原因状语从句(教案)

第一篇：原因状语从句(教案)

原因状语从句

教学目标：1.复习原因状语从句的用法

2.掌握because, since, as, now that的区别

3.for 引导的并列句与原因状语从句的辨析

教学重点：1.复习原因状语从句的用法

2.掌握because, since, as, now that的区别 3.for 引导的并列句与原因状语从句的辨析

教学难点：1.掌握because, since, as, now that的区别

2.for 引导的并列句与原因状语从句的辨析

一、课前预习：

认真预习《中考零距离—系统复习集》P132-133有关原因状语从句的知识点，系统了解原因状语从句的用法。

二、课堂活动：

A、引导原因状语从句的连词

原因状语从句一般由从属连词because, as, since，now that引导。B、because, as, since和now that的区别：

1、because“因为”，表示直接的原因，语气最强。1）why提问的句子，必须用because回答。2）because的从句常放在主句之后。3）because 不能与so连用。

4）because+ 从句；because of+ 名词短语 I missed the train because I got up late.He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.-Why didn’t he come yesterday?-Because he was ill.2、as“因为”，语气较弱，一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因。

As he was not well, I decided to go there without him.As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.3、since/ now that“既然”，一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因或众所周知的事实。

Since/ Now that this method doesn’t work, let]s try another.Since/ Now that you feel ill, you'd better not go to work.C、for 引导的并列句与原因状语从句的辨析

并列连词for“因为”，引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首，常用逗号把它和前面的分句隔开。对主句补充说明理由或推断原因。

It rained last night, for the ground is wet.She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.Exercise:

一、填入恰当的连词

1.I didn’t go to school yesterday _________ I was ill.2.________ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.3.________ you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.4.I asked her to stay to tea, ________ I had something to tell her.5.________ all the passengers are here, why don’t we start at once? 6.Bill won’t make any progress ________ he doesn’t study harder than before.7.He might have gone to bed, ________ the light went out.二、改写句子,保持句意不变

1)The ship changed its course because there was a storm.The ship changed its course _______ _______ _______ _______.2)Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.He was ill, _______ he didn’t go to school.3)He couldn't walk because his leg was broken.He couldn't walk ______ ______ his ______ leg.4)I came back because it was raining heavily.I came back ______ ______ the ______ rain.三、课堂小结：

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

四、回家作业：

一、填入恰当的连词

1.______ you do not understand, I will explain again.2.______ Jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others.3.He must be ill, ______ he is absent today.4.The teacher must be strict with you ______they want you to make great progress.5._____your father is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.6.The day breaks, _____the birds are singing.7.______ you are ill, you’d better go to see the doctor.8.______ she was late for class, she had to say sorry.二、选择恰当的答案

1.The man can’t get on the bus ______ there is no room on it.A.though

B.because

C.until

D so that

2.______ her daughter hadn’t come back, ______ she looked worried.A.Because, / B.Because, so

C.Though, but

D.Though, / 3._______ you’ve got a chance, you might make full use of it.A.Now that

B.After

C.Although

D.As soon as 4.He found it difficult to read, _______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A.and

B.for

C.but

D.or 5.A man cannot smile like a child, ________ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.A.so

B.but

C.and

D.for

五、学生反馈：（在完成回家作业的过程中存在的问题）

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

六、教师反馈：（在批改学生回家作业中发现的问题）

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

Keys：

A、引导原因状语从句的连词：because, as, since，now that B、because, as, since和now that的区别：

1、because：“因为”，表示直接的原因，语气最强。1）why提问的句子，必须用because回答。2）because的从句常放在主句之后。3）because 不能与so连用。

4）because+ 从句；because of+ 名词短语

2、as：“因为”，语气较弱，一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因。

3、since/now that：“既然”，一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因或众所周知的事实。

C、for 引导的并列句与原因状语从句的辨析：并列连词for“因为”，引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首，常用逗号把它和前面的分句隔开。对主句补充说明理由或推断原因。

