状语及状语从句解析

第一篇：状语及状语从句解析

状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分，它附加在谓语中心语的前面，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。在英语中，状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。1.副词一般在句子中做状语．

He speaks English very well.他英语说得非常好.中的very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak的程度状语。

2.不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.3.介词短语

Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.十年前,她开始住在大连。

The boy was praised for his bravery.4.从句作状语

When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.5.分词作状语

Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.状语简介

概述

状语与定语相同的地方是,都是前者附加成分;不同的地方是,它是谓语里的附加成分,而定语是主语或宾语里的附加成分.从句子的层次上看,状语是在第二个层次和第三个层次里的成分,有时甚至是更低层次的成分.状语的构成

状语的构成经常充当状语的有形容词,副词,时间处所名词,能愿动词,指示代词,以及方位短语,介词短语,动宾短语,谓词性联合短语,谓词性偏正短语,谓词性主谓短语等.含有动量词的数量短语以及重叠式的数量短语(不论动量,物量)也可以充当状语.此外,少数名词带上表比况的助词也可以作状语.状语的书面标志——“地”

状语的书面标志是结构助词“地”.状语后面带或者是不带“地”,情况比较复杂.一般讲来,数量短语,主谓短语,动宾短语等作状语时,大都带“地”;而介词短语,方位短语,能愿动词,时间处所名词作状语时不能带“地”,副词,单音节形容词作状语一般也不带“地”.多层状语

如果一个中心语前面有好几个状语(多层状语),那就应当注意它们的语序.多层状语的状语个数一般比多层定语的定语个数要少些,其语序也比多层定语的语序要灵活一些.多层状语的一般语序: a.表时间的名词或方位短语,介词短语;b.副词.c.表处所的介词短语或名词,方位短语;d.表情态的形容词或谓词短语;e.表对象的介词短语.其中副词的位置较为灵活,也可放置在第三项之后.一般状语和句首状语

状语在句子中有两种位置:一种是在主语之后,谓语中心之前,如上文所举各例,这是状语的一般位置;另一种是放在主语的前面的,这是状语的特殊位置,这种状语可称“句首状语”.状语的分类

状语按其修饰的功能不同可分为八大类：

时间状语，地点状语，条件状语，原因状语，目的状语，结果状语，让步状语和比较状语

时间状语从句

要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导： when，while，as，after，before，as soon as，since，till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

1.when当.....的时候

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.2.while当.....时

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.3.as在.....的同时；一边....一边.....He smiled as he stood up.4.after在....之后

He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.5.before 在......之前

Mr.Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.6.as soon as 一.....就（scarcely/hardly...when,no sooner than,the minute/moment,on/upon,directly等等）

We began to work as soon as we got there.I will write to you as soon as I get home.7.since 自......以来到现在

表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)8 till /until 都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。They walked till /until it was dark.Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.9.by the time 到......为止(所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.By the time I got to school, the class had already began.一.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如：

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。

When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！

Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim.我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。

You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。

Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。a.when, while和as的区别

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。When she came in, I was eating.(瞬时动词)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.（延续性的动词）

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.（对比）

b, As表示“一边„„一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.（as表示“一边„„一边”）As we was going out, it began to snow.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）

c, as when while的辨析

as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下： 表示“一边。。一边“的意思

as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时 用于发生时间较段时 d when

1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作”之前 “或”之后“发生。

2、when=and then;at that moment(正在那个时候)3.常用于常见搭配中 e while

1、用于时间较长时

2、强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时 有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。

lt was raining hard when(as)I got there.(动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)When I had read the article, he called me.(从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when)When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.(此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.while, as不能代替

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它)While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as(when/ while)father was away.(此时as ,when, while可通用)二.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。

注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：

It will be four days before they come back.Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.They had not been married four months before they were divorced.After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.After we had finished the work, we went home.（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）

三.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。

till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。四.由since引导的时间状语从句。

since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：

I have been in Beijing since you left.Where have you been since I last saw you?

