初中英语语法---状语从句小结

第一篇：初中英语语法---状语从句小结

初中英语语法---状语从句小结

状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。根据它表达的意思的不同，可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等。时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、原因状语从句都是中考的重点。

一、时间状语从句

时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的时间，引导时间状语从句的连词有when, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till, until, since等。

until 用于肯定句中，表示句子的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止，即表示动作的终点。一般可译为“直到……时(为止)”或“在……以前”。在这种用法中，句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词)，如live, wait, last, love, like, stay, work, continue等。until用于否定句中，表示句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开始发生，即表示动作的起点。一般译为“直到……才”或“直到……之前(……还不)”

eg.It may last until Friday.这可能要延续到星期五。

用于否定句中：

eg.The secret was never told until after the old man's death.这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来。

连词until

以同样的方式分析作连词的until的用法。作连词用的until的英文释义是up to the time when(直到……时为止)。

作连词的until用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中，主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词)，如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。

eg.Heat can be conducted from a hot body to a cooler one until both are at the same temperature.热可以从一个热的物体传到一个较冷的物体，直到两者温度相同为止。

作连词的until用于否定句中 , 表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生，或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到……才”。

eg.I hadn't realized she was foreign until she spoke.她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。

since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法：

一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：

eg.He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。

二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。

eg.I haven't heard any noise since I slept.Sleep为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。

John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher.约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。

while表示“正当 …… 时”；(指同时)用于同时进行的两延续性动作相伴随而发生，常对同类的两动作进行对比。

eg.Please write while I read.我念的时候，请写下来。

when表示“当 …….时：可表示瞬间、时间段，与主从句所述动作、事情可同时，也可有先后。例：

eg.It was snowing when we got to the airport.我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。(同时发生)。

as当…时，强调at the same time

① 不指先后，而指同时发生，尤指短动作或事件同时发生，eg.I looked;someone came here.正当我看的时候，有个人走过来。

② as不可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。

eg.As I get older, I get more optimistic.随着年龄变大我变得更加乐观。

as、when、while都可引导时间较长的同时发生的“背景”情况。

eg.As(when, while)I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of a shop.当我顺着马路往前走的时候，我发现一家商店前停着一辆警车。

注意：1.在以as soon as, until, when等引导的时间状语从句中，通常用一般现在时，而主句用将来时。

2.since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时，并且动词用延续性动词。

二、条件状语从句

条件状语从句表示主句动作发出的前提或条件、假想、推测等，条件状语从句通常由连词if, unless等引导。

eg.I'll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果我明天有空，我就帮你学英语。

He won't be late unless he is ill.他不会迟到的，除非他生病了。

注意：在if, unless等词引导的条件状语从句，主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来的含义。

三、目的状语从句

目的状语从句表示主句的动作发生的目的或愿望，可用so that, that, in order that等词引导。

目的状语动词中常有情态动词may/might, can/could, should或will/would.eg.He visited London in order that he could see his parents.＝He visited London so that he could see his parents.为了看望父母他来到了伦敦。

School was closed early in order that the children might get home ahead of the storm.学校早放学，为的是让孩子们在暴风雨前到家。

四、结果状语从句

结果状语从句表示主句的动作所引起的结果，可以用so…that, such…that等引导。

eg.The burglar wore gloves, so that there were no fingerprints found.窃贼带着手套，所以没有发现指纹。

He spoke so quickly that only a few students could follow him.他讲话太快，只有几个学生能听懂。

The house is so expensive that very few people can afford it.房子价格太贵，很少有人买得起。

He was so good a runner that nobody could catch him.他是跑步的能手，没人能赶上他。

It is such a good chance that we mustn't miss it.如此好的机会我们绝不能错过。

It is such nice weather that I don't like to stay at home.天气这么好，我不愿呆在家里。

辨析：so…that和such…that

so…that和such…that的意思均为“如此……以致……”，都用来引导结果状语从句。但二者用法不尽相同，现归纳如下：

1.so…that结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；such…that中的such为形容词，后面接名词(名词前可以有形容词修饰)。

eg.He became so angry that he couldn't speak.他变得很生气，以致说不出话来。

It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.那是一个很晴朗的日子，我们出去散步。

2.当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many, much, few, little等修饰时，只能用so，不能用such.eg.There was so much noise outside that we couldn't hear the teacher.外面嘈杂声很大，以致我们不能听到老师的话。

