2015高考英语复习 2014高三真题_动词时态与语态解析

第一篇：2015高考英语复习 2014高三真题_动词时态与语态解析

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2014全国高考汇编之动词时态与语态

一（2014安徽卷）23．The twins, Whotheir homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A.will finishB.finishC.have finishedD.had finished

考点】考察时态【答案】D【解析】句义：已经完成了他们的家庭作业，这对双胞胎被允许在操场上打羽毛球。根据句义可知他们完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球之前。而他们被允许打羽毛球已经使用了一般过去时，所以完成作业应该使用过去完成时。故D正确。

【举一反三】---Peter, do you know who____ my dictionary ?A.has taken awayB.was taking away

---Sorry , I don’t know.I didn’t do it.C.had taken awayD.is taking away

【答案】A试题分析：句意：--皮特，你知道谁把我的字典拿走了吗？--对不起，我不知道，我没有拿。这里拿走发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，不知在什么地方，故用现在完成时。

二（2014北京卷）22.---Hi, let’s go skating.A.fillB.have filled---Sorry, I’m busy right now.I ___ in an application form for a new job.C.am fillingD.will fill

【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】句意：—喂，我们五滑冰吧！—对不起，我现在很忙，我正在填写一份新的工作申请表。根据句意可知本句是在叙述说话时正在进行，正在发生的事情，所以使用现在进行时。故C正确。【试题延伸】时态题的考查关键是抓住句子的上下文含义和句中的时间状语。要根据时间状语来选择合适的时态，在平时的学习中要注意积累有关时态的用法和各种时态的特殊之处。

【举一反三】——I hear youin a pub.what’s it like?A.are workingB.will work

——Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.C.were workingD.will be working

【答案】A【考点】考查动词的时态。【解析】句意为“——我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？——咳，这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。”对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A。

三（2014北京卷）23.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.A.byB.inC.forD.until

【考点】考察将来时和介词使用【答案】B

【解析】本题的关键是the train to the airport leaves火车将要离开；在这句话里使用了一般现在时代替将来时，表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。实际上本句是一个将来时，四个选项里只有“in+一段时间”可以和将来时连用。句意：Jane很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。故B正确。

四（2014北京卷）31.---What time is it?A.checkB.checked---I have no idea.But just a minute, I ______ it for you.C.will checkD.would check

【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是will的一个特殊用法。句意：—现在几点了？—我不知道。可是请你稍等，我现在就帮你看一下。根据句意可知不可能是过去发生的事情，排除BD项。我为你去看时间属于将要发生的事情，所以使用will表示临时决定要做某事。故C正确。

五（2014北京卷）32.I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.A.startedB.was startingC.would startD.had started

【考点】考察时态【答案】D【解析】句意：我发现这个报告很难懂，因为当我到的时候，它已经开始了。根据句意可知这个报告是在我到达之前就开始看，而句中我到达使用了arrived，而报告是在这之前发生的，所以使用过去完成时。故D正确。

【举一反三】—Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?

—We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.A.wereB.have beenC.had beenD.will be

〖答案〗C.〖考点〗考查时态题.〖解析〗我们去海边发生在过去.而我们忙于工作在此之前.因此用过去完成时.六（2014大纲卷）22.Unless extra money____, the theatre will close.A.was foundB.findsC.is foundD.found

【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是时态。句义：除非找到另外的投资，否则这个电

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影院就监视被关闭。本句中Unless引导的是一个条件状语从句，使用一般现在时代替将来时，后面的主句

使用将来时。根据句义可知mony和find构成被动关系，所以也要使用被动语态。故C正确。

七（2014大纲卷）32.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______ them since.A.seesB.sawC.has seenD.had seen

【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】句义：这些报告在2012年就不见了，从那以后没有人看见过它

们。本句的关键词是since自从那时。根据句义可知是指自从2012年这些文件不见是开始，到现在为止没

有人看见。Since经常和现在完成时连用的。故C正确。

【举一反三】—The window is dirty.A.hasn’t cleanedB.didn’t clean

— I know.It ________ for weeks.C.wasn’t cleanedD.hasn’t been cleaned

〖答案〗D〖考点〗该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。

〖解析〗关键词for weeks, 考虑现在完成时, 表示到目前为止的结果, 好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是

被动关系, 故被动语态。句意；“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。”注：由终止性动词leave, arrive,come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或

since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如：I haven’t met him

for two years.八（2014福建卷）23.—Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you been?A.stayedB.stay

—I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.C.had stayedD.am staying

【考点】考察时态【答案】A

【解析】句义：—很久没有看见你了！你到哪里去了？—我去了宁夏，并在那里待了一年时间，作教书的志愿者。本句只是叙述我过去在宁夏待了一年，没有强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。而且也没有持续

到现在，因为我已经回来了。所以不需要使用完成时，使用一般过去时陈述事实即可。故A正确。

【举一反三】----Where_____the recorder ?I can not see it anywhere.-----I_____it right here.But now it is gone!