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。五 知识扩展

1.It is since从。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。2.It is +before„(。。才)It was a long time before I went to sleep again.It was an hour before(=until)the police arrived.3.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一„„就”。例如：

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)„when / before, no sooner„than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。

六.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。

注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如： By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。

七 由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如：

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。

You grow younger every time I see you.每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。

八.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久„„就多久”。例如：

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。

I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body!只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。

地点状语从句

一 地点状语从句(adverbial clause of place)地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，要点: 由连词where和复合关系词wherever(=no matter where)引导.例如：

句型1：Where+地点从句，（there）+主句。

【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里„„哪里就„„”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。

They were good persons.Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。

You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。

句型2：Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句，+主句。

【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。二 知识扩展

1.Where there is a will , there is a way.有志者事竟成。(谚语)1.It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.他将是一所混合式学校，那里的儿童并不都是残疾。(在限定性定语从句中对先行词起着限定作用。)2.Wherever you go , I go too.无论你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处，多用于句首。3.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.无风不起浪。(谚语)4.While she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.疑问副词where后跟不定式,构成不定式短语.条件状语从句

要点： 表示状语从句由连词if, unless(=if not)意思为除非引导。(让步)1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.3.I won't/ will not go to the party unless he goes there too.我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.lHe will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.一般将来时，一般现在时

lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.一般将来时, 一般现在时 原因状语从句

要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导 目的、结果状语从句

要点： 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, so„that , in order that 引导。结果状语从句由连词(so)that, so„that, such„that, so much/many„that引导。1.so„that 如此„以至于 2.so that 以至于, 以便于

I opened the window so that fresh air might come in.(目的)我把窗户打开以便于使新鲜空气可以进来。3.such„that 如此。。以至

It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。4.in order that=so that:为了

We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的)5.比较：so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。

so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money.such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）

so„that与such„that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school 难点

+形容词或副词 +形+a(an)+单数可数名词

so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that +much或 little+不可数名词

so that ,such„that 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。

so +adj或adv.+ that，such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many(few, much, little)+n.。such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词a(an).常见的形式是:such a(beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.让步状语从句

要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导.难点：

though, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用.Although,(though)„but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet(still)连用.所以thought(although)„yet(still)的格式是正确的.Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.although, though 辨析

although 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though.1。He is looking fit, though.2。Even though I did not understand a word, I kept smiling.3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.2)as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。

Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.【注意】a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。

b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems„ 虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。c ever if, even though.即使

We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.d whether„or-不管„„都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.e ”no matter +疑问词“ 或”疑问词+后缀ever“ No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。比较状语从句

要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级

1.as„as 和。。一样 Jack is as tall as Bob.捷克和汤姆一样高。2.not so(as)„as „和不一样

She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。比较级

more„than(更)This book is more instructive than that one.这本书比那本书由教育意义。最高级

1.The most„in/of This book is the most interesting of the three.这本书是三本中最有趣的。2.the + 形容词+est„of/in This road is the busiest street in our city.知识扩展

no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)1。I have no more than two pens.2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops.not more than不如。。；(前者不如后者)1。Jack is not more diligent than John.2。one of the + 名词(复数)„.之一(用于最高级)She is one of the best students in our school.方式状语从句

1）方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as„so„, as if, as though引导。

as,(just)as„so„引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as„so„结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是”正如„“，”就像“，多用于正式文体，例如：

1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.2。As water is to fish, so air is to man.3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.2）as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作”仿佛„„似的“，”好像„„似的"，例如：

1。They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.2。He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.[说明]as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： 1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

第二篇：状语从句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(条件、让步和对比从句)条件从句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引导，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.让步从句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等从属连词引导，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述让步从句的某些从属连词时注意以下几点：

a.although(though)不可与连词 but 连用；

b.as 引导的从句意义和 though 相似，但表示的语气较强，并须将强调的词放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引导的从句中，however / no matter how 后须紧跟形容词或副词，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.对比从句

表示两个人或两件事之间的对比，常用 while 或 whereas 引导，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、结果和目的从句)原因从句

主要由下列从属连词引导：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 语气最强，表示直接、主要原因，通常引导的从句放在句尾，特别是回答 why 提出的问题只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明显的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。这些连词与 as, since 意思相近，通常用于书面语，并且它们兼有其它意义。now that 有“时间”含义，表示”既然”，说明一种新

情况；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“条件”含义；in that 有”某一方面”含义，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.结果从句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等连词引导，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的从句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等连词引导，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引导结果从句也可引导目的从句，但结果从句表示事实，通常不含情态动词；目的从句表示希望或想要实现的事实，通常含有情态动词，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（结果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意义，并且从句中动词须用 “动词原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虚拟语气，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比较从句)方式从句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等连词引导，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，但如果主句谓语是感官动词，并且所述情况实现可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比较从句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等连词引导，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例从句和其它从句)比例从句

