2018年江苏高考专题一语法知识:第1讲动词的时态与语态

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第一篇:2018年江苏高考专题一语法知识:第1讲动词的时态与语态

第1讲 动词的时态与语态

1.He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he________.(2017·江苏,27)A.was being followed

C.had been followed

答案 A 解析 句意为:他匆忙回家了,一次也没有回头看看他是否正被跟踪。这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。综合可知选A项。

2.He’s been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017·江苏,31)A.hasn’t qualified

C.doesn’t qualify

答案 C 解析 句意为:他已被告知,因为他的学术背景,他没有获得奖学金的资格。本空的谓语动词qualify在这里用作不及物动词,表示“有资格,有权利”,此处并不表示延续性的动作,而是说明“他没有资格”这一实际情况,因此用一般现在时的否定式doesn’t qualify。3.—________ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes.They are happy with it.(2017·北京,24)A.Did you call

C.Will you call

答案 A 解析 句意为:——昨天你给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品印象如何了吗?——打

B.Have you called D.Were you calling B.hadn’t qualified D.wasn’t qualifying B.was following D.followed 过了,他们对我们的产品很满意。由yesterday(昨天)可知,句子用一般过去时。D项是过去进行时,与语境不符。

4.In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones ________ yet.(2017·北京,29)A.haven’t invented B.haven’t been invented C.hadn’t invented D.hadn’t been invented 答案 D 解析 句意为:在20世纪50年代的美国,大多数家庭家里仅有一部电话,那时无线电话还没有被发明出来。由in the 1950s可知句子说的是过去发生的事情,又由yet可知,要用完成时,故空格处用过去完成时;又因phones与invent之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态。综合可知,选D项。

5.People ________ better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.(2017·北京,33)A.will have

C.had

答案 B 解析 句意为:人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务,因此人们更长寿了。句子说的是现在的情况,故用一般现在时,选B项。have access to有权使用,有机会接近。

6.I_______ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017·天津,8)A.was driving

C.would drive

答案 A 解析 句意为:我正开车去伦敦,这时突然发现我走错路了。be doing...when...是固定句式,表示“正在做„„这时„„”。

7.More efforts,as reported,________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(2016·江苏,22)A.are made

C.are being made

B.will be made D.have been made B.have driven D.drove B.have D.had had 答案 B 解析 句意为:据报道,为加快供给侧结构性改革今后几年要付出更多的努力。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知,此处要用一般将来时,再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系可知答案为B。

8.Dashan,who ________ crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016·江苏,29)A.will be learning

C.had been learning

答案 D 解析 句意为:大山已经学习相声——中国传统喜剧形式——数十年了,他想把中国相声与西方单口相声融合起来。根据时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知,此处表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到将来)的动作,故此处要用现在完成进行时。9.Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016·北京,21)A.works

C.was working

答案 C 解析 句意为:杰克正在实验室里工作这时突然停电了。be doing...when...(某人)正在做某事,这时„„,是固定句式。由occurred可知停电是发生在过去的某一具体时刻,故用过去进行时,选C。

10.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.(2016·北京,30)A.rewarded

C.will reward

答案 D 解析 句意为:学生们一直努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会获得成功的。由句意可知,reward这一动作发生在have been working之后,故用将来时态;efforts和reward之间为被动关系,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。

11.When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I ____ for years.(2016·天津,3)A.didn’t see

C.hadn’t seen

B.haven’t seen D.wouldn’t see B.were rewarded D.will be rewarded B.has worked D.would work B.is learning D.has been learning 答案 C 解析 句意为:沿街走路时,我偶然遇到了戴维,我们已有好几年没见了。“没见”表示的动作在came across之前,且for years是完成时的标志,所以应选表示过去完成时的hadn’t seen。

12.—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars.We ________ here for more than two hours.(2016·北京,23)A.waited

C.would be waiting

答案 D 解析 句意为:——请问,你们在等哪场电影?——新的《星球大战》,我们在这儿已经等了两个多小时了。由句中时间状语“for more than two hours”可知,动作从过去延续到现在,并对现在产生了直接影响,且动作还可能继续,故用现在完成进行时。故选D。

13.I ________ half of the English novel,and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016·北京,25)A.read

C.am reading

答案 B 解析 句意为:我已经读完这本英文小说的一半了,我会争取在周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成的动作,并且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有影响,故用现在完成时。14.The real reason why prices ________,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015·江苏,30)A.were

C.have been

答案 A 解析 句意为:物价过去很高,现在依然居高不下,其真正原因是复杂的,不是两三句话能圆满解释的。根据空格后面的and still are(而且现在仍然是)判断,前面是指物价过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故选A项。

15.—Dr Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right.I ________ him later.(2015·北京,30)A.will call

C.call

B.have called D.will be calling B.will be D.had been B.have read D.will read B.wait

D.have been waiting 答案 A 解析 句意为:——Jackson博士现在不在他的办公室里。——好的。过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时,故选A。

16.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ a class at that time.(2015·天津,6)A.will teach

C.has taught

答案 D 解析 句意为:简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议,因为那时她将在授课。时间状语at that time指的是前面的at 3 o’clock this afternoon,表示将来某个时刻正在做某事,要用将来进行时。17.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement________ so far by the two sides.(2015·天津,9)A.has been reached

C.will reach

答案 A 解析 句意为:尽管之前进行了多轮会谈,但到目前为止双方还没达成任何协议。根据时间状语so far可知此处要用现在完成时,主语agreement与动词reach之间为被动关系,故要用现在完成时的被动形式。

18.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people guessed that he ________ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.(2015·浙江,8)A.has been

C.was going to be

答案 C 解析 句意为:阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦生于1879年。孩提时,很少有人会猜想到他能成为其理论会改变世界的著名科学家。由语境可知,此处指在爱因斯坦小时候人们所猜想的,表示“从过去看将来会发生的事情”,要用过去将来时态,用would/should do,was/were to do或者was/were going to do表示,故C项正确。

19.That’s why I help brighten people’s days.If you ________,who’s to say that another person will?(2015·湖南,35)A.didn’t

B.don’t B.had been D.was B.was reached D.will have reached B.would teach D.will be teaching C.weren’t

答案 B

D.haven’t 解析 句意为:那就是为什么我要帮助人们使他们天天心情愉快。如果你不那样做的话,谁能说另一个人会那样做呢?本句中if引导的是条件状语从句,从句中需用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

20.To my delight,I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015·福建,26)A.was chosen

C.would choose

答案 A 解析 句意为:令我高兴的是,在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先,句子主语I和choose是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;其次,本句是对过去所发生事情的客观描述,所以用一般过去时。

B.was being chosen D.had chosen

一、几种易混的动词时态的比较 1.一般过去时和现在完成时的比较

(1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作时,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果;而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.她打扫了房间。现在非常干净。

此句中的has cleaned就不能改为cleaned,因为clean这一动作的结果仍与现状有关。(2)汉语中的“了”“过”“曾”等词常用完成时来表达,I have seen that film.我看过那部电影了。

但是如果是在过去的特定时间“看了”或“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去时来表达。

—When did you see that film? —I saw it yesterday.——你什么时候看了那部电影? ——我昨天看的。

2.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较

现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作,或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果;现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性,还可表示动作的重复。

Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》在过去的几年里至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。—Hi,Tracy,you look tired.—I am tired.I have been painting the living room all day.——嗨,特雷西,你看起来很累。——我累了。我一整天都在粉刷客厅。3.现在进行时和过去进行时的比较

现在进行时描述现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事;过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作,两者选取的时间参考点不同。—Hey,look where you are going!

