初中英语知识点总结:时间状语从句

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第一篇:初中英语知识点总结:时间状语从句

在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as,after,before,since,until等词引导。

一、时间状语从句种类

1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。例如:

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。

2、While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)

3、As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:

We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)

As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句,表示两个动作一前一后发生。例如:It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。

5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。例如:

I didn't go to bed until(till)my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

6、由since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”。

I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。

7、由as soon as引导的时间状语从句表示“一……就”。例如:

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。

二、时态问题

在状语从句中,有“主将从现”的规定,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句: I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我到北京就将给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive)常见考法

对于时间状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词,或从时态的角度设题,考查学生灵活运用的能力。典型例题:I'm sure he will jump up when he the good news.A.know B will know C.knows D knowing 解析:本题考查学生时间状语从句的时态问题。时间状语从句中,主句若是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来时。从句的主语是单三人称,所以排除 A。

答案: C 误区提醒

When既可以引导时间状语从句,也可以引导宾语从句,辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。

典型例题:I don’t know when he next week.when he , please let me know.A.comes, comes B.will come, will come C.will come, comes D.comes, will come 解析:第一句话“我不知道他下周什么时候来”,when引导宾语从句,表示将来时,就用一般将来时will come;第二句话“当他来的时候,请让我知道”,when引导时间状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来时,所以用 comes。答案: C

第二篇:【中考英语】初中英语知识点总结:宾语从句 定语从句和状语从句

【中考英语】初中英语知识点总结:宾语从句 定语从句和

状语从句

一、宾语从句知识点总结

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。

一、引导词

1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。例句:He told us(that)they would help us through the whole work.2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句:I don't know if there will be a bus any more.3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句:He didn't tell me when we should meet again.二、判断时态情况:

1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。

2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。

注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。

例句:He answered that he was listening to me.Father told me that practice makes perfect.三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序

陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。

错误:He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正确:He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意:宾语从句的否定转移

主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。例如:I don't think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won't come to my party.常见考法

对于宾语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从引导词的选择、时态的一致性及从句的陈述语序方面考查。

典型例题:Please tell me ______ last year.A.where does your sister work

B where did your sister work

C.where your sister works

D where your sister worked

解析:本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序,所以排除A和 B;last year 表示过去时,所以排除 C.答案:D

误区提醒

宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序,但要注意当疑问词为主语时,句式为:疑问词+谓语+其他,问句和陈述句语序一样。

典型例题:I didn't know ?

A.What wrong was with her

B.what was wrong with her

C.what wrong is with her

D.what is wrong with her

解析:主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态,所以排除C和D;在what was wrong with her中,what作主语,所以问句本身又是陈述句语序,不用变化。

答案: B

二、定语从句知识点总结

要学定语从句,得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的 词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why, how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、由who, whom, that, Whose引导的从句

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。

(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

(2)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师

(4)he man whose son is a doctor is our professor.那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。

2、由which,that引导的从句

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:

(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)

(2)The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)

注意:代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:

a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;

b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;

c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;

d)先行词中既有人又有物时;

e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;

f)当先行词为物并作表语时;

g)先行词为one时;

h)先行词同时又被the only, the very ,the same修饰时;

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语

Shanghai is the city where I was born.3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语,用在reason 后面。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.常见考法

对于定语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查,重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。

典型例题:You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who B.whom C.whom D.who

解析:先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略。第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略。

答案:D

误区提醒

当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时,要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词,反之用关系代词。

典型例题:I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when, which B.which, when

C.what, that

D.on which, when

解析:两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。

答案:A

三、状语从句知识点总结

(一)时间状语从句

在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as, after, before, since, until等词引导。

一、时间状语从句种类

1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。例如:

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。

2、While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例 如:While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.(was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)

3、As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示”一边……一边“)As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句,表示两个动作一前一后发生。

例如:It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。

5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until.并且要注意的 是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可 以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。例如:

I didn't go to bed until(till)my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

6、由since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”。

I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。

7、由as soon as引导的时间状语从句表示“一……就”。例如:

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。

二、时态问题

在状语从句中,有“主将从现”的规定,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句:I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我到北京就将给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive)

常见考法

对于时间状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词,或从时态的角度设题,考查学生灵活运用的能力。

