第一篇：高中英语语法定语从句小结
定语从句
1.① 关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）
A.从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词一致
one of +动词复数-------He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai
the only one +动词单数-------He is the only one of the students who has been to ShanghaiB.who/whom
介词放在句尾，二者都可用------This is the girl(who/whom)we have been looking for.C.whose=of which
The classroomare broken is unoccupied.The classroomare broken is unoccupied.D.介词+关系代词
⑴v.+prep.which he had been⑵n.+prep.They are still living in the little house ’ve been⑶adj.+prep.The woker E.只用that
⑴.先行词是最高级、序数词
⑵.先行词是all,some/any/no/every+thing ,none
或only,any,few,little,no,all,none of,the very+先行词
⑶.先行词既有人又有物
⑷.who/which…….that…..?
⑸…… which…….that……
② 关系副词(when,where,why)
A.when=on which
先行词：occasion
B.where=in which
先行词：case,point,situation,condition,stage
C.why=for which
先行词：reason
2.A． when=and thenwhere=and there
B． as/which
(1)as在句前、句中、句后------which在句后
(2)非限制性定语从句放在主句之后，用as
定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，用which---He came here very late, which was unexpected
(3)As anybody can see
As we had expected
As often happens
As has been said before
As is mentioned above
As I understand
As appears
(4)As+被动语态------Which+主动语态
第二篇：高中英语语法总结-定语从句
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高中英语语法总结大全之定语从句
定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了
三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
as, which非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)
what/whatever/that...1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)
关系代词that的用法
1）不用that的情况
a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e)先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察
第三篇：高中英语语法教学设计 定语从句
高中英语语法教学设计：定语从句讲解与练习
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常
出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18.5 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it 答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
as 的用法
例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如：
I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）
2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）
18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：
What you want has been sent here.你要的动词都送来了。
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。2）who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。3）that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：
I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。
What we need is more practice.我们需要的是更多的实践。
18.9 关系代词that 的用法 1）不用that的情况
a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介词后不能用。例如：
We depend on the land from which we get our food.我们依赖土地获得食物。
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。定语从句练习:
1.This is the train ____ we went to Shanghai.A.by which B.by that C.whose D.where 2.--Have you ever been to Rome?
--No, but that's the city________.A.where I most like to visit B.I'd most like to visit
C.which I like to visit most D.where I'd like most to visit 3.He keeps a record of everything
he had seen there.A.he
B.that
C.which
D.what
4.Mr.John said that Suzhou was the first city
he had visited in China.A.that
B.where
C.which
D.what
5.The TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this year.A.which
B.what
C.whose
D.that 6.Is this the museum you visited the other day?
A.that
B.where
C.in which
D.the one 7.This is the very film
I've long wished to see.A.which
B.that
C.who
D.whom
8.There is no difficulty
can't be overcome in the world.A.that
B.which
C.who
D.what
9.Who is the person
is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?
A.who
B.that
C.which
D.whom
10.As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ______they can not work out.A.that B.if C.in order that D.as
11.The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery（托儿所）.A.that
B.where
C.what
D.when
12.This is the last time
I shall come here to help you.A.that
B.which
C.when
D.what
13.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A.who
B.that
C.which
D.whom 14.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him whit the way _________-he behaves.A.which
B.what
C.／
D.how 15.This is the baby
tomorrow.A.after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after
C.whose I shall look after D.after whom I shall look after 16.She was no longer the woman
she was.A.that
B.which
C.what
D.her 17.That's the hotel last year.A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed 18.The doctor did all to save the wounded boy.A.what he could B.That he could
C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 19.Anyone
this opinion may speak out.A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 20.The place
you are standing used to be an old church.A.which
B.where
C.that
D.when 21.You've made the same mistake you made last time.A.as
B.like
C.which
D.that
22.It is not such an interesting magazine
I thought.A.as
B.that
C.which
D.／ 23.you know, he is a famous musician.A.As
B.which
C.That
D.／
24.Mr Zhou，native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.A.whose
B.his
C.which
D.that
25.I took my friend to the Summer Palace，we had some photos taken.A.where
B.which
C.that
D.／ 26.Do you remember the day your sister graduated as a Master of Arts? A.which B.on which C.about which
D.／
27.The bus, was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.A.which of most
B.most of which C.which of the most D.most of that 28.We all remember the days we studied together at school.A.which B.that C.when D.／
29.Do you know the reason
he didn't come? A.that
B.which
C.for
D.why
30.He is the only one of the three got the new idea.A.who have B.whom have C.who has D.whose had 31.I'm one of the students well in English in my class.A.who does
B.who do
C.which does
D.who did 32．-Have you read the books?