—Oh,I’m terribly sorry.I wasn’t noticing.——嘿,看你往哪儿走的!——哦,真对不起。我没注意到。

由语境可知,第一句描述正在发生的事情,故用现在进行时;答话者在对方提醒下才注意到自己的过失,也就是之前一直没有注意到,故用过去进行时。4.一般过去时和过去进行时的比较

一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况,是一个已经完成了的、只做一次的动作;过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作,是一个尚未完成的动作,可以表示过去反复做的动作。

He was writing a book about China last year,but I don’t know if he has finished it.他去年在写一本关于中国的书,但我不知道他是否已经完成了。

从“I don’t know if he has finished it”可推断,他去年一直在写,所以用过去进行时。Tom slipped into the house when no one was noticing.没人注意时,汤姆溜进了屋子。

slipped指过去有结果的动作(他溜进去了),when no one was noticing指他溜进去的一刹那正在发生的情况(没有人注意)。

二、破除思维定式解决时态题

思维定式一:“for+一段时间”总是与现在完成时连用

“for+一段时间”用在句子中,只表示动作持续了一段时间,这个动作可能已经结束,也可能在将来某个时间发生,还可表示持续到现在为止。所以“for+一段时间”并不总是与现在完成时连用。

—Haven’t seen you for ages!Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.——好久没见到你了,你去哪儿了?

——我去了宁夏,在那里待了一年,作为一名志愿者教书。

由对话可知,went和stayed是两个发生在过去的动作,并没有持续到现在,故stay要用一般过去时。

思维定式二:“平行结构”中的时态要一致

平行结构往往表示两个或多个发生在同一时间段内的动作,因此动作常常衔接而来,时态要尽量一致(特殊情况除外)。如:

Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we had expected.手写所有的邀请函比我们预计的更费时。(“预计”这一动作发生在手写邀请函之前,而手写邀请函是一个过去的事实,故“预计”这个动作要用过去完成时态。)思维定式三:过去的时间状语要与过去的各种时态连用

I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel.那天我本来打算晚些时候去拜访你的,但是我不得不打电话取消了。

根据句意可知,在过去的时间点说将来,如果谓语动词是come,go,leave...,则常用过去进行时表将来。

思维定式四:句子中出现look,hear用现在进行时

句子中出现look,hear以提醒别人注意时,往往这一动作正在进行,但也有例外: —Look!Somebody has cleaned the sofa.—Well,it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it.——看!有人已经把沙发整理干净了。——哦,那不是我。我没有做。

从答语可以看出事件已经完成了,故前面一句着重谈对现在的影响,故用现在完成时态。

1.—Hi,Jenny,how are you getting on with your packing? —I ________ what to take with me.(2017·南京、盐城一模,27)A.will have decided

C.am deciding

答案 C 解析 句意为:——嗨,珍妮,你的行李收拾得怎么样啦?——我正在决定要带什么呢。根据语境可知,两人之间的对话为现在发生的事情,而珍妮正在决定要带什么行李。结合句意可知本题的时态为现在进行时,故选C项。2.—Didn’t you talk any with Rice? —No,the plane ________ off when I rushed to the airport to see her off.(2017·南京九中模拟,31)A.was taking

C.took

答案 B 解析 句意为:——你没有和Rice说什么吗?——没有,我赶到机场送她的时候飞机已经起飞了。take off这一动作发生在rush这一动作之前,rush用的过去时,所以take off要用过去的过去,即过去完成时。故选B项。3.—Have you got the washing machine fixed? —I paid a lot of money,but still it ________ to work.(2017·南京学情调研,25)A.fails

C.has failed

答案 A 解析 句意为:——你的洗衣机修好了吗?——我付了很多钱,但是洗衣机仍然无法运转。根据语境可知,洗衣机仍然无法运转为发生在现在的事情,故本题的时态为一般现在时,答案选A。

4.The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than when we ________ admitted.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,26)A.will get

C.got

B.get D.have got B.is failing D.had failed B.had taken D.has taken B.would decide D.had decided 答案 C 解析 句意为:我们学校的校长希望我们在毕业的时候比入学的时候更有雄心。根据语境可知,毕业是在将来,而入学是在过去,应用一般过去时,故选C项。

5.I hope when you come tomorrow,you ________ the reading and have something to share.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,34)A.did

C.will be doing

答案 D 解析 句意为:我希望当你们明天来的时候,你们已经阅读完了,并且有东西分享。根据语境可知,此处在谈论将来的事情,应用将来的时态,排除A、B两项;根据have something to share可知,已经读完才有东西可分享,应用将来完成时,故选D项。

6.When someone ________,it will double his or her chances of being helpful again.(2017·镇江一模,22)A.thanks

C.was thanked

答案 B 解析 句意为:当有人被感谢的时候,他或她再次助人的可能性将增加一倍。根据being helpful可知,一个人在助人为乐后得到感谢会再帮助别人,“得到感谢”应用被动语态,排除A、D两项;根据主句的一般将来时可知,从句应用一般现在时表将来,故选B项。7.—It’s a complete mess.Where are the kitchen table tops? —At the back.We ________ them by 7 pm this evening.(2017·镇江期末,29)A.are placing

C.will be placing

答案 D 解析 句意为:——这简直是一团糟。厨房桌子的桌面在哪里?——在后面。我们今晚七点前会将它们摆放好。根据时间状语by 7 pm this evening可知本题的时态为将来完成时,故选D。

8.I’m afraid the teacher will blame you for you’ve failed to do what you ________ to.(2017·南通如皋联考,5)A.will expect

B.will be expected B.have placed D.will have placed B.is thanked D.thanked B.are doing D.will have done C.expected

答案 D

D.were expected 解析 句意为:恐怕老师会因为你没能做到所期望的事而责备你。根据句意可知,你是被老师期望做某事,应用被动语态;根据you’ve failed可知,被期望的事发生在过去,应用一般过去式,故选D项。

9.When he ________ the bill in the restaurant,he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet in the car.(2017·南通一调,29)A.paid

C.was to pay

答案 C 解析 句意为:当他在餐馆里要付钱的时候,他突然意识到他把钱包落在车里了。根据语境可知,他打算付钱,be to do可以表示即刻的将来,且能用在时间状语从句中。本题讲述的是过去的事情,应用was to do,表示过去打算做某事,故选C项。10.—Where is Gary? —He is at the library studying for his German test on Wednesday.In fact,he ________ for the test every day over the past week.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,24)A.has reviewed

C.has been reviewing

答案 C 解析 句意为:——Gary在哪里?——他在图书馆为周三的德语考试学习呢。事实上在过去的一周他每天都在为考试复习。时间状语over the past week常和完成时态连用,根据语境可知,Gary过去一周一直在学习,即动作从过去开始,延续到现在,现在还在进行中,应用现在完成进行时,故选C项。

11.—The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop.—I’m glad we ________ them in the years ahead.(2017·苏北六市联考,30)A.will be operating

C.would be operating

答案 A 解析 句意为:——新机器已经到了,正在车间里被测试。——我很高兴在今后的几年里可以操作它们。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知,操作机器应发生在将来,故选A项。

B.have been operating D.had been operating B.was reviewing D.had been reviewing B.would be paying D.had paid 12.It is almost always the case that the police conduct an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who ________ the offence.(2017·苏州调研,25)A.commits

C.committed

答案 C 解析 句意为:情况几乎总是这样的:警察进行调查并且查看证据,而证据可能暗示是谁犯了罪。根据句意可知,谁犯了罪是发生在警察进行调查并且查看证据之前的事情。由conduct an investigation and look at the evidence的一般现在时可知空处的时态为一般过去时,故选C项。13.Owing to the speeding up of urbanization and improvement of living standards,people’s consumption patterns ________ in the last few years.(2017·苏北四市一调,21)A.changed

C.had changed

答案 D 解析 句意为:由于城市化的加速和生活水平的提高,在过去的几年中人们的消费模式发生了变化。根据时间状语in the last few years可知,变化发生在过去的几年里,即从几年前到现在,符合现在完成时的使用语境,故选D项。14.—Guess what?I met Mark at the party.—If my memory serves me correctly,you two ________ each other for almost ten years.(2017·南通如皋联考,6)A.haven’t seen

