] n.访问者，参观者
5.wait [weɪt] vi.等，等候
waiter [ˈweɪtə(r)] n.（餐厅）男服务员
waitress [tres] n.女服务员
6.warm [wɔːm] a.暖和的，温暖的；热情的warmth [wɔːmθ] n.暖和，温暖 7.weak [wiːk] a.差的，弱的，淡的weakness [ˈwiːknɪs] n.软弱
8.wealth [welθ] n.财产，财富
wealthy [ˈwelθɪ] a.富的9.week [wiːk] n.星期，周 weekday [ˈwiːkdeɪ] n.平日
weekend [wiːkˈend，ˈwiːkend] n.周末
weekly [ˈwiːklɪ] a.每周的
10.weigh [weɪ] vt.称…的重量，重（若干）
weight [weɪt] n.重，重量
11.wind [wɪnd] n.风
windy [ˈwɪndɪ] a.有风的，多风的12.wisdom [ˈwɪzdəm] n.智慧 学*科+网 wise [waɪz] a.聪明，英明的，有见识的
13.wonder [ˈwʌndə(r)] v.对…疑惑，感到惊奇，想知道 n.惊讶，惊叹；奇迹
wonderful [ˈwʌndəfʊl] a.美妙的，精彩的；了不起的；太好了
14.wood [ˈwʌndəfʊl] n.木头，木材，(复)树木，森林
wooden [ˈwʊd(ə)n] a.木制的15.woo [wʊl] l n.羊毛，羊绒
woollen ['wulin] a.羊毛的，羊毛制的
16.work [wɜːk] n.工作，劳动，事情 vi.工作；(机器、器官等)运转，活动
workday ['wə:kdei] n.工作日
worker [ˈwɜːkə(r)] n.工人；工作者
workforce ['wə:kfɔ:s] n.劳动力
workmate ['wə:kfɔ:s] n.同事；工友
workplace [wɜːkpleɪs] n.工作场所，车间
works [wɜːks] n.著作，作品
17.worried ['wɜrɪd /'wʌ-] a.担心的，烦恼的worry [ˈwʌrɪ] n.& v.烦恼，担忧，发怒，困扰
18.worth [wɜːθ] a.有…的价值，值得…的worthless [ˈwɜːθlɪs] a.没有价值，没有用的worthwhile [wɜːθˈwaɪl] a.值得做的worthy [wɜːθˈwaɪl] a.值得的
第五篇：高中二轮英语语法复习讲解-名词性从句
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高中英语语法之名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever 连接副词：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often 不可省略的连词： 1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句 3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有“or not”
Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二.主语从句
1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …
It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…
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（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9
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(3)It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
4.What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right.三、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时, 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We don’t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。
6.时态：1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。7.宾语从句的连接词
从属连词：连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.连接代词：连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词：连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.8.动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗? 动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we(should)make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.9.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.10.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.11.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④ 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.12.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that 1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
定义：A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么[1]样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。The problem is puzzling.这问题令人困惑 主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether,how.He has become a teacher.他已经成为一名教师。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。She has remained there for an hour.她曾在那里停留了一个小时。
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。His suggestion is good.他的建议是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。The question is confusing.这个问题令人困惑.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。
why he cried yesterday.昨天他为什么哭。
how I can persuade her to join us in the party.我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。
whether the enemy is marching towards us.是否敌人正向我们行进.注意：
A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether 位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.D that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
3、基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句，例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)// The scissors are not what I need.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)// What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)// That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)// That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
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注意： “That is why...”是常用句型，意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。// That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样，例如： That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如： He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如：
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
六、名词性that-从句
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
主语：That she is still alive is her luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b.It + be +-ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 众所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… c.It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… d.It +不及物动词+ that-从句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
七、名词性wh-从句 1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如： 主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
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同位语： I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。
2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。
八、if, whether引导的名词从句 1）yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，例如： 主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。if和whether的区别：
1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如：
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。
2、在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如：
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息。、在介词后，只能用whether。如：
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。如：
Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know.这是否真的，我真的不知道。
（例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。－－此例为主语从句，有误，感谢指出）
5、用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如：
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义.九、否定转移
1)将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
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I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。
2)将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
十、高考热点透视
1.___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET 1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It 答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）
A．how B．after C．what D．when
答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。3.He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 答案：D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
4.What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）
A.when B.how C.whether D.why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。” 5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants缺少宾语，A.however 和D.whenever是不能作宾语的；排除A和D，whichever表示“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选 B．whatever，表示“无论什么”。
6.______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)
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A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 答案C。本题句子的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句，连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词，不能引导从句，况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”，与题意不符，如果要选A.Anyone或B.The person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D.Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
7.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests.(Shanghai1995)A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 答案为C。本题句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever也不行。
8.----I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.----Is that ______ you had a few days off ?(NMET1999)A.why B.what C.when D.where
答案A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗？”
9.I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.(NMET1993)A.when B.how C.where D.what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D．what，而答案C, D均与题意不符，所以应选A．when。used to be表示一种过去存在的状态，本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was？（2001春季招生）
A．where B．what C．how D．which
答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书，所以要填which，这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”。