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他跌了这么多的跤，以致全身青一块、紫一块的。

注意：若名词前的little解释为“小(的)”意思时，则仍用such, 而不能用so.eg.They are such little sheep that they can't run fast.它们是小绵羊，以至于它们跑得不快。

3.当that前是单数可数名词且该名词前面有形容词修饰时，so与such可以互换，即：so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.eg.She is so good a teacher that we all love her.＝She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一位好老师，我们都爱她。

4.当that前是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，则必须用such，不能用so来代替。

eg.It was such fine weather that they all went swimming.那是个好天气，他们都去游泳了。

They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.它们是如此好的苹果，以致我们想吃它们。

五、原因状语从句

原因状语从句由because, as, for, since等引导。

eg.We couldn't walk very fast because the road was very slippery.因为路滑我们走不快。As she's been ill, perhaps she'll need some help.她由于生病可能需要些帮助。

Since you're not interested, I won't tell you about it.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你。

辨析：because, since, as和for

1.because语气最强，表示直接原因，可用于回答 why 提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等，而其余三者均不行。

eg.“Why didn't he come?” “Because he was ill.” “他为什么没来?”“因为他病了。”

My stomach hurts because I have eaten too many apples.我肚子痛，因为苹果吃得太多。

That's because you can't appreciate music.这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。

It is because he is honest that I like him.是因为他诚实我才喜欢他。

2.since语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，译为“既然”，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。

eg.Since you don't like it, I'll put it away.既然你不喜欢，我就把它放在一边。

Since you are wrong, you should apologize.你既然错了，就应该道歉。

3.as “由于，鉴于”，指客观事实，常与since互换使用。

eg.As there was no answer, I wrote again.鉴于没回复，我又写了一封信。

As you weren't there, I left a message.由于你不在那儿，我留了个口信。

4.for 是并列连词，不说明直接原因而是对某种情况加以推断，其引导的分句前常有逗号。

eg.He must be ill, for he is absent today.他一定是生病了，因为他今天没来。

He took the food eagerly, for he has eaten nothing since dawn.他狼吞虎咽地吃了起来，因为他从天亮都没吃过东西。

六、比较状语从句

常由than, as…as…, not as(so)…as等连词引导。eg.John is taller than his brother.约翰比他的弟弟高。I'm as tall as you.我和你一样高。

He doesn't pay as much tax as we do/ as us.他没有我们交的税款多。

七、方式状语从句

常由as, as if(as though)等连词引导。

eg.Leave it as it is.保持原状，别动它。

Do it as I do it.照我的样子做这件事。

He treats me as if/ as though I were a child.他把我当小孩子一样来对待。

They completely ignore the fact as if/ as though it never existed.他们完全忽略了这个事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。

八、让步状语从句

常由though(although)等连词引导。

eg.Although it was cold, he went out without a coat.尽管天气很冷，他没有穿大衣就出去了。

Though they are poor, they have enough to eat.他们虽然很穷，食物还是够吃的。

典型例题：

1.I________ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow.A.will return B.returned

C.have returned

D.return

解析：考查状语从句的时态。在if条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，故选A。

2.－Dick gave me a note while I________ in the library.－I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you.A.am reading

B.was reading

C.reads

D.will read

解析：主句使用了一般过去时，时间状语从句也应使用过去的某种时态，这里应使用过去进行时，表示动作正在发生。下句I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you.也为解题提供了很好的提示。故选B。

3.－Look!Here comes our school bus.－No hurry.Don't get on it________ it has stopped.A.until

B.after

C.since

D.when

解析：考查时间状语从句。句意为“看！我们的校车来了。”“别急。等车停稳再上去吧。”选A，not…until直到……才，是固定搭配。

4.I didn't know he came back________ I met him in the street.A.since

B.when

C.until

D.After 解析：考查时间状语从句。句意为：直到在街上见到他，我才知道他回来了。not…until是固定结构，表示“直到……才”。故选C。

5.I'll do it better if the teacher________ me another chance.A.give

B.gives

C.gave

D.will give

解析：考查状语从句的时态。if引导的状语从句一般遵循“主将从现”的规则，故选B。

6.When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she________ the piano.A.is playing

