when时间状语从句讲解教案

第一篇：when时间状语从句讲解教案

状语从句之时间状语从句

一． 概念及分类

句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句。复合句中从句可分为定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句。

用来修饰谓语动词，其他动词，定语，状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句。

DaMing is a brave boy.DaMing is a brave boy and he always does something special.DaMing is a brave boy, who always does something special.二，时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的连接词一般有When, while, as, before, after, since, as soon as，until/till等。When 观察下面例句，总结其用法

1.When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。

2.When she came into my room, I was just reading a book.她走进我房间时，我正在看书。

3.Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？ 4.Sorry, I was out when you called me.对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。

总结：从句表示动作可以______________也可以_________________,主句和从句的先后关系_______________________________________ When从句一般用于过去时比较多，主句无时态限制。

练习

Eg:When I got to the airport, the guests had left.当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。1.When he had finished his homework, he_______(take)a short rest.当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。

2.Why do you want a new job when you____________(get)such a good one already?

你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？

3.You shall borrow the book when I _____________(finish)reading it.在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。

4.When the manager________(come)here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。

when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用 ①

Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already？

（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？

② Sorry，I was out when you called me．

（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。③ Strike when the iron is hot．

（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。④ The students took notes when they listened．（listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生 1．从句动作在主句动作前发生

① When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。

② When I got to the airport，the guests had left．（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。2．从句动作和主句动作同时发生

①When we were dancing，a stranger came in． 当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。

③ When she was making a phonecall，I was writing a letter．当她在打电话时，我正在写信。填空并翻译

1．_________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.2．_________ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.3．I saw her just _________ she was getting off the train.4．Have a good look at that man _________ you pass him.5.They were about to leave ______ it began to rain.在下列句子中，when的含义是____________________,作为并列连词 1.We were having a meeting when someone broke in.2.We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain 3.She was on the point of going to shop when the telephone rang.4.He had just finished his homework when someone asked him to play basketball.总结：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 练习: 翻译一下句子

1.我正要出去有位访客来了。

____________________________________________________ 2.他正要去上学天下雨了。

____________________________________________________ 3.我刚吃过饭，妈妈让我写作业。

____________________________________________________ 4.When I lived there, I used to go to the beach on Sundays.___________________________________________________ 5.When the film ended, the people went back.____________________________________________________-

第二篇：初中状语从句讲解(时间、条件)

初中状语从句讲解

（一）一、什么是状语？

状语是在句中起重要辅助作用的一类句子成分，用于辅助说明

时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、比较或让步（共八种功能）；句中，状语一般由副词或副词性的词组、句子充当（修饰动词、形容词，甚至句子和副词本身）。

标出下列句子的状语：

当将上述状语改为用连接词引导的句子时，全句就被称为状语从句。根据状语在句中的不同作用，又将其划分为时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、比较或让步状语从句。

标出下列句子的状语：

1.Everything is OK as it was in the past.2.Loves miss each other when they are apart.3.Whenever I take exams, my mind blanks out.4.More and more college students, prefer to stay in dorm.二、初中状语从句重点：时间、条件状语从句。

（一）时间状语从句中的连接词：

When / while / asafter / before / since

As soon astill（不可用于句首）/ until By the time

（解释以上连接词的意思）

（二）时间状语从句中的时态：

1.You begin to know something when you think you know nothing.2.The president laughed as he spoke.3.By the end of this year, it will be four months since they joined the army.4.We went home after we had finished the work.5.My father had left for Canada before the letter arrived.时态的一致性：主句从句

现在时现在时/过去时将来时现在时/过去时过去时过去时

提问：为什么有些动作会用进行时/完成时表示？ 观察下列句子中的动词：

While my mom was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.While my mom came in, I was watching TV.My mom was reading the newspaper while I came in.Jack left the office after he(had)finished the report.The writer had written many unknown books before he got famous overnight.（三）条件状语从句的连接词和时态：