由关联词 the...the...连接形容词或副词比较级构成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它从句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引导的类比从句；so(as)far as 引导的范围从句；except that 引导的例外从句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引导的择比从句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人的身体。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（据我所知，他是一个诚实的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我会很高兴去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他宁可沿街乞讨，也不愿意用欺骗手段骗取钱。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他宁可要那个小的，而不愿要那个大的。）

第三篇：状语从句45

中考总复习编号45出题人王亚春 1.引导词：when, as, while ：当。。时候 课标词汇复习(976—1000)(not)… till / until 直到…(才…)﹉ 一．词汇拓展 as soon as 一 …就…before在…以前pay ___________(过去式)___________(过去分词)after在。。以后since 自从phone_________(过去式)___________(过去分词)2.中考考点：____________(完全形式)penny ________(复数)1)由 when、after、before、as soon as、till /until 引photo _________(复数)piano_________(复数)导的时间状语从句，遵从主将从现、主祈从现、主情从2.We'll go to visit Tiananmen Square ______ it doesn't

rain tomorrow.A.ifB.as soon as C.whenD.since 3.I didn’t know he came back _____ I met him in the street.A.sinceB.whenC.untilD.after

4.Susan will not arrive at the airport on time ___ she hurries up.A.onceB.ifC.whenD.unless 5.Tom likes reading a newspaper ___he is having breakfast.二．翻译短语 1.为某物花费了。。钱________________2.付账_________________3.打电话_________________ 4.手机 ________________5.结婚___________________ 6.照相_________________7.禁止照相______________ 8.拾起_________________9.野餐 __________________ 三．词汇运用 1.The doctors are very p_________ with those __________

(病人).2.Every teacher has had a p__________ computer already.3.How many _____________(人)are there in your family? 4.You needn’t _____________(支付)the books.Your mumdid it just now.5.The boys enjoy chatting with each other by ___________

__________(打电话).6.There are so many _________(梨)on thetree。7.The shop sells all kinds of ___________________（手机）.8.You’d better not _________________(照相)in the dark.9.This is one of the best __________(钢琴)in the store.10.Look!The boys and girls __________________(野餐).11.That is ________________________（一张我的家庭照）。12.I think physics _______ more difficult than maths.A.isB.areC.haveD.has

13.Kate found some waste paper on the floor.She ______

it ______ and threw it into the dustbin.A.put , upB.picked , upC.turned ,up D.looked , up14.---What sign is often found in museums ?---

“ _______”.A.MENUB.THIS SIDE UP

C.PAUSED.NO PHOTOS 语法综合复习：状语从句（一个句子在句中作状语）★分类：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式状语从句。一．时间状语从句 现的原则。★ I will go and visit you when I have time next week.★ Please wait for me until I come back.★ Tom can ring you up as soon as he reaches Canada.2)由 when、after、before、as soon as、not…till /unti引导的时间状语从句，遵从主过从过的原则。★Mozart started writing music when he was four.★Her mother didn’t go to bed until she gothome.3)以when 引导的时间状语从句，主句为过去进行时，从

句为一般过去时以while引导的时间状语从句，通常用进行时 ★The students were singing when the teacher came in.★Tim was cooking while his mother was cooking.★Never trouble me while I’m sleeping.4)通过翻译when 的词义，来辨别是宾从还是状从，并选用不同的时态.when : 当。。的时候 引导时间状语从句 →主将从现什么时候 引导宾语从句，根据时间状语判断时态 ★I don’t know when LiPing will come.When he comes ,I’ll call you二．条件状语从句

1.引导词：if如果unless 如果不。。，除非 2.中考考点： 1)由 if 和unless 引导的条件状语从句，遵从主将从现 ★If you don’t go to the meeting tomorrow, I won’t either.★He won’t catch the early bus unless he hurries up.2)根据if 的词义,来辨别是宾从还是状从,并选用正确的时态.if :如果 引导条件状语从句 →主将从现是否 引导宾语从句，根据时间状语判断时态 I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains , we’ll stay at home.Some exercises :(走进中考)

1.John fell asleep ______he was listening to the music.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.as soon as A.untilB.whileC.becauseD.though 6.—When will he leave for Shanghai? —As soon as he _____ his work.A.finishedB.will finishC.is finishingD.finishes 7.I don’t know if he _______.If he _______, please let me know.A.comes, comesB.will come, will come

C.will come, comesD.comes, will come

8.I arrived at the airport_____the plane had take off.A.beforeB.afterC.whileD.when

9.He said he wanted to be a doctor when he ______.A.grow upB.will grow upC.grew up D.would grow up 10.It is ten years _______we came to Xinglong.A.ifB.as soon asC.whenD.since