B.plays

C.was playing

D.played

解析：When引导的时间状语从句使用了一般过去时，主句也应使用过去的某种时态，这里表示动作正在发生（她正在弹钢琴），用过去进行时，这能使描写的对象更加生动。故选C。

7.I have been trying my best to study English________ I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics.A.until

B.because

C.though

解析：考查原因状语从句。I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics.（我想有机会成为一名北京奥运会的志愿者）与I have been trying my best to study English（我一直在竭尽全力学习英语）构成因果关系，故选B。

8.－How was your climbing on Mount Tai？

－I didn't believe I could do it________ I got to the top.A.until

B.unless

C.after

D.when

解析：考查时间状语从句。not…until“直到……才”是固定句式。句意为“你爬泰山的感受是什么？”“我简直难以置信，直到登上山顶”。

9.－Look at the noisy kids!

－Haven't you heard the saying“When the cat is away, the mice________.”?

A.play

B.played

C.are playing

D.will play

解析：考查含有时间状语从句的主句的时态。规律是：“主将从现”，即从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选D。“When the cat is away, the mice will play.”（相当于“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。”）

10.He met many problems________ he was going over his lessons.A.before

B.as soon as

C.since

D.while

解析：考查时间状语从句中连词的选用。要从意义和句子逻辑两方面考虑。与as和when相比，叙述两个较长时间的动作，特别是提供“背景”的时间更长时，常用while，故选D。句意为“他在复习功课时碰到了许多问题。”

语法专练：

一、时间、地点、条件、让步状语从句练习

1.People behind you will be unhappy ________ you talk too long on the phone.A.as

B.for

C.if

2.________ you don't go to see the doctor, ________ you'll be worse.A.If;/

B.If;and

C.If;or

3.Mother was busy cooking in the kitchen ________ father was watching TV in the sitting room.A.as

B.when

C.while

4.Don't leave the office________ I come back.A.when

B.if

C.until

5.I didn't go to bed________ all the TV programmes were over.A.until

B.when

C.after

6.There are usually some people watching________ those retired workers play chess.A.which

B.where

C.as

7.________ it was raining, ________ we went on with our sports meeting.A.Though;/

B.Though;but

C./;but

8.I reached the station________ the train had just moved.A.until

B.after

C.as soon as

9.The mouse had run into the hole________ the cat could catch it.A.before

B.after

C.as soon as

10.The baby stopped crying________ he saw his mother.A.until

B.as soon as

C.then

二、原因、比较、目的、结果状语从句练习。用所给的关联词将简单句连接成复合句。1.He didn't pass the exam.He hadn't gone over his lessons.（because）2.You can buy the dictionary.You have got enough money.（since）

3.You have seen the film twice.You can give the ticket to your brother.（now that）4.It was a long letter.It took her more than two hours to type it.（such…that）

5.I called out to him in a loud voice.He heard me on the other side of the street.（so that）6.Lily sings well.Linda sings well, too.（as…as）

7.Jim looks weak.His brother Tim looks even weaker.（than）

8.Mr.and Mrs.Smith work hard.They want to send their son to college.（in order that）9.I'll give you some more examples.You can learn how to use this expression.（so that）10.He ran very fast.Nobody in our class could catch up with him.（so…that）

三、句型转换

1.The students were reading books.The teacher came into the room.（合并为一个含有时间状语从句的复合句）

________________________________________________

2.After the mother came back, the little girl went to bed.（改为同义句）

The little girl________ ________ to bed________ the mother cam back.3.Jane and Kate are of the same age.（改为同义句）

Jane is________ ________ ________ Kate.4.Study hard, and you'll catch up with your classmates.（改为同义句）

________ you ________ study hard, you ________ catch up with your classmates.5.There are many rabbits in the filed in Australia.The farmers can't kill them all.（改为同义句）

There are ________ many rabbits in the filed in Australia________ farmers can't kill them all.6.The boy is so lazy that he does badly in all his lessons.（改为同义句）

He is ________ a________ boy ________ he does badly in all his lessons.7.If he isn't ill, he won't be late.（改为同义句）

He won't be late________ he is ill.8.He visited London to see his parents.（改为复合句）

He visited London ________ ________ ________ he could see his parents.9.I will try it;I may fail.（改写为让步状语从句）

I will try it, ________ ________ I may fail.10.Without your help, I can't finish the work on time.（改为同义句）