C.didn’t see

答案 B 解析 句意为:——你猜怎么着?我在聚会上遇到了Mark。——如果我没记错的话,你们俩差不多10年没见面了。两人差不多10年没见面是发生在I met Mark at the party之前的事,也就是发生在“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时,故选B项。15.—Why are you so upset,Mary? —My boss ________ fault with me.He is not so kind as you think.(2017·南通一模,22)A.always finds

C.has always found 答案 B

B.is always finding D.always found B.hadn’t seen D.don’t see B.change D.have changed B.commit D.will commit 解析 句意为:——Mary,你为什么这么沮丧啊?——我老板总是挑我的毛病。他没有你想的那么友善。be always doing sth.总是做某事,带有感情色彩,或喜欢或讨厌,符合语境,故选B项。

16.—Go for a drink together? —Fine.I ________ how to spend the rest of the night.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,31)A.wonder

C.was wondering

答案 C 解析 句意为:——一起去喝一杯?——好啊,我刚才正在想如何来度过今晚余下的时光呢。过去进行时可表示说话者在说这句话之前正在做的事情,还可以表示一种礼貌,符合交际用语的特点,故选C项。

17.New energy vehicle-sharing projects ________ in dozens of cities across the country to fuel China’s sharing economy in the next few years.(2017·连云港、徐州、宿迁三模,27)A.are to carry out B.are being carried out C.were carried out D.will have been carried out 答案 B 解析 句意为:为了在未来几年为我国的分享经济注入发展动力,新能源汽车共享项目正在多个城市展开。根据句意可知,项目现在正在被开展,故选B项。18.—I hope you’ll make good efforts while I’m away.—Be assured!You’ll be amazed at what ________ accomplished when you get back.(2016·南通三模,25)A.will have been

C.was

答案 A 解析 句意为:——我希望我不在的时候你能够好好努力。——请放心!当你回来的时候,你会对我完成的事情感到吃惊。本题中when you get back是用一般现在时表示将来,那么get back是发生在将来的动作,根据语境可知,当你回来的时候我已经完成了,故应用将来完成时。19.—Tom,you look worried.Anything I can do for you?

B.has been D.would be B.had wondered D.have wondered —I ________ if you could give me a three-day leave to look after my baby in hospital.(2016·南通、扬州、泰州调研,35)A.had wondered

C.would wonder

答案 B 解析 句意为:——汤姆,你看起来很担心,需要我为你做些什么吗?——我刚才正在想你能否给我三天假来照顾我住院的小孩。这是一个宾语从句,根据句意可知,我刚才正在考虑这件事,符合交际用语的特点,故B正确。

20.When you visit our town next August,a modern sports center ________,for the National Games are to be held then.A.will be constructing B.has been constructing C.will have been constructed D.is being constructed 答案 C 解析 句意为:到明年八月份你来参观我们镇的时候,一个现代化的体育中心将已经完工,因为全国运动会将在那时举行。根据时间状语next August可知construct应该在将来;另外到那个时候将举行全国运动会,体育中心应该已经完工,应用将来完成时的被动结构,故选C项。

B.was wondering D.have wondered

第二篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第4讲动词与动词短语

第4讲 动词与动词短语

1.Working with the medical team in Africa has_____ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江苏,25)A.held out

C.picked out 答案 B 解析 句意为:在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出,坚持;bring out使显现,使表现出;pick out挑选出,辨认出;give out分发,发出。2.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江苏,30)A.shape

C.stretch

答案 A 解析 句意为:到了年底,快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败,这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响(某事物的发展),符合语境。switch转换,转变;stretch变大,拉长;sharpen使变锋利,使增强。

3.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________,get married,and have kids.(2017·天津,5)A.settle down

C.get up

答案 A 解析 句意为:布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down),结婚成家,生儿育女。keep off使避开,不接近;get up起床,站起来;cut in插嘴,打断别人说话。

4.He did not ________ easily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江苏,25)A.approach

C.compromise

答案 C 解析 句意为:他不轻易妥协,但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协,符合句意。

5.Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏,30)

B.wrestle D.communicate B.keep off D.cut in B.switch D.sharpen B.brought out D.given out A.fallen off

C.turned off

答案 B

B.taken off D.left off 解析 句意为:由于良好的创业环境,许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。take off成功,起飞,符合句意。fall off跌落,下降;turn off关掉;leave off停止(做)某事,戒掉,均不符合题意。6.Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江苏,33)A.gain admission to

C.take advantage of

答案 C 解析 句意为:父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用,符合句意。gain admission to获准进入;keep track of与……保持联系;give rise to引起,导致,均不符合题意。

7.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than ________ us.(2016·浙江,8)A.divide

C.control

答案 A 解析 句意为:当我们学会求同存异,而非对立分歧时,我们会收获颇多。divide分开;reject拒绝;control控制;abandon放弃,抛弃。根据句意可知选A。

8.When their children lived far away from them,these old people felt ________ from the world.(2016·浙江,12)A.carried away

C.cut off

答案 C 解析 句意为:当孩子们住得离他们很远时,这些老人们感觉与外界隔离了。carry away带走,夺走;break down抛锚,垮掉;cut off切断,隔离;bring up抚养,提出。根据句意可知选C。

9.When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest.(2016·浙江,14)A.limited

C.reflected

答案 C 解析 句意为:当最后决定选一门课程时,我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。reflect反映,B.reserved D.spoiled B.broken down D.brought up B.reject D.abandon B.keep track of D.give rise to 体现,符合语境。limit限制;reserve预订,保留;spoil毁掉,溺爱。

10.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津,8)A.gave voice to

C.turned a deaf ear to

答案 A 解析 句意为:玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默,但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voice to意为“表达对……的想法”,符合语境。keep an eye on照看,留意;turn a deaf ear to对……充耳不闻;set foot on进入,参观。

11.I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to ________ a conversation with her.(2016·天津,14)A.carry on

C.turn down

答案 A 解析 句意为:我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙,没时间与她进行谈话。carry on意为“进行,继续”,符合语境。break into打断,闯入;turn down调低,拒绝;cut off停止,中断。

12.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江苏,22)A.accelerate

C.perform

答案 D 解析 句意为:学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速;improve改善;perform执行;develop发展。

13.The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015·江苏,27)A.apply to

C.appeal to

答案 B 解析 句意为:大学开始开设一些新的语言项目,以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to 适用于,申请;cater for 迎合,满足所需;appeal to 呼吁,上诉;hunt for 搜寻。

14.The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.(2015·江苏,29)A.wait on

C.count on

B.focus on D.call on B.cater for D.hunt for B.improve D.develop B.break into D.cut off B.kept an eye on D.set foot on 答案 C 解析 句意为:整个球队依靠克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多,而他很少让他们失望。wait on 服侍,等待;focus on 集中于,关注;count on依靠,指望;call on 拜访,号召,呼吁。15.Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江,5)A.produce

C.process

答案 C 解析 句意为:研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工,处理,符合语境。produce生产,制作,创作;pronounce发音;download下载。

16.If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able to ________ on the sea?(2015·浙江,16)A.float

C.shrink

答案 A 解析 句意为:如果钢铁比水重的话,那为什么轮船能够浮在海面上?float漂浮,符合语境。drown淹没,(使)溺死;shrink(使)收缩,(使)缩小;split(使)裂开,(使)破裂。17.If you come to visit China,you will________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.(2015·安徽,22)A.develop

C.substitute

答案 D 解析 句意为:如果你来访问中国,你将体验到有着惊人的深度和多元化的文化。develop开发;create创造;substitute替代;experience经历,体验。

18.The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015·湖北,23)A.face

C.raise

答案 D 解析 句意为:这个团队正在努力分析这个问题,以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知,在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face面对;prevent阻止;raise提高。

19.In order not to be heard,she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北,24)A.whisper

C.declare

B.signal D.complain B.prevent D.analyze B.create D.experience B.drown D.split B.pronounce D.download 答案 B 解析 句意为:为了不让别人听到自己的声音,她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知,她只是竖起手指示意,并没有出声。signal意为“示意”,所以答案选B项。whisper低语;declare宣布;complain抱怨。