典型例题:I'm sure he will jump up when he

the good news.A.know

B will know

C.knows

D knowing

解析:本题考查学生时间状语从句的时态问题。时间状语从句中,主句若是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来时。从句的主语是单三人称,所以排除 A.答案: C

误区提醒

When既可以引导时间状语从句,也可以引导宾语从句,辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。

典型例题:I don't know when he

next week.when he , please let me know.A.comes, comes

B.will come, will come

C.will come, comes

D.comes, will come

解析:第一句话“我不知道他下周什么时候来”,when引导宾语从句,表示将来时,就用一般将来时will come;第二句话“当他来的时候,请让我知道”,when引导时间状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来时,所以用 comes.答案: C

(二)结果状语从句知识点总结

结果状语从句是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,结果状语从句常由so… that或 such…that引导。要掌握这两个句型,我们首先来了解一下so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。

1、such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,such(+a/an)(+形容词)+名词+that;例如:

such a good book, such nice girls

2、so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词,“so+形容词/副词+that”。例如:

so nice, so slowly

一般情况下,such+a+形容词+名=so+形容词+aan+名 例如:

so nice a flower = such a nice flower

表达“如此多/少”时,常用so,so与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。例如:so many people

so… that和 such…that都可译成“如此的···以至于···”,二者可以互换,(当so修饰副词的时候,二者往往不互换)

例句:

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.常见考法

对于结果状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题:His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it.A.so

B.and

C.that D.as

解析:题干的意思是“他的计划如此好以至于我们都同意接受它”,that与前面的such呼应,引导结果状语从句。

答案:A

误区提醒

结果状语从句中。除了要注意so… that和 such…that的区别外,还要注意它们和too……to do(太···而不能····)和enough +形容词/副词+to do(足够的···可以···)的转换。

典型例题:Ann is too young to go to school.(同义句转换)

Ann is

go to school.解析:原句的意思是“安太小了而不能去上学”。那也就是说“安是如此的小,以至于她不能去上学”,根据所给出的空数,可以用so… that句型。

答案:so young that she can't

(三)原因状语从句知识点总结

是用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句,在初中阶段引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since, for等。例如:

1.I didn't go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。

2.Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都来了,让我们开始开会吧。

3.As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身体不好,你就不该熬夜。

4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她。

原因状语从句应注意的问题

1、because, since, as, for,辨析

1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since.I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for.例:

He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.3)as和for的区别:通常情况下,as引导的从句在主句前,for引导的从句在主句后。例:As the weather is cold, I stay at home.(同义句)I stay at home, for the weather is cold.2、because习惯上不与so连用

汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”,但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用:

正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home./ It was raining, so we stayed at home.误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。

3、because 从句与 because of短语的转换

Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后加的原因可以为好或坏,但最正规的还是because.He can't come because he is ill./ He can't come because of his illness.他因病不能来。

I said nothing about it because his wife was there./ I said nothing about it because of his wife's being there.因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提。

常见考法

对于原因状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题:He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A.and

B.for

C.but

D.or

解析:“his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因,因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句。

答案: B

误区提醒

除了because、since、as、for这四个词的辨析外,对于because 从句与 because of短语的区分也是难点之一。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后跟的是短语,because后跟的是句子。

典型例题:He didn't go to work

the heavy rain.A.because

B.because of

C.so

D.since

解析:题干的意思是“由于那场大雨,他没有去上班”,the heavy rain.表示原因,排除C;since和because 表示原因,后面跟的是从句,也就是说必须是一个完整的句子,本题中the heavy rain没有主语和谓语。只是一个短语,所以排除A和C;because of表示“由于···”,后跟名词、代词或短语。

答案:B

(四)条件状语从句知识点总结

引导条件状语从句的连接词主要有:if(如果)、unless(除非)或 as long as(只要)等。unless在意思上等于if……not.一、条件状语从句用法

1、引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:

If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。

另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。

2、unless = if……not.除非,若不,除非在……的时候

例如:Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.=If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。

3、so/as long as只要

例句;You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.只要你保持书的清 洁,你就可以把我的书借去。

So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do.只要你高兴,你做什么都没有关系。

二、时态问题

在条件状语从句中,要注意“主将从现”的规定,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句: I will come to see you if I have time.我有时间,我就来看你。

