第一篇:高考英语一轮复习1名词性从句教学案
专题11 名词性从句
考纲展示 命题探究
考点一 主语从句
基础点
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通过放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
主语从句的连接词
在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。连接主语从句的连接词主要有三类:从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。
(1)从属连词
从属连词主要有两个that, whether;从属连词在从句中不作任何成分。That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要来参加会议使我们每一个人都十分激动。Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.你是否能成功取决于你自己。
特别提醒
if一般(不在句首)引导主语从句。that引导主语从句不能省略。(2)连接代词
连接代词在从句中起名词的作用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,一般表示疑问。who谁,whom谁(宾格),whose谁的,what什么,which哪一个,whoever无论是谁,whomever无论是谁(宾格),whosever无论是谁的,whatever无论是什么,whichever无论是哪一个。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么还不清楚。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得这个奖品。
特别提醒
主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式;但如果what引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念时,谓语动词则常用复数形式。
What we need is water.我们所需要的是水。
What we need are useful books.我们所需要的是有用的书。(3)连接副词
连接副词在从句中起副词的作用,作状语,一般表示疑问,但有时不表示疑问。when什么时候,where在哪里,why为什么,how如何,whenever无论是什么时候,wherever无论在哪里,however无论如何。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它们为什么突然消失还是个谜。
重难点
it作形式主语的主语从句
(1)It+be+adj.+主语从句。常用于该句型的adj.有: necessary必要的 likely可能的 clear清楚的 important重要的 possible可能的 right正确的 wrong错误的 strange奇怪的 natural自然的 certain肯定的 obvious明显的
It_is_quite_clear_that the whole project is to fail.很清楚,整个项目就要失败。
典例1 It is by no means clear ________the president can do to end the strike.[答案] what 句意:总统可以采取什么措施来结束罢工一点儿都不清楚。此句中it是形式主语,代替后面的真正的主语从句,故设空处应填能够引导主语从句的连接词,由于从句中及物动词do后缺少宾语,故应使用连接代词what。
(2)It+be+名词/名词词组+主语从句。常用于该句型的名词或名词词组有: shame遗憾
pity可惜
hope希望 no wonder难怪 good news好消息
It_is_a_shame_that we should have lost such an important customer.真遗憾我们失去了一位如此重要的客户。
It_is_our_hope_that the two sides will work together.我们的希望是双方能够合作。
(3)It+be+过去分词+主语从句。常用于该句型的过去分词有:
said据说
believed被相信
reported据报道 thought被认为 known所知
It_is_said_that our school will hold a sports meet next week.据说我们学校下周要举行运动会。
It_has_been_decided_that they should start the project next month.他们要在下个月开始这项工程已经定下来了。
(4)It+特殊动词/动词短语+主语从句。常用于这种结构的特殊动词/动词短语有: seem看上去
appear显得
happen碰巧 matter重要 turn out结果是
It_happened_that a lion was hiding nearby.刚好有一头狮子躲在旁边。
Does it_matter_that I won't attend the meeting tomorrow? 明天我不去参加会议要紧吗?
典例2 It doesn't matter ________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.[答案] whether 句意:在十字路口无论你向左转还是右转都没关系——两条路都通往公园。It是形式主语,设
空处应填入引导主语从句的连接词,从句后半部分的连词or提示本题为whether...or...结构,表示“是……还是……”。
典例3 It's no longer a question now ________man can land on the moon.[答案] that 句意:现在人类登上月球不再是问题。考查名词性从句,it为形式主语,后面的从句是真正的主语。由于引导词在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用,故用that。
[考法综述] 了解名词性从句的基本用法,掌握各引导词的用法,辨析that与what,掌握it作形式主语的常见结构。
命题法 考查主语从句的引导词
典例1 ________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.[答案] How 句意:我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知,________we understand things 在句中作主语,是主语从句,根据句意可知,此处应用连接副词how。
典例2 What Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.________________________________________________________ [答案] What→Where 依据语境可知,此处指有些人对大诗人李白的出生地存在质疑,分析句子结构可知,What Li Bai,...was born在句中作主语且其中只缺状语,因此改为Where,引导主语从句。what引导名词性从句要在从句中作主、宾或表语。
【解题法】(1)掌握各引导词在意义和功能上的差别。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中,考查名词性从句的引导词是不给提示词的,考生要分析句子结构,找出主语部分,分析引导词在从句中所作成分和表达的意义。
(3)在短文改错中,考查引导词的错用,掌握相似引导词的差别,如what和that等。从引导词在从句中所作成分和意义入手。
A.单句填空
1.Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.答案 when [句意:马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定,但有可能是在1565年左右。由句意可知,后一分句是来补充说明前一分句中的不确定的内容的,根据“around 1565”可知是对时间进行提问,因此用when引导前面的主语从句。] 2.I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.答案 what [句意:我认为他的画给我印象最深的是他对色彩的运用。what引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示“……的”。] 3.Some people believe________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案 what/whatever [句意:一些人认为,不管是以前发生的还是现在发生的事情都会在将来重现。此处“________has happened before or is happening now”是主语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故填what/whatever。] 4.________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案 When [句意:延误的飞机何时起飞很大程度上取决于天气状况。根据句意填连接副词When。] 5.________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.答案 What [句意:使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。What在此处引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。] 6.________you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.答案 Whether [句意:你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。此处为主语从句,if表示“是否”且于句首时不引导主语从句。根据句意可知应用Whether。] 7.It suddenly occurred to me ________I hadn't locked my door.答案 that [句意:我突然想起我没锁门。it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。It occurs to sb.that意为“某人突然想起……”。] 8.As the spokeswoman said,________we should take action against them depends on what they will do.答案 whether [句意:正如女发言人所说的那样,我们是否应该针对他们采取行动取
决于他们将会怎么做。本空需要用连接词引导主语从句,表示“是否”,因此用whether引导。] 9.—What made her so happy? —________her son passed the college entrance examination.答案 That [句意:——是什么使她这么快乐?——她儿子通过高考了。答语为that引导的主语从句,引导词在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用。] 10.________will matter is not how many books you read, but how much you learn when you finish reading them.答案 What [句意:重要的不是你读了多少书,而是你读完书后学到了多少。从句子结构看,is前面是一个主语从句,从句中缺少主语,应用What。] B.单句改错
1.That you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.________________________________________________________ 答案 That→What [句意:你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前途。分析句子结构可知,引导主语从句,且在从句中作宾语,故用What, That引导主语从句,在从句中不作成分。] 2.It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意:这个新成立的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知,It 作形式主语,而真正的主语是后面的从句“that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”;再根据句意可判断,此处表示“是否”,故改为whether, that无意义。] 3.It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.________________________________________________________ 答案 It→What [句意:这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。“It struck me most in the movie”为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“所……的”,故用What,It不引导从句。] 4.Which one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.________________________________________________________ 答案 Which→Whichever [句意:你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。根据题干中one of you可知,空处要用whichever修饰one, 指“你们中的任何一个人”。which指哪一个,表达疑问,故改为whichever。] 5.It doesn't matter how many times you fail;that matters is how many times you stand up and try again.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意:你失败多少次都不要紧;要紧的是你有多少次站起来并再次尝试。分析句子成分可知,“that matters”是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,故用what引导。that不作成分。]
6.We have learned from the story that which is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives.________________________________________________________ 答案 which→what [“which is most valuable”是主语从句,在宾语从句中作主语,根据语境可知,该主语从句缺少主语且表示事物,故用what。which指某一范围中的哪个或哪些。] 7.It was never clear that the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→why [句意:不清楚这个人为什么不早一点报告那起事故。此处需要连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作原因状语,why表示“为什么……”。故把that改为why。] 8.—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals.—It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [答句表示“我根本就没想到你能说服他改变自己的看法”,句中It作形式主语,这里应该用that引导主语从句,连接词在从句中不作任何成份,也无意义。故把what改为that。]
考点二 宾语从句
基础点
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句(Object Clause)。宾语从句可分为三类:动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句、形容词后的宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词
I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师求助。I wonder whether/if it is true.我想知道它是否是真的。
I wonder what I can do for you.我不知道能为你做些什么。
He didn't tell me when we would meet again.他没告诉我什么时候我们再相见。
Could you please show me how you operate the machine? 你能给我展示一下如何操作这台机器吗?
I don't know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该信任谁。
典例1 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________he could have expressed it differently.[答案] that 句意:杰瑞不后悔给出评论,但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。从句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的宾语,连接词that在从句中不作成分。故填that。
特别提醒
that引导宾语从句时,常被省去,但下列情况下不能省略:①当that从句作介词的宾语时;②动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略;③宾语从句前有插入语时;④that引导的从句位于句首时。
I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.除了他来自乡下以外,我对他一无所知。
He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.他说他非常喜欢雨,下雨天他都不愿打伞。
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们待在家里。That our team will win, I believe.我相信我们队会赢。
一般来说,能引导主语从句的连接词都能引导宾语从句。
表疑问的宾语从句需要运用陈述句语序,但个别宾语从句本应运用陈述语序,但由于习惯而仍保持原疑问语序不变。
I don't know what is the matter with the machine.我不知道这台机器怎么了。2 动词后接宾语从句的用法
(1)大多数及物动词及动词短语后可接宾语从句。
We should keep in mind that there is no short cut to learning.我们应当牢记,学习是没有捷径的。(2)用it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有:
find发现
feel感觉
think认为 consider考虑 believe相信 guess猜测 suppose假定,设想 make使得
I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天喝大量开水是有必要的。
The teacher made it a rule that all the cleaning should be finished before 7:30 every morning.老师规定每天早晨7:30之前所有的清扫工作必须结束。
(3)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”,“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
I hate it_when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
I would appreciate it_if you can help me.如果你能帮助我,我将不胜感激。
典例2 You can always rely on________Jack says, as he never tells a lie.[答案] what 句意:你完全可以相信杰克的话,因为他从不说谎。what引导宾语从句作rely on的宾语,what在从句中作says的宾语。介词后接宾语从句的用法
(1)一般情况下介词后只能接wh类连接词引导的宾语从句。He'll talk to us about what he saw in the USA.他将给我们讲述他在美国的见闻。
典例3 When she was awake, she found that she was standing on________seemed to be a piece of stone.[答案] what 句意:当她醒来时,她发现自己好像正站在一块石头上。stand on后接宾语从句,宾语从句缺少引导词和主语,what在宾语从句中作主语,that引导的从句一般不作介词宾语。故填what。
(2)in, but, except 等少数几个介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句,但此时介词和that已形成固定搭配,即in that因为,but that要不是,except that除了。
The high income tax is harmful in_that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税很高是有害的,因为它可能使人不愿意多赚钱。He would have failed but_that you helped him.若不是你帮助他,他会失败的。(but that意为“若不是,要不是”)4 形容词后接宾语从句的用法
(1)表示情感的形容词后可接宾语从句,如:afraid, certain, glad, pleased, sure, surprised, sorry, happy, confident, anxious, aware, convinced, determined, proud, worried, thankful, ashamed, annoyed, disappointed, hurt, content等。
I'm very pleased that all of your family will come.我很高兴你们全家都会来。
I'm sure that they'll make it in spite of the terrible weather.我确信尽管天气很不好,但他们会准时到达的。
(2)sure后宾语从句的连接词that, whether, if的选择。
当be sure用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句的连接词常用that;当be sure用于否定
句时,其后的宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if。
Are you sure that I won't bother you if I sit beside you? 你确定我坐在你旁边不会打扰你吗?