课堂练习：

一、1.because 2.Since 3.As 4.because 5.Since 6.because 7.for

二、1.because of the storm 2.so 3.because of broken 4.because of heavy 回家作业：

一、1.since 2.As 3.for 4.because 5.Since 6.for 7.Since 8.As

二、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.D

第二篇：状语从句教案

高一英语语法教案

高一英语【北师大版】必修一语法 【一】分词作状语的区别

（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out，shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better 2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。

Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)作宾补时，如果动词和宾语之间是主动关系，用现在分词； 如果是被动关系或者表示状态，用过去分词

we left him crying outside the gate.we found his hands tied behind his back.we found the world outside changed.状态

用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系 【二】分词作定语的区别 1.现在分词做定语：

从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示 1）主动（及物）；2）进行（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句(主动)

Do you know the boy standing at the door?

à Do you know the boy who is standing at the door?

A developing country needs aids.àA country that/which is developing needs aids.They lived in a house facing the south àThey lived in a house that faced the south.The man wearing a red tie is our head.àThe man who wears a red tie(戴红领带)is our head.The workers working in the factory are well-paid.àThe workers who are working in the factory are well-paid.在这家工厂工作的工人报酬很好 2．过去分词做定语

从功能上看，过去分词做定语表示1）被动（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句（被动），有时侯也表示完成的 The broken window was repaired this morning.The window broken yesterday was….àThe window that/which was broken yesterday was…..昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了

The sold hamburgers are not to my taste.The hamburgers sold in this chain are not to…..这家连锁店卖的汉堡不适合我的口味 The hamburgers that/which are sold in this chain are not to….The arrived guests will be led in.（此过去分词表示完成）The guests arrived just now will….刚到的客人将会被带进来 The guests who arrived just now will be….The book that was written by Wang sells well.àThe book written by Wang sells well.The tie that is worn by our head is made in Shanghai.àThe tie worn by our head is made in SH The shoes(that were)made in a small factory are of bad quality.小厂产的鞋子质量差

反之，一个定语从句可以转化为分词做定语的结构

The man I introduced to you yesterday had just returned from Japan.The man introduced to you by me yesterday had just…昨天我给你介绍的那人刚从日本回来

He is a man who is loved by all.à He is a man loved by all.他是个大家所热爱的人 The leaves that have fallen are collected by the cleaners.àThe fallen leaves are collected…

That letter I received last week was from Li.à The letter received last week was from Li.【三】状语从句的省略

一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原则：

（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时且从句中含有BE动词的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：

① 连词（as, as if , once）+ 名词

如：Once(he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.庞龙曾经是个工人，现在变成一位著名的歌手。

②连词（though, whether , when）+形容词

如：Work hard when(you are)young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。

③连词(whether, as if ,while)+介词短语

如：He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他到处看似乎在找什么东西。

④连词(when , while , though)+ 现在分词

如：While(he was)holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George W.Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛主席会谈时，感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。

⑤ 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as)+ 过去分词

如：The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.这次展览比被预料的有趣的多

⑥ 连词(as if ,as though)+ 不定式

如：Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好象要说什么。

（2）当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是 it，从句中又含有系动词be 的某种形式时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。如：Unless(it is)necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。

各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下：

一、时间状语从句中的省略

When(she was)very young, she began to learn to play the piano.她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。

While(I was)at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。

When arriving, send me a telegram.(When you arrive, send me a telegram.)到达之后，来个电报。

Before leaving, turn off all the lights.(Before you leave, turn off all the lights.)走之前，请关闭所有的灯。

Don’t come in until(you are)asked to.不叫你请你不要进来。

Whenever(it is)possible, you should come and help.不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。

You should let us know the result as soon as(it is)possible.你应尽快让我们知道结果。

注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.二、地点状语从句中的省略

地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：where(ver)possible, where(ver)necessary，Lay these books where possible you can find them easily.把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。

Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages.在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。