20.If you have any doubts about your health,you’d better________ your doctor at once.(2015·天津,11)A.convince

C.avoid

答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你对自己的健康状况有所怀疑的话,你最好马上咨询医生。consult请教,咨询,找(医生)诊治,符合语境。convince使相信,使明白;avoid避免;affect影响。

B.consult D.affect

1.有些动词,如feel,look,taste等,既可用作系动词,又可用作实义动词,怎么判断呢?系动词常跟形容词作表语;实义动词则常用副词作状语;系动词一般不用进行时,但在表示语意客气、生动、亲切时,可用进行时。The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.这种新研制的饮料尝起来挺独特的。(系动词)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.厨师正在仔细地品尝这条鱼。(实义动词)2.run out/run out of的区别:run out是不及物动词短语,无被动语态,主语通常是表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词;run out of是及物动词短语,相当于use up,主语通常为人。My money ran out.我的钱花完了。I ran out of my money.我把钱花完了。

3.具体语境中对动词“熟词生义”的考查。如下列单词的“熟词生义”:

ache渴望;address在……上写地址;appreciate理解,意识到;count有价值;cover足以支付;develop逐渐形成;draw推断出;escape被忘掉;fail使失望,衰退;invite招致;observe遵守,庆祝;push督促;promise预示;part分手,放弃;read写着;relate讲述;say假设;walk遛等。

4.常见的基础词汇如get,take,put,break,look,call等构成的短语一直是高考考查的重点。如:If the new safety system had been put to use,the accident would never have happened.句中put...to use是固定搭配,意为“利用/使用……”。As their children lived far away from them,these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的cut off意为“隔绝,隔离”。

1.Roger trained hard for the tournament for months,but unfortunately he had to ________ due to a knee injury.(2017·苏北六市联考,32)A.pull out

C.try out

答案 A 解析 句意为:Roger为了这次锦标赛艰苦训练了好几个月,但不幸的是,由于膝伤,他不得不退出。work out计算出,锻炼;try out试验,选拔;give out散发,分发,用完。pull out退出,(使)离开,符合语境,故选A项。

2.If you want to go further in the new sport,the best way is to ________ and practise more frequently.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,22)A.dive in C.catch on

答案 A 解析 句意为:如果你想在这项新的运动上走得更远,最好的方法就是热切地投入和更加频繁地练习。dive in热切地加入,符合句意。drop out退出,辍学;catch on流行起来;spring up突然出现。故选A项。

3.If you manage to survive the crisis,think about how it will help you ________ new challenges.(2017·镇江期末,30)A.give up

C.hold up

答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你设法在危机中幸存下来,思考一下它将如何帮助你接受新的挑战。take up接受,拿起,举起,占据(空间或时间),开始从事,符合句意。give up放弃;hold up举起,支撑,耽搁,延误;put up举起,升起,设立,建造,提供住宿,张贴,悬挂。故选B项。4.You wouldn’t normally ________ these two writers;their styles are completely different.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,27)A.distinguish

C.adjust

答案 B 解析 句意为:你通常不会把这两位作家联系在一起,他们的风格完全不同。associate把……联系在一起,使有关系,符合题意。distinguish区别,区分;adjust调整,校准;divorce离婚,使分离。

B.associate D.divorce B.take up D.put up B.drop out D.spring up B.work out D.give out 5.Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one’s loneliness,but living alone ________ me,for I can play music as loud as I want.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,30)A.caters to

C.appeals to

答案 C 解析 句意为:和某人共享一个公寓有助于缓解孤独感,但独居对我更有吸引力,因为我可以将音乐播放到我想要的那样响。appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力,符合句意。cater to款待,为……服务;refer to参考,指的是;respond to响应,回应。

6.As its economy is maturing,China’s ________ a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.(2017·南京三模,30)A.defining

C.guaranteeing

答案 B 解析 句意为:随着经济的成熟,在像气候和发展那样的重要问题上中国正在承担更大的作用。define定义,使明确;guarantee保证,担保;assure保证,确保。均不符合语境。assume承担,呈现,假定,认为,assume a greater role承担更大的作用,符合题意,故选B项。7.The recently released film Kong:Skull Island successfully ________ the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.(2017·南京三模,35)A.transports

C.transforms

答案 A 解析 句意为:最近上映的电影《金刚·骷髅岛》成功地用杜比三维立体技术把观众带入了这次冒险经历中。adjust调节,适应;transform使改观,使变形;relate联系,均不符合语境。transport在此处表示“使产生身临其境的感觉”,符合语境,故选A项。

8.In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app,students can ________ a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,29)A.reveal

C.preview

答案 C 解析 句意为:在用虚拟现实应用程序创设的虚拟实验室环境中,学生们可以在真正的实验室实验之前预先进行某个特定的实验。根据before doing them in a real lab可知,此处指预先进行实验,preview预展,预演,符合语境。故选C项。

9.The Palace of Versailles,France’s national treasure,has ________ many changes in its century-long history while keeping its beauty.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,23)

B.reserve D.provide B.adjusts D.relates B.assuming D.assuring B.refers to D.responds to A.gone through

C.led to

答案 A

B.taken on D.showed off 解析 句意为:凡尔赛宫,法国的国宝,在它一个世纪的历史中,经历了许多变化却依然美丽。take on呈现,接纳;lead to导致;show off炫耀。go through经历,经受,此处注意动宾搭配,go through changes经历变化,符合语境,故选A项。

10.Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition,publications on classical Chinese literature are ________ a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,31)A.taking up

C.breaking up

答案 A 解析 句意为:得益于《中国诗词大会》节目的播出,有关中国经典文学的出版物占据了书店存储空间的重要位置。take up占据;divide up分割;break up解散;put up提出。根据句意可知,答案为A。

11.Friendship does not merely ________ a sharing of activities;it is a sharing of self on a very personal level.(2017·苏州调研,23)A.involve

C.associate

答案 A 解析 句意为:友谊并不仅仅包含一起参加活动;它还是一种从非常个人的角度对自我的分享。involve包含,需要,使成为必然部分(或结果),符合句意。request要求,请求;associate联系,联想;deliver递送,运送,发表(讲话),接生。

12.I think the experiment supports my theory,but I need to ________ the results a couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.(2017·苏州调研,27)A.get over

C.hand over

答案 D 解析 句意为:我认为这个实验支持我的理论,但是我需要仔细检查几次结果以确保在收集数据的时候没有犯错。go over仔细检查,温习,复习,符合句意。get over克服,战胜,恢复;take over接收,接管,控制;hand over交给,递给,移交。13.—I regret to tell you that the council did not ________ our plan.—Oh,what a shame!(2017·南京、盐城一模,29)A.smile on

C.see through

B.concentrate on D.live through B.take over D.go over B.request D.deliver B.dividing up D.putting up 答案 A 解析 句意为:——我遗憾地告诉你委员会不赞同我们的计划。——哦,真可惜!smile on对……加以称赞,对……青睐,符合句意。concentrate on专心于……,集中精力在……上;see through看穿,识破;live through经历过,经受住,经历……而幸存。

14.The computer program of the 1970s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers.(2017·南通一模,31)A.discriminate

C.negotiate

答案 A 解析 句意为:20世纪70年代的电脑程序无法区分字母和数字。discriminate歧视,区别,辨别;conclude断定,结束;negotiate协商,谈判;compensate弥补,补偿。discriminate between letters and numbers区分字母和数字,符合题意,故选A项。15.—He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.—Yes,but he didn’t ________.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,25)A.make his way

C.give his way

答案 B 解析 句意为:——他本可以对我们施加压力来采纳他的提议。——是的,但是他并没有为所欲为。make one’s way前进,行进;get one’s way随心所欲,为所欲为;没有give one’s way这种形式,只有give way to “给……让路,被……所取代”;feel one’s way摸索着前进。根据句意选B项。

16.A recent research shows smoking and drinking ________ with your body’s ability to process oxygen,thus greatly affecting your health.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,27)A.identify