I am not sure whether I should write to him or not.我不确定要不要给他写信。
重难点 宾语从句的时态
(1)主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时,从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。
He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday.他说他从周一至周五都在学校学习。
He will tell us what happened to him during our absence.他会告诉我们我们不在的期间他出了什么事的。
(2)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon.那个男孩说周日下午没有课。
My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in.我的语文老师问我他进来时我是否在读《红与黑》这本书。
(3)如果从句表示客观事实或真理,不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态,从句都要用一般现在时。
As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own.I didn't believe it.孩提时,人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光,我不相信。
特别提醒
学习宾语从句的时态的有关知识时要注意:若主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,从句的谓语动词须根据需要选用相应的时态;若主句的谓语动词用一般过去时,则从句的谓语动词也应用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时);若从句的内容为客观事实、格言、谚语、真理等,从句的谓语动词的时态不受动词时态一致性原则的限制,仍然用一般现在时;若从句的内容为历史事实,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。宾语从句的否定转移
(1)主句主语是第一人称,谓语动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等后面的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
I don't_think I can remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在两小时内记住这100个单词。I don't_suppose that he likes it.我想他不喜欢它。
(2)含有否定转移的句子变反意疑问句时有两种情况:若主句主语是第一人称,简短问
句的主语和谓语应分别与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;若主句主语不是第一人称,简短问句的主语和谓语应分别与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。
I don't_think(that)he is interested in that thing, is he? 我认为他对那件事不感兴趣,是吗?
You don't_imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你认为他没有通过这次考试,是吗?
“I don't think/believe/suppose/expect so.”是常见的表达,但是没有“I don't hope/guess so.”,正确的表达应为“I hope/guess not.”。
[考法综述] 考查宾语从句主要集中在对引导宾语从句的各引导词的考查上,以及it作形式宾语的宾语从句的考查。
命题法 考查宾语从句的引导词
典例1 I truly believe ________beauty comes from within.[答案] that 句意:我真的相信美是发自内心的。分析句子结构可知,________beauty comes from within在句中作believe的宾语,是宾语从句,不缺少句子成分,故填that。
典例2 As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly what thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→how 根据语境和形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句,表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故把what改为how。
【解题法】(1)分析句子结构,找出主句谓语,判断从句类别。掌握各引导词在意义、功能上的差别。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中,要分析设空处在从句中的成分和意义,结合整个主句的结构和意义,从而找到合适的引导词。
(3)在短文改错中,先分析主句结构,再分析从句的类别,熟记各引导词的特点,找出使用错误的引导词,并改正。
A.单句填空
1.The exhibition tells us ________we should do something to stop air pollution.答案 why [句意:该展览告诉我们为什么我们要采取措施阻止空气污染。根据句意以及句子结构可知,空格处用why引导宾语从句。] 2.—I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.答案 how [根据答语“By working out every day”可知,空格处用how 来引导宾语从句,表示方式。] 3.Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.答案 what [句意:读着她的自传,我对Doris Lessing 在文学上已经取得的成就赞叹不已。根据句子结构来判断,for后接一个宾语从句,而从句中缺少宾语,所以要用what。] 4.We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案 when [句意:我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来,以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知,要给Karl订房间,那么就要清楚他来这里的时间,故填when。] 5.Susan made it clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself.答案 that [句意:苏珊清楚地向我表明,她希望自己开始一种新的生活。it为形式宾语,设空处引导的宾语从句为真正的宾语。从句结构和句意完整,故用that。] 6.After a long journey, those young men finally reached ________they called the paradise.答案 what [句意:长途跋涉后,这些年轻人最终到达了他们称之为天堂的地方。“________they called the paradise”是宾语从句,作reach的宾语,在从句中call缺宾语,故用what引导宾语从句同时作从句中call的宾语。] 7.The 3G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to________wants to get the information through the Internet quickly.答案 whoever [句意:3G手机对于那些想要快速浏览网络获取信息的人来说一定是非常方便实用的。whoever引导宾语从句作介词to的宾语,且whoever在从句中作主语,相当于anyone who。] 8.John seemed puzzled about________the question meant.答案 what [句意:John 对这个问题意味着什么感到很迷惑。根据句子的结构判断,about后接的是一个宾语从句,而从句中meant缺少宾语,所以填what。] 9.Mom often phones me, asking________I am getting along with my studies.答案 how [句意:母亲常给我打电话,问我学习进展如何。此处asking 后为宾语从句,根据句意可知,应填how。] 10.Are you sure________Mr Li will come to your birthday party? 答案 that [句意:你确定李先生要来参加你的生日晚会吗?空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中不作成分,故用that引导。] B.单句改错
1.It is difficult for us to imagine that life was like for slaves in the ancient world.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意:对我们来说很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。What...be like为固定形式,表示“……是什么样子”。what引导的宾语从句作imagine的宾语,同时what在宾语从句中作介词like的宾语。] 2.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing that you're afraid to do.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意:振作起来。勇气就是做你害怕要去做的。分析句子结构可知,doing后为宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,故用what。that在名词性从句中不作成分。] 3.Police have found where appears to be the lost ancient statue.________________________________________________________ 答案 where→what [句意:警察已经找到了与丢失的古代的雕像类似的东西。分析句子结构可知,用what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语。where是副词,不作主语。] 4.Experts believe why people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意:专家们相信,人们只有在必要时才去购物就能减少食物浪费。根据句意和结构可知,believe后面要求接宾语从句,而且从句中不缺句子成分,也无意义,所以用that。] 5.Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in which they are wearing.________________________________________________________
答案 which→what [句意:有些人太过在意自己的外表,总是问(别人)自己穿在身上的衣服看起来是否不错。分析句子结构,再结合句意“他们所穿的衣服”应使用连词what引导这一宾语从句,what在从句中作wear的宾语,指代人穿的衣服。which在引导名词从句时意为“哪一个”,不合题意,故把which改为what。] 6.Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize what diverse the American culture is.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意:只有当你亲自来到纽约时,你才会意识到美国文化是多么不同。根据how+adj./adv.+主语+其他部分可知,应用how。故把what改为how。] 7.The bride and groom gave who attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.________________________________________________________ 答案 who→whoever [句意:新郎和新娘给任何一个参加他们婚礼的人发礼物以分享他们的幸福。分析句子成分可知,“who attended their wedding”是宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,意为“无论谁”,而who意为“谁”,表疑问。] 8.—Dad, I want to go out for dinner with my friends tonight.—Keep in mind when you have to be home by 9:00.________________________________________________________ 答案 when→that [句意:——爸爸,今晚我想和朋友们一起出去吃饭。——记住你9点前必须回家。keep in mind that...是习惯用语,意为“记住……”,其中that引导的从句作keep的宾语。故把when改为that。] 9.This still leaves the question of that local public services should be improved in the next five years.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→how [句意:未来五年地方公共服务应该如何改进的问题仍然遗留下来。应用how引导的从句作介词of的宾语,且how在从句中作方式状语。how意为“如何”,that无意义。故把that改为how。] 10.He seems too tired today, and I wonder that he got a good sleep last night.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→if/whether [句意:他今天似乎太累了,我想知道他昨天晚上是否睡得好。宾语从句表示是否,动词后可用if或whether, that无意义,故把that改为if/whether。]
考点三 表语从句和同位语从句
基础点
一、表语从句
在句子中作表语的从句称为表语从句(Predicative Clause)。引导表语从句的连接词主要有:从属连词that, whether;连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等;连接副词when, where, why, how等。此外,表语从句还可用because和as if/as though等连接词引导。表语从句的连接词
从属连词在句中只起连接作用,不作成分;连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;连接副词在从句中作状语。
从属连词:that,whether 连接代词:what,who,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whosever,whichever等
连接副词:how,when,where,why等
The question is whether you can afford it.问题是你是否买得起。
Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.我们的计划是一周去那里一次。That's what he said.那就是他说的话。
Your big opportunity is right where you are now.好机会就在你眼前。
特别提醒
if不引导表语从句;that引导表语从句一般不省略。
典例1 —When choosing furniture, you only focus on function while I think more about the design.—That's ________we differ.[答案] where 句意:——在选择家具时,你只注重功能而我更注重设计。——那正是我们不同的地方。考查表语从句。where在从句中作状语。as if/as though引导的表语从句
此类表语从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,常跟在一些连系动词后面,如: seem似乎
look看起来
taste尝起来 sound听起来 feel摸起来 appear好像
It seemed as_though it had happened yesterday.那件事好像昨天发生的一样。
It looks as_if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。
特别提醒
as if/as though意为“好像,仿佛”,其引导的表语从句常位于系动词(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况,从句用虚拟语气;若从句所述的是事实或是极有可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。考生要仔细体会其中的语境差别。
I felt as_if we had_known each other for years.我感觉好像我们已经认识多年了。
She looks as_if she has_been_working hard for a long time.她看起来好像努力工作了很长时间。3 because, why也可引导表语从句
because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause。常用于以下句型: This/That is why...这/那是……的原因 This/That is because...这/那是因为……
This is why we missed the early bus.这就是我们错过了早班车的原因。That's because he is ill.那是因为他生病了。
特别提醒
当主句的主语是reason时,表语从句一般用that引导,不能用why或because,这种用法常见于以下句型:
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来晚了是因为起床晚了。
二、同位语从句 在句中作同位语的从句,称作同位语从句。同位语从句常位于下列名词之后,如: advice建议
demand要求
doubt怀疑 fact事实 hope希望 idea主意
information信息 message消息 news消息 whisper低语 order命令 problem问题 promise诺言 question问题 request请求 suggestion建议 truth事实 wish愿望 word消息 conclusion结论 thought想法
The_news_that we won the game was exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
The_suggestion_that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
I have no_idea_when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他们什么时候回来定居。2 同位语从句的引导词
(1)常用的引导词有:that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。if一般不引导同位语从句
在同位语从句中that, whether不作成分,whether表示“是否”,其他连接词具有实义,同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The_fact_that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.有一些国家仍然贫穷对整个世界来说是一个大问题。
The_question_why so many people would choose to live in the countryside is still under discussion.为什么如此之多的人愿意到乡下去居住仍然在讨论中。
典例2 I made a promise to myself________this year, my first year in high school, would be different.[答案] that 句意:我向自己保证:今年——我高中的第一年——将会是不同寻常的一年。分析句意可知,空格处引导的是同位语从句,解释说明promise的内容,并且此从句结构和意义完整,故用that引导。
(2)what也可引导同位语从句
I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.我给了这个女孩一个大洋娃娃,那正是她渴望拥有的东西。(3)分隔式同位语从句
有时同位语从句的谓语较短,而从句内容较长,这时为避免“头重脚轻”,常常将谓语部分提到从句前面,形成分隔式同位语从句。
My_wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.我要给父母买一间大房子的愿望终有一天会实现的。
典例3 The notice came around two in the afternoon________the meeting would be postponed.[答案] that 句意:下午两点左右,有人通知说会议要推迟了。分析句子结构可知,“________the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句,该从句解释说明notice的具体内容,从句不缺少成分,所以用that引导。此处谓语较短,从句较长,为避免“头重脚轻”而将从句放在了谓语部分之后,形成了分隔式同位语从句。故填that。
重难点 后边不能直接跟that从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
(√)I admire their winning the match.我羡慕他们赢了比赛。
(×)I admire that they won the match.2 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句”结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。
(√)He impressed the manager as an honest man.他给经理的印象是个诚实人。
(×)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.3 wh与whever引导名词性从句的区别
连接词what, which, who分别表示“……的东西或事情”、“哪一个”、“谁”,表示疑问含义;而whatever, whichever, whoever分别相当于anything that, any...that, anyone who意为“无论……”,强调一切情况。试比较:
What you choose to wear should be clean.你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。
Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.无论你选择穿什么,你的衣服应该是干净的。
特别提醒
如何判断是用wh还是用whever引导名词性从句?