三、条件状语从句中的省略

常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如：

Send the goods now if(they are)ready.货物如果准备好了，请送过来。

He will come if(he is)asked.如果叫他来，他就来。

If(it is)necessary, ring me at home.如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。

Come along with me if(it is)possible.如果有可能和我一起去吧.。

If(it is)true, this will casue us a lot of trouble.如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。

There are few people nowadays, if(there are)any, who remember him.很少有人能记起他。

You should stay where you are, unless(you are)asked to leave.你应呆在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。

四、让步状语从句中的省略

He is a good man, though sometimes(he is)rather dull.他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。

Even if(I am)invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture.即使邀我去，我都不想听如此坏的报告。

五、比较状语从句中的省略

She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you(do).她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。

She has finished the work earlier than(it has been)expected.【四】with复合结构

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重

要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。

一、with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二

部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1.with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2.with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3.with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4.with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式； 5.with或without-名词/代词 +分词。下面分别举例：

1、She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语)Without anything left in the cupboard, shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)

二、with结构的用法

在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如： 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with结构的特点

1.with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如： With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.)She fell asleep with the light burning.→(The light was burning.)With her hair gone,there could be no use for them.→(Her hair was gone.)2.在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点说明：

1.with结构在句子中的位置： with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

2.with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别： 在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如： With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路)With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)3.with结构与一般的with短语的区别： with结构具有上述功能和特点,而“介词with+名词或代词(组)”组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4.with结构与独立主格结构的关系： with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如： There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(“with+复合宾语”结构,在句中作定语)A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况)board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)1.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽）A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished 2.----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.----Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.(2007 福建)A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled 3.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.（2005 北京）A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on 4.________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)A.With B.Besides C.As for D/ Because of 5.It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.(2004 福建)A.for B.with C.from D.of 6.The young woman _______ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street.A.with B.because C.on D.like 7.Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.A.as B.with C.for D.on 8._______ so many homework to do, Mary won’t have time to play with her friends this morning.A.Without B.With C.By D.Because 9._______ the door open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening.A.Because B.As C.With D.Because of 10._______ his mother out, he had to stay at home alone.A.As B.For C.Because D.With 11._______ all things considered, her proposal is of greater than his A.Like B.With C.On D.Without 12._______ time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace.A.By B.On C.With D.As 参考答案：1-5ABAAB 6-12ABBCDBC 文 章来源

第三篇：状语从句教案

状语从句

定义：在复合句中作状语的从句

（2）as “一边一边”“随着”引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生 I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.（3）While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比.He is tall while his brother is short 注意：如果同时出现，用when 位置：状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。

分类：按意义可分为时间、条件、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步.方式、比较等状语从句。一 时间状语从句(主将从现)before用法（1）在…之前(2)“就”、“才”

1.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as

it is/will be +一段时间+before+句子“还要多久才，多久之后才/就”

2.名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant, till和until用法

(一…就…);every time, each time, the last time, the first time, by the time，（1）都可以用于肯定句，译为“直到。才”

3.副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately, directly, instantly,(一...就...)soon after, shortly after

4.句型类no sooner…than…, hardly… when…, scarcely…when/before.(一…就…)

用法:（1）中间用过去完成时，后面用一般过去式。

（2.）no sooner/hardly/scarcely放在句首时,过去完成时句子部分倒装，后面不倒装。No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.（必背）

1、连接词when、while、as ⑴when①“正当…时候”，即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。

可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（从句动作在前）When 的四个短语 be about to do sth when … 正要做。。这时

be doing sth when …正在做。。这时

be on the point of doing sth when …正要做。。这时

just …when …正。。这时

(2)否定句不用till，用until，短语“not …until..”直到。才。（3）放在句首表示强调时一般用until不用till

eg Until he returns,nothing can be done

（4）倒装句：not until 放句首，后面第二个句子部分倒装。

（5）强调句：结构 it is not until +被强调部分+that + 其他since 用法

since结构 现在完成时+since+过去时 since强调句 it is +一段时间+since +过去时

二 条件状语从句（主将从现）

引导词: if（如果）, unless=if…not（除非,如果不）, as long as =so long as（只要), in case(that)(以防,万一), on condition that(只要，条件是), if only(要是...多好), only if(只要), supposing/ suppose(假设，如果)provided that /providing(如果)，assuming that（假设）seeing that（考虑到，鉴于）,considering that（考虑到）, given that（假设）