Unlessif

时态一致性：主句从句将来时现在时（过去将来时过去时）翻译下列句子：

1.如果叫他的话他会帮你忙的。If you ask him, he will help you.2.除非下雨，比赛将照常进行。

The game will be held unless it rains.3.If I were you, I would not be so stupid.如果我是你，我不会那么笨的。

练习：

____ the days went on, the weather got worse.A.WithB.SinceC.While D.As

Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.A.slipped;was lookingB.had slipped;looked C.slipped;had lookedD.was slipping;looked

He was told that it would be at least three more months ___________.A.before he can recoverB.after he can recoverC.before he could recoverD.after he could recover They ____ the train _____ it disappeared in the distance.A.watch, afterB.watched, untilC.watched, afterD.watch, until It’s years ____ I met an old friend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since

If you _____(open up)your mind, you ______(find)the world is full of joy.The stars are shining in the sky.There was no air pollution.(用when连接两个句子)

We _____(leave)school before we _____(finish)the homework..我们完成作业前就回家了。

第三篇：时间状语从句练习题___教案

时间状语从句练习题

一、巩固练习

1.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes __d___ I heard the voices.A.as

B.after

C.while

D.when 2.Hardly had he arrived in Hongkong ____a____ she rang me up.A.when B.than C.that D.and 3.Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ____d____ I could answer the phone.A.as

B.since

C.until

D.before 4.The roof fell __c___ he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.A.before

B.as

C.after

D.until 5.Scientists say it may be five or ten years __a___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.since

B.before

C.after

D.when 6._d__ the Internet is bringing the distance between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.A.When

B.If

C.As

D.While 7.____a____ they heard the shout for help，they rushed out.A.Immediately B.The moment C.The while D.All the above 8.I saw Mr.Smith last Sunday.We had not seen each other ___c_____ I left London.A.as

B.before

C.since

D.till 9.The problem won’t be settled until we ____a____ a chance to discuss it thoroughly.A.have had

B.will have

C.will have had

D.would have 10.Why do you want to find a new job ______d__ you’ve got such a good one already? A.that

B.where

C.which

D.when

二、高考真题

1.I used to love that film ___b__ I was a child, but I don't feel it that way any more.(2008辽宁卷)A.once B.when C.since D.although 2.Nancy enjoyed herself so much ___c__ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.（2008福建）A.that B.which C.when D.where 3.There were some chairs left over ___b__ everyone had sat down.（2008四川卷）A.when B.until C.that D.where 4.In some places women are expected to earn money __b__ men work at home and raise their children.A.but B.while C.because D.though 5.___b___the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.(2008卷)A.If B.While C.Because D.As 6.I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time __a__ Brian get back.（2008北京卷）A.before B.since C.till D.after 7.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ___a_____ we’ve actually had that lesson.[2007 天津卷] A.until B.after C.since D.when

8.He was told that it would be at least three more months ______b_____he could recover and return work.A.when B.before C.since D.that

9.____d____ I really don’t like art ,I find his work impressive.[2007 山东卷] A．As B．Since C．If D．While

10.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a long time ___b__ we meet them again.[2007 安徽卷]

A.after B.before C.since D.when

第四篇：状语从句语法讲解

高中英语状语从句

一、定义：

在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等.状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,状语从句放在句首时,要用逗号,放在句尾时不用.二、分类

根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句 ②地点状语从句 ③原因状语从句④目的状语从句 ⑤条件状语从句 ⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句 ⑧方式状语从句 ⑨比较状语从句

三、时间状语从句主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来；主句是过去将来时,从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时；主句是一般过去时,从句用一般过去时.记忆：“主将从现”

（一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：As, when(whenever), before, after, as soon as, until(till), since, every time, once.（二）、具体应用1）“while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生.用while引导的从句用延续性动词,常表示较长的时间或一个过程.记忆：While 后用进行时.While we were having supper, all the lights went out.Please keep quiet while others are studying.While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV.2）When表示“就在„„的时候”, while意为反而,可是,表示转折.One evening Beethoven was walking in a street, when he suddenly stopped outside a little house.3）Whenever 无论什么时候,随时

