第一篇：高中英语语法权威解析一---名词性从句(附练习题)
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一． 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：
a)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b)It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
c)It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）
d)It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）
2.用it 作形式主语的结构(1)It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that …
事实是…
It is an honor that
…非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that
…是常识(2)It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that…
很自然…
It is strange that…
奇怪的是…(3)It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that…
似乎…
It happened that…
碰巧…
It appears that…
似乎…(4)It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that…
据报道…
It has been proved that…
已证实…
It is said that…
据说…
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：
（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
（2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?
4.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
a)What you said yesterday is right.b)That she is still alive is a consolation
二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
1.作动词的宾语
(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：
I heard that be joined the army.我听说他参军了。
(2)由what, whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：
a)She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。
b)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2.作介词的宾语，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3.作形容词的宾语，例如：
I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4.it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5.后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：
正确表达：I admire their winning the match.错误表达：I admire that they won the match.6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：
正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man.错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7.否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
三.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：
1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四.同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： 1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
名词性从句专项练习
1．____he does has nothing to do with me.A.whatever B.No matter what C.That D.If 2.The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A.did the quarrel came about
B.the quarrel had come about
C.had the quarrel come about
D.had the quarrel come about 3.Energy is ____makes thing work..A.what B.something C.anything
D.that 4.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 5.This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A.there
B.in which
C.where
D.when 6.They have no idea at all____.A.where he has gone
B.where did he go C.which place has he gone
D.where has he gone
7.The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.A.that
B.which
C.of which
D.of that
8.The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A.that;had to leave
B.that;should leave
C./;must leave
D.when;should leave 9.___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that
B.It;that
C.there;whether D.It;whether 10.The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our
research.A.that
B.which
C.whether
D.if 11.Is _____he said really true?
A.that B.what C.why
D.whether 12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A.That B.Whether C.If
D.Where 13.It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.A.while
B.if
C.that D.for
14.???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A.Whether
B.This
C.who
D.If
15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A.What B.That
C.Whether
D.If 16.____you don’t like him is none of my business.A.What B.That
C.Who
D.How 17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A.What;what B.That;that
C.what;that D.That;what 18.____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A.What
B.It
C.All that
D.That 19.It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.A.believed
B.think
C.say
D.hoped 20.____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A.What
B.That
C.How
D.Where
Keys:
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA
第二篇：高中英语语法权威解析七---定语从句(附练习题)
第七章 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
关系副词有：when, where, why, how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1、关系代词引导的定语从句
1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2)whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
不用that的情况：
a)在引导非限定性定语从句时
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.c)多用who 的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.②先行词为those, people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时
One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.④在There be句型中
There is a stranger who wants to see you.⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin.d)先行词既有人，又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。Who is the person that is standing at the gate.f)关系代词在从句中做表语
He is not the man that he used to be.2、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?
I'm surprised the way how(by which)he works out the problem.注意：
①在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+ which”结构不能代替关系副词。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。Is this the book which(that)she was looking for?
3、名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句 She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.4、as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.用法区别：
(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。As we all know, he never smokes.(2)as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.(4)As 的用法 the same„ as;such„as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和„„一样„„。I should like to use the same tool as is used here.We should have such a dictionary as he is using.定语从句语法专项练习习题精选
用适当的关系词填空：
1.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.2.I'll never forget the day________
we met each other last week.3.Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.4.I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.5.I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.6.This is the school ______I used to study.7.Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week? 8.Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10.Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11.Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.12.I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.13.There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.14.It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.15.It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.16.It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17.The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18.This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.19.This is the way____he did it.20.Who is the student _____was late for school today? 21.Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him? 22.What else was there in my brother____you didn't like? 23.He lives in the room____window faces to the south.24.He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.25.This is Mr.John for____son I brought a book yesterday.26.This is Mr.John for_____I bought a book yesterday.27.This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.28.And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.29.Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.30.I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.KEYS:
1.when
2.when 3.which
4.that/which
5.that 6.where
7.that/which 8.where 9.which
10.where 11.where
12.which 13.when
14.that
15.that
16.that
17.(that)
18.which
19.(that/in which)
20.that 21.that that
23.whose
24.of which
25.whose 26.whom
27.when
28.that
29.that
30.where
第三篇：高考英语语法：名词性从句
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名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词： that, whether ,if（不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词：