-Yes, I’ve read all the books _____ you gave me.A.which B.what C.that D.who
33.This is the very place _____ the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over sixty years ago.A.that B.which C.where D.there
34.That young girl is not the one _____ she used to be.A.that B.who C.whom D.what
35.He has four dogs, the biggest _____ is called Wang Wang.A.that B.about which C.of which D.which
36.The old lady had one son and two daughters, _____ treated her well, ____ made her very sad.A.all of them;which B.none of whom;which C.both of whom;which D.neither of whom;that
37.The hard-working farmers and their happy life_____ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us.A.whom B.who C.which D./ 38.The young fellow standing under the tree, ____ is good at English, is from Beijing.A.who B.which C.when D.that
39.We visited the factory _____ makes toys for children.A.where B.which C.in which D.at which
40.They said that the host had enough glasses for each guest, _____ were handed down from his grandfather.A.who B.that C.which D.Whose 41.This is all_____I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.which D.whether 42.This is the job _____they laughed.A.which B.that C.at that D.at which
第四篇：高中英语语法定语从句教案及练习
高中英语语法--定语从句
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常
出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
及物动词和不及物动词
A 有些动词只是及物动词;它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。
{ False: They always want after lunch.Right: They always want a cup of tea after lunch.{ False: He is sending now.Right: He is sending a letter now.B 有些动词只是不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语，动词后面必须加上介词。
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it
B.that
C.which
D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which
C.as
D.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
（2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
as 的用法
例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如：
I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。
例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）
2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）
18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：
What you want has been sent here.你要的动词都送来了。
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
2）who= the person that
whoever= anyone who。例如：
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。
3）that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：
A.of whom B.from whom C.about that D.who 14.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.A.where
B.who
C.in which D.which 15.Have you read the book ____ I lent to you? A.that B.whom C.when D.whose 16.Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.A.that
B.which
C.whatever D.all 17.The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A.most of them B.most of that C.most of whom D.most of those 18.This is the very letter ____came last night.A.who
B.which
C.that D.as 19.I know only a little about this matter;you may ask ____ knows better than I.A.whoever B.whomever C.anyone D.the one 20.This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.A.where
B./
C.when 21.This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.A.where
B.that C.which A.which B.in which
C.that
D.what D.on which 22.Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.D./ 23.Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.A.that, what B.what, that C.which, what D.that, which 24.Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow? A.that B.which
C.its
D.whose 25.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.A.whom B.who
C.to whom D.form whom 26.Is this school ____ we visited three years ago? A.the one B.which
C.that
D.where 27.Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago? A.the one B.where
C.in which D./ 28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country? A.whose
B.who C.whom D.which 29.Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.A.it
B.which
C.that D.he 30.The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.A.when there were B.which there were C.that there were D.where there were 31.I live in the house ____ windows face south.A.which
B.whose
32.----What game is popular with them?
C.where
D.in that
----The ____ most is tennis.A.game they like it B.game they like C.best game they like D.best game they like it 33.They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.A.which
B.which time C.during which time D.during which 34.The room ____ Mr.White lives is not very large.A.that B.which
C.where
D.when 35.Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.A.when B.that C.at which D.where 36.I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.A.that B.what C.which
D.when 37.He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.6-
第五篇：初中英语语法归纳：定语从句
初中英语语法归纳：定语从句一 名词性从句:
1.主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.2.主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语.:
3.形式宾语
4.由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句
5.whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同.当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if.Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.Whether he will come or not is not known.6.在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because.The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.二: 定语从句
1.引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which.在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.2.当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that.3.as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用.As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.4.介词+which/whom/whose从句
5.代/名+介词+which 从句
6.同位语从句和定语从句
三、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
四、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
五、关系代词的用法
1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意：(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况：
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：
Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
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