做题时,我们要认真分析语境,看看句子要表达什么意思,如果表示任何一个人或事物,无范围可言,就用whever;如果有疑问的含义,且指的是具体的人或物,就用wh。whever和no matter wh的区别
whever既可以引导名词性从句,又可以引导让步状语从句,如:whatever, whichever, whoever等;而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句,如:no matter what, no matter where, no matter who等。
I will give this dictionary to whoever can win the first prize in the English
contest.我将把这本字典赠给在英语比赛中获得一等奖的人。(宾语从句)Whoever/No_matter_who can win the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖,我都会把这本字典给他。(让步状语从句)
[考法综述](1)对表语从句的考查通常是以引导词的选择为主,所以正确分析表语从句的结构相当重要。先确定从句的结构和意义是否完整,如果完整就用that,且that不能省略;如果不完整,确定所缺成分,然后结合句意选定答案。弄清从句中的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的也很重要。如果从句中的谓语是不及物动词,那么后面的部分是状语,再根据缺少的意思来选定答案。
(2)解答考查同位语从句的题目时,一定先要找出从句解释说明的那个名词,然后根据从句的意思和从句的结构判断从句所缺的引导词:
①从句意思和成分都完整就用that引导,此时要注意that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别。
②从句成分完整,但意思不完整,就用whether(是否),切记此时不能用if代替whether。③从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语,则应用连接代词。根据句子所要表达的意思进一步选择用哪一个连接代词。
④从句缺少地点状语、时间状语、方式状语或原因状语时,则分别用连接副词where, when, how, why。
命题法1 考查表语从句
典例1 A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.[答案] what 句意:船泊港湾固然安全,可那不是造船的初衷。but连接的并列句中that's后应为表语从句,________ ships are built for表示为什么目的而造船,what for结构与句子意思相符。
典例2 As John Lennon once said, life is that happens to you while you are busy making other plans.________________________________________________________ [答案] that→what 句意:正如约翰·列侬曾经所说,生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。此处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语,把that改为what。
【解题法】 表语从句的解题思路
(1)找出主句的动词、系动词之后,为表语从句分析从句意义和结构,利用各引导词的特点。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中,主要考查引导词。找出空前的系动词确定是表语从句,分析所填词在从句中的成分和意义。
(3)在短文改错中,主要考查引导词的错用、漏用和多余。掌握that与what的区别,以及who与whoever等词的区别。分析句子成分,结合句意。
命题法2 考查同位语从句
典例3 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.[答案] why 句意:——迈克昨天真的拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取吗?——是的,可我不知道他为什么那么做;那是他最喜欢的大学之一。设空处引导同位语从句,用于解释说明idea的内容;从句中缺少状语,根据句意此处表示原因,故用why引导。
典例4 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief what you are better than anyone else on the sports field.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→that [句意:成功达到最高水平的唯一办法是保持这样一种信念,即你比运动场上的任何一个人都好。分析句子结构可知。此处为同位语从句,而且从句结构和意义完整,所以用that。] 【解题法】 同位语从句的解题思路
(1)掌握常跟同位语从句的一些名词如suggestion, advice, hope等,了解同位语从句的功能。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中,主要是考查引导词。同位语从句的引导词that较多见,也会考到when, where等。分析主句结构,识别关键词,判断从句种类。
(3)在短文改错中,主要考查引导词的误用、漏用和多余。考生要根据主句结构挑出从句,如从句表示陈述意义,常用that引导,表疑问常用疑问词引导。
A.单句填空
1.The best moment for the football star was ________he scored the winning goal.答案 when [句意:对这个足球明星来说,进球得分的时刻是最好的时刻。when在表语从句中表时间。] 2.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is ________my mother used to tell me.答案 what [句意:“每次你吃甜东西,喝点绿茶。”这是过去妈妈经常对我说的话。分析结构可知,此处考查的是表语从句的引导词。从句缺少tell的直接宾语,用what引导。] 3.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum.I am________you have made me.答案 what [句意:——真是一团糟!你总是这么懒惰!——妈妈,别怪我。我现在这样就是你造就的呀。分析成分可知,I am后是表语从句,引导词what在从句中作made me后的宾语补足语,相当于the one that,即I am the one that you have made me。类似例子还有:He is no longer what(=the one that)he used to be。] 4.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's________I was born.” 答案 where [句意:奶奶指着那个医院说:“那就是我出生的地方。”此处考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句。] 5.Courage is a kind of quality ——and that's ________it takes to face the
challenges in life.答案 what [句意:勇气是一种好品质,那就是面对生活中挑战所需要的品质。that's 后为表语从句,而且引导词作从句中takes的宾语。故应填what。] 6.Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ________makes a difference.答案 what [句意:面对困难,你应该相信你的自信会起很大作用。make a difference意为“起作用,有影响”;本句中“________makes a difference”是表语从句,因为从句缺主语,故用what。] 7.Don't be sad.The most important thing is ________we must learn from our mistakes and move on.答案 that [句意:不要难过,最重要的是我们必须从错误中吸取教训,并继续前进。表语从句不缺任何成分,故填that。] 8.I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes anything.答案 why [句意:我觉得他说得多做得少,这就是他从来没有完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知,此处which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子的内容;在定语从句中,空处引导表语从句,再结合句意可知应填why。] 9.The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________humans want peace, not war.答案 that [句意:《拯救大兵瑞恩》传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。此处为表语从句,从句不缺少成分,所以用that引导。] B.单句改错
1.From space, the earth looks blue.This is why about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→because [句意:从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约有71%的区域被水覆盖。分析句子结构可知,此处为表语从句,表示原因,故用because。because后加原因,why后加结果。因此把why改为because。] 2.Evidence has been found through years of study why children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意:通过数年的研究,儿童早期睡眠问题长大后有可能继续的证据已经被找到了。分析句子结构可知,空格后面的部分是解释说明evidence的内容,是evidence的同位语从句,引导词在从句中不作任何成分,故把why改为that。] 3.Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is what she expects to be successful all the time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意:如果能称之为问题的话,她唯一的问题是她一直想成功。引导表语从句,从句中不缺少任何成分,故用that引导。] 4.The problem is what we can improve our reading skill in such a short time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意:问题是我们如何在这么短的时间内提高我们的阅读技能。分析句子成分并结合句意可知,这里需要用连接副词how来引导表语从句。] 5.There is still some doubt that the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意:即使所有的因素都考虑了,系统是否会运转仍有些疑问。whether引导同位语从句,作doubt的同位语,whether表示“是否”。] 6.People all over the world have a dream whether they will always live a peaceful life.________________________________________________________ 答案 whether→that [句意:全世界的人民都有一个梦想,即永远过着和平的生活。此处为同位语从句,解释名词dream的内容,因为从句中不缺少成分且意义完整,所以用that引导。] 7.The expert's argument what the increasing number of cars is the main cause of the rising PM 2.5 readings has got much support from the public.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意:这个专家的争论已经得到了来自公众的大力支持,争论围绕汽车数量的增加是PM2.5值上升的主要原因。此处为同位语从句,解释说明argument的内容,因从句不缺少成分,且句意完整,所以使用that引导。]
易错题一:名词性从句中连接词的误用
[例1] ________ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.[错解] It/That/Who [错因分析] 此处缺少主语,因此考生容易误用It, That, Who, Which等。[答案] What [心得体会]
[例2] I have no idea ________ he will come here or not this afternoon, for he is very busy at the present time.[错解] which/that/if [错因分析] 该题貌似定语从句,考生易误填which/that。此外,一些考生也许一看到后面的“or not”容易误填if。根据语意可知,idea后面接一个同位语从句,该从句是
对idea的解释说明,且由后面的“or not”可知应用whether。if不能引导同位语从句。
[答案] whether [心得体会]
易错题二:漏用关系词
[例] She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood ________ ________ he said meant.[错解] that;what [错因分析] 许多同学一看便判断出understood后为宾语从句,第一空误填that;第二个空认为said后缺宾语,填what。
[答案] what;what [心得体会]
易错题三:名词性从句中用it作形式主语或宾语
[例] ________has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to
protect you against serious illnesses in later life.[错解] What [错因分析] 考生误认为此空引导主语从句,缺少主语,误填What。[答案] It [心得体会]
第二篇:2017高考英语——名词性从句
2017年高考题
【2017·北京】23.Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever 【答案】B 代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除AD,因为需要做主语,只能用主格代词who,故选B。考点:考查连词。【名师点睛】
主语从句 Subject Clauses(在主语的位置上)1.从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that„ Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference. It is known to us that he is a famous singer. It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本题中,whatever引导主语从句,同时作do的宾语。2.wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别
区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思;wh-ever有肯定强调的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like. wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换,但在引导状语从句时可以替换 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he„„
【2017·北京】26.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.A.why B.where C.how D.when 【答案】B 试题分析:A.why 为什么 B.where 在哪 C.how 如何 D.when什么时候。句意:Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上,不知道她将去往何方,根据语境可知此处是表地点的,很容易就可选出答案B。考点:考查连词。
【2017·江苏】26.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.A.that 【答案】C 【解析】
B.which
C.what
D.how
【名师点睛】
这里容易误判为定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构,需要注意的是,half of后面的价格是以前的价格。如果是定语从句,那么half of后面的价格则是$20的一半,即$10,再结合“down to”可知,原来的价格
高于$20,因此不是定语从句。
介词of后跟宾语,因此这里是宾语从句,通过分析句子成分可知,宾语从句缺少宾语,因此用what引导。
宾语从句
1.动词后的宾语从句 1)that引导的宾语从句
后常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice9 0rder, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish 等
2)wh-,if引导的宾语从句
后常接wh-,if引导的宾语从句的动词有advise,ask,discuss,doubt,find out,imagine,inform,1nquire, know, question, tell, understand, wonder,出scover等。3)“动词十间接宾语+宾语从句”
常使用此类结构的动词有advise,ask,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn,assure等。
4)“动词+it十形容词/名词+that从句”
常见的后接it作形式宾语的动词有find,feel,think,believe,make,consider等。5)it作形式宾语的特殊句型
常见的有:see to it that...;hate it that...;owe it to sb.that...;take it for granted that.2.形容词后宾语从句
后常接宾语从句的形容词有:anxious,aware,certain,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, content, proud, annoyed, convinced,confident等。
3.介词后宾语从句
后常接宾语从句的介词有on,about,in,but,except等。4.宾语从句需要注意的问题
1)当主句是一般现在时或者一般将来时时,宾语从句可根据句子意思选择用所需要的时态。2)当主句是一般过去时时,宾语从句必须用相应的过去时态。
3)但是当宾语从句表达的是普遍真理或客观规律时,宾语从句时态不受主句时态限制而用一般现在时。4)当主句谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等,宾语从句的意义是否定时,not要转移到主句中;但当从句有否定意义的never,.seldom,hardly,scarcely等词时,否定词不转移。5)主句中谓语是think,believe,suppose,ex》ect,imagine,guess等,同时,wh-连词引导的表示疑问的宾语从句,应将连词wh-置于主句前面,主句若是疑问语序,从句语序不变。例 如:When do you think he will come back? Do you think when he will come back?(错句)
6)当主句动词是wish时,从句的时态要用虚拟语气;当主句的动词是suggest,demand,require等词时,从句要用可省略should的虚拟语气。
7)if常可代替whether,但是当从句作介词宾语时,只能用whether。
8)引导宾语从句的that常可省略,但是当两个that从句由and或or连接时,第二个从句的that不能省略。考点:宾语从句