三 地点状语从句

常用引导词：where，wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.eg It is such an interesting book that she has read it twice.注意：1不可数名词一定与such连用 2可数名词复数一定与such连用 3 little译为“少的”与so 连用，译为“小的”通常与such 连用。

七 让步状语从句（主将从现）

引导词：though, although, as(尽管，虽然), even if, even though（即使）, while（然

四 原因状语从句

而，尽管，一般用在句首）wh-ever, no matter wh-, whether…or…(不管。还是。。)常用引导词：because（因为）, since（既然）, as（由于）, now that（既然），注意：1.although,though.不与but连用，可与still，yet连用

in that（因为）,.2.as/though引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。

because, since，as的区别：

结构：n.(无冠词)/adj./adv./v +as/though +主语＋谓语(时态)

eg：Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.五 目的状语从句

Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）

引导词：so that（以便于）, in order that（以便于，为了），lest（以防）, in case3、no matter wh-…只用于让步状语从句，wh+ever用于让步状语从句和名词性从句,同（以防，万一）, for fear that（以防，担心，害怕），in the hope that（希望能）, for the

时出现用wh+ever

purpose that（为了）, to the end that（为了）

八 比较状语从句

六 结果状语从句

常用引导词：as(同级比较):as…as..(和…一样)not as/so as(不如…)

引导连词有so that（以便于）, so….that, such….that…(如此。。以至于…)

than(不同程度的比较)1.so…that… 与such…that… 的区别 so +adj./adv.+that so +adj.+a/an +可数名词单数+ that so +many/much/few/little+名词+that eg ：It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice such +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that such +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that such +a lot of/lots of +可数名词复数/不可数名词+that

特殊引导词：the 比较级。。，the +比较级…;（越…,越…）

越来越…（比较级and 比较级，more and more +多音节adj/adv）

just as …(正如)，A is to B what /as C is to D（A对于B就像C对于D）;

no … more than（不如。。）

九 方式状语从句

引导词: as(象….一样,正如),as if/as though(好像,似乎)

how/however +adj/adv +主语+谓语（体现时态），the way（像。。的方式）

第四篇：状语从句教案

状语从句 联系链： 1。引导词的角度

（1）可以同时用于名词性从句和状语从句的引导词：when , whatever , that , where(2)可以同时用于形容词性从句和状语从句的引导词：as , that , where , when 2.功能的角度

（1）状语从句具有副词的功能

（2）定语从句具有形容词的功能

（3）名词性从句具有名词的功能 3.从句所作成分的角度

（1）名词性从句充当：主语，宾语，表语，同位语

（2）形容词性从句充当：定语

（3）副词性从句充当：状语 4.句子结构的角度

(1)状语从句和名词性从句成分完整(2)定语从句成分不完整 5。语序角度

状语从句

倒装

特殊句式 6。连词角度

主从句的逻辑关系

两个句子的关系

并列句 知识链

1。状语从句

时间状语从句

地点状语从句

原因状语从句

目的状语从句

条件状语从句

结果状语从句

让步状语从句

比较状语从句

方式状语从句 2。功能角度

在整个主从句中作状语 3。从句关系角度

主从句中的主谓不一致

4。主从句位置角度

可前可后 5。语境角度

主从句逻辑关系

选择连词

部分连词引起的倒装 6。时态的角度

时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句一般用现在时 模型链 状语从句

定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类（见下表）1．时间状语从句：

在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下：

(1)表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：when（当……的时候）, while（当……的时候）, as（当……的时候）, as soon as（一……就……）, once（一旦……）等。如： Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有对比的意思）我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。