11.She was drawing on the computer ___ Kate came in.上 12.None of us knew what happened _____we heard the news on the radio.A.afterB.untilC.whenD.since 13.The sports meeting will continue ____ the rain stops today.A.afterB.as soon asC.untilD.since 14.They _____ here since the factory opened.A.had worked B.have workekC.worked D.has worked 15.I ______ her the answer ifshe_____ me.A.can tell ,will askB.will tell , will askC.would tell , askD.will tell ,asks 达标测评

1.Could you please tell me your e-mail address____you go?A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.as soon as 2.----I wonder if your wife will go to the party.----If your wife _____ , so ______.A.does, does sheB.will, will mineC.does, will mineD.will, will I3.I tried to call you _______I heard from him,but you were not in.A.since B.while C.untilD.as soon as4.It’s foolish to take a taxi _____ you can easily walk to the station.A.sinceB.whenC.ifD.as soon as

5.he , if , Tom , has , will , time , the , party , to , go（连句）

第四篇：状语从句1

状语从句

一：什么是状语从句？

用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。二：状语从句的分类。

1.时间状语从句用法要点。

凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具体用法如下：

（1）.when 意为“当„„时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如：

I feel very happy when you come to see me.你（们）来看我时，我感到很高兴。

When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.你（们）过街道时，一定要小心。when引导的时间状语从句，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。He was working at the table when I went in.当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。I will visit my good friend when I have time.当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.当我在上海时，我为一家外国企业工作。

注：when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。

I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help.我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。

We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯都熄灭了。

比较while, when, as

1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。

（2）.before 意为“在„„之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如：

We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。

He had been a cook before he went to college.他上大学前曾当过厨师。

after 意为“在„„之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：

After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about.你（们）用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。

He called me after he had finished his work.他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。

注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如 1

上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.（3）.since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从„„”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook.自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。

We haven't seen each other since we parted.我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。

注：常用句型：It is +时间段+since从句译为：自从„„有多长时间了。

It is six years since she graduated from the university.自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。

（4）.until 意为“直到„„时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，从句常用否定形式, not...until...意为“直到„„才„„”，这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如：

I'll stay here until you come back.我会呆在这里，直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续)

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)

（5）表示“一„就„”的结构

hardly/scarcely„when/before, no sooner„than 和as soon as都可以表示“一„就„”的意思，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例：

①、I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。

②、I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.③、I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.④、As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：

Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.（6）.while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与„„同时，在„„期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。

They rushed in while we were discussing problems.当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。

注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，译为“然而”。eg.I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。

（7）.till和until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到„„为止”，not „ till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到„„才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用点动词。

比较until和till

此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

肯定句：

I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。

（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

否定句：

She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.她直到6点才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。

1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。

2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。

---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？

---Until next Monday.呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

(1）Not until „在句首，主句用倒装。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

(2)It is not until„ that„

I will wait for my friend until / till he comes.我要一直等到我朋友来。

We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。

2、地点状语从句用法要点。

常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）引导。

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

We will go wherever the motherland need us most.我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。方式状语从句

方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as„so„, as if, as though引导。

1）as,(just)as„so„引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as„so„结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如„”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2）as if, as though

两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛„„似的”，“好像„„似的”，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）

说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。原因状语从句用法要点。

常用的引导连词有because, as和since。三者的区别是：在回答问题的时候，使用because；对于显而易见的原因，常用as或since；as和since的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后。

Why did you go?I went because Tom told me to go.你为何去？那是因为汤姆叫我去。He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.他很生气不是因为我们来迟了，而是因为我们弄出了声音。

As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.由于雨太大，我们只好呆在家里。

Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work.既然你感觉不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。比较：because, since, as和for

1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。

I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.5、目的状语从句用法要点。

常用的引导连词有so that, that和in order that译为：以便，为了，目的是。此外还有lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如，Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。

I shall write down your address that I may not forget.我要把你的地址记下来，以免忘记。

I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语

We work harder than usualfinish it in a week.我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完

成工作。结果状语从句

结果状语从句常由so„ that 或 such„that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。

比较：so和 such

其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。

so foolishsuch a fool

so nice a flowersuch a nice flower

so many / few flowerssuch nice flowers

so much / little money.such rapid progress

so many peoplesuch a lot of people

（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）

so„that与such„that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school条件状语从句用法要点。