C.combine

答案 D 解析 句意为:最近一项研究显示,吸烟和饮酒影响你身体吸收氧气的能力,从而极大地影响你的健康。identify确定;correspond对应;combine结合;interfere干扰。故选D。17.AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has ________ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,29)A.given off B.worked out C.set off D.put out 答案 C 解析 句意为:人工智能机器人阿尔法围棋以4:1打败围棋大师李世石引发了一场关于机器人是否将完全取代人类的国际争论。give off发出;work out算出;set off动身,引起;put out

B.correspond D.interfere B.get his way D.feel his way B.conclude D.compensate 熄灭。故选C。

18.In time of anger,do yourself a favor by ________ it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,25)A.releasing

C.refreshing

答案 A 解析 句意为:在气愤时心疼一下自己,找个僻静处散散心,宣泄宣泄,不要让那些无名之火伤到自己。release释放;recover恢复,再生;refresh恢复精神;recycle回收利用。19.You are not ________ to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.A.accustomed

C.entitled

答案 C 解析 句意为:如果你从来没有工作过的话,就没有资格享受失业救济金。accustom使习惯;resign辞职;submit屈服,投降。entitle使符合资格,entitle sb.to sth.使某人有……的资格或权利,符合语境,故选C项。

20.By applying the theory to the problem,we can brush away the details and ________ simple patterns.A.release

C.reveal

答案 C 解析 句意为:通过把这个理论应用于这个问题,我们能够去除细节,使简单的模式显现出来。release释放,发布;reject拒绝,排斥;replace代替。reveal显示,揭示,符合题意,故选C项。

B.reject D.replace B.resigned D.submitted B.recovering D.recycling

第三篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第2讲非谓语动词

第2讲 非谓语动词

1.Many Chinese brands,________ their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江苏,21)A.having developed

C.developed

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。“________their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语,修饰整个句子。句子主语many Chinese brands与动词develop之间是主动关系,且句中有延续性的时间状语over centuries,这里应该用现在分词的完成式表示主动和延续性的动作,因此选A。

2.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.(2017·北京,27)A.save

C.to save

答案 C 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们宝贵的时间。不定式短语to save their valuable time在句中作目的状语。

3.The national park has a large collection of wildlife,________ from butterflies to elephants.(2017·北京,30)A.ranging

C.to range

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作定语。句意为:国家公园有一大批野生生物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from...to...从„„到„„(的范围)。a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式。

4.Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time ____ with his students.(2017·北京,32)

B.range D.ranged B.saving D.saved

B.being developed D.developing A.to spend

C.spending

答案 D

B.spend D.spent

解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。time与spend之间是被动关系,故此处用过去分词形式。

5.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train ________.(2017·天津,10)A.catching

C.to catch

答案 C 解析 考查不定式作定语。句意为:整个会议期间,我一直在看时间,因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知,此处表示将要发生的动作,且catch与a train是动宾关系,故用动词不定式作定语,用主动形式表被动意义。

6.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,________ more patients to be treated.(2017·天津,14)A.being allowed

C.having allowed

答案 B 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为:医院最近获得了新的医疗设备,从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语,故选B项。

7.In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.(2016·江苏,28)A.to hide

C.hiding

答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意为:在艺术评论中,你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系,故要用过去分词作后置定语。

8.________ it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.(2016·北京,26)A.Made

C.Making

答案 D

B.Make D.To make B.hidden D.being hidden B.allowing D.allowed B.caught D.to be caught 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:为了更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好把这张名片卡放在手边。由本句话的后半句可知,make的逻辑主语为you,you与make之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,结合句意可知,非谓语动词在这里作目的状语,故选D。

9.________ over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京,28)A.Ordering

C.Having ordered

答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作状语。句意为:那些书一周前已经预定了,现在有望随时到货。order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故选D。

10.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,________ air conditioning unnecessary.(2016·天津,4)A.making

C.made

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为:凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要吹空调了。题中swept是谓语动词,所以make只能用非谓语动词形式;句子主语the cooling wind与make是主动关系,故用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。11.To return to the problem of water pollution,I’d like you to look at a study ________ in Australia in 2012.(2016·浙江,10)A.having conducted

C.conducting

答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为:为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知,句中没有连词,所以空处用非谓语动词,且 a study和 conduct 构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。12.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_______with students.(2016·浙江,19)A.working

C.to work

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为:航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。

B.work D.worked B.to be conducted D.conducted B.to make D.being made B.To order D.Ordered 题干中的do指代前面的have fun,have fun doing sth.做某事很开心,是固定搭配,故选A。13.Much time ________ sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015·江苏,24)A.being spent

C.spent

答案 C 解析 考查独立主格结构。句意为:长时间坐在办公桌前,办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

14.________ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015·天津,8)A.To work

C.To be working

答案 D 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:工作了两天后,史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。work与其逻辑主语Steve之间为主谓关系,故要用现在分词形式;同时work的动作发生在谓语动作managed to finish之前,故要用完成时。

15.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,________ whether to stay or leave.(2015·湖南,30)A.wondering

C.to wonder

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:那名店员看到一张友善的脸,脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹,这时她愣在了那里,琢磨着是走还是留。句子的主语she与wonder之间是主动关系,且wonder与主句动作stood是同时发生的,故用现在分词作伴随状语。16.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students________ what is bothering them.(2015·湖南,34)A.to talk over

C.talk over

答案 A 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:有时对我的同学来说我充当了听众的角色,以便与他们详细聊一聊正在困扰他们的事情。本句用动词不定式作目的状语。

B.talked over D.having talked over B.wonder D.wondered B.Worked D.Having worked B.having spent D.spending 17.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2015·重庆,11)A.used

C.using

答案 C 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:就像古时候的水手一样,鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境,use与其逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系,且use表示的动作与主句谓语动作find同时发生。故用v.-ing形式的一般式。

18.Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it __________ live is quite another.(2015·浙江,18)A.perform

C.to perform

答案 D 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系,且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐,故应用being performed作宾语补足语。

19.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother________ good care of at home.(2015·陕西,18)A.taking

C.take

答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作补足语。句意为:李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语可以是do,doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作发生的全过程,用省略to的动词不定式,即do;若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作正在进行,用doing;若宾语与补语之间是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系,故选B项。

20.________the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015·安徽,27)A.Ignore

B.Ignoring B.taken D.be taken B.performing D.being performed B.having used D.use C.Ignored

答案 B

D.Having ignored 解析 考查现在分词短语作主语。句意为:忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从will be one of the worst mistakes you make来看,will的前面部分是主语,因此用v.-ing短语作主语。分词的完成式不能作主语。

一、常考考点

1.在“句子,非句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语

The teacher devoted his life to his career,making most of his students successful in study.这位老师把他的一生都奉献给了他的事业,使他的大部分学生在学习上取得了成功。2.在“非句子,句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语 Having worked with children,I know what is needed most.和孩子一起工作后,我知道什么是最需要的。

3.在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词 With her baby sleeping on her back,the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.这位妇女在打扫富人的房子,她的孩子正睡在她的背上。

4.在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear...等使役动词或感官动词后面作宾语补足语时,也可能用非谓语动词

His sister was made to cry by his taking away her toy.他拿走了妹妹的玩具,把妹妹弄哭了。

二、易错点梳理

1.表面上考分词,实际上考形容词的情况 The man won a big prize,surprised and happy.他中了大奖,又惊喜又快乐。

句中surprised形式上是过去分词,但已转化为形容词,在句中作状语(或主语补足语)。2.在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题

Dressed in a white skirt,the girl looks like an angel.穿着白色裙子,这个女孩看上去像天使。

dressed是过去分词,但它没有被动的意思,而表示“穿着”这一主动意义。3.在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题

Looking tired and weak,the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.这位妇女看起来又累又虚弱,她应该请一天假去看医生。look在本题中为感官动词,感官动词在非谓语中用主动表被动。4.从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题