________ you ________ help me, I can't finish the work on time.四、完形填空

Have you ever heard of the satellite called Early Bird which was built by an organization consisting of 16 countries? Now dozens of satellites 1_____ into space, and they help people in many ways.You can speak to people on 2_____ side of the world over the telephone 3_____ the help of satellites.They can help take photos of Earth and produce maps.Some pictures 4_____ by satellites show us the exact places where different metals can be found.They can also 5_____ the differences between healthy plants and poor ones.This is a great help to the scientists 6_____ work in forests.Satellites benefit our daily life.For example, satellites for 7_____ are used to send radio and TV programs from one part of the world to another.It is satellites that make our world seem 8_____.A number of research stations have been set up to study outer space.In the past, it was difficult 9_____ the scientists to get a clear picture of the dusty air, while satellites make it easier now.They are being used more and more to collect information about space, just like 10_____ between space and us.1.A.has put

B.have put

C.has been put

D.have been put

2.A.other

B.both

C.neither

D.the other

3.A.with

B.in

C.by

D.at

4.A.take

B.takes

C.taking

D.taken

5.A.say

B.speak

C.tell

D.read A.which

B.who

C.where

D.what

7.A.weather

B.army

C.industry

D.broadcasting

8.A.cleaner

B.smaller

C.larger

D.farther

9.A.for

B.of

C.with

D.by

10.A.lines

B.lights

C.bridges

D.ropes

五、阅读理解

They British Museum is the biggest museum in the world.Inside you feel smaller than usual.The story of the British Museum goes back three hundred years to one unusual man.Sir Hans Sloane, a doctor to King George Ⅱ.The doctor collected books, drawings, clothes, money, animals, flowers, things from all over the world.The doctor wanted everything to stay together when he died, so that people could come and have a look.The British Museum began.King George Ⅱ gave his library, and the museum started to grow.The British Museum opened in 1759, six years after Sir Hans Sloane died.At first the museum was only open three days a week and only ten people could enter in an hour.There wasn't much time to see things.Visitors had to run through the rooms.By about 1800, things began to get better.Wonderful statues（雕像）, three thousand years old, arrived from Egypt.George IV sold all his books to the museum secretly.A hundred years ago, not only old books but also new ones arrived at the museum, and more people came to read them.Since then many famous men have written and studied there.And the library is growing faster and faster.There are four kilometers of new shelves every year and there are about two million visitors every year.1.Sir Hans Sloane was interested in_____.A.collecting all kinds of books B.collecting all kinds of drawings C.collecting all kinds of money D.collecting all kinds of things

2.When you go inside the British Museum, you feel smaller than usual because_____.A.the museum is empty

B.the museum is very big

C.there are too many things in it

D.you are too small

3.Sir Hans Sloane died_____.A.in 17

53B.in 1759

C.in 1765

D.in 1800

4.At first, the visitors had to run through the museum because_____.A.there were only several things to see B.the museum was the biggest one in the world C.they were not interested in the things in it D.they had only one hour to see all the things in it 5.The passage is mainly about_____.A.Sir Hans Sloane

B.George Ⅱ

C.the history of the British Museum D.the books of the museum

答案与解析：

一、1.C 本句用从属连词if引导条件状语从句。本句如果使用as引导原因状语从句或用for连接并列句，句子时态要调整：People behind you are unhappy as you have talked too long on the phone.People behind you are unhappy, for you have talked too long on the phone.2.A if用来连接条件状语从句，and或or用来连接并列句，所以用if就不能用后两个并列连词。

3.C while在这儿连接一个时间状语，表示与主句同时进行的动作。

4.C “not…until…”句型表示“不到……就不（要）……”或“直到……才……”。

5.C 本句的最佳答案是after，而until不能使用，除非将主句改为否定句：I didn't go to bed until all the TV programmes were over.6.B 本句中用where引导地点状语从句。

7.A though与but不能并用；可只用but，但句子开头须大写。

8.B after引导时间状语从句，明确表示从句动词表示的动作先于主句动词表示的动作。

9.A before引导时间状语从句，明确表示主句动词表示的动作先于从句动词表示的动作。

10.B as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示从句动作一发生，主句动作即发生。由于两个动作连接紧密，所以从句中不一定要用过去完成时。

二、1.He didn't pass the exam because he hadn't gone over his lessons.用because引导原因状语从句置主句之后。