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如：
That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。
We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首
2.引导表语从句
3.whether从句作介词宾语
4.从句后有“or not”
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。例如：
It is not important who will go.谁去，这不重要。
It is still unknown which team will win the match.到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。17.2 名词性that-从句 www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：
主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that…
有必要……
It is important that…
重要的是……
It is obvious that…
很明显…… b.It + be +-ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…
人们相信……
It is known to all that…
从所周知……
It has been decided that…
已决定…… c.It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that…
……是常识
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It is a surprise that…
令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…
事实是…… d.It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…
似乎……
It happens that…
碰巧……
It occurred to me that…
我突然想起…… 17.3 名词性wh-从句
1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。
Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。例如：
主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。
表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语：
I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末。例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1）yes-no型疑问从句 www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成。例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。17.5 否定转移
1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如：
I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。例如：
I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。
2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。例如：
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。www.xiexiebang.com 解决高考问题，就上高考圈
3）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。例如：
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。（not否定动名词短语 having…）
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。）
4）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。例如：
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.（否定because状语）
他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struckby her beauty.（否定状语many weeks）她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
第四篇：高中二轮英语语法复习讲解-名词性从句
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高中英语语法之名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever 连接副词：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often 不可省略的连词： 1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句 3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有“or not”
Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二.主语从句
1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …
It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…
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（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9
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(3)It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
4.What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right.三、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时, 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We don’t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。
6.时态：1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。7.宾语从句的连接词
从属连词：连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.连接代词：连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词：连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.8.动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗? 动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we(should)make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.9.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.10.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.11.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④ 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.12.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that 1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
定义：A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么[1]样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。The problem is puzzling.这问题令人困惑 主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether,how.He has become a teacher.他已经成为一名教师。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。She has remained there for an hour.她曾在那里停留了一个小时。
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。His suggestion is good.他的建议是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。The question is confusing.这个问题令人困惑.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。
why he cried yesterday.昨天他为什么哭。
how I can persuade her to join us in the party.我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。
whether the enemy is marching towards us.是否敌人正向我们行进.注意：
A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether 位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.D that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
3、基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句，例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)// The scissors are not what I need.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)// What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)// That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)// That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
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注意： “That is why...”是常用句型，意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。// That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样，例如： That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如： He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如：
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
六、名词性that-从句
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
主语：That she is still alive is her luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b.It + be +-ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 众所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… c.It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… d.It +不及物动词+ that-从句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
七、名词性wh-从句 1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如： 主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
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同位语： I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。
2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。
八、if, whether引导的名词从句 1）yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，例如： 主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。if和whether的区别：
1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如：
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。
2、在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如：
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息。、在介词后，只能用whether。如：
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。如：
Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know.这是否真的，我真的不知道。
（例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。－－此例为主语从句，有误，感谢指出）
5、用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如：
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义.九、否定转移
1)将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
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I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。
2)将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
十、高考热点透视
1.___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET 1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It 答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）
A．how B．after C．what D．when
答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。3.He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 答案：D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
4.What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）