用逗号隔开的前后两部分的逻辑主语有时一致,有时不一致。逻辑主语不一致时,非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语,从而构成“分词的独立主格结构”。Seen from this angle,the mountain looks like a face of a man.从这个角度看,这座山看起来像一个人的脸。

Time permitting,I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.时间允许的话,明天下午我就和你一起去那里。

5.在“and/or/but+句子”的并列句结构中,可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句,四个选项表面上像非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。Study hard or you will fail in the exam.努力学习,否则你会考试不及格的。

1.Many natural disasters took place across the country,________ severe losses on people’s life and property.(2017·南通一模,28)A.to have brought

C.only to bring

答案 B 解析 句意为:很多自然灾害发生在全国各地,结果给人们的生命和财产带来了严重的损失。根据语境可知,设空处应为结果状语。only to do作结果状语时,表示出乎意料的结果,不符合本题语境;自然灾害的发生造成生命财产的损失是自然而然的结果,应用现在分词,故选B项。

2.“President Xi and Saudi Arabian King’s talks,” the spokesman continued,“ ________ to several hot issues,witness the friendship of the two countries.”(2017·华庚中学测试,31)A.refer

C.having referred

B.referring D.referred B.only bringing D.having brought 答案 B 解析 句意为:发言人继续说道,“习主席和沙特阿拉伯国王提及几个热点问题的会谈见证了两国的友谊。” 根据语境和句子结构可知,此处应是非谓语动词作定语修饰talks,talks与refer to...之间存在主动关系,用现在分词作定语,故选B项。

3.The Three-Body Problem has quickly become the best-selling Asian work of literature on Amazon.com,________ that China also has a successful science fiction scene.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考,29)A.proving

C.to be proved

答案 A 解析 句意为:《三体》迅速成为亚马逊网站上最畅销的亚洲文学作品,这证明中国也有成功的科幻小说。proving that...是现在分词短语作结果状语,其逻辑主语是前面的整个句子。故选A。

4.To the couple’s great surprise,the house was in a mess as if ________.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,23)A.breaking into

C.broken into

答案 C 解析 句意为:令这对夫妇非常吃惊的是,屋子里一片狼藉,仿佛被强行闯入过。分析句子成分可知,主语the house与break into之间为被动关系,即the house was in a mess as if(it was)broken into,故选C项。5.—What’s the matter with Tim? —Oh,Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally,never ________ again.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考,24)A.to find

C.finding

答案 B 解析 句意为:——Tim怎么了?——噢,他的手机不小心忘在出租车上,再也找不回来了。Tim’s cell phone和find之间是被动关系,且find的动作在谓语动词动作之后,故用动词不定式的一般被动式,故答案为B。

B.to be found D.being found B.having broken into D.being broken into B.to prove D.will prove 6.In a diverse society,one would expect ________ multiple interpretations of rights.(2017·启东中学月考,32)A.it being

C.there being

答案 D 解析 句意为:在一个多样化的社会,一个人总是期望对于权利有多种解释。此处考查的是expect一词的非谓语动词用法,即sb.expect sb.to do sth.以及其与there be句式的混合考法,即生成expect there to be的复合结构。故选D项。

7.The water was now two feet deep,making it difficult,if not impossible,________ the car out.(2017·南京九中模拟,22)A.getting

C.to get

答案 C 解析 句意为:水现在有两英尺深,即使有可能,也很难把汽车弄出来。动词不定式作真正的宾语,it是形式宾语,difficult是补足语,故答案为C。

8.Adapted versions of foreign shows have gained massive audiences,thus ________ more Chinese television groups to buy foreign materials.(2017·南京学情调研,28)A.to inspire

C.inspired

答案 B 解析 句意为:根据外国的节目改编的版本获得了大量的观众,从而激励更多的中国电视集团购买国外的素材。分析句子成分可知,逗号前面为主句,其后为非谓语动词作结果状语。结合句意以及thus可知空格处表示自然而然的结果,故选B项。

9.The white building,________ threats to pull it down,is now a private house in the possession of a retired professor.(2017·南通如皋联考,11)A.to survive

C.surviving

答案 D 解析 句意为:在险些被拆除后,那栋白色建筑现在是一位退休教授的私人房屋。根据句意可知,空格处为非谓语动词作时间状语。the white building与survive之间应为主动关系且

B.survived D.having survived B.inspiring D.having inspired B.got D.get B.it to be D.there to be survive先于句子谓语动作发生,故用现在分词的完成式作状语,相当于after引导的时间状语从句,故选D项。

10.Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the government,the rest ________ from the coming charity concerts.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,31)A.to be collected

C.being collected

答案 A 解析 句意为:大多数重建那个遭受地震破坏的城镇的钱已由政府募集,余下的将来自即将到来的慈善音乐会的募捐。根据句子结构可知,逗号后不能构成句子,应用独立主格结构。the rest与collect之间存在被动关系;根据the coming charity concerts可知,余下的钱将通过音乐会被募捐,应用动词不定式的被动结构,故选A项。

11.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices ________ in the world.(2017·镇江期末,28)A.heard

C.hearing

答案 A 解析 句意为:女性值得被有尊严地对待,她们应该让她们的呼声被世界听到。根据句子结构可知,空格处为宾补,make后常用不带to的不定式作宾补,排除D项;宾语voices与hear之间为被动关系,应用过去分词heard,故选A项。

12.A wise mother will never get herself into the state of her children ________ to the slightest possibility of danger.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,26)A.exposed

C.being exposed

答案 C 解析 句意为:明智的母亲决不会让她的孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。介词of后跟动名词作宾语,her children是动名词的逻辑主语,且her children和expose之间是被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,所以正确答案为C。

13.Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation,________ heart rate and oxygen consumption.(2017·南京三模,25)

B.exposing D.to be exposed B.having heard D.to be heard

B.having been collected D.to have been collected A.increasing

C.having increased

答案 A

B.to increase D.being increased 解析 句意为:笑会使心脏功能和血液循环产生短期的变化,增加心率和氧气的消耗。根据语境和句子结构可知,设空处应是非谓语动词作结果状语,increase带有宾语,为主动形式,此处应用现在分词表示自然而然的结果,故选A项。

14.—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?

—It implies that drug users find themselves ________ in a prison from which they cannot escape.(2017·苏州调研,28)A.to be trapped

C.trapped

答案 C 解析 句意为:——你能告诉我《加州旅馆》这首歌中的“你随时可以退房,但你永远无法离去”这句歌词是什么意思吗?——它暗示了吸毒者发现他们自己被困在了一个他们无法逃脱的监狱里。分析句子成分可知,themselves与trap之间为被动关系,故选C项。15.—Sharon,why is the man so upset now? —His wallet,mobile phone and ID card ________,the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,27)A.was stolen

C.being stolen

答案 B 解析 句意为:——Sharon,为什么那个人现在那么沮丧?——他的钱包、手机和身份证都被偷了,警察正在调查而且要把他送到社会救助站。根据句子结构可知,设空处所在部分为独立主格结构,his wallet,mobile phone and ID card与steal之间存在被动关系。being stolen表示正在被偷,与题意不符,应该是已经被偷了,故选B项。

16.________ a record-breaking seven Golden Globes,the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.(2017·南京、盐城二模,33)A.Winning

C.Having won

B.Won D.To win B.stolen D.having stolen B.having trapped D.trapping 答案 C 解析 句意为:在获得了破纪录的七个金球奖之后,音乐剧《爱乐之城》却出人意料地没有吸引中国的观众。根据句子结构可知,此处表示的动作先于句子谓语动作发生,即赢得奖项在先,不吸引中国观众在后。having won为现在分词的完成式,此处作时间状语,表示动作先于谓语动作发生,故选C项。

17.—What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director? —________ quite a lot of time with other people.(2017·苏北六市联考,29)A.Spending

C.To spend

答案 A 解析 句意为:——Nicky作为公共关系总监要做什么事呢?——花很多时间和别人在一起。第二个说话人针对问题中的what进行回答,空格处应用动名词短语,故选A项。