2.Since you have got enough money, you can buy the dictionary.用since引导状语从句表示说话双方都知悉的原因。

3.Now that you have seen the film twice, you can give the ticket to your brother.Now that引导原因状语从句，表示“既然……”。

4.It was such a long letter that it took her more than two hours to type it.such后往往跟名词或名词性词组，和that连接表示结果。

5.I called out to him in a loud voice so that he heard me on the other side of the street.so that在本句中引导结果状语从句。

6.Linda sings as well as Lily.“as＋副词原级＋as”表示两者程度相同。

7.Jim's brother Tim looks even weaker than he（looks weak）.than引导一个省略了谓语部分的比较状语从句。

8.Mr.and Mrs.Smith work hard in order that they may send their son to college.“in order that”引导目的状语从句。

9.I'll give you some more examples so that you can learn how to use this expression.“so that”在本句中引导目的状语从句。

10.He ran so fast that nobody in our class could catch up with him.“so…that…”引导结果状语从句。

三、句型转换

1.The students were reading books when the teacher came into the room.2.didn't go;until/ before/ till 3.as old as 4.If;don't;won't 5.so;that 6.such;lazy;that 7.unless 8.in order that 9.even though

10.If;don't

四、完形填空

1.D 本句使用现在完成时的被动语态。

2.D 由名词side判断，应排除B项；C项表否定，不合题意；表示特指就用定冠词the, the other side of the world意为“世界的另一端”，故选D。

3.A with the help of为固定短语，意为“在……帮助下”。

4.D 过去分词作后置定语。some pictures taken by satellites“被卫星拍的图片”。

5.C tell在此意为“区分，辨别”，其他选项不合文意。

6.B 本句使用定语从句，先行词为人，故使用关系词who.7.D broadcasting意为“广播”。

8.B 由句意可知“卫星使我们的世界似乎变小了”。

9.A “对于某人来讲”用介词for.10.C “卫星好像是太空和我们之间的桥梁”。

五、阅读理解

1.D 由短文第三段第一句“The doctor collected books, drawings, clothes, money, animals, flowers, things from all over the world.”可知，他收集各种各样的东西。

2.B 由短文第一句可知。

3.A 由短文第四段第一句可知，博物馆是在Sir Hans Sloane去世六年后开业的，而开业是在1759年，应减去六年即1753年去世的。

4.D 由短文第四段可知，初进博物馆一次只允许10个人进入1小时，时间紧，游人不得不跑。

5.C 本文主要讲述英国博物馆的历史。

第二篇：初中英语语法复合句状语从句教案

第14单元 复合句—状语从句

状语从句在句中作状语，修饰句中的动词、形容词或副词等。

状语从句由从属连词作关联词，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。状语从句在主句之前，一般要用逗号分开，朗读时用升调。状语从句在主句之后，一般不用逗号，朗读时用降调。

状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等类型。

1.时间状语从句

(1)常用的连词有when, while, before, after, until(till),since, as soon as等。

(2)时间状语从句中一般不用将来时，若谈论将来的事情，往往用一般现在时代替。

『例』 I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.As soon as he finishes the work, he will come to see me.(3)when和while都表示“当……的时候”，但有区别。when强调“特定时间”。

『例』 There was a loud knock at the door when he was just falling asleep.while表示的时间是一段，而不是一点。

『例』 While he was having supper, he heard someone knock at the door.while有时还有对比的含义。

『例』 While I was reading, he was writing.2.原因状语从句

(1)常由because, since, as引导。

(2)because表示直接的原因，着重点在从句，用于回答why,语气最强。『例』 I can't go to school because I am ill.since一般表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由，全句中心在主句，语气比because弱，常译为“既然”。

『例』 Since you are ill, I'll go alone.as表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱。常译为“由于”。

『例』 As it is raining hard, we won't go hiking.

for是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列分句后面，表示一种推理或解释，或用作附加说明，而不是指理由或原因，语气最弱，一般不放在句首，常译成“因为”。

『例』 You haven't met him, for he didn't come here.3.条件状语从句

常由if(假如、如果)No matter(不管)来引导。

『例』 No matter what he says，I won't believe him，如果主句是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时来表示将来。『例』 I'll go for a picnic if it is fine.4.结果状语从句

一般由so...that, such...that引导。

『例』It's such a heavy box that nobody can move it.The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.5.目的状语从句

往往由so that, in order that引导。

『例』I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.He set off early in order that he might be in time.6.比较状语从句

常由as...as, than, not as/so...as等引导。比较从句部分常是省略句，『例』 I'm taller than he(is).Science is not as popular as English.7.方式状语从句 常用as引导。

『例』 You should do it as I told you.8.让步状语从句

由though或although等引导，但不能与but同时连用。『例』 Though it snowed heavily, they kept on working.9.地点状语从句

常用where, wherever引导。『例』 I'll go where work is hard.