我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如：

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。

If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

unless = if not.Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.典型例题

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or

答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.8让步状语从句

though, although

注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

He is very old, but he still works very hard.虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）

典型例题

1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.A.When B.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless

答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。

2)as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。

b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems„

虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

3)ever if, even though.即使

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.4)whether„or-不管„„都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5)“no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问词+后缀ever”

No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替换：no matter what = whatever

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)

（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。三：主句与从句时态一致的问题。

在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况：

1.若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如：

Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。

Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask.如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red.红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。

2.若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去，那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如：She could sing when she was four years old.她四岁的时候就会唱歌。

第五篇：英语状语从句

（三）状语从句

（一）时间状语从句

例题 I didn’t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.since 分析 时间状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句动作发生的时间。引导这种从句的词有after, before, as, when, while , till , until, since, once;连接副词immediately 等；起连接作用的短语as soon as, by the 不能用形容词such.例如：

● Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.4.so+ adj.(adv.)+that+从句●The boy is so old that he can go to school.5.so + adj.+ a(an)+单数名词

●He is so good a student that we all like him.time, hardly…when, no sooner…than等。例如： ● I was writing a letter when he came in.● She did not go to bet until she(had)finished her homework.● It is nearly six years since we began to learn English.● Once you begin, you must go on.● By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left.时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态用法，应注意下面两点： 1． 要用一般现在时替代一般将来时，例如： ● I’ll let him know when he comes.2.要用一般过去时替代过去将来时，例如： ●He said he would wait here until I came back.例题的意思是：“直到你说明怎么办之后，我才设法把这件事做好。”根据题意，须由until 引导此例的时间状语从句，所以正确答案应为B。

（二）地点状语从句

例题 When you read the book , you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.A.at whichB.at whereC.the place whereD.where

分析 地点状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作发生的处所或方向，这种从句通常用连接副词where，wherever(无论在哪里，无论到哪里)引导。例如： ● Where there is oppression, there is struggle.例题的意思是：“你看书时，最好在有问题的地方做一个记号。”此复合句中的从句是个地点状语从句，须用连接副词where 引导，所以正确答案应为D。

（三）结果（程度）状语从句

例题 She told us _____story that we all forgot about the time.A.such an interestingB.such interesting aC.so an interestingD.a so interesting

分析 结果状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作所引起的结果。这种从句由such…that, so…that, so that等引导。其用法举例如下： 1． Such +a(an)+(adj.)+单数可数名词+ that+从句

● He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.2.such+(adj.)+复数可数名词+从句

●He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.3.such+(adj.)+不可数名词+that+从句

●He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.在“such+ adj.+ n.+that+ clause”这个结构中，其中名词由many, much, few, little 修饰时，须用副词so,例题中的结果状语从句由“such+ an + adj.+单数可数名词+that”引导。属于第一种情况，所以正确答案应为A。

（四）目的状语从句

例题 I hurried____ I wouldn’t be late for class.A.sinceB.so thatC.as ifD.unless 分析 目的状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作发生的目的。这种从句用连词so that, in order that 等引导。目的状语从句的谓语动词中常有情态动词may/might, can/ could, will/ would 和should.例如：

● He is working hard so that he may pass his examination.例题中有一个目的状语从句，所以正确答案应为D。

（五）条件状语从句

例题_____he comes, we won’t be able to go.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even 分析 条件状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作发生的条件、假定等。条件状语从句通常由连词if, unless和起连接作用的短语so/ as long as(只要)，so far as(就…)，suppose(that)(假定)等引导。例如：

● If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.● He will not come unless he is invited.● Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?

● As long as we don’t lose heart , we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.例题的选项中只有unless 可以引导一个条件状语从句，所以正确答案应为B。

（六）让步状语从句

例题 _____, he doesn’t study well.A.As he is cleverB.He is as cleverC.Clever as he isD.As clever he is

分析 让步状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示某种不利的情况或障碍，但这些因素并不能阻止主句的动作的发生。这种从句通常用连词although, though, as, however等；连接代词whatever, whoever等；起连接作用的短语even if though, no matter how what who 等引导。例如： ● Although/ Though the task was difficult, they managed to complete it in time.● Young as he is, he knows a lot.用as 引导让步状语从句时，常用倒装语序，如上面例句所示。● Nobody believed him no matter what / whatever he said.● He will never succeed.however/no matter how hard he tries.● Even if/ though an icy wind blew from the north, we always slept with our windows open.例题中有一个as 引导的让步状语从句，故从句中的表语clever 须放到as 前面去，所以正确答案应为C。