常见考法

对于条件状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从时态的角度设题,考查学生灵活运用的能力,或从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题:If he ___in half an hour, we ___wait for him.A.won't come, won't

B.won't come, don't

C.doesn't come, won't

D.will come, don't

解析:本题考查条件状语从句“主将从现”的运用。题干的意思是“如果他一小时后不来,我们将不会等他了”,从“in half an hour”,“一小时后”可知本句说的是未来的事,那么if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来时,主句要用一般将来时。

答案:C

误区提醒

if 既可以引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,也可以引导宾语从句,表达“是否”。辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。另外,if 和unless的用法也需注意。

典型例题: ——I wonder if your wife

to the party.----If your wife _________, so will mine。.A.will go, go

B.will go, goes

C.goes, will go

D.will go, will go

解析:第一句中if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句,用将来时will go;第二句“如果你的妻子去,我的妻子也去”,if引导条件状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来时。your wife,单三人称主语,所以用goes.答案:B

(五)目的状语从句知识点总结

顾名思义,用来说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。表示目的状语的从句可以由 that(以便), so that(以便), in order that(为了;以便), Lest(免得;唯恐), for fear that(生怕;以免)等词引导;目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。

例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.学习目的状语从句应注意以下两点:

(1)目的状语从句中常含有can, could, may, might, should等情态动词。例如:

I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早,目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。

(2)在口语中so可以引导目的状语从句。例如:

We'll sit nearer the front so we can hear better.我们坐的靠前一点,因此,我们听得清楚一点。

1、in order that与in order to的区别:

in order that+从句

in order to+动词原形(in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句,叫目的状语)例如:

He got up early in order to take the first bus.= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.(他起床很早是为了赶上第一班 公共汽车)

目的状语从句的一个特点:由于目的都是未来的行为,所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态,比如上面句中的could.当然还可以用will,would,can,等.2、so that既可引导目的状语从句,也可以引导结果状语从句。

1)其引导结果状语从句时,so that翻译为“以至于……”,经常可以和so/such……that……转换,且从句只能放在主句之后。如:He got up late so that he was late for school.= He got up so late that he was late for school.2)其引导目的状语从句时,从句只能放在主句之后,此时可以和in order that换用。如:He got up early so that he could take the first bus.= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.常见考法

对于目的状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题:Ann listened carefully _____ she could discover what she needed.A.such that B.in order that C.because

D.even though

解析:题干的意思是“为了能够发现自己需要的东西,安认真听讲”。很明显从句表示的是目的。such that本身是错误短语,because 表示原因,even though是“尽管”的意思,不符合题意。

答案:B

误区提醒

如何区别目的状语从句中的so that与结果状语从句中的so that的用法,这是我们需要注意的。目的状语从句的so that是连着的,结果状语从句是分开的,即so…that.so that是目的状语从句,是为了什么什么,有目的的含义。而so…that是结果状语从句,是“如此怎么怎么样结果是什么”。仔细体会一下吧!

典型例题:I get up so early

I can not be late

A.that B.so that C.such that

D.in order

解析:题干的意思是“我起床如此早以便于我可以不迟到”。从句表示目的,首先排除C,因为such that本身是错误短语,在排除in order,因为它后面不能跟句子;因为句子中有so,所以大家可能选A,如果选它,那句子的意思是“我起床如此早结果我可以不迟到”,显然说不通,所以 排除。

答案: B

(六)方式状语从句知识点总结

1、方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as…so…, as if, as though引导。

1)as,(just)as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just)as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是“正如…”,“就像”,多用于正式文体,例如:

Please do as what I told you.请按照我告诉你的做。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2)as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”,“好像……似的”,例如:

He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lightning.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)

说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:

He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。

2、其他的引导词

1)the way: Please pronounce the word the way I do.请照我这样,读这个单词。

2)口语常用的like: He sit there smiling like it was his birthday.他面带微笑坐在那儿,像是过生日似的。(这里用了虚拟语气,值得注意的是be动词用的was,而表示虚拟as if引导的be动词则只能是were.)