A.when B.how C.whether D.why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。” 5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants缺少宾语，A.however 和D.whenever是不能作宾语的；排除A和D，whichever表示“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选 B．whatever，表示“无论什么”。
6.______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)
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A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 答案C。本题句子的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句，连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词，不能引导从句，况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”，与题意不符，如果要选A.Anyone或B.The person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D.Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
7.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests.(Shanghai1995)A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 答案为C。本题句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever也不行。
8.----I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.----Is that ______ you had a few days off ?(NMET1999)A.why B.what C.when D.where
答案A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗？”
9.I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.(NMET1993)A.when B.how C.where D.what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D．what，而答案C, D均与题意不符，所以应选A．when。used to be表示一种过去存在的状态，本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was？（2001春季招生）
A．where B．what C．how D．which
答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书，所以要填which，这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”。
11.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C when D.as(2001年上海)答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。12.—I think it is going to be a big problem.—Yes, it could be.—I wonder ______ we can do about it.(北京 2002春季)A、if B、how C、what D、that 答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引导方式状语的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
十一、专项考点练习
1.________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A.It is said B.They are said C.It said D.It says 答案A：句型It is said that+主语从句。类似的还有It is believed that……etc 2._____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
A.What B.That C.How D.Where
答案A：观察此从句中缺少主语，而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分又引导的就只有what了 3.It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.A.whether B.if C.that D.how
4.Shanghai has taken on a new look.It isn’t like _____ it used to be.A.what B.how C.that D.which
5.____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.A.There, that B.It, that C.There, whether D.It, whether
6.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.what D.where
7.The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.A.had his daughter grown B.would his daughter grow C.his daughter would grow D.his daughter had grown
8.Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.A.how she is getting along B.how is she getting along C.what she is getting along D.what is she getting along 9.____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A.That;what B.What;that C.That;that D.What;what 10.These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.A.whatever B.which C.that D.whichever 11._____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.The person
12.Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.A.any;who B.every;whoever C.whichever;whoever D.either;whoever
13.____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;why C.What;because D.Why;that 14.It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.A.What;that B.That;that C.What;what D.That;what 15.It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.A.should send B.must be sent C.should be sent D.must go 16.The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.A.which we get;what give we B.what we get;what we give C.which do we get;what do we give D.how we get;that we give 17.We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.A.be put off B.was put off C.should put off D.is to be put off 18.Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A.where B.there C.here where D.where there
19.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who
20.You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited
Keys:1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11----15 C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B
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名词性从句练习(一)1.His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.A.that B.the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact 2.“Is Mary from New York City ” “I don't know _______.” A.from what city does she come from
B.from what city she come C.what city does she come from
D.what city she comes from 3.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 4.The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.A.because I got B.because of getting C.I got D.that I got 5.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A.while
B.that
C.if
D.for 6.Henry killed the dog.I'll ask him why ________.A.did he do that
B.he did that C.he did
D.he has done so 7.Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.A.how he is getting along
B.how is he getting along C.what he is getting along
D.what is he getting along 8.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 9.He asked me ________ with me.A.what is the trouble B.what wrong was C.what was the matter D.what trouble it is 10.I am sure ________ he said is true.A.that B.about that C.of that D.that what 11.When and why he came here ________ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not bee 12.I wonder how much ________.A.does the watch cost B.did the watch cost
C.the watch costed D.the watch costs 13.Mary is ________ someone might recognize her.A.afraid of B.afraid about C.afraid that D.afraid for 14.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late
B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late
D.Being a few minutes late 15.They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer.A.that not all things can be done
B.because of not all things be done C.being not all things can be done D.because not all things can be done 16.Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A.for B.because C.since D.that 17.I don't doubt ________ he'll come.A.that
B.if
C.what
D.whether 18.“Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr.Wang ”
“Well, I forget _______ I was supposed to go to.”
A.which the room B.which room C.what was the room D.what room was it 19.Output is now six times ________ it was before liberation.A.that B.which C.what D.of which 20.Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes.Because she's always saved ________.A.what little she earns B.how little she earns C.for little she earns D.with little she earns 21._______ surprised me most was ________ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A.That...what B.What...that C.That...which D.What...which
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22.We gave him ________ help we could.A.which B.what C.that D.this 23.She is pleased with what you have given him and ________ you have told him.A.that
B.which
C.all what
D.all that 24.Excuse me would you please tell me ________
A.when the sports meet is taken place
B.when is the sports meet going to be held C.when is the sports meet to begin
D.when the sports meet is to take place 25.Do you happen to know ________
A.what size shoes he wears
B.how big shoes he wears C.what is the size of his shoes D.what number shoes are his 26.This book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.A.how you have observed
B.how what you have observed C.that you have observed
D.how that you have observed 27.Where do you think ________
A.has he gone
B.has he been
C.he's gone
D.was he 28.Do you know ________
A.how many populations there are in the world B.how much population there is in the world C.how many the population of the world is
D.what the population of the world is 29.Would you go and see ________ outside