As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。

(2)表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后，主要连词有：after（在……之后）, before（在……之前）, when(=after)等。如：

After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.（从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时）孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时）他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。

It was not long before I forgot it all.(It is / was / will be …before…是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）

我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在汉语中的译义)(3)表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。例如：

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。

（4）表示持续性或瞬间性，主要连词有：since（自从）, ever since（自从）, until（直到……才/为止）, till（直到……才/为止）等。如： It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is /was… since…是常用句型）

我们到这儿刚刚一星期。(主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since)You have been reading to me ever since James went out.（ever 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长）自从James走后你一直在给我朗读。

The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.(ever since可以放在句末，since则不能)这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。

My uncle went to Tibet in 1951.He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。

Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常，直到有一天晚上发生了意外。

I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.(但Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.“till”不位于句首)他告诉我了我才知道。2． 地点状语从句

地点状语从句是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的： Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)哪有问题，你最好在哪做个记号。

He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。

3．原因状语从句

表示原因的状语从句可以由as（由于）, because(因为), since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导：

I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。

Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会。

Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。

As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。

4.目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（万一）等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等。如：

Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。

He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形，或省略should）

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。

5.结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that(如此……以致..), such…that(如此……以致……)等。

What has happened that you all look so excited? 发生了什么事，使你们都显得如此兴奋？

He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。

We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。（such是形容词，后接名词）

The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。（so是副词，后接形容词或副词）

Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that….Jenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。

但是，当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。例如：

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块。He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。

I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.我当时囊肿羞涩，连一份小小礼物都买不起。6． 条件状语从句

表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（条件是……）, suppose（假设）, supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。

Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。

If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.如果你明早6点钟走，你最好现在就上床。

We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。

As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。

He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。

Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？

7． 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导：

Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。

She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气）8． 比较状语从句

比较状语从句常由than（比）, as（与……一样）等词引导： It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。The result was not as/so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。The busier he is, the happier he feels.（常见句型）他越忙越开心。9． 让步状语从句

让步状语从句由although（尽管）, though（尽管）, however（无论怎样）, whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）, whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。如：

We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。

It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。(though, although不能与 but连用)Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，这是真的。

However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。

No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。如：

Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(though 也有这种用法，可以替换as,但although没有这种用法)though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：

It was hard work;;I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。

第五篇：状语从句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(条件、让步和对比从句)条件从句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引导，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.让步从句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等从属连词引导，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述让步从句的某些从属连词时注意以下几点：

a.although(though)不可与连词 but 连用；

b.as 引导的从句意义和 though 相似，但表示的语气较强，并须将强调的词放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引导的从句中，however / no matter how 后须紧跟形容词或副词，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.对比从句

表示两个人或两件事之间的对比，常用 while 或 whereas 引导，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、结果和目的从句)原因从句

主要由下列从属连词引导：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 语气最强，表示直接、主要原因，通常引导的从句放在句尾，特别是回答 why 提出的问题只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明显的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。这些连词与 as, since 意思相近，通常用于书面语，并且它们兼有其它意义。now that 有“时间”含义，表示”既然”，说明一种新

情况；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“条件”含义；in that 有”某一方面”含义，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.结果从句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等连词引导，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的从句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等连词引导，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引导结果从句也可引导目的从句，但结果从句表示事实，通常不含情态动词；目的从句表示希望或想要实现的事实，通常含有情态动词，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（结果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意义，并且从句中动词须用 “动词原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虚拟语气，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比较从句)方式从句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等连词引导，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，但如果主句谓语是感官动词，并且所述情况实现可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比较从句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等连词引导，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例从句和其它从句)比例从句

由关联词 the...the...连接形容词或副词比较级构成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它从句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引导的类比从句；so(as)far as 引导的范围从句；except that 引导的例外从句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引导的择比从句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人的身体。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（据我所知，他是一个诚实的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我会很高兴去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他宁可沿街乞讨，也不愿意用欺骗手段骗取钱。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他宁可要那个小的，而不愿要那个大的。）