第三篇：状语从句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(条件、让步和对比从句)条件从句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引导，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.让步从句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等从属连词引导，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述让步从句的某些从属连词时注意以下几点：

a.although(though)不可与连词 but 连用；

b.as 引导的从句意义和 though 相似，但表示的语气较强，并须将强调的词放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引导的从句中，however / no matter how 后须紧跟形容词或副词，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.对比从句

表示两个人或两件事之间的对比，常用 while 或 whereas 引导，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、结果和目的从句)原因从句

主要由下列从属连词引导：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 语气最强，表示直接、主要原因，通常引导的从句放在句尾，特别是回答 why 提出的问题只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明显的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。这些连词与 as, since 意思相近，通常用于书面语，并且它们兼有其它意义。now that 有“时间”含义，表示”既然”，说明一种新

情况；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“条件”含义；in that 有”某一方面”含义，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.结果从句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等连词引导，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的从句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等连词引导，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引导结果从句也可引导目的从句，但结果从句表示事实，通常不含情态动词；目的从句表示希望或想要实现的事实，通常含有情态动词，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（结果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意义，并且从句中动词须用 “动词原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虚拟语气，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比较从句)方式从句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等连词引导，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，但如果主句谓语是感官动词，并且所述情况实现可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比较从句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等连词引导，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例从句和其它从句)比例从句

由关联词 the...the...连接形容词或副词比较级构成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它从句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引导的类比从句；so(as)far as 引导的范围从句；except that 引导的例外从句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引导的择比从句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人的身体。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（据我所知，他是一个诚实的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我会很高兴去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他宁可沿街乞讨，也不愿意用欺骗手段骗取钱。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他宁可要那个小的，而不愿要那个大的。）

第四篇：初中英语语法归纳：定语从句

初中英语语法归纳：定语从句一 名词性从句:

1.主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.2.主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语.:

3.形式宾语

4.由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句

5.whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同.当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if.Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.Whether he will come or not is not known.6.在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because.The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.二: 定语从句

1.引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which.在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.2.当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that.3.as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用.As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.4.介词+which/whom/whose从句

5.代/名+介词+which 从句

6.同位语从句和定语从句

三、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

四、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

五、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

注意：(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

第五篇：初中英语语法总结(从句)

初中英语语法总结（从句）

从句分为定语从句，状语从句和名词从句三大类。定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性从句两种，由关系代词或关系副词引导，修饰主句的某个成分。状语从句分为时间、结果、让步、原因、条件及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及there be句型。

1．定语从句

限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在从句中作主语或宾语。that作宾语时常可省略，which则不能，而且其后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不能省略。which作宾语时，先行词与which之间的介词不能省。例如：

1.The first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830．

2.The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part，during which he sailed round the Cape Horn．

代表a11，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。例如：

1.I care anything that has something to do with it．

2.You'd better do something he prefers to do to please him．

3.That is the last time we met each other．

4.I came across the woman you told me about yesterday．

who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句的主语和宾语。where是关系副词，用于表示地点的定语从句，而when用来表示时间。whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语。例如:

1.Henry Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of mass production．

2.The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg．

3.The next morning，when she came down to breakfast，Mary was beaming with the pleasure of a new，great discovery．

4.The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department．

在下列情况，限定性定语从句的关系代词可以省略：1)当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语；或它们在从句中作介词的宾语，而该介词又在句末时；2)当先行词是that，all，only，everything，something，nothing等代词时，或先行词前有一个最高级形容词修饰时；3)当先行词前有only，any，all，first，no，last等修饰时，或先行词就是time，moment，way(anyway)，direction，distance等名词时，关系代词即可省略。例如：

1.The delegation we had been waiting for finally arrived．

2.I met the woman you told me about．

3.She gave me all she could afford．

4.With TV we can see things happen almost at the exact moment they are happening．