1.Whenever someone throws in some rubbish, the truck produces a piece of music.每当有人扔进一些垃圾时,它（汽车）就放一段音乐.2.Whenever we’re in trouble, they will help us.3.I go to the theatre, whenever I am free.4.Come and see me whenever you want to.你随时来看我.4）till和until(表示“直到„„”)句首多用until

1、在肯定句中表示“直到„„为止”,主句谓语动词要用延续性动词.I was waiting until/till he arrived.2、在否定句中表示“直到„„才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词,这时until和till常被before替换.I didn' t leave till/until she came back.5）since: 主句用完成时,从句用一般过去时,since引导的从句间或可用现在完成时.It is two years since I have studied English.1.We have known each other since we were children.2.We have been friends(ever since)since we met at school.3.It is „„(一段时间)+since+一般过去时态句子.It is two years since my sister married.„„(一段时间)have/has passed since +一般过去时态句子 Two sisters have/has passed since my sister married.Since+时间点

1.I have been at home since three o' clock this afternoon.2.Maria has been in China since two years ago.6）Every time, each time, next time Every time you get back at night, you drop your boots on the floor.Every time I catch cold, I have pain in my back.Next time I go there, I will visit them.7）once 一旦„就

Once you begin, you must go on.你一开了头,就应该继续下去.四、地点状语从句

地点状语从句用where, wherever引导

We should go where the people need us.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成.Wherever they went, they received a worm welcome.无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎.She follow him whose he goes.他无论到哪里她总跟着.五、原因状语从句

原因状语从句用because(因为),since(既然), as(由于)引导

1、字母由多到少,语气由强到弱.2、由why提问必须用because回答.Since, as不回答why的提问,而且从句一般放在句首,because一般放在主句之后.3、before of +名词

Because of the rain, we didn' t go to the park.4、because 和so不可连用,只能选其一.（另有although, but）Why didn' t he come to school? Because he was ill.Since I must die, I must.既然我一定要死,我一定这样做.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give John a Chance.5、for并列连词,不能放在句首,主要放在两个并列句之间.For所提供的理由为一个补充说明,而且前面常有逗号隔开.The days we short, for it is December now.六、目的状语从句 目的状语从句用so(常用于口语), that, so that, in order that引导

目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词.1.We'll sit never to the front so we can hear well.2.He studied hard so that he might succeed.3.I'll speak slowly so that you can take notes.4.They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.5.I took a taxi so that I could get there earlier.6.I’m going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.七、条件状语从句

条件状语从句由if, unless,(so)as long as(只需)引导

在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同）

We will miss the train if you don' t hurry.He said we would miss the train if we didn't hurry.You will fail the exam unless you study hard.=(if you don’t study hard)He won’t come unless he is invited.=(if he isn't invited)Eat less food unless you want to become fatter.=(if you don’t want to become better)As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed.As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.八、结果状语从句

结果状语从句由such„that, so„.that, so that, that 引导 1.Such„ that 的常用句型

such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+that such +形容词+可数名词单数+that Such+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that

注意so many(much, few, little)+名词,such a lot of(或lots of)+名词是惯用法,不可乱用.She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.2.so+形容词或副词+that so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that He is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.He works so hard that he did everything well.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.3.so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句

He didn't study hard,(so)that he failed the exam.4.Too„to, enough„to 可以引导结果状语从句与so„that 替换,so„that结构可以用too„to替换必须具备两个条件,一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致,二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can(could)not.She is young that she can’t go to school.She is too young to go to school.She isn't old enough to go to school.九、让步状语从句 although, though even though = even if, whether„or however = no matter how whatever = no matter what whoever = no matter who whenever = no matter when wherever = no matter where

*although和though都表示“虽然”只是although 更正式,多用于句首,而though用于句中,二者都可与yet, still连用,但不与but连用