18.________ on the cyberspace issue in a speech at a welcoming dinner in Seattle,Xi Jinping called on all countries to cooperate and draw up Internet policies corresponding with their national conditions.(2016·苏州一模,26)A.Touched

C.Touch

答案 B 解析 句意为:在西雅图的欢迎宴会的讲话中习近平谈及网络空间的问题时,他号召所有国家合作制定与国情相符的网络政策。句子主语Xi Jinping与touch on(谈及,涉及)之间存在主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。

19.There are always some obstacles in the way,something ________ before we realize the real goal of education.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,26)A.to be got through B.got through C.getting through D.having been got through 答案 A 解析 句意为:总有一些障碍在挡路,一些我们实现真正的教育目标前需要克服的东西。根据句子结构可知,这里需要非谓语动词作定语修饰something,get through意为“克服”,B.Touching D.To touch B.Having spent D.To have spent something与get through间为被动关系;根据句意可知,“实现真正的教育目标”是将来的事,因此“需要克服的东西”也在将来,故选A。

20.—A new bridge is reported ________ across the river in your hometown.—Yes,and it brings us great convenience.A.to be building

C.to have built

答案 D 解析 句意为:——据报道一座新桥已经被建造在你家乡的那条河上。——是的,它给我们带来很大的便利。根据答句的时态可知,桥已经被建造好,故设空处应用完成式,又因为bridge与build之间是动宾关系,故应用动词不定式的完成被动式。故选D项。

B.to be built D.to have been built

第四篇:2014高三英语一轮语法练习(6)动词的时态和语态范文

(6)动词的时态和语态

1.(2012·唐山质检)—What's that terrible noise,David?

—Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machines in the nearby plant________.A.were testedB.will be tested

C.are being testedD.have been tested

2.(2012·烟台检测)The attackers were arrested and didn't know where they________.A.would takeB.are taken

C.were being takenD.will be taken

3.(2012·南京调研)People begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessary measures for preventing them________ taken in the past.A.are notB.were not

C.hadn't beenD.wouldn't be

4.(2012·淮阳检测)—Monitor?

—I'm not monitor of our class.I________ with the teacher until the monitor is elected.A.will just helpB.am just to help

C.am just helpingD.have just helped

5.(2012·南京检测)—I hear you________ at Smith's.—Yes,I________ there for about three months.A.work;had been working

B.worked;was working

C.are working;have been working

D.worked;have worked

6.(2012·徐州调研)—Why didn't you come to the cinema with us last Saturday?

—Oh,sorry.But I________ the film.A.seeB.saw

C.have seenD.had seen

7.A big step ________ to strengthen China health care systems since we launched an effort in 2008.A.has been takenB.is being taken

C.was takenD.had been taken

8.(2012·汕头模拟)I have been on diet for months and next time you see me,I ________ five pounds.A.will have lostB.will lose

C.have lostD.am losing

9.(2012·启东模拟)—Are you going to further your studies after graduation?

—Well,I________ yet.I might make some other choices.A.didn't decideB.haven't decided

C.don't decideD.hadn't decided

10.(2012·信阳质检)Mary,I should tell you it is the third time that you________ your homework.A.forgot to doB.forgot doingC.have forgotten to doD.had forgotten doing

11.—We thought he would have won the game.—What a pity!He ________ too nervous when playing.A.had beenB.has been

C.wasD.would have been

12.(2012·长春质检)—When did you move to Sanya?

—In 2008.But I________ in Tibet for 8 years.A.has workedB.has been worked

C.have been workingD.worked

13.—Can you give some advice on what I said just now?

—Sorry.My mind ________.A.is wanderingB.was wandering

C.has wanderedD.has wandered

14.(2012·荆门二模)—Look!What a mistake!Why?

—Sorry,I________ on it.A.don't concentrate

B.hadn't concentrated

C.haven't been concentrating

D.wasn't concentrating

15.(2012·大连二模)After moving for a while, the driver realized that he ________ in the wrong direction.A.is drivingB.was driving

C.droveD.would drive

16.(2012·南京调研)—Jim, can you get in touch with Peter?

—I'm sorry, but I ________ his telephone number.A.don't knowB.didn't know

C.haven't knowD.won't know

17.—That must have been a challenging examination.—Yes.It ________ me half a year to get ready for it.A.takesB.took

C.has takenD.was taking

18.(2012·漳州模拟)—Mike left the airport two minutes ago.—Oh, can you tell me when he ________ home?

A.getsB.will get

C.gotD.has got

19.(2012·淮阳月考)With the sharp drop of the share prices all around the world, some economists predicted that the second economic crisis ________ soon.A.cameB.has come

C.would comeD.had come

20.(2012·深圳调研)The famous writer ________ in a coal mine for 15 years.When he was 36, a person was to change his life.A.has workedB.had worked

C.workedD.works解析:考查动词的时态。根据问句中的What's that terrible noise 可知,这里应该用进行时态,噪音是机器正在被检测时发出的,所以用现在进行时的被动语态。

答案:C解析:句意为:袭击者被捕了,他们不知道正被带往何处。根据didn't know 可知,空格处也应该用过去的某种时态,所以B、D不正确;根据句意可知此处用被动语态,故选C。

答案:C解析:句意为:人们开始了解到由于在过去没有采取必要的预防措施从而造成了大多数的环境问题。in the past暗示出用过去时态;hadn't been 指在一个过去的动作或时间之前发生的事情;wouldn't be 表过去将来,故B项正确。

答案:B解析:考查时态。下句意为:我只是在帮助老师,直到选出班长为止。根据上下句语意可知,此处用现在进行时,表示答话者当时所处的状态。

答案:C解析:本题考查时态。听说你正在Smith's 上班,因此应该使用现在进行时态;我在那里已经工作大约三个月了(可能还会持续下去),因此需要使用现在完成进行时态。

答案:C解析:考查动词的时态。由语意可知,这个电影在上周六(last Saturday)之前就已经看过了,也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”,因此应该用过去完成时。

答案:D解析:考查时态。since(自从)所在的从句用了一般过去时,主句一般用现在完成时。

答案:A解析:本题考查动词时态。句意为:我已经减肥好几个月了,等下次再见我时,我就会轻五磅。根据语境知句子要用将来完成时,故A项正确。

答案:A解析:本题考查动词时态。从答语:也许还有别的打算可知,目前还没有做出决定,故用现在完成时。答案:B解析:考查时态和非谓语动词。“It is(was)the+序数词+time+that从句”,表示“是某人第几次做某事”,在此句型中,若前面为it is,则that 从句用现在完成时,若前面为it was,则that 从句用过去完成时;而forget to do sth.表示忘了应去做某事,forget doing sth.表示忘了已做过某事。根据语意可知此题应选C。

答案:C解析:考查动词时态。句意为:他当时太紧张了。答语是对过去事实的陈述,用一般过去时。答案:C解析:考查时态。由题干可知答话人在2008年搬到三亚之前曾在西藏工作过8年,叙述的是过去的事实,故应用一般过去时。

答案:D解析:考查动词的时态。从语境可知“刚才你说话的时候,我走神了”,此处强调“过去某个时刻正在进行”的状态,所以用过去进行时,答案选B项。

答案:B解析:考查时态。此处表示的是在说话之前的那段时间内没有专心,因此用过去进行时。

答案:D解析:考查时态。用过去进行时态表示过去某段时间正在发生的事情。司机意识到他正开往错误的方向。

答案:B解析:考查时态。此处强调目前的状况,故用一般现在时态。

答案:A解析:考查时态。句中的must have been表示的是对过去情况的肯定推测,可推断考试发生在过去,故用一般过去时态。

答案:B解析:考查时态。when引导一个宾语从句,根据语意可知此处讲的是将来的事情,故用一般将来时态。

答案:B解析:考查时态。根据时间状语soon可知此处用将来时态,本句的主句谓语动词为一般过去时态,故此处应用过去将来时态。

答案:C解析:考查动词的时态。根据语意可以判断此处描述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时态。此处不强调一个动作对另一个动作的影响或动作的先后顺序,不用过去完成时。

答案:C

第五篇:2012届高考英语 全国通用考前冲刺押题语法专题系列动词时态和语态

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名师押题:

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

【押题1】With our society developing,the level of life in our eountry greatly recently.