【2017·天津】4.She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.A.when B.where C.whether D.what 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:句意:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候;B.在哪里;C是否;D.什么。根据句意,故选C 考点:考查宾语从句。
【名师点睛】本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的确定,首先确定连词的词义,然后根据句意判断出正确的连词,本句的句意很明显,确定为是否。
2016年高考题
1.【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A.However 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语,“________ you can do”是主语部分,即主语从句,在主语从句中,do后缺少宾语,表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引导,故选C。考点:考查主语从句 【名师点睛】
主语从句 Subject Clauses(在主语的位置上)1.从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that„ Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference. It is known to us that he is a famous singer. It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本题中,whatever引导主语从句,同时作do的宾语。2.wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Wherever 区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思;wh-ever有肯定强调的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like. wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换,但在引导状语从句时可以替换 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he„„
2.【2016·北京】29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A.what 【答案】B 【解析】 B.that
C.whether
D.why
考点:考查表语从句 【名师点睛】
表语从句 Predictive Clauses(在be动词 后)
1.从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是wh-的特殊疑问词。The fact is that she never liked him.The question is whether the movie is worth seeing.The question is who can complete the difficult task. This/That/It is because „
I think it is because you are doing too much. The reason why„is that„
The reason why the play is successful is that it appeals to many different people.2.只能用whether 的情况
* 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中 * 在介词后的宾语从句中 It all depends on whether they will support us.* 在不定式之前
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.* 从句中有or not时
He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.3.【2016·江苏】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why 【答案】D 【解析】 B.what
C.as
D.that
【名师点睛】
that 引导主语从句:由连词that引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下被放到句子的后面,用it 作形式主语来代替它的位置。常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句的句型有三种。1.It + be + 形容词+that从句
适用于这种句型的常见形容词有:necessary,clear,true,strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,obvious,surprising etc。
1)It’s clear that they badly need help。很明显,他们急需援助。
2)It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last.最终我们能完成这项工程是有可能的。
表语为 necessary,clear,true,strange, important, wonderful,possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容词时,谓语动词的形式一般为“should + 动词原形”
3)It is necessary that you(should)master the computer.你很有必要掌握电脑。
4)It is strange that he should have killed himself.真奇怪,他竟然自杀了 2.It +be +名词词组+ that从句
常用于这种句型的名词词组有:a fact,a good idea,a pity,an hour,a shame,no wonder,good news etc.1)It’s a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
2)―Tom has a bad cold.汤姆患了重感冒。
―It is no wonder that he looks pale.――难怪他看起来脸色苍白。
3)It is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen.他竟然偷钢笔,真是太丢脸了。shame 所用的句中要用虚拟语气。3.It + be+ 过去分词+ that从句
常有的过去分词有:said,reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。
1)It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
2)It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades.据报道这两个国家就贸易问题达成协议。
过去分词表示:建议,命令,愿望如suggested,ordered,requested等词时,从句需用虚拟语气。动 词形式为:should + 原型。
1)It is requested that Mr.Wang(should)give a performance.有人请求王先生表演一个节目。
2)It is suggested that we should discuss the problem.有人建议我们应该讨论一下这个问题。考点:考查主语从句
4.【2016·天津】11.The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.that C.which D.what 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion 的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that不作成分,只是起着连接的作用。故选 B。
考点:考查同位语从句。
【名师点睛】解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构,知道引导词的使用习惯。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分,来选择正确的引导词。连接同位语从句的连词主要有that, if, whether,和疑问词(what how where when...)。that引导表示陈述句的同位语从句,if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的同位语从句。判断是否是同位语从句,还可以用同位词+is+同位语从句,如果可以讲的通,一般就是同位语从句,例如这题中,可以改成The suggestion is that we should have an assistant.2015年高考题
1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A.what 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that
C.where
D.who
【考点定位】考查宾语从句。
【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键,这个句子是由know引导的宾语从句,宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词。因为从句部分缺少状语成分,答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文(you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.)的表达。2.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.A.that 【答案】A 【解析】 B.where
C.what
D.why
【考点定位】考查名词性从句。
【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种,宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的,要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分,它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时,这个句子就称之为宾语从句。一般情况下,宾语从句可作谓语 的宾语,也可做主语的宾语。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。
3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.A.what 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语,表语从句中的for后缺少宾语,用what引导,what与for连用,表示目的。故选A。【考点定位】考查名词性从句
【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句。表语从句是名词性从句的一种,名词性从句还包括主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。可以根据从句在句子中充当的成分来判断名词性从句的类型。isn’t后跟一个从句作表语,what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语;why和when作状语。介词for后缺少宾语,因此用what。4.【2015·浙江】6.If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.A.what
B.who
C.that D.whoever B.whom
C.why
D.when 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,请确定查看水面下有什么?通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。此处的what指代的是树枝或石头,B选项和D选项用于指人,that 只有语法意义。句式上,该句用了(If 从句,祈使句)的句式,非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现,空格所做的成分是主语。根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头,可以得出答案是what.【考点定位】考查宾语从句的连接词
【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键,这个句子是由investigate引导的宾语从句,因为从句部分is 前面缺少成分,答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文(Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.)的表达。
5.【2015·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.A.when B.how 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:句意:我们必须弄明白什么时候来,因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。
C.where D.why 根据句意选when。【考点定位】考查宾语从句。
【名师点睛】 宾语从句连接词的考查,宾语从句一共分为三类,一由that引导的宾语从句;二是由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,who,how引导的宾语从句,这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句充当某个成分。三由if或whether引导宾语从句。首先要根据句子结构来确实是哪一类,再根据具体的信息来确实用哪一个,是否符合当时的语境。
6.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which 【答案】B 【解析】
【考点定位】考查宾语从句
【名师点睛】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。通常情况下,宾语从句如果是由陈述句变来时用that引导;如果由一般疑问句变来则用whether/if;而由特殊疑问句变来则用特殊疑问词。通过四个选项,排除1、2两种情况。而特殊疑问词的选择则要求对句子的结构内容有着全盘的掌握。此句中,主语、宾语、定语并不缺少,故选项C、D是错误的,再根据句意,只有B最为恰当。
7.【2015·陕西】19.Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A.what B.that C.why D.how 【答案】A 【解析】
【考点定位】考查宾语从句
【名师点睛】宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句,再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义,来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。
8.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.A.where 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:考查宾语从句。句中I是主语,wonder是谓语,how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的,所以是针对方式题提问的,故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。--通过每天锻炼。故选C 【考点定位】考查宾语从句
【名师点睛】宾语从句算是高考中一个比较简单的考点,引导词主要的选择方法是看宾语从句的引导词在主句中做什么成分,不同的引导词表达的意思也不相同。通常宾语从句的前面会有一个及物动词,及物动词后面可以直接接上宾语,但是也要结合具体情况进行具体分析。
9.【2015·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.A.That B.Why C.Where D.How 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:句意:李白是中国一位伟大的诗人,他的出生地是众所周知的,但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知,a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语,is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意,where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。【考点定位】名词性从句
【名师点睛】此题由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入,句子结构变得稍显复杂,因此要求考生能够排除结构干扰,看清考点还是考查名词性从句连接词的选择,然后根据“从句部分缺什么补什么的原则选则连接词”这一根本原则,同时结合句意,迅速锁定正确答案。
10.【2015·北京】35._____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A.Where B.How C.Why D.When 【答案】B 【解析】 B.how
C.why
D.If
【考点定位】主语从句。
【名师点睛】主语从句分多种,解题时要分析原题空中缺少的是何种状语。这类题考生首先要利用主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判别,尤其是连词在从句中的功能,由于引导主语从句的连词功能有所分别,较为容易抉择,但有的连词的形式一样,但具有不同意思,这就需要考生仔细甄别,充分利用与之相关内容或与其搭配相关词语的意思。
2014年高考英语分项解析精编版
专题10名词性从句
1.【2014·全国大纲卷】24.Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:考查主语从句的连接词。句意:准确的说,土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定,但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。考点:考查主语从句的连接词。
【名师点睛】从句分多种,主语从句在考试中也是很常见的,要注意主语是句子的一个重要成分,它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当主语时,这个句子就称之为主语从句。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。从而来选出合适的连接词。
2.【2014·重庆卷】12.---Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?---Yeah, but I have no idea _______ he did it;that’s one of his favorite universities.A.when B.why C.that D.how 【答案】B 【解析】
项。故本题选择B项。why表示“原因”。考点:考查同位语从句的用法。【名师点睛】 一般来说,在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有:advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息), problem, question, doubt, thought等。本题中的idea可以跟同位语从句的名词,做好此类题先分析从句的成分,然后再选择适当的连接词。
3.【2014·北京卷】Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever C.wherever 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:本题考查宾语从句,考查方式为连接词。句意:有些人认为以前或现在正在发生的事情将来还会重复发生。根据题干信息,“过去发生或现在正发生的事情,将来仍然会重复”,宾语从句中缺少主语,并且指的是事件,所以选用A。考点:考查宾语从句的用法