11.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C when D.as(2001年上海)答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。12.—I think it is going to be a big problem.—Yes, it could be.—I wonder ______ we can do about it.(北京 2002春季)A、if B、how C、what D、that 答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引导方式状语的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
十一、专项考点练习
1.________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A.It is said B.They are said C.It said D.It says 答案A：句型It is said that+主语从句。类似的还有It is believed that……etc 2._____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
A.What B.That C.How D.Where
答案A：观察此从句中缺少主语，而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分又引导的就只有what了 3.It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.A.whether B.if C.that D.how
4.Shanghai has taken on a new look.It isn’t like _____ it used to be.A.what B.how C.that D.which
5.____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.A.There, that B.It, that C.There, whether D.It, whether
6.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.what D.where
7.The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.A.had his daughter grown B.would his daughter grow C.his daughter would grow D.his daughter had grown
8.Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.A.how she is getting along B.how is she getting along C.what she is getting along D.what is she getting along 9.____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A.That;what B.What;that C.That;that D.What;what 10.These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.A.whatever B.which C.that D.whichever 11._____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.The person
12.Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.A.any;who B.every;whoever C.whichever;whoever D.either;whoever
13.____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;why C.What;because D.Why;that 14.It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.A.What;that B.That;that C.What;what D.That;what 15.It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.A.should send B.must be sent C.should be sent D.must go 16.The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.A.which we get;what give we B.what we get;what we give C.which do we get;what do we give D.how we get;that we give 17.We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.A.be put off B.was put off C.should put off D.is to be put off 18.Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A.where B.there C.here where D.where there
19.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who
20.You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited
Keys:1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11----15 C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B
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名词性从句练习(一)1.His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.A.that B.the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact 2.“Is Mary from New York City ” “I don't know _______.” A.from what city does she come from
B.from what city she come C.what city does she come from
D.what city she comes from 3.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 4.The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.A.because I got B.because of getting C.I got D.that I got 5.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A.while
B.that
C.if
D.for 6.Henry killed the dog.I'll ask him why ________.A.did he do that
B.he did that C.he did
D.he has done so 7.Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.A.how he is getting along
B.how is he getting along C.what he is getting along
D.what is he getting along 8.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 9.He asked me ________ with me.A.what is the trouble B.what wrong was C.what was the matter D.what trouble it is 10.I am sure ________ he said is true.A.that B.about that C.of that D.that what 11.When and why he came here ________ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not bee 12.I wonder how much ________.A.does the watch cost B.did the watch cost
C.the watch costed D.the watch costs 13.Mary is ________ someone might recognize her.A.afraid of B.afraid about C.afraid that D.afraid for 14.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late
B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late
D.Being a few minutes late 15.They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer.A.that not all things can be done
B.because of not all things be done C.being not all things can be done D.because not all things can be done 16.Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A.for B.because C.since D.that 17.I don't doubt ________ he'll come.A.that
B.if
C.what
D.whether 18.“Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr.Wang ”
“Well, I forget _______ I was supposed to go to.”
A.which the room B.which room C.what was the room D.what room was it 19.Output is now six times ________ it was before liberation.A.that B.which C.what D.of which 20.Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes.Because she's always saved ________.A.what little she earns B.how little she earns C.for little she earns D.with little she earns 21._______ surprised me most was ________ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A.That...what B.What...that C.That...which D.What...which
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22.We gave him ________ help we could.A.which B.what C.that D.this 23.She is pleased with what you have given him and ________ you have told him.A.that
B.which
C.all what
D.all that 24.Excuse me would you please tell me ________
A.when the sports meet is taken place
B.when is the sports meet going to be held C.when is the sports meet to begin
D.when the sports meet is to take place 25.Do you happen to know ________
A.what size shoes he wears
B.how big shoes he wears C.what is the size of his shoes D.what number shoes are his 26.This book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.A.how you have observed
B.how what you have observed C.that you have observed
D.how that you have observed 27.Where do you think ________
A.has he gone
B.has he been
C.he's gone
D.was he 28.Do you know ________
A.how many populations there are in the world B.how much population there is in the world C.how many the population of the world is
D.what the population of the world is 29.Would you go and see ________ outside
A.what to take place B.what Tom has happened C.what is happening D.what the matter had been 30.The subject of “What is interesting is that I do not even know him.” is_______.A.what B.interesting C.What is interesting D.I 31.________ I think he is Charles.A.Who do you think he is
B.Do you think who he is
C.Whom do you think he is D.Do you think who he is 32.He didn't know which room ________.A.they lived B.they lived in C.did they live D.did they live in 33.The little boy ate ________ his mother gave him.A.that B.which C.whatever D.no matter what 34.The city is no longer ________.A.what it is B.that it used to be C.which it was D.what it used to be 35.My parents used ________ they had to get a new car for me.A.which B.that C.what D.all what 36.______ we go swimming every day _____ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 37.________ was the idea _______ the wife thought of A.What...that B.That...what C.How...why D.Why...how 38._______ did he tell his wife ________ he wished to do
A.That...what B.What...that C.Where...which D.Which...where 39.One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.A.what that B.that what C.that which D.which that 40.I have no idea ________ or not he has finished the work.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 41.“Do you know ________ ” “His father is a doctor.” A.what is his father B.who is his father
C.what his father is D.who his father is 42.Is this ________ we met each other two years ago
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A.place B.place in which C.where D.place which 43.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that 44.We all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A.where B.wherever C.that D.that wherever
45.They discussed _______ they could settle the problem without others' help.A.if B.that C.what D.whether 46.She asked ________.A.what I was doing when she rang me up
B.what was I doing when she rang me up C.when she rang me up what I was doing
D.when did she ring me up what I was doing 47.161718192021-页 共 21 页
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