地点状语从句表示地点、方位,这类从句通常由where,wherever引导。例如:

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。

They will go where they are happy.他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。

(七)地点状语从句知识点总结

1、地点状语从句类型

1)Where+地点从句。此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”或“····的地方”。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。

They were good persons.Where they went, they were warmly welcomed.他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。

You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方.We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。

2)Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。

anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如:

Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen.有海就有海员。

2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别

二者区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语,则是状语从句;作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句。where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词。如:

Go back where you came from.(where引导地点状语从句)你从何处来到何处去。Go back to the village where you came from.(where引导定语从句,修饰village)回到你来的那个村子里去。

3、地点状语从句的省略,如:Fill in the blanks with articles necessary.(necessary前省略了where it is)在需要的地方填上冠词。

常见考法

对于方式和地点状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题:She looks

she is ill.A as if

B though

C because

D since

解析:as if 表示“好像”,though 表示“尽管”,because表示“因为”,since 表示“既然”,从题干的意思“看上去她好象是生病了,确定答案为A.答案:A

误区提醒

单纯考查地点状语从句在初中阶段考试中出现的并不多,这种从句多是在完形填空和阅读短文中出现,以考查学生的理解能力。它和定语从句的区别是容易出错的地方。

典型例题:

1、You should let your children play _________ you can see them.A.where

B.when

C.in which

D.that

解析:题干的意思是“你应该让你的孩子在你能看见的地方玩”,句中没有表示地点的名词作先行词,所以不是定语从句。where 意为“在……的地方”,引导地点状语从句。

答案:A

2、Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work.A.where

B.when

C.in which

D.that

解析:题干的意思是“现在他在他父亲过去工作的那家工厂工作”,句中有表示地点的名词作先行词factory,所以where引导定语从句,表示地点。

答案:A

(八)让步状语从句知识点总结

所谓让步,就是我们日常生活中“退一步说……”的意思,有一种转折关系在里面。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though, although, while, as, even if, even though, whether……or……, no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever,一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,“无论……”。用法如下:

1、though,although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比 though正式,二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。例如:

Although/Though he is very old,(yet)he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。

值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。

2、as, though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。例如:

Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress.(=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。

3、even if,even though 表示“即使……”,“纵使……”之意,含有一种假设。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,可用来表示与事实相反的假设,但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实,表示已经发生了的事。例如:

We'll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行。

4、whether……or……表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:

You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼.5、“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如:

No matter what happened, he would not mind.(=Whatever happened,he would not mind.)无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的。

但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如:Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I won't believe you.(Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。

I'll eat whatever(≠no matter what)you give me.(whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么。

(九)比较状语从句知识点总结

比较状语从句一般是指含有比较级的句子中由as或than引起的从句。从某种角度上说,它也是一种方式状语从句,例如:

He moves more slowly than his sister does.他行动起来比他妹妹慢。

He works as hard as his brother(does).他学习和他哥哥一样努力。

常见考法

对于让步和比较状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题:it is very late now, the workers are still working in the factory.A

Although

B As

C When

D If

解析:本题考查让步状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意“尽管现在很晚了,工人们仍然在工厂工作”,前后有转折关系,是让步状语从句。

误区提醒

用though/although, as 引导让步状语从句时,句中不能用but表示转折语气。例如:

不能说:Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.而要说:Though he looks weak, he is healthy.或者说:He looks weak, but he is healthy.典型例题:Though it rained heavily yesterday, he got to school on time.A

but

B /

C and

解析:题干的意思是“尽管昨天下大雨了,他还是按时到达了学校”,前后是转折关系,有同学可能会选A,但hough/although和but不能同时使用,所以选B.答案:B

第三篇:时间状语从句练习题___教案

时间状语从句练习题

一、巩固练习

1.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes __d___ I heard the voices.A.as

B.after

C.while

D.when 2.Hardly had he arrived in Hongkong ____a____ she rang me up.A.when B.than C.that D.and 3.Someone called me up in the middle of the night,but they hung up ____d____ I could answer the phone.A.as

B.since

C.until

D.before 4.The roof fell __c___ he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.A.before

B.as

C.after

D.until 5.Scientists say it may be five or ten years __a___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.since

B.before

C.after

D.when 6._d__ the Internet is bringing the distance between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.A.When

B.If

C.As

D.While 7.____a____ they heard the shout for help,they rushed out.A.Immediately B.The moment C.The while D.All the above 8.I saw Mr.Smith last Sunday.We had not seen each other ___c_____ I left London.A.as