【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种,宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的,要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分,它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时,这个句子就称之为宾语从句。一般情况下,宾语从句可作谓语 的宾语,也可做主语的宾语。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。
4.【2014·北京卷】30.The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A.where C.how 【答案】B 【解析】
B.when B.whenever.D.however
D.why
考点:考查表语从句的连接词
【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句的用法,表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。表语从句是名词性从句的一种。表语从句的基本结构是“主语+ 连系动词+ 关联词+ 表语从句”。做此类题时应该分析句子成分,指出主语谓语,看缺少何种成分。
5.【2014·天津卷】14.I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A.what B.that C.which D.who 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:考查主语从句。句意:我认为关于他的画给我印象最深的是他使用的颜色。在主语从句中what做主语,指代物;that 只起连接作用,不做句子成分;which哪一个;who做主语,指代人;本从句中缺少主语,根据语境可知,物做主语。所以选A。考点:考查主语从句。
【名师点睛】本题考查学生对主语从句的掌握情况。主语从句是在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语。所以做此类题时看题中是否缺少成分,在选择连接词。
6.【2014·山东卷】7.It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.A.where B.what C.which D.why 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:imagine后需要一个宾语,“life was like„”做imagine的宾语需要一个不做句子成分的引导词,同时这个句子中like缺少宾语,所以空格处缺少一个兼词what。句意为:很难想象古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。故答案选B。考点:考查宾语从句的用法。
【名师点睛】本题考查学生对宾语从句的掌握情况,宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.What, whatever,引导名词性从句,且在名词性从句中作主语,宾语,表语,做题时看句子中是否缺少成分。然后判断出答案。7.【2014·江西卷】28.Among the many dangers_--sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A.which B.what C.where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】
考点:考查定语从句
【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句中which的用法,which所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等也就是说做题时要注意句子中是否缺少主语。宾语等成分,然后判断关系代词,学生要注意分析定语从句在不同情况下的应用,才能面对更多的题型。
8.【2014·四川卷】2.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.” A.when
B.how
C.why
D.where 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析: A何时;B谁;C为什么;D哪儿。系动词is后是表语从句,四个选项均为连接副词,故判断缺少状语,根据题干中给出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知“奶奶”说的是出生的地点,故答案选D。句意:奶奶指着医院说,“那就是我出生的地方。” 考点:考查表语从句的用法。
【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句的用法,表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。表语从句是名词性从句的一种。表语从句的基本结构是“主语+ 连系动词+ 关联词+ 表语从句”。做此类题时应该分析句子成分,指出主语谓语,看缺少何种成分。
9.【2014·福建卷】34.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing you're afraid to do.A.that B.what C.how D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】
【知识拓展】
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether,和疑问词(what,how,where,when...)。
考点:考查宾语从句。
【名师点睛】本题考查学生对宾语从句的掌握情况,宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.What引导名词性从句,且在名词性从句中作主语,宾语,表语,做题时看句子中是否缺少成分。学生必须仔细斟酌句子成分,然后再作判断。
10.【2014·江苏卷】26.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame, mum.I am ________ you have made me.A.how 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句用法。本题考查的是表语从句,注意动词make后接双宾语,即make sb.sth.故用关系词what来引导。句意:——怎么这么乱啊!你总是这么懒!——我不应该受到责备,妈妈。我是你使得我这样的。故B正确。考点:考名词性从句用法
【名师点睛】本题考查考生对名词性从句的掌握情况,做名词性从句的题时,先划分句子结构,找出从句是什么,然后看主句完整不完整,如果主句不完整,就是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句三者之一;如果主句完整,就是同位语从句。这里就是一个表语从句,从句子成分中分析出正确答案。
11.【2014·陕西卷】15.________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A.Why 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析:考查主语从句。句意:被延误的航班何时起飞依天气而定。题干中主句的谓语动词为depends,为此前面是主语从句。Why在主语从句中做原因状语;when在主语从句中作时间状语;that在主语从句中不做任何成分;what在主语从句中作主语或宾语。根据语境判断主语从句中缺少时间状语,故选B.When
C.That
D.What B.what
C.that
D.who B。
考点:考查主语从句
【名师点睛】本题考查考生对主语从句,主语从句是在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。本题 when在主语从句中作时间状语,所以做此类题时看题中是否缺少成分,再选择连接词。
12.【2014·湖南卷】24.As John Lennon once said,life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A.which 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that C.what
D.where
考点:考查名词性从句用法
【名师点睛】本题考查考生对名词性从句的掌握情况,定语从句作用相当于形容词,修饰主句中的一个名词或代词或整个句子,同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释,说明该名词的具体内容的句子。本题中说的那个 “句子中宾语或主语用一个句子来代替就是该种从句”用一个句子来代替宾语或主语,那就属于主语从句或宾语性从句了。所以做题时仔细分析题干,才能更好地做好题。
13.【2014·浙江卷】8.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me.A.what
B.how
C.that
D.whether 【答案】A 【解析】
【知识拓展】这四个词在引导表语从句的区别:what引导的表语从句,它在从句中作主语或宾语;how引导的表语从句,它在从句中作状语;that引导的表语从句,它在从句不做成分,没有词义;whether引导的表语从句,它在从句中作主语或宾语不做成分,但是有“是否”的含义。考点:考查表语从句。
【名师点睛】本题考查考生对表语从句的掌握情况,表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。
表语从句由关联词+简单句构成。表语从句就是一个句子在整个句子中处于表语的位置,通常情况下放在系动词之后。英语中的系动词不多,放在系动词后面的句子、单词、词组通常作的是表语。最常见的系动词是be动词。所以做题时仔细分析题干,才能更好地做好题。
2013年高考英语试题分类汇编之单项填空
专题10—名词性从句
1.【2013浙江】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A.how B.that C.which D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句。此处是由that引导的同位语从句,指代belief的具体内容,同时从句中不缺少成分,所以用that引导,这里选B项。
【名师点睛】同位语从句和定语从句不一样,同位语从句是对同位词内容的说明不是修饰,同位语从句的that不能省略。定语从句引导词that在从句中做成分,做宾语的时候可以省略。注意二者的区别。2.________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A.When B.How C.What D.That 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句。此处you said 需要宾语。describes a bright future for the company需要主语,只有what能满足要求。句意:你会上所说的话是对公司发展前景的一个很好的描述。
【名师点睛】考查名词性从句的连接词要学会分析句子成分。如果主语从句缺少主宾表,用what连接主语从句,如果不缺成分,用that连接,引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分,只起到连接的作用。3.It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.A.that B.which C.what D.Whether 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语,所填词引导的从句作真正的主语,引导词在从句中不作成分,但其意思是:是否,用whether引导,故选D。句意:新成立的委员会的政策是否能够付诸实施还有待观察。
【名师点睛】主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。根据句意可知需要whether,而且It remains to be seen whether可以当成固定句型记忆。
4.________struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.A.That B.It C.What D.Which 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句。________ struck me most 是主语从句,在这个从句中缺主语,因此用what引导。
【名师点睛】看到名词性从句的题目首先判断是什么名词性从句。其次看从句的成分。如果从句缺少主宾表,用what连接,如果不缺成分,用that连接,引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分,只起到连接的作用,学生要会分析句子成分。
5.Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A.which 【答案】D 【解析】 B.where
C.how
D.what 的数量,故选D。句意:警察已经找到了好像是失踪的古代雕像的东西。
【名师点睛】看到名词性从句的题目首先判断是什么名词性从句。其次看看从句的成分。根据found可知后面是宾语从句。宾语从句缺少主语,用what连接,如果不缺成分,用that连接,只起到连接的作用,不做成分。
6.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.A.how B.that
C.which
D.where 【答案】A 【解析】
【名师点睛】解答名词性从句的题目首先判断是什么名词性从句。其次看看从句的成分。根据tell可知后面是宾语从句。宾语从句中形容词close前面缺少修饰语。用how对它进行修饰。
7.It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.A.what B.whose C.which D.that 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句。句中的it是形式主语,________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away是真正的主语,用引导词that。句意:非常高兴知道,我们不在的时候这些狗会被照顾得很好。【名师点睛】主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分,只起到连接的作用。
8.________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A.That B.Which C.Whether D.What 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句中主语从句连接词的用法。分析句子结构知,此句的谓语是is,其前是主语从句,从句中谓语动词want后缺宾语,故用what引导名词性从句。句意:我想告诉你的是我对我父母的深深的爱和尊敬。
【名师点睛】如果主语从句缺少主宾表,用what连接主语从句,如果不缺成分,用that连接,引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分,只起到连接的作用,学生要会分析句子成分。表语从句也是这样。9.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.A.why B.how C.because D.whether 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:考查表语从句。语境中“地球表面约71%被水覆盖”和“从太空上看,地球是蓝色的”之间是因果关系,故用because引导表语从句。
【名师点睛】连接表语从句的连接词有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等。还有如because, as if, as though等。解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义,来选择正确的引导词。10.________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A.That B.What C.Who D.Which 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句的连接词。is之前为主语从句,该从句缺主语,指的是事物,所以选B。【名师点睛】主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义,来选择正确的引导词。连接主语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether,和疑问词(what how where when...)。that引导表示陈述句的主语从句,if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”,引导一般疑问句。连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等.11.Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.A.why B.where C.that D.what 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句的连接词。believe后的宾语从句陈述的是一个事实,并且从句中不缺成分,所以只需填入关系词that即可。
【名师点睛】宾语从句属于名词性从句一种,宾语从句中的连接词that, whether, if在句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用;连接代词who(ever), which(ever), whom(ever),whose(ever),what(ever)在句中做主语,宾语,表语和定语;连接副词when, why, where, how,在句中做状语。应从上下句的句法关系着手分析,同时注意宾语从句的语序问题。
第三篇:名词性从句一轮复习教学设计
一轮复习名词性从句教学设计
肇州县第二中学 李雪松
学情分析:
教学对象为高中三年级学生。经过两年的磨合师生配合完美,学生完全适应教师的教学方法。不过,所教授学生的英语水平参差不齐,因此在教学过程中,布置的任务要兼顾各个层次的学生,使他们都有所收获。根据这些特点紧密结合高考重点,主要采用启发诱导的方法,从易到难,从整体到细节地精心设计教学活动,给学生展示自我,表现自我的机会,激发学生的学习兴趣,让学生体验成功。设计理念:
这是名词性从句语法课的第一次系统的复习,尽管之前在课本中已经让学生对名词性从句有了很多的理解,我这次要做的是把枯燥的语法知识与现实热门话题联系在一起,起到寓教于乐的作用的同时让学生理解语法是可以很生动的。学习目标:
1.知识与技能:学生们能够认识什么是名词性从句,了解它的位置及句型结构,并能掌握运用名词性从句。
2.过程与方法:从简单句与名词性从句的对比引入该主题;由引导词逐渐增加的顺序由浅入深,激发兴趣并一直有新的收获,通过一些简单的名词性从句让学生们自己找规律,总结出句型特点及用法。最后,通过各种不同题型的训练熟练掌握该句型。
3.情感与价值观:首先通过热门话题《running man》提升学生兴趣,用一些积极向上的例句激发学生情感;因为授课时恰逢感恩节,最后让学生用所学的名词性从句写出关于感恩的短文。重点
如何区别名词性从句
如何区别定语从句和同位语从句 难点
运用名词性从句相关知识进行解题 教学过程
Step1.通过四句话由学生讨论什么叫“名词性从句” 1.His job is important.What he does is important.2.This is his job.This is what he does every day.3.I don’t like his job.I don’t like what he does every day.4.I don’t know about the man, Mr.White.I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.Step2.名词性从句的分类
I.主语从句:句子的主语部分由一句话构成 You missed Running Man is a pity.(×)That you missed Running Man is a pity.It is a pity that you missed Running Man.学生总结that用法
Did he lie?