非限定性定语从句，其作用为：对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明，它与主句用逗号隔开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作关系代词。例如:

1.The telephone，as we know，was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell．

2.The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home President 3.Franklin

D．Roosevelt，who died there on April 12，1945．

4.Living in a damp house for a long time is harmful to one’s health，which is known to everyone．

2．状语从句

状语从句可分为：时间状语从句(主要由when，whenever，after，before，a5，slnce，once，assoonas初中英语语法总结，Until，while等连词引导)，结果状语从句(由so…that和such…that连接)，让步状语从句(由though，although，no matter，even if初中英语语法总结，however初中英语语法总结，whatever等词引导)，原因状语从句(由as，because，since和for引导)，条件状语从句(由if，whether，as long as，provided that等词引导)，地点状语从句(由where引导)，行为方式状语从句(由as引导)。有时条件状语从句中，主句不可以用将来时，而用一般时代替。例如：

1.The small greenish flowers of the elm tree appear in the Spring，long before the leaves grow.2.QiongYao's novels used to be so popular that her books appeared on best-seller lists.3.Gas balloon is less safe than hot balloon because it may catch fire.4.Uniform acceleration(同样的加速)occurs if the rate of change remains the same over successive equal intervals of time．

5.Thousands of Chinese college students went to the US Consulate 6.Shanghai，where they protested NATO's bombing at China's Embassy in Yugoslavia.状语从句中的 “主语+be”可以省略，前提是：从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语“be”省略后的结构为“连词+现在分词／过去分词介词短语／形容词／名词短语”。)例如：

1.When well fitted，glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes．

2.If necessary，I would like to see you in your office.3.Although seriously wounded，he never complained．

3．名词从句

名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句，其中有介词与形容词的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1）主语从句

主语从句常出现在it is+名词、形容词、分词+主语从句”的形式中。例如：

1.It is reported that Taiwanese pop singer Meng Tingwei will hold a solo concert in Shanghai someday this month．

2.It must be pointed out that you have failed to meet the deadline．

3.It usually happened that I was late because of traffic jams.主语从句还可用when，where初中英语语法总结，how，why，whether等连接副词，和who，whom，whose，what，which初中英语语法总结，whoever，whatever，whichever等连接代词来引起。例如：

1.How to arrange the meeting is not your task．

2.Whose candidate will win the election is the question both political parties are asking．

3.When I leave is my own decision.4.Whoever will go to the party won't change my mind of staying at home．

2)宾语从句

宾语从句可由that，疑问代词或副词how，why和where等引出。例如：1.To postpone the conference until next month indicated that they were unprepared．

2.Nearly a11 the staff agreed with what I said．

3.Everyone worried about her because no one was aware of where she had gone．

4.Could you offer more details except that it happened at night?

由what，whether，how引导的宾语从句可用在介词后，而由that引导的从句只跟but，besides，except，in，save之后。例如:

1.I can hardly believe in what they have done.2.He doesn’t know my phone number except that the city code is 021.一些表语性的形容词，如：alarmed，amazed，annoyed，astonished，certain，confident，disappointed，glad，pleased，proud，sad，shocked，sure，surprised，worried，ect.做表语时，后面可跟由that，how等引导的宾语从句。例如：

1.I was amazed how he could pass the exam without attending the lectures．

2.He is confident that he will pass the Band 6 examination．

3.She was surprised how simple his problem is．

4.We are all pleased that he will be able to pass the final examination.3)表语从句

表语从句对主语的内容起解释和阐述的作用；若表语从句用that引起，that起连接作用，不能省略。b表语从句也可用连接词how，when，where，why，what引起。由because引起的表语从句通常只用在“this／that／it is because” 结构中。例如：

1.A logarithm(对数)is what is known in algebra exponent(代数的指数)．

2.One thing I admire most about them is that they are hospitable．

3.She works too hard；That is why she is exhausted．

4.I must point out that where you intend to build a super-market is where the elderly do exercise every day．

4)同位语从句

同位语从句是由两个或两个以上同一层次语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能相同。同位语从句由that引导，也可由whether初中英语语法总结，how，why，where，when等来引导。例如：

1.She ignored the teacher's instruction that she must study hard．

2.The question whether or not I should help him in such a case troubled me greatly．