B.before

C.since

D.till 9.The problem won’t be settled until we ____a____ a chance to discuss it thoroughly.A.have had

B.will have

C.will have had

D.would have 10.Why do you want to find a new job ______d__ you’ve got such a good one already? A.that

B.where

C.which

D.when

二、高考真题

1.I used to love that film ___b__ I was a child, but I don't feel it that way any more.(2008辽宁卷)A.once B.when C.since D.although 2.Nancy enjoyed herself so much ___c__ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.(2008福建)A.that B.which C.when D.where 3.There were some chairs left over ___b__ everyone had sat down.(2008四川卷)A.when B.until C.that D.where 4.In some places women are expected to earn money __b__ men work at home and raise their children.A.but B.while C.because D.though 5.___b___the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.(2008卷)A.If B.While C.Because D.As 6.I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time __a__ Brian get back.(2008北京卷)A.before B.since C.till D.after 7.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ___a_____ we’ve actually had that lesson.[2007 天津卷] A.until B.after C.since D.when

8.He was told that it would be at least three more months ______b_____he could recover and return work.A.when B.before C.since D.that

9.____d____ I really don’t like art ,I find his work impressive.[2007 山东卷] A.As B.Since C.If D.While

10.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a long time ___b__ we meet them again.[2007 安徽卷]

A.after B.before C.since D.when

第四篇:状语从句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(条件、让步和对比从句)条件从句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引导,如:

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.让步从句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等从属连词引导,如:

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述让步从句的某些从属连词时注意以下几点:

a.although(though)不可与连词 but 连用;

b.as 引导的从句意义和 though 相似,但表示的语气较强,并须将强调的词放在句首(但不用 although),如:

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引导的从句中,however / no matter how 后须紧跟形容词或副词,如:

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.对比从句

表示两个人或两件事之间的对比,常用 while 或 whereas 引导,如:

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、结果和目的从句)原因从句

主要由下列从属连词引导:

1. Because, as, since。其中 because 语气最强,表示直接、主要原因,通常引导的从句放在句尾,特别是回答 why 提出的问题只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明显的、已知的原因,since 比 as 正式,如:

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2. now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。这些连词与 as, since 意思相近,通常用于书面语,并且它们兼有其它意义。now that 有“时间”含义,表示”既然”,说明一种新

情况;seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“条件”含义;in that 有”某一方面”含义,如:

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter(保姆).结果从句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等连词引导,如:

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的从句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等连词引导,如:

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引导结果从句也可引导目的从句,但结果从句表示事实,通常不含情态动词;目的从句表示希望或想要实现的事实,通常含有情态动词,如:

He got up early so that he caught the train.(结果)

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.(目的)

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意义,并且从句中动词须用 “动词原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虚拟语气,如:

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比较从句)方式从句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等连词引导,如:

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引导的从句通常用虚拟语气,但如果主句谓语是感官动词,并且所述情况实现可能性大,也可用陈述语气,如:

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比较从句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等连词引导,如:

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例从句和其它从句)比例从句

由关联词 the...the...连接形容词或副词比较级构成,如:

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它从句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引导的类比从句;so(as)far as 引导的范围从句;except that 引导的例外从句;rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引导的择比从句等,如:

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.(沙漠似海,骆驼似舟。)

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.(铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人的身体。)

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.(据我所知,他是一个诚实的人。)

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.(要不是我太忙了,我会很高兴去做的。)

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.(他宁可沿街乞讨,也不愿意用欺骗手段骗取钱。)

He would rather have the small one than the large one.(他宁可要那个小的,而不愿要那个大的。)

第五篇:初中英语宾语从句知识点总结

初中英语宾语从句知识点总结

(一)考察的三个要点:语序,时态,关联词。

1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2.构成:关联词+简单句。

3宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。(who 作主语的从句本身就是陈述句语序)

4宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,连接宾语从句的连词有that(that在口语中常省略)。whether,if,和连接代词what,which,who,whom及连接副词when,where,how,why。

He knew(that)he should study hard.他知道他应该努力学习。

Can you tell me which class you are in?

您能告诉我,您在哪一班吗?