A.what to take place B.what Tom has happened C.what is happening D.what the matter had been 30.The subject of “What is interesting is that I do not even know him.” is_______.A.what B.interesting C.What is interesting D.I 31.________ I think he is Charles.A.Who do you think he is
B.Do you think who he is
C.Whom do you think he is D.Do you think who he is 32.He didn't know which room ________.A.they lived B.they lived in C.did they live D.did they live in 33.The little boy ate ________ his mother gave him.A.that B.which C.whatever D.no matter what 34.The city is no longer ________.A.what it is B.that it used to be C.which it was D.what it used to be 35.My parents used ________ they had to get a new car for me.A.which B.that C.what D.all what 36.______ we go swimming every day _____ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 37.________ was the idea _______ the wife thought of A.What...that B.That...what C.How...why D.Why...how 38._______ did he tell his wife ________ he wished to do
A.That...what B.What...that C.Where...which D.Which...where 39.One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.A.what that B.that what C.that which D.which that 40.I have no idea ________ or not he has finished the work.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 41.“Do you know ________ ” “His father is a doctor.” A.what is his father B.who is his father
C.what his father is D.who his father is 42.Is this ________ we met each other two years ago
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A.place B.place in which C.where D.place which 43.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that 44.We all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A.where B.wherever C.that D.that wherever
45.They discussed _______ they could settle the problem without others' help.A.if B.that C.what D.whether 46.She asked ________.A.what I was doing when she rang me up
B.what was I doing when she rang me up C.when she rang me up what I was doing
D.when did she ring me up what I was doing 47.161718192021-页 共 21 页
第五篇：高中英语语法强化训练(形容词性从句和名词性从句)
高中英语语法 名词性从句部分
表语从句：主语+系动词+表语从句1定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2构成：关联词+简单句3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
(1)从属连词that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.(2)从属连词whether, as, as if。如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us.注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。1．连词because可引导表语从句。如：
I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。
2． 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：
My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。3.“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样，例如：
That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.That is because...（2）主语从句1定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2构成：关联词+简单句3引导主语从句的关联词有三类：
(1)从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether。如：
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：
What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。
Wherever you are is my home----my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。
1． 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：
A.It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B.It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。C.It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
D.It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。
E.It+doesn’t matter(makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？ G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： How strange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪！2．注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)来的人将受到欢迎。Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正确的。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。（3）宾语从句1定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2构成：关联词+简单句3引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词that。如：
He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。
注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。
1． Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2．I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
3．That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4． We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。(2)从属连词if/whether。如：
I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。(1)介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。有时介词可以省略。如：
I don’t care(for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。Be careful(as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。
1．如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不会屈服。
2．作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如： Are you sorry for what you've done? 你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？
3．某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如： I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能确定我该做什么。
I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。4．连词whether(…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如：
I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较： Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。5．宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如： I don’t think you are right.我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？ 6． 宾语从句的时态变化规律：
(1)当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。(2)当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.7.what is / was the matter /wrong with sb作宾语从句, 不改变语序;Who knows what is the matter / wrong with him?（4）同位语从句1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2． 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来？
注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如： I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 句法功能上
that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。
that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上
从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语
如：The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同位语从句，that不可省。)李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.(定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
① I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.② I won’t believe the fact(that)he told me.③ The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.④ The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.⑤ We have no idea at all where he has gone.⑥ That’s the place where he was born
三、考查关联词的正确选用
这是近几年高考的重中之重。解决这一问题可以从以下几点入手: 1.依据“缺什么补什么”的原则确定正确的连词
认真分析句子成分,看从句中缺什么成分,再根据语境和语义,选用恰当的连词。如果从句中缺少主语,指人用who,指物则用what或which;如缺宾语,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺时间状语用when;地点状语用where;原因状语用why;方式状语用how;定语用what或which;如果从句中什么成分都不缺,用that。例如:
I don't know who will be our English teacher next term.(缺主语,指人用who)
I know what should be done and what shouldn't be done.(缺主语,指物用what)
I'm sure that he will come tomorrow.(什么成分都不缺,用that)
Where he will go is still unknown.(缺地点状语,用where)
I don't know which / what topic I should choose.(缺定语,用what或which)2.注意几组易混连词的使用 1)what与that 这是高考测试的一对热点连词,同学们一定要将其掌握。that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;what引导名词性从句时,除起连接作用外,还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语和定语等句子成分。all
that, anything that或 the thing(s)that
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.whether与if在引导动词的宾语从句时,两者一般可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及作介词宾语的宾语从句或后面直接跟or not时,只能用whether。高中英语语法强化训练(形容词性从句和名词性从句)()1.Do you still remember the chicken farm______we visited three months ago? A.where
B when C that D.what()2.Mary wrote an article on _____the team had failed to win the game.A.why
B what C.who D that()3.I have many friends,_______some are businessmen.A.of them B.from which
C.who of D.of whom()4.The poor young man is ready t accept______help he can get.A.whichever
B.however C.whatever D.whenever()5.As soon as he comes back ,I’ll tell him when_______and see him.A.you will come
B.will you come C.you come
D.do you come()6.–Why does she always ask you for help?
-There is no one else______,is there?