A.has been rose B.has been raised C.had rose D.rose 【解题指导】此题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别之一:时间状语不同。一般过去时,常与表示过去时间点的词连用(表示过去某时发生的动作);而现在完成时常与表在造成的影响或结果。因此解题的关键是:结合句意判断这个动作有无影响。

【押题指数】★★★★

【解析】A。过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响就隐藏在句中:How clean they ale!也就是说你的打扫使得房间清洁,强调”你的打扫”的影响和结果,故用现在完成时。

【押题3】一I haven“seen you for ages.Haven’t you graduated from college?一Yes,——English four’years in Seijing.

A.study B.have studied C.am studying D.studied 【解题指导】此题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别之三:过去时与一段时间连用表示动作没有持续到现在;而现在完成时与一段时间连用表示动作持续到了现在。结合句意判断动作是否持续到现在是解题的根本所在。【押题指数】★★★★

【解析】D。“Yes”表明“已经毕业”,也就是说,“已不在北京学习”,即动作没有持续到现在,故用一般过去时。

一般过去时与过去进行时的区别

一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。近三年全国各地区考查一般过去时与过去进行时的区别的题目有10道。

【押题4】I had wanted to help you last night but I couldn’t spare my time,for I

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http://www.xiexiebang.com a composition which I had to hand in this morning.

A.wrote B.was writing C.had written D.have’written 【解题指导】结合句意判断动作是否完成是解题的关键。【押题指数】★★★★

【解析】B。结合句意”我昨晚想帮你可是抽不出时间,因为昨晚我在写一篇作文,这

合考查的。如2010年全国有6个地区考查了被动语态的用法。

【押题6】Clothes made of this material comfortably,but easily. A.wear;aren’t washed B.are’worn;don’t wash C.wear;don’t wash D.are worn;aren’t washed 【解题指导】考生要弄清何时用主动形式表被动意义:

1.表示感觉、感官的系动词后跟形容词时。

2.某些动词,如sell,write,wash与副词连用,表示事物的特征时。

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3.want,need,require表示”需要”时,其后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义。几种将来时间表达法的区别

近三年全国各地区考查将来时间表达法比较的题目多达9道。如2009年江苏卷考查了will be going to表将来的用法区别。【押题8】Whatever may happen,go on until you succeed,and you what life is about. A.should know B.must know C.have known D.will know 【解题指导】考生应弄清以下几种将来时间表达法的区别:

1.现在进行时表将来,表示最近按计划或安排要发生的动作,仅用于少数短暂性动词。2.一般现在时表将来:在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。

3.在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,and/or后的句子用”will+动词原形”。解题时,考生首先要弄清每一种”将来时间表达法”的适用情境,然后结合语境作出判断。【押题指数】★★★

【解析】D。此句符合”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构,其中and/or后的句子用”will+动词原形”,故答案为D。

【押题9】一Did you tell Julia about the result? 一Oh,I forgot.her now.

A.called B.will call C.ain going to call D.has called 【解题指导】解题的关键是弄清will,be going to表将来的区别:如果主语的意图事

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2、(2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语)I can’t believe that you got fined for speeding.I ______ of you as a careful driver.A.think B.am thinking C.thought D.have thought 【答案】C 【解析】 考查时态。句意:我难以相信你会因为超速行驶被罚款。我本以为你是一个谨慎的司机。由句意可知,“认为”这一动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时,thought 表示“本以为”。

3、(北京市东城区2012届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语)If you ring the doorbell when visiting our home, you ______ by our dog.A.will be greeted B.will greet C.were greeted 【答案】A D.greeted 【解析】 考查时态和语态。句意:你来我家如果按响门铃,我家的狗会迎接你的。在条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表示将来,主句用一般将来时。来拜访应该是被迎

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5、—Excuse me.but I wonder if Joan is available at 3:30 this afternoon.—I’m afraid she _____________ Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone.A.will watch B.will be watching C.is to watch D.is watching 【答案】 B 【解析】考查时态。根据问话中的this afternoon可知是将来的时间,语意表示在三点半这个时刻Joan将正在看《哈利波特与魔法石》,所以用将来进行时。

6、.—I________the book till now.—No worry.You may have left it at home.A.hadn’t found B.don’t find C.won’t find D.haven’t found 【答案】 D 【解析】考查动词的时态。由句中的till now可知,此处应该用现在完成时,表示“我的书到现在都没找到”,所以答案选D项。

7、—Thank you for your coffee.—But you_______ it.A.didn’t drink B.aren’t drinking C.don’t drink D.hadn’t drunk 【答案】 A 【解析】考查时态。语意:“谢谢你的咖啡。”“但你(刚才)并没有喝。”根据语意可知空处表示的是过去发生的动作,所以用一般过去时。

8、(山东省潍坊东营淄博滨州四市2012届高三联考英语)—What do you think of the Eiffel Tower? —Splendid.When I was in France, I ______ it.A.have visited C.could visit B.had visited D.visited 【答案】D 【解析】 考查时态。根据答句“当我在法国的时候,我去参观了”可知去参观是发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时,即D项正确。

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9、Traffic conditions in Beijing___________ for decades.At first people only complained about jams during rush hours,but today every hour is rush hour. A.is worsening B.have worsened C.have been worsening D.worsened 【答案】 C 【解析】考查时态。句意:北京的交通状况几十年来一直在恶化。起初,人们只是抱怨交通高峰期的堵塞,但是如今每个小时都是高峰期。现在完成进行时表示这种状态从过去一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续下去。

10、By the time he realizes the mistake he ______,it will be too late for him to do anything about it.A.has made B.made C.makes D.will make 【答案】 A 【解析】考查时态。句意为“在他意识到他所犯的错误的时候,再采取任何措施已经为时已晚”。显然,在他意识到犯错误的时候,他已经犯下错误,因此应用现在完成时。

11、I wonder why Ann didn't get ____ the job.She is the right person for it.A. to be offered B.to offer C.offering D.offered 【答案】D 【解析】考查语意:我不知道为什么 Ann 没有被提供给这份工作,她是合适的人选。get done 表示被动,Ann 与 offer 之间是动宾关系。故选D项。

12、—Your spoken English is so good.Have you been abroad? —Yes: I ____ in London for two years.A.have stayed B.stayed C.had stayed D.have been staying 【答案】B

14、—Have you been teaching here since graduation? —No, I ____ on a farm for 5 years.A.had worked B.have worked C.was working D.worked

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http://www.xiexiebang.com 【答案】 D 【解析】考查时态。因为在农场工作五年没有明显的截止时间界限,所以属于持续了一段时间的过去存在的状态,要用一般过去时。

15、—Monitor? —I’m not monitor of our class.I____ with the teacher until the monitor is elected.A.will just help B.am just helping C.am just to help D.have just helped 【答案】 B 【解析】考查时态。从“我不是我们班的班长”可知,后边的句子意思为“我只是暂时帮老师的忙直到班长被选出”。根据句意,此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作,应该用现在进行时。

16、With the country's population reaching 1.6 billion in the mid of this century, most of China's rivers, including the Yellow River, ____.A.is drying up B.will be drying up C.dry up D.have dried up 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。根据句中的时间状语 in the mid of this century 再结合语意可知本题应该使用将来进行时表示在将来某一段时间内发生的变化。

17、—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? —No, but we ____ to get in touch with them ever since.A.have tried B.have been trying C.had tried D.had been trying 【答案】B

19、Please do me a favor —____ my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.A.to invite B.inviting C.invite D.invited 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子结构。根据语意及句中破折号可知后面的部分是一个祈使句,应该用动词原形。

亿库教育网

http://www.xiexiebang.com

亿库教育网

http://www.xiexiebang.com

http://www.xiexiebang.com

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