他是否说谎了还不清楚。Did he lie is not clear.(×)
Whether did he lie is not clear.(×)Wheher he lied is not clear.It is not clear whether he lied.学生总结whether用法
When did he leave?
他什么时候离开的还没有人知道。When did he leave remains unknown.(×)When he left remains unknown.It remains unknown when he left.学生总结特殊疑问词引导名词性从句的用法,并用不同连接词造句。
Practice time:
_____ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.Whoever comes is welcome.Who is on duty today is unknown.II.表语从句:
The pity is that you missed Running Man.My concern is whether he lied.The point is when he left.学生总结:句子充当表语,规则同主语从句 其他连接词:11词+as if/though, because
This/ That/ It is because...look/ seem/ sound as if...It looks as if it is going to rain.That is because he was late.Practice time:
___ makes mother surprised is ___ Jack was fooled by such a simple trick.III.同位语从句:用一句话跟在一个名词后面,对其进行解释说明。如在: fact, news, belief, truth, idea„等词后 把单句连成同位语从句
We all know the fact.John broke the cup. I have a doubt.Will he help us? I have no idea.What are you talking about? Practice time:
The suggestion ______he raised at the meeting is very good.The suggestion ____ the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.定语从句:一句话跟在名词或代词后面,对名词进行修饰限定。1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.学生总结同位语从句和定语从句的区别 IV宾语从句:
1.陈述句用that引导,第一个that可省略
I know(that)you have passd the exam and that you are going to celebrate.2.一般疑问句用whether和if引导 I wonder whether/ if he needs my help.只用whether
介词后的宾语从句
We are talking about whether we can have a holiday.whether or not句式
I don't know whether we should go abroad or not.3.疑问句做宾语从句 I don't know how far I can run without stopping.考点1.宾语从句后置,it作形式宾语(后有补语)I think that we can get there before two o'clock impossible.I think it impossible that...考点2.否定前移
I think you are not right.→I don't think...考点3.时态:主过从过 Practice time: correction He asked whether his father will come back.He said that he has seen it.The teacher said that the earth travels aroud the sun.Exercises 1._____made the school proud was ____more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.2._____she could not understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.3.He is absent from school.It is _______ he is seriously ill.4.The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.5.I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.6.Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.7.Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.8.Never stop doing _________ you are fond of.9.–Many online games are full of violence, which do harm to the development of the children.--And that’s _______ my concern lies.10.The children are talking about ______should be the leader of the group.判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句
1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2.The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.4.I can't stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.Extend: What we always forget is that happiness doesn't come as a result of getting what we don't have, but appreciating what we do have.Remember the fact that to live gratefully is to touch the Heaven.Homework: 时近感恩节,用名词性从句写一篇关于感恩节的短文。人们庆祝感恩节的原因是.....作为子女(作为学生、作为社会个体),我会做我能做的事情是......让...感到...是非常重要的。我们相信世界上有一部分最幸福的人就是那些给别人带来快乐的人。
反思:通过这节课的学习,学生初步掌握了名词性从句的概念,知道不同从句的区分;能够分辨在使用名词性从句时候的一些区别。最值得高兴的是:这些概念和区别是他们自己通过老师的展示和与同学的讨论自己总结出来的。
本节课的不足之处在于:在本课的小组活动,合作探究重点和难点这一环节中,可以适当多给学生们一些时间,这样他们的讨论会更深入些;还有就是由于时间的关系,最后的部分略显匆忙,而且没有一直让学生在讲完一个从句就造句的设想。
第四篇:高考英语一轮复习冠词教学案
第一部分 语法知识及运用
专题1 冠词 考纲展示 命题探究
考点一 冠词的基本用法
基础点 不定冠词的基本用法
(1)不定冠词有a和an两种形式,常位于名词或名词的修饰语前。当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素(注意:不是辅音字母)时,用a;而当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第..........一个音素为元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)时,用an。..........a university student 一个大学生 a European writer 一位欧洲作家 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 an ugly man 一个丑陋的人
(2)泛指某个或某类人或物,或者未提到的,对方不熟悉的人或物。I was born in a small village in Hebei Province.我出生在河北的一个小村庄。
(3)用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前,表泛指。
At that time, I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.那时,我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。(4)表示“一”“每一”“同一”或“某一”概念。I will return in a day or two.(=one)我将在一两天后返回。
The car can run 200 kilometres an hour.(=per)这种车每小时能行驶200公里。They are of an age.(=the same)他们年龄相同。
A Mr Smith is waiting for you.(=a certain)一个叫史密斯的先生在等你。2 定冠词的基本用法
(1)用于上文已经提到过的,或从语境中可判断出谈话双方都知道的人或物前。
He bought a house.I've been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。Take the medicine.把药吃了。
(2)用于单数可数名词或形容词及分词前,表“一类人或物”。Who invented the_telephone? 谁发明了电话?
After the explosion, people rushed to help the_injured.爆炸发生后,人们赶到现场帮助受伤的人。
(3)用于序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等前面。Is this the_first_time you have visited Beijing? 这是你第一次游览北京吗?
He runs the_fastest in his class.他是他班跑得最快的。
That's the_very_thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。
特别提醒
(1)副词的最高级前the可有可无。He runs(the)fastest in his school.他是全校中跑得最快的。
(2)序数词前面也可用不定冠词,但意义与用定冠词不同。I have failed twice, but I'll try a third time.我失败两次了,但我还要再试一次。(强调再一次)March is the third month of a year.三月是一年的第三个月。(强调次序)(4)用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。The_Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。
(5)用于宇宙中独一无二的事物、西洋乐器名词和方位名词前。the moon月亮
play the piano 弹钢琴 the west 西部
(6)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前,或用于整十的数词复数前,表示某个年代。the Ming Dynasty 明朝
in the 1990s或1990's 在20世纪90年代
特别提醒
表示“某人……岁”时,则用“in+one's+整十的数词复数”。in his fifties 在他50多岁时
(7)用在表度量单位的名词前,表示“按……计算”。
by the hour 按小时 by the day 按天
特别提醒
如size, weight, time这类名词与by连用时不用冠词。by size 按大小 by weight 按重量
(8)用于固定结构“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”中。hit sb.on the head 打某人的头 take sb.by the arm 抓某人的胳膊 3 零冠词的基本用法
(1)用于不可数名词、复数名词或专有名词前表示泛指,用零冠词。Man needs air_and_water.人类需要空气和水。They are teachers.他们是老师。Beijing 北京
特别提醒
高考中常见的纯不可数名词,它们是:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word(=news), progress, information, luck, wealth(财产)等。以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。
(2)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词,及球类、棋类和学科名词前。
in spring 在春天 on Sunday 在周日 have breakfast 吃早餐 play football 踢足球 play chess 下棋
I'm very interested in English.我对英语很感兴趣。
(3)名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代词、形容词性物主代词、限定词以及名词所有格等限定时不再用冠词。
She is not my type of woman.她不是我心目中的那类女人。
His heart was beating wildly with fear.他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。
(4)表示独一无二的头衔和职位名词作表语、补足语或同位语时。Mr Smith was elected president of our school.史密斯先生被选为我校校长。
重难点 不定冠词的特殊位置
(1)如果名词前用了many, such等具有限定意义的词和表示感叹的what等词,a(an)必须放在这些词后面,语序为:many/such/what a(an)...I have never seen such_an interesting film.我从来没看过这么有趣的电影。What_a clever boy he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊!
(2)副词quite和rather同形容词连用修饰名词时,quite要置于不定冠词a/an之前,rather可置于不定冠词a/an之前,也可置于其后。
It's quite_a small house.这是一所相当小的房子。
That's rather_a/a_rather sudden change.那一变化相当突然。
(3)当单数可数名词之前的形容词有so, too, as, how等副词修饰时,a(an)必须放在形容词之后,词序为:so/too/as/how/...+形容词+a(an)...She is so_good_a_girl that all the people like her.她是如此好的女孩,所有人都喜欢她。2 定冠词的特殊位置
在名词词组中,定冠词一般放在最前面,但名词词组中如果有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both等修饰语,定冠词要放在这些词后面。
exactly_the same color 完全相同的颜色 just_the right place 就是这个地方 half_the story 故事的一半 double_the amount 双倍的量 3 零冠词的特殊用法
(1)turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。但名词前若有形容词作定语时,则必须加冠词。
His brother has turned_writer.他弟弟已成为一名作家。
Later she turned_a_successful_singer.后来她成了一名成功的歌手。
(2)在“表示类型的名词+of...”这一结构中of后的可数名词单数前不用冠词。This_kind_of_question often appears in the exam.此类问题在考试中经常出现。
(3)“零冠词+可数名词单数+as/though+主语+谓语+主句”意为“尽管/虽然……但是……”。
Hero_as_he_is,_he has some shortcomings.尽管他是个英雄,但是他也有一些缺点。
(4)用在独立主格结构中的某一形式中。
The teacher came in, book_in_hand(=with a book in his hand). 老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。
(5)与by连用的表示交通工具和通讯工具的名词之前不用冠词。It's quicker by_air than by_sea.乘飞机比乘船快。
[考法综述] 冠词的基本用法,尤其是冠词的泛指和特指在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及,近五年就考查了48次之多,由此可见其重要性。
命题法1 考查冠词的泛指和特指
典例1 I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.[答案] the;a 句意:我不能告诉你去威尔逊家的路,因为我们村里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。第一空特指去威尔逊家的路,故填the;第二空为泛指“一个叫威尔逊的人”,故填a。
典例2 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.________________________________________________________ [答案] average前的a改为an average以元音音素/æ/开头,故用an。
【解题法】 冠词表泛指和特指时的必备知识和一般解题思路
(1)首先要了解冠词的泛指和特指:不定冠词用在首次提到的或不限定的单数可数名词前表泛指;定冠词用在上文提到的人或物前,或是被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前,也可指双方所默认的特定的人或物的名词前表特指。
(2)在语法填空中,考查冠词时是不给提示词的,因而可先从形式上去判断,然后观察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语,因为冠词唯一的作用就是用来修饰名词的。
(3)在短文改错中,当名词前有不定冠词时,要格外注意使用a还是an,以其后所跟单词的开头音素而不是其开头字母为依据。因此在平时学习中,务必要注意掌握单词的发音。
命题法2 考查冠词与一些特定词的基本用法
典例3 The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.[答案] the 句意:由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至受到了(当今世界上)最前卫的建筑师和工程师的青睐。根据句意和空后的最高级标志词most可知此处表示“最……的”,故填the。
典例4 Tomorrow is first day of school.________________________________________________________ [答案] first前加the 序数词通常和定冠词the搭配。
【解题法】 冠词与特定词搭配时的必备知识和一般解题思路
(1)通常情况下,形容词比较级前不用冠词;形容词最高级、序数词及表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前用定冠词the。
(2)在语法填空中,考查冠词时是不给提示词的,因而可以从形式上判断,然后观察空格后部分是否是形容词最高级、序数词或表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词。
(3)在短文改错中,常考查冠词的错用和漏用,形容词比较级前常不用冠词;形容词最高级,序数词及表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前常用定冠词the。
A.单句填空