Although/Though they are poor, they often help others.They are poor, but they often help others.Although he has failed many times, he doesn' t give up trying.Whatever/No matter what you say, I won' t believe you.No matter what you say, I don' t care.No matter who you are, you must obey the rules of our school.However hard he tried, he failed again.No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out riding the waves.十、方式状语从句

方式状语从句由as(如同,按照),as if(though)引导

*as和like都有“像”的意思,as是连词,后面连接句子,like是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语.I did the work as others did.相当于 I did like others.You must do as I do.as if(though)两者意义相同,从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气,但实现可能性较大,则用连接词.It seems as if/though it’s going to rain.They are talking as if/though they were old friends.She treats me as if I were her brother.When you are in home,do as the Romans do.例 You must do ______ I told you.A.after B.before C.where D.as(D)The students must do ______ the teacher told them.A.as B.before C.after D.if(A)

十一、比较状语从句

比较状语从句由as„as, not as(so)„as, than, the+比较级,the+比较级引导 He swims as well as you.(do)He doesn' t swim as well as you(do).He got here earlier than you.(did)The busier he is, the happier he feels.英语语法状语从句类型综述状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语.一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点.现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句

常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner „ than, hardly „when, scarcely „ when

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园)the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2．地点状语从句

常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3．原因状语从句

常用引导词：because, since, as, since

特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as

My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4．目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that

特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5．结果状语从句

常用引导词：so „ that, so„ that, such „ that，特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that，He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.6．条件状语从句

常用引导词：if, unless，特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7．让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),no matter „, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他,我却不同意他的建议.The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He won’t listen whatever you may say.8．比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词：the more „ the more „;just as „, so„;A is to B what /as X is to Y;no „ more than;not A so much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器.9．方式状语从句

常用引导词：as, as if, how

特殊引导词：the way

When in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.英语语法状语从句

第五篇：状语从句教案

高一英语语法教案

高一英语【北师大版】必修一语法 【一】分词作状语的区别

（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out，shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better 2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。

Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)作宾补时，如果动词和宾语之间是主动关系，用现在分词； 如果是被动关系或者表示状态，用过去分词

we left him crying outside the gate.we found his hands tied behind his back.we found the world outside changed.状态

用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系 【二】分词作定语的区别 1.现在分词做定语：

从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示 1）主动（及物）；2）进行（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句(主动)

Do you know the boy standing at the door?

à Do you know the boy who is standing at the door?

A developing country needs aids.àA country that/which is developing needs aids.They lived in a house facing the south àThey lived in a house that faced the south.The man wearing a red tie is our head.àThe man who wears a red tie(戴红领带)is our head.The workers working in the factory are well-paid.àThe workers who are working in the factory are well-paid.在这家工厂工作的工人报酬很好 2．过去分词做定语

从功能上看，过去分词做定语表示1）被动（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句（被动），有时侯也表示完成的 The broken window was repaired this morning.The window broken yesterday was….àThe window that/which was broken yesterday was…..昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了

The sold hamburgers are not to my taste.The hamburgers sold in this chain are not to…..这家连锁店卖的汉堡不适合我的口味 The hamburgers that/which are sold in this chain are not to….The arrived guests will be led in.（此过去分词表示完成）The guests arrived just now will….刚到的客人将会被带进来 The guests who arrived just now will be….The book that was written by Wang sells well.àThe book written by Wang sells well.The tie that is worn by our head is made in Shanghai.àThe tie worn by our head is made in SH The shoes(that were)made in a small factory are of bad quality.小厂产的鞋子质量差

反之，一个定语从句可以转化为分词做定语的结构

The man I introduced to you yesterday had just returned from Japan.The man introduced to you by me yesterday had just…昨天我给你介绍的那人刚从日本回来

He is a man who is loved by all.à He is a man loved by all.他是个大家所热爱的人 The leaves that have fallen are collected by the cleaners.àThe fallen leaves are collected…