A.Who to turn to
B.she can turn to
C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn
()7.Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ____it is rough or smooth.A./ B whether C.how D.what
()8.Last month part of Southeast was struck by floods ,from______effedts the people are still suffering A.that B.whose C.those D.what
()9._______in the regulations that not tell other people the password of your email account.A.What is required
B.What requires
C.It is required
D.It requires()10.If a shop has chairs_____women can park their men ,women will spend more time isn the shop.A.that
B.which C.when D.where（）11.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_____he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Studints’Union.A.during which time
B.for which time
C.during whose time
D.by that time()12.The old lady’s hand frepuently,.She explained to her doctor____this sharking had begun half a year before, and ____,only because of this ,she had been forced to give up her job.A.when ,how B.how ,when
C.how , when D.why, why()13,Some researchers beliver that there is no doubt______a cure for AIDS will be found.A.which B that C.what D whether()14,Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_____ people were eaten by the tiger.A.in which B.by which C.which D.that()15.Mum is coming,What present______for your birthday? A.you expect she has got B you expect has she got C.do you expect she has got D.do you expect has she got()16.-Is that the small town you often refer to?
-Right ,just the one _____you know I used to work for years.A.that B.which C.where D what()17.Frank’s dream was to have his own shop____to produce the workings of his own hands.A.that B.in which C.by which D how()18.I was surprised by her words ,which made me recognize_____silly mistakes I had made.A.what B.that C.how D.how()19.Her sister has become a lawyer,____she wanted to be.A.who B that C.what D.which()20.The schools themseves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs_____they are being trained.A.in that B for that C.in which D.for which()21.The way he did it was different_____we were used to.A.in which B in whichC from what D.from which（）22.Jim passed the drining test,____surprised everybody in the office.A.which B.that C.this D.it
()23.Danby left woud with my secretary__________ he would call again in the afternoon.A.who B that C.as D.which()24.Great changes have taken place in that school ,It is no longer _____it was 20 years ago ,_____it was so poorly equipped.A.what , when
B.that , which
C.what, which
D.which ,that()25.The place ____the bridge is supposed to be built should be _____the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A.which ,where
B.at which ,which
C.at which ,where D.which ,in which()26.-Don’t you think it necessary that he ____in Miami but to New York?
-I agree ,but the problem is ____he has refused to.A.will not be sent , that B.not be sent ,that
C.should not besent, what D.should not send ,what()27.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _____he thought was not enough.A.where B.how C.what D.which()28.He was educated at a local grammat school,______he went ont to Cambridge.A.from which
B.after that C.after which D.from this()29.I walked in our garden, ____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.A.which
B what C where D that()30.Do you have any idea _______is actually going on in the classroom ? A.that B what C as D.which()31.A fast food restaurant is the place ____,just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.A.which
B where C.there D what()32 The other day , my brother drove his car down the street at_____I thought was a mangerous speed.A.as B which C.what D.that()33.Along with the letter was his promise_______he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which
B that C.what D.whether()34 Luckily, we’d brought a road map without_________we would have lost our way.A.a B that
C.this
D which()35 You are saying that everyone should be equal ,and this is ____I disagree.A.why B where C.what D.how()36.We cannot figure out _____quite a number of insects ,birds ,and animals are dying out.A.that
B.as C.why D when()37.____is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It
B.As
B.That
D.What（）38.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____,of course , made the others envy him.A.who
B.that C what D which
()39.A modern city has been set up in ____was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what
B which
C that D where()40.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____they can talk frequently.A.who B as C.about which D.with whom()41.After Yang Liwei succeeded in cireling the earth, ______our astuonauts desire to do is walk in space.A, where
B.what
C.that
D.how()42.A story goes _____Elicabeth I of England liked nothing more than being sur –rounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.when B.where C.what D.that()43.Anyway ,that evening,_____I’ll tell you more about later ,ended up staying at Bachel’s place.A.when
B.where C.what D which()44.I work in a business _____almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.how B.which C.where D.that()45.I think Father would like to know _____I’ve been up to so far ,so I decide to send him him a quick note.A.which B why C what D.how
()46.What surprised me was what he said but ____he said it.A.the way B in the way that C.in the way D.the way which()47.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%____are sold abroad.A.of which B which of C.of them D.of that（）48._____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A.Which B When C.What D.As()49.The journey around the took the old sailor nine months, _____the sailing time was 226 days.A.of which
B.during which C.from which D for which()50There were dirty marks on her trousers_____she had wiped her hands.A.where
B.which C.when D.that()51.We living in age _______many are done on computer.A.which B.that C.whose D.when()52.______has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.A.That
B As C It
D What()53 I can think of many comes _____students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but can’t write a good essay.A.why B which C.us D.where()54.-Are you still thinking about tomorrow’s game?