He asked me if he could come in,他问我他是否能进来。

5.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:

(1)从属连词that.如:一般那情况下可以省略。

He told us that he felt ill.I know he has returned.注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。

1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)

2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)

3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)

我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

(2)从属连词if/whether.如:

I doubt whether he will succeed.I don’t know if you can help me.(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

连接副词 where,when,how,why.Who or what he was,Martin never learned.I wonder what he’s writing to me about.I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.注意

1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。

We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.2.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连词that可省略。

I am not sure what I ought to do.I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.3.连词whether(…or not)或if引导的宾语从句

if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:

I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。

用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较:

Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。

4.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:

I don’t think you are right.I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?

5.宾语从句的时态变化规律:

主句从句

一般现在时可根据需要用任何时态。

一般过去时过去的某种时态,例如:一般过去,过去进行,过去完成,过去将来等

注意:说到自然现象和普遍真理时,用一般现在时

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.3宾语从句应注意的问题

1.时态的一致(主句的时态与从句的时态一致)a.宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

I know he lives here.我知道他住在这儿。

I know he lived here ten years ago.我知道他十年前住在这儿。

I have heard that he will come.我已经听说他要来了。

b.宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。

I know who lives here.我知道谁住在这儿。

I know who lived here 我知道谁住过这儿。

Everyone he asks us if everyone is here.He asked us if everyone was here.他问我们是否所有的人都出席了。

He has said that he has seen it.他说过他已经看了。

He said that he had seen it.他说他已经看了。

2.语序的变化

a.陈述句变为宾语从句时,语序不变。

陈述句:He is an honest man.他是一个诚实的人。

宾语从句:I said he was an honest man.(连词that可省)

我说他是一个诚实的人。

陈述句:We'll Win.我们会赢。

宾语从句:We believe we'll win.我们相信我们会赢。

b.一般疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序,用whether,if连接。

一般疑问句:Does he study hard?

他学习认真吗?

宾语从句:I wonder if(whether)he studies hard.我不知道他是否认真学习。

一般疑问句:Will they win?他们会赢吗?

宾语从句:I asked if(whether)they would win.我问他们是否会赢。

c.特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序,用连接代词或副词(即保留原来的疑问词)。

特殊疑问句:Who is he?

他是谁?

宾语从句:Do you know who he is?

你知道他是谁吗?

特殊疑问句:What does he want?

他要什么?

宾语从句:I don't know what he wants.我不知道他要什么。

注意

Who went there?

(特殊疑问句)

谁去那里呢?

I wonder who

went there.(宾语从句)

我不知道谁去那里。

因为是对主语提问,所以特殊疑问句语序不变。变为宾语从句时,语序依然不变。

特殊疑问句:When did he leave?

他何时离开的?

宾语从句:I know when he left.我知道他是什么时候离开的。

特殊疑问句:Where will he arrive?

他将会到哪里呢?

宾语从句:He asked me where he would arrive.他问我他将会到哪里。

初中英语宾语从句知识点总结

(二)知识点总结

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。

一、.引导词

1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。例句:He told us(that)they would help us through the whole work.2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.二、判断时态情况:

1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。

2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。

注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。

例句:He answered that he was listening to me.Father told me that practice makes perfect.三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序

陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。

错误: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正确: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意:宾语从句的否定转移

主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.例如;I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.常见考法

对于宾语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从引导词的选择、时态的一致性及从句的陈述语序方面考查。

典型例题:Please tell me ______ last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work

C.where your sister works D where your sister worked

解析:本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序,所以排除A和 B;last year 表示过去时,所以排除 C。

答案:D

误区提醒

宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序,但要注意当疑问词为主语时,句式为:疑问词+谓语+其他,问句和陈述句语序一样。

典型例题:I didn't know ?

A.What wrong was with her B.what was wrong with her

C.what wrong is with her D.what is wrong with her

解析:主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态,所以排除C和D;在what was wrong with her中,what作主语,所以问句本身又是陈述句语序,不用变化。

答案: B

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反意疑问句知识点总结,初中英语反意疑问句知识点总结 七年级英语下册期末备考知识点整理 动名词知识点总结,初一英语动名词知识点 初一下册英语期中考要点之What can you do? 现在进行时知识点总结,现在进行时知识

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