That letter I received last week was from Li.à The letter received last week was from Li.【三】状语从句的省略

一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原则：

（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时且从句中含有BE动词的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：

① 连词（as, as if , once）+ 名词

如：Once(he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.庞龙曾经是个工人，现在变成一位著名的歌手。

②连词（though, whether , when）+形容词

如：Work hard when(you are)young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。

③连词(whether, as if ,while)+介词短语

如：He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他到处看似乎在找什么东西。

④连词(when , while , though)+ 现在分词

如：While(he was)holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George W.Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛主席会谈时，感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。

⑤ 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as)+ 过去分词

如：The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.这次展览比被预料的有趣的多

⑥ 连词(as if ,as though)+ 不定式

如：Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好象要说什么。

（2）当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是 it，从句中又含有系动词be 的某种形式时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。如：Unless(it is)necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。

各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下：

一、时间状语从句中的省略

When(she was)very young, she began to learn to play the piano.她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。

While(I was)at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。

When arriving, send me a telegram.(When you arrive, send me a telegram.)到达之后，来个电报。

Before leaving, turn off all the lights.(Before you leave, turn off all the lights.)走之前，请关闭所有的灯。

Don’t come in until(you are)asked to.不叫你请你不要进来。

Whenever(it is)possible, you should come and help.不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。

You should let us know the result as soon as(it is)possible.你应尽快让我们知道结果。

注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.二、地点状语从句中的省略

地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：where(ver)possible, where(ver)necessary，Lay these books where possible you can find them easily.把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。

Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages.在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。

三、条件状语从句中的省略

常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如：

Send the goods now if(they are)ready.货物如果准备好了，请送过来。

He will come if(he is)asked.如果叫他来，他就来。

If(it is)necessary, ring me at home.如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。

Come along with me if(it is)possible.如果有可能和我一起去吧.。

If(it is)true, this will casue us a lot of trouble.如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。

There are few people nowadays, if(there are)any, who remember him.很少有人能记起他。

You should stay where you are, unless(you are)asked to leave.你应呆在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。

四、让步状语从句中的省略

He is a good man, though sometimes(he is)rather dull.他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。

Even if(I am)invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture.即使邀我去，我都不想听如此坏的报告。

五、比较状语从句中的省略

She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you(do).她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。

She has finished the work earlier than(it has been)expected.【四】with复合结构

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重

要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。

一、with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二

部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1.with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2.with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3.with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4.with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式； 5.with或without-名词/代词 +分词。下面分别举例：

1、She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语)Without anything left in the cupboard, shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)

二、with结构的用法

在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如： 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with结构的特点

1.with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如： With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.)She fell asleep with the light burning.→(The light was burning.)With her hair gone,there could be no use for them.→(Her hair was gone.)2.在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点说明：

1.with结构在句子中的位置： with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

2.with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别： 在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如： With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路)With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)3.with结构与一般的with短语的区别： with结构具有上述功能和特点,而“介词with+名词或代词(组)”组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4.with结构与独立主格结构的关系： with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如： There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(“with+复合宾语”结构,在句中作定语)A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况)board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)1.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽）A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished 2.----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.----Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.(2007 福建)A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled 3.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.（2005 北京）A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on 4.________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)A.With B.Besides C.As for D/ Because of 5.It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.(2004 福建)A.for B.with C.from D.of 6.The young woman _______ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street.A.with B.because C.on D.like 7.Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.A.as B.with C.for D.on 8._______ so many homework to do, Mary won’t have time to play with her friends this morning.A.Without B.With C.By D.Because 9._______ the door open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening.A.Because B.As C.With D.Because of 10._______ his mother out, he had to stay at home alone.A.As B.For C.Because D.With 11._______ all things considered, her proposal is of greater than his A.Like B.With C.On D.Without 12._______ time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace.A.By B.On C.With D.As 参考答案：1-5ABAAB 6-12ABBCDBC 文 章来源