-Oh, that’s ______.,A.what makes me feel excited
B whatever I feel excited about
C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited()55.It is pretty well understood____controls the the flow of caron dicxide in and out the almosphere today.A that
B when C what D how
()56.People have heard what the President has said ,they are waiting to see____he will do.A.how B.what C.when D.that()57.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter ___it was.A.where B what C.how D.which()58.-I think it's going to be a big problem.-Yes, it could be.-I wonder______we can do about it.A.if B how C.what D.that()59.___she couldn’t understand was _____fewer and fewer students showed interst in her lesson.A.What ,why
B.That, what
C.What , because D.Why ,that()60.There’s feeling in me ____we’ll never know a UFO is_______not ever.A.that
B.which C of which D.what()61.Perseverance is a kind of quality____and that’s ______it takes to do anything well.A.what
B.that C.which D.why()62.Information has been put forward_____more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B that C.when D.as()63.The film brought the back to me _____I was taken care of in that far-way village.A.until
B.that C.when D.where()64._____is known to everyone, the moon round the earth once every month.A.It B.As
C That D.What()65.John said he’d been workine in the for an hour ,_____was true.A.he B.this C.which D.who()66.Have you seen the film “Titanic”_____leading actor is world famous ?
A.its
B.it's
C.whose D.which
()67.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation_____he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why()68.A computer can only do _____you have instructed it to do.A.how
B.after
C.what D.when()69.He is the only one of the students who ______a winner of scholarship for three yearrs.A.is
B.are C.have been D.has been 参考答案：1-5 CADCA 6-10 BBBCD
11-15 ACBAC 16-20 CBADD 21-25 CABAC
26-30 BCCCB 31-35 BCBDB 36-40 CBDAD 41-45 BDDCC 46-50 AADAA 51-55 DBDAC 56-60 BDCAA 61-65 ABCBC 66-69 CACD
that 与what 的混用：
1.That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the
world.(错误)What they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the
world.(正确)注：that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，也不在从句中充当任何成分；而what则表示“什么”“……的东西或事情”，在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语等。上句中的what 应
充当discuss的宾语。if 与whether的混用：
2.If we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow has not been decided yet.(错误)Whether we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow has not been decided yet.(正确）注：if 与whether 引导宾语从句时往往可换，但在下面情况时常使用whether：作介词的宾语时，见例①；在从句中提出两种选择时，见例②；从句提前时，见例③；引导主语从句，表语从句及同位语从句时，见例④。
①I worry about whether I hurt his feelings.②She wasn’t sure whether she should laugh or cry.③Whether he will come or not I don’t quite know.④What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better
future.We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.that 与because 的混用: 3.(1)The reason why he was late for school was because he got up late.(错误)The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late.(正确)⑵Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees
in recent years.(错误)Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in
recent years.(正确)注:reason作主语时引导的表语从句或why引导的名词性从句时常用that不用
because.忽略连词that: 4.These old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to
the people in Britain.(错误)That these old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.(正确)注：that在引导宾语从句时常常可省，但在下面情况时不可省去：宾语从句不止一个时，见例①；宾语从句与主句之间有插入语时，见例②；宾语从句为一个主从复合句时，见例③；引导主语从句，表语从句或同位语从句时，见例④。
①They complain(that)they have to work from morning till night, that it is hard to earn money, that they are bullied(欺负)by the policemen, or that the corporation leaders are seated lazily and enjoy the fruits of others’work.②The teacher said, pleasantly and firmly , that we must overcome the difficulties.③We believe that if we work harder, I will pass the National College Entrance
Examination.④The trouble is that she has lost his address.（表语从句)Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct.15,2003.（同位语
从句）
no matter whowhatwhichhowwhere…与whoeverwhateverwhicheverhoweverwherever… 5.No matter who breaks the rules will be punished.（错误)Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.（正确)注：whoever,whatever,whichever,however,wherever等连词可以引导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句，而no matter whowhatwhichhowwhere…只能引导让步状语从
句。例如，No matter how great the difficulty is, we ought to keep on.Or: However great the difficulty is, we ought to keep on.相似句型的混淆: 6.As is known to all that science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture.（错误)As is known to all, science plays an important part in the development of industry and
agriculture.（正确)It is known to all that science plays an important part in the development of industry
and agriculture.（正确)注：as作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之前时，从句与主句之间要用逗号隔开。It作为形式主语将that 引导的主语从句后置时，that常常不能省
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