1.I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.答案 the;a [句意:我刚听说Dora工作的银行被一个戴着面罩的持枪歹徒抢了。第一空,句中where引导的定语从句修饰bank,由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行,故用定冠词;第二空,泛指“一个持枪歹徒”,因此用不定冠词。] 2.He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.答案 a [句意:他拥有一家看起来几乎荒芜的农场。farm在句中是第一次出现,而且表示泛指,所以用不定冠词。] 3.________village where I was born has grown into________ town.答案 The;a [句意:我出生的那个村庄已经变成一个城镇了。由village后的定语从句where I was born可知这里特指“我”出生的村庄,用定冠词the;第二空后town为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,泛指一个城镇,故用不定冠词a。] 4.The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________week, often long into ________night.答案 a;the [句意:论文下个月要上交了。我现在每周工作七天,经常工作到深夜。第一空表示“每一”,故用不定冠词a;第二空是固定搭配long into the night,意为“直到深夜”,故用定冠词the。] 5.They chose Tom to be ________captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.答案 the;a [句意:他们选择汤姆为这个队的队长,因为他们知道他是一个聪明的领导。第一空后的名词captain是特指,特指这个队的队长,故用定冠词the;第二空后的名词leader表示泛指,故用不定冠词a。] 6.We can become ________ smart shopper by choosing for value, not for looks;in other words, choose good quality goods with plain packages.答案 a [句意:如果我们买东西是为了价值而不是为了包装,那么我们就能成为一个明智的消费者;也就是说,应选择普通包装的质量好的产品。shopper为单数可数名词,此处泛指“一个明智的消费者”,故填不定冠词a。] 7.________ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.答案 The [句意:市长来我们学校参观的新闻昨天通过收音机发布了。名词news后有介词短语修饰,起限定作用,表特指,故填The。] 8.In Germany, ________ successful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”,has been running with a great success.答案 a [句意:在德国,一个名为“领养祖父母”的项目已成功运行。project为单数可数名词,此处意为“一个成功的项目”,表泛指,故填不定冠词a。] 9.—Mom, why can't I have ________ new bike? —Dear, you know, money doesn't grow on trees.答案 a [句意:——妈妈,我为什么不能要一辆新自行车?——亲爱的,你要知道,赚钱可不是件容易的事。bike为单数可数名词,是首次提到,此处表泛指,故用不定冠词a。] 10.________ wish always remains unrealistic that you can come first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all.答案 The [句意:你不付出任何努力而想在期末考试中得第一名的愿望是不现实的。wish后有that引导的同位语从句修饰,表特指,故填定冠词The。] B.单句改错
1.Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be Beethoven.________________________________________________________ 答案 在Beethoven前加a [此处表示泛指“一个像贝多芬的人”。] 2.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on a top floor.________________________________________________________ 答案 把第二个a→the [floor前有top修饰,此处表示特指,故用the。] 3.Life is like a ocean;only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→an [ocean是以元音音素开头的单词,且此处表泛指,故用an。] 4.A best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.________________________________________________________ 答案 A→The [best为最高级,故用the。] 5.An exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.________________________________________________________ 答案 An→The [year后有定语修饰,表示特指,故用the。] 6.I think good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use.________________________________________________________ 答案 good前加a [ habit意为“习惯”,是可数名词,此处为泛指,故用不定冠词a修饰。] 7.Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二个a→an [ordinary是以元音音素开头的形容词,故其前应用不定冠词an。]
8.Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for over three hours.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→the [根据in years可知,此处表示“最严重的暴风雨”,形容词最高级前应加定冠词the。] 9.Rock climbing is great fun.You will get close to the nature and take adventures at the same time.________________________________________________________ 答案 第一个the去掉 [nature意为“自然,自然界”时,其前不能加冠词。] 10.Once you click the button, a e-mail will be sent to you via your e-mail address.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→an [e-mail是以元音音素开头的名词,故其前应用不定冠词an。]
考点二 冠词的习惯用语或固定搭配
基础点 不定冠词的习惯用语或固定搭配 as a result 因此
as a rule 通常,照例 in a hurry 匆忙地 in a word 总之
at a loss 困惑,不知所措 for a while 暂时,一时 all of a sudden 突然 What a pity!真遗憾!
have a population of 有……人口 have a history of 有……的历史 a collection of 一批…… a knowledge of(=know)知道
an understanding of(=understand)懂得 2 定冠词的习惯用语或固定搭配 in the end 最后,终于
make the most/best of 充分利用 in the distance 在远处 in the way 挡路 on the whole 总之
on the right/left 在右/左面 at the same time 同时
as a matter of fact 事实上 after a while 一会儿后 in a sense 在某种意义上 once in a while 偶尔 at a distance 离一段距离 once upon a time 从前 a waste of...……的浪费
at the moment 此刻
go to the doctor's 去看医生 by the way 顺便说,附带地说说
the other day(=a few days ago)几天前 on the radio/phone 通过无线电/电话 on the spot在场,到场;立即,马上;当场 to tell(you)the truth 说实话,老实说 go to the cinema 去看电影
on(the)one hand..., on the other hand...一方面……,另一方面…… 3 零冠词的习惯用法或固定搭配 under repair处于维修中 day and night 整天整夜 out of control 失控
in danger 处于危险之中 at present 目前 in peace平静 on purpose 故意 ahead of time 提前 by law 根据法律
有无冠词意义不同的习惯用语或搭配
sit at table 坐在桌旁吃饭sit at the table 坐在桌子旁at school 在上学at the school 在学校
lose heart 灰心 out of work 失业 at risk 有危险 take part in 参加 by chance/accident 碰巧 on second thoughts 再一想 in advance 提前 by mistake 由于差错 重难点
不一定在吃饭
不一定是上学
in hospital 在住院in the hospital 在医院里in prison 坐牢in the prison 在监狱里by sea 乘船由海路by the sea 在海边in front of 在in the front of 在
不一定是病人
不一定是罪犯
外部的前面
内部的前面
out of question 没问题,毫无疑问out of the question 不可能in charge of 负责,掌管in the charge of 在……的掌管之下
in possession of 拥有in the possession of 为……所拥有go to church 去做礼拜go to the church 去教堂go to school 去上学go to the school 去学校
[考法综述] 冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配是高考语篇型语法填空及短文改错的常考点,近五年考查了13次,是考查重点之一。
命题法 考查冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配
典例1 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half ________ hour.[答案] an 句意:简非常匆忙,因为到达机场的列车将在半小时之后开车。half an hour为习惯用法,意为“半小时”。
典例2 Since then—for all these years—we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result, the plants are growing everywhere.________________________________________________________ [答案] result前加a as a result为固定短语,意为“因此”,故在result前加a。
【解题法】 冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配的必备知识和一般解题思路(1)首先要熟练掌握不定冠词,定冠词及零冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配。
(2)在语法填空中,考查冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配时,是不给提示词的,因而可以根据语境来确定习惯用语及固定搭配的冠词。
(3)在短文改错中,考查冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配,主要体现在考生因固定思维模式或汉语语言的影响而对冠词的错用、漏用和多用。
A.单句填空
1.Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in ________ countryside.答案 the [句意:现在我生活在一座城市,但是我想念农村的家乡。in the countryside为固定短语,意为“在乡下,在农村”。故填定冠词the。] 2.________more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.答案 The;the [句意:一个人越博学,他通常会变得越谦逊。根据句子结构来判断,此句使用了“The+形容词/副词比较级…,the+形容词/副词比较级…”结构,意思是“越……,越……”。] 3.Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.答案 a;the [句意:多年来,简的祖母一直想写一本儿童读物,但由于种种原因耽
搁下来了。第一空,book是可数名词,此处表泛指,用不定冠词a;第二空,in the way是固定词组,意为“挡路,妨碍”。故填a;the。] 4.Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence.On ________ other hand, it could just put you in debt.答案 the [句意:自己创业可能是使你获得经济独立的一种方式。另一方面,它也可能让你欠债。on the other hand为固定短语,意为“另一方面”,故填定冠词the。] 5.We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at ________ beginning of the year.答案 the [句意:我们将在一个月内实现我们年初制订的销售目标。at the beginning of为固定短语,意为“在……之初”,故填定冠词the。] 6.I thought I'd better have ________ word with you about the task to be done.答案 a [句意:我想我最好跟你谈一下关于这项要做的任务。have a word with sb.“和某人谈一谈”为固定搭配。] 7.With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with ________ better command of computer skills.答案 a [句意:随着社会的发展,我们国家非常需要那些可以进行电脑操作的人才。with a command of...为惯用搭配,意为“掌握……”,故填不定冠词a。] 8.We slept in a tent and took ________ long walk every day.答案 a [句意:我们睡在帐篷里,每天步行很长的路。take a walk为固定搭配,意为“散步;走路”。] 9.The tour will provide ________ unique opportunity to stay with a British family for a week in ________ hope that you will better understand the life there.答案 a;the [句意:这次旅游会提供给你一个和英国家庭生活一周的独特机会,希望你对那里的生活有一个更好的了解。“机会”强调的是一次,所以填不定冠词a;in the hope that为固定用法,意为“怀着……的希望”。] 10.If you don't have ________ good knowledge of English, it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.答案 a [句意:如果你对英语的掌握不够好,你就不可能灵活、流利地使用它。have a good knowledge of是固定短语,意为“精通;掌握”。] B.单句改错
1.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.________________________________________________________ 答案 hurry前加a [in a hurry是固定短语,意为“匆忙”。] 2.The next morning Jason went to the office for his papers as an usual.________________________________________________________ 答案 把an去掉 [as usual为固定短语,意为“像通常一样”。] 3.Now, years later, this river is one of most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.________________________________________________________
答案 most前加the [根据one of知后面是形容词的最高级,因此most前加定冠词the。] 4.In the fact, hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.________________________________________________________ 答案 把the去掉 [In fact为固定短语,意为“事实上,实际上”。] 5.At an end of the day, she returned to take me back to my accommodation.________________________________________________________ 答案 an→the [at the end of为固定短语,意为“在……结尾,在……末端”。] 6.I tried to appear at the ease when the foreign guest greeted me by kissing me on the cheek.________________________________________________________ 答案 去掉第一个the [at ease“自由自在,无拘无束”,固定搭配。] 7.The driver was at loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive because of speeding.________________________________________________________ 答案 在loss前加a [at a loss是固定短语,意为“不知所措”。] 8.—Many people don't think much of the movie.—I think differently.In the way, it is a good film.And the photographed scenes are very beautiful.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二个the→a [句意:——很多人认为这部电影不好。——我不那么认为。在某种程度上,这是一部很不错的电影。拍摄的场景非常美。in a way为固定短语,“在某种程度上”。] 9.I signed it “some thankful students” and slipped it into the envelope.________________________________________________________ 答案 the→an [根据句意表示把信装进“一个”信封,故用不定冠词,且envelope的始发音为元音,故改为an。] 10.—As a child, my father often spent all Sundays relaxing outdoors, even playing for hours at time.—That's my father's story, too.________________________________________________________ 答案 time前加a [at a time为固定短语,意为“一次”。]
考点三 冠词的活用
基础点
不定冠词的活用
(1)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前,可以具体化的抽象名词有shame,surprise, pleasure, honour, success, help, beauty, failure等。
It's a_pleasure for me to work with you.和你一起工作我非常高兴。
She was a famous beauty in her youth.她年轻时是个有名的美人。
(2)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the,但如果名词前有修饰语,可用不定冠词。
the world, a peaceful world;the moon, a bright moon。世界,一个和平的世界;月亮,一轮明亮的月亮。
(3)表示一日三餐的名词和专有名词前如果有形容词修饰,也可用不定冠词。I had a wonderful supper yesterday.昨晚我吃了一顿美味佳肴。
(4)“a most+形容词”表示“很……”,most在此不表示最高级含义,为“很,非常”的意思,相当于very,而“the+ most+多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式,表示“最……”。
This is a most interesting film.这是一部非常有趣的电影。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。
(5)不定冠词用在表示地名的专有名词前,表示“一个……的地方”。She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago.现在的中国是一个与二十年前不同的国家了。
(6)knowledge, collection, understanding等名词后加of...时其前常用不定冠词a/an。
Her new book is a collection of short stories.她的新书是一部短篇小说集。He has a good knowledge of French.他精通法语。
重难点
序数词前冠词的活用
“the+序数词”表顺序,而“a/an+序数词”表“又一,再一”;序数词修饰动词时,......已成为副词,因此不必与冠词连用。如: ..Can you give me a_second chance, please?(=another chance)请再给我一次机会好吗?
He was only 5 years old when I first saw him.(adv.)当我第一次见到他时,他只有5岁。
[考法综述] 不定冠词的活用,尤其是序数词前加不定冠词,冠词的活用在语篇
型语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及,近五年考查了10次,仍是高考考查的难点。
命题法 考查冠词的活用
典例1 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.[答案] a;a 句意:在那艰苦的岁月里能够买得起一杯饮料将会是一种安慰。drink在此表示泛指“一杯饮料”;comfort作“安慰”讲为不可数名词,但在此是抽象名词具体化指“一件令人安慰的事”,故都用a。
典例2 He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get the second chance in the long jump.________________________________________________________ [答案] 将第三个the→a 此处应该表示“又一次机会”,故用a。
【解题法】 分析名词特点,注意冠词活用
在英语中,我们要注意冠词的一些灵活用法。常用的一些抽象名词如success, failure, pity, surprise, pleasure等,当表示“具体的人或者事”时,这些抽象名词具体化了,可转化为可数名词。
A.单句填空
1.—You are really crazy about music!—Sort of.I always find in music ________ peace which is missing in ________ world full of challenges.答案 the;a [句意:——你对音乐真痴狂!——有点吧。我总能在音乐中找到宁静,而这种宁静在一个充满了挑战的世界中是不存在的。peace后有定语从句修饰,表特指,加不定冠词;第二空是泛指,意为“一个……的世界”,故用a。] 2.—Guess what? Tom has failed in the exam ________ second time.—How come? He is second to none in English in our class.答案 a [句意:——你猜怎么着?汤姆考试又没通过。
——怎么会呢?他的英语在我们班名列前茅。此处表示“又一次,再一次”,故用不定冠词a。] 3.When you finish reading the novel, you will have ________ better understanding of society.答案 a [句意:当你读完这本小说后,你就会更好地了解社会。根据句意可知,此处表示读前与读后的比较,比较级前用不定冠词表示“更……的”。故填不定冠词a。] 4.It was by reading it ________ third time that Sammy got a thorough understanding of passage E.答案 a [句意:萨米又读了一遍才对E篇文章有了彻底的了解。根据句意可知,此处不表顺序,仅表“又一,再一”。故填不定冠词a。] B.单句改错
1.Although the experiment turned out to be failure, we decided to try a second
time.________________________________________________________ 答案 failure前加a [failure当“失败”讲为不可数名词,在此处表示“一件失败的事”,为可数名词,故用a。] 2.—What do you think of the grammar book? —Oh, it really is a useful reference book, which is worth reading the second time.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二个the→a [second此处不表示次序,而表示“又一,再一”,故用a。] 3.When you finish reading the novel, you will have better understanding of society.________________________________________________________ 答案 在better前加a [understanding为抽象名词,后面有of时前用不定冠词a/an。] 4.“The match between two teams is great,” said Jim, “and I hope to see the second.”
________________________________________________________ 答案 第二个the→a [此处表示“又一,再一”,故用a。]
易错题一:忽视抽象名词或物质名词具体化
[例1] Anyone who achieves success in this field can be ________success.[错解] 不填
[错因分析] 有些考生误认为success只能为抽象名词,无单复数形式,因而做错本题。[答案] a [心得体会]
[例2] My parents approached the site, which was still wet from ________
heavy rain.[错解] the [错因分析] 在这道试题中,很多考生会误填the,认为rain为物质名词,前面不用冠词,即便使用冠词也应用the。
[答案] a [心得体会]
易错题二:表示独一无二的事物的名词前冠词的误用
[例] We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.[错解] the;the [错因分析] 虽然sky和world是表示独一无二的事物的名词,但是一些考生忽略了它们的一些特殊用法,而误填the。
[答案] a;a [心得体会]
易错题三:专有名词前冠词的误用
[例] ________Shanghai of tomorrow is sure to create new splendor and spring up as another center of international economy.[错解] 不填
[错因分析] 很多考生看到这道题后认为Shanghai是一个表示地点的专有名词,按照一般语法规则,专有名词前不用冠词,因此他们会感到无所适从或者误填其他冠词。
[答案] The [心得体会]
易错题四:特殊情况下定冠词、不定冠词的误用
[例1] An apple fell from the tree and hit him on ________ head.[错解] his [错因分析] 在解此题时,考生较容易受汉语思维的干扰而误填his。[答案] the [心得体会]
[例2] As everybody knows, a plane is ________ machine that can fly.[错解] the [错因分析] 有些考生会想当然地认为machine为可数名词,且后面有定语从句修饰,所以误填定冠词the。
[答案] a [心得体会]
第五篇:高考英语总复习之名词性从句
高考英语复习--------名词性从句用法及真题解析
名词性从句是高考英语中非常重要的部分,它能使得英语的句子长度加长,内容丰富且句型多样。高中阶段的英语学习基本涉及了所有的名词性从句常用句法,因此高考也在各种题型中考查同学们对此项语法的掌握。同学们除了应具有基本的语法知识,如能分析句中的主、谓、宾等基本成份,更重要的应该培养一定的逻辑分析能力,能够正确判断出句与句之间的主、次关系及语意关联;能够分析得出主、从句(可以根据连接词的位臵),通过对题意的正确理解判断使用何种连接词。同时注意句中的语序,时态及主谓一致问题。考点1 主语从句
引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类: 连接词that,whether;
连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等; 连接副词when,where,why,how等。1.连接词that,whether引导
①That the college will take in more new students this year is true. 今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。
②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。【注】(1)if不能引导主语从句。
(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:
A.It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如: It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。B.It+系动词+名词+that从句。如:
It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. 我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。C.It+be+v.ed形式+that从句。如:
It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out. 据宣布计划已经顺利实施。2.连接代词引导
①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。②who the letter was from is still unknown. 这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。
③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3.连接副词引导
①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear. 针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。
②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。考点2 宾语从句
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类: 连接词that,whether,if等,连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等,连接副词when,where,why,how等。1.连接词that,whether,if引导
①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
【注】whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用if,但以下情况中,只能用whether。(1)与or not紧接连用时。如:
Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如:
We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。
2.连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等如:
①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。
②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
3.连接副词引导when,where,why,how等 ①Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗? ②I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。4.宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如:
①He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。②Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗? 5.宾语从句的时态
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)②she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如:
①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)②He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)③He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如:
①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。②He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。
【注】在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点:
(1)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后臵。如:
①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。②I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。
(2)hate,like,take,owe,have,take for granted等表示“喜欢;痛恨;认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意,留意”后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后臵。如:
①I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。②When you start the engine,you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 启动发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位臵。(3)介词后的宾语从句。如:
①She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。
②We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
(4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:
①I don’t think I know you.我想我并不认识你。②I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。考点
3、表语从句
常由连接词that,whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever;连接副词when,where,how,why引导。1.连接词引导
①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。
②The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。2.连接代词和连接副词引导
①The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 问题是谁将接管这家店铺。
②That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。
【注】(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面,如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel等。如:
①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。
②At that time,it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word. 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
(2)当主句的主语是reason时,表语从句一般由that引导,这种用法常见于句型The reason why…is that…。如:
The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。
考点4 同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,promise,suggestion,order等。
1.通常用连词that引导同位语从句,that无词义,也不作句子成分,但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如:
①They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again. 他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。②I have no idea that she quit her present job. 我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。
③Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我,你今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。
2.同位语从句还可以用whether,when,where,why,how等引导。如:
①The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading. 学生问了我这个问题:这本书是否值得一读。
②I have no idea why he was excited at that time.我不知道当时他激动的原因。
.
考点5 名词性从句需要注意的事项
1.that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略;在宾语从句中有时可以省略,一般需要注意下面两点:(1)当that从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如:
They share little in common except that they are from the same country. 除了来自同一个国家之外,他们几乎没有共同点。
(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他的不省略。如:
I believe(that)you’ve done your best and that things will improve. 我相信你已经尽力了,而且情况也会得到改善。
2.that与what的区别。that在从句中不能够充当句子成分,也没有含义;what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语,意思是”什么,……的事情”。如: ①The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他会康复的希望没有消失。②What he said proved to be true. 他所说的话证明是正确的。
3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制;而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。如: ①The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。②The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
③I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。
④The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。
十年高考【2002-2011】英语分类汇编----名词性从句
1(2011北京卷22)________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A.Which
B what
C.That
D.Whom 2(2011北京卷31)The shocking news mad me realize _____terrible problems we would face.A.what
B.how
C.that
D.why
3(2011上海卷31)There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A.what
B.if
C.how
D.that
4(2011上海卷38)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.A.why
B.that
C.which
D.what 5(2011山东卷26)I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.A.that
B.when
C.where
D.why
6(2011山东卷33)We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.A.where
B.what
C.whether
D.which 7(2011江西卷26)The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.A.this
B.that
C.what
D.which 8(2011江苏卷26)It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.A.that
B.how
C.when
D.why
9(2011安徽卷33)His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.A.that
B.how
C.who
D.what
10(2011四川卷10)Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why
B.how
C.what
D.which 11(2011辽宁卷23)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ___to read first.A.what
B.who
C.how
D.why
12(2011辽宁卷32)When the news came_________the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.A.since
B.which
C.that
D.because 13(2011天津卷13)Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where 14(2011陕西卷15)I’d like to start my own business–that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money.A.why
B.when
C.which
D.what 15(2011重庆卷22)It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether
B.when
C.which
D.where