A.did you put,have putB.have you put, putC.had you put,was puttingD.were you putting,have put

【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：考查时态。句意：—你把录音机放在什么地方了？我找不到。—我就放

在这儿。但是现在不见了。根据句意说明第一空询问的是过去发生的事情对现在的影响，故使用现在完成时。第二空就是陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故B正确。

九（2014湖南卷）28.Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more

beautiful.A.tryB.have been tryingC.are tryingD.will try

【考点】考察时态【答案】B【解析】本题考察时态，关键词是since….自从…；since引导的从句经

常要和现在完成时以及现在完成进行时连用。句义：自从人类开始搞园艺活动到现在，我们一直都在让我们的环境更美丽。本句使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的持续性和反复性。故B正确。

【试题延伸】关键是抓住句子的上下文含义和句中的时间状语。要根据时间状语来选择合适的时态，在平

时的学习中要注意积累有关时态的用法和各种时态的特殊之处。如since，so far等经常与现在完成时连用。在条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时等等。

【举一反三】He_____ articles for our wall-newspaper these years, and he____ about thirty articles.A.has written;wrote B.has been writing;wroteC.is writing;has been writing D.has been writing;has written

【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：第一个空表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能持

续下去，故用现在完成进行时；第二个空表示自过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历，用现在完成时。

十（2014湖南卷）34.Whenever you, a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of

view.A.bought B.have boughtC.will buy D.buy

【考点】考察时态【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是时态。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，通常

使用一般现在时代替将来时，后面的主句通常使用将来时。句义：无论何时你购买礼物的时候，你都应该

从接受者的角度来考虑问题。故D正确。

【举一反三】Frank_____ London by train which ____ at 8:30 next morning.A.is leaving for;will leaveB.is leaving for;leavesC.will leave for;will leaveD.leaves for;leaves

【答案】B试题分析：考查将来时的表达法。现在进行时代替将来时表示按照计划安排要发生的事情。

用一般现在时代替将来时表示按照机场，车站的时间表要发生的事情。本题第一空是指按照安排要发生的事情，第二空指按照时刻表要发生的事情。故B正确。

十一（2014江苏卷）23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?

—Well, the media ________ _________it in a variety of forms.A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered

【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】句意：—你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？—很好，媒

体以多种形式对青奥会举行了报道。根据本句中的well，可知后者对青奥会很了解。这主要是因为媒体多

种形式的报道，本句使用现在完成时体现出过去所发生的事情对现在的影响。故C正确。

【试题延伸】动词时态是高考的热点，英语的时态多，又很复杂，现在的高考不是纯粹考时态的问题，而

是把它们放在一定的语言环境里，让考生根据特定的环境来确定答案。

【举一反三】---Peter, do you know who____ my dictionary ?A.has taken awayB.was taking away

---Sorry , I don’t know.I didn’t do it.C.had taken awayD.is taking away

【答案】A试题分析：句意：--皮特，你知道谁把我的字典拿走了吗？--对不起，我不知道，我没有拿。这里拿走发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，不知在什么地方，故用现在完成时。

十二（2014江西卷）----Tony , why are your eyes red ?A.cutB.was cutting

---I __ up peppers for the last five minutes.C.had cutD.have been cutting

【考点】考察时态【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是现在完成进行时。句义：—Tony，为什么你的眼

睛那么红啊？—在过去的的5分钟里，我一直都在切辣椒。根据句义可知本句表示在过去的一段时间里一

直都在做某事，所以使用现在完成进行时表示动作的持续性和反复性。故D正确。

【举一反三】---We've spent too much money recently.---Well，it isn't surprising.Our friends and relatives ______ around all the time.A.are comingB.had comeC.were comingD.have been coming

【答案】D试题分析：考查时态：句意:--最近我们花了很多钱。--不奇怪。我们的朋友和亲戚一直过来。可知最近一段时间一直有亲戚朋友来，用现在完成进行时。选D。

十三（2014山东卷）1.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______.A.will expectB.are expectingC.expectD.had expected

【答案】D【解析】本题考察的时态。句义：手工写下所有的邀请函要比我们预料的花去更多的时间。根据句义可知我们预料是在实际上写之前发生的，而本句中实际写花去的时间使用了过去时was，所以

expect使用过去完成时。故D正确。【试题延伸】时态题的考察要特别注意动词发生的先后顺序，尤其是

现在完成时或者过去完成时，这一点特别明显。

【举一反三】-----We didn’t find Smith attending the lecture.A.told;there to beB.had told;there to be

------No one _____ him about ______ a lecture the following day.C.told;there wasD.had told;there being

【答案】D【解析】考查时态和非谓语。根据前面一句可知told动作发生在didn’t find之前，故用过去

完成时;而about是个介词，故后面应用there being.十四（2014山东卷）5.They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.A.boughtB.would buyC.have boughtD.had bought

【考点】考察时态【答案】B【解析】本题考察的是时态。句义：他们决定，一旦larry 换了工作，他们就买一个新房子。本句中的would表示的是过去将来时。他们是在过去决定一个将要发生的事情，所

以使用过去将来时。故B正确。

十五（2014陕西卷）22.During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________,A.would recommendB.had recommendedC.have recommendedD.were recommending

【考点】考察时态【答案】B【解析】句义：在Jerry待在西安期间，他尝试了他的朋友向他推荐的几乎所有的食物。根据句义可知他的朋友向他推荐食物是在Jeery尝试的食物之前，句中已经使用了

tried，所以推荐使用过去完成时。故B正确。

十六（2014四川卷）9.She ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A.phonedB.had phonedC.was phoningD.has phoned

【考点】考察上下文语境时态【答案】C【解析】句意：她正在和一个人打电话，于是我向她点了下头便走了。根据后句I nodded to her and went away“我只向她点了下头”说明她正在打电话。所以使用过去进行时表示在过去某个时间正在进行的事情。故C正确。

【举一反三】I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through.Her brother ______ on the phone all the time.A.has been talkingB.was talkingC.has talkedD.talked

【答案】B试题分析：考查时态：句意：我昨天晚上给汉娜打了几次电话，但一直打不通，他弟弟一直在打电话，说明是昨天晚上我打电话的时候，她的弟弟一直在打电话.用过去进行时，选B。

十七（2014天津卷）11.We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.A.are being madeB.will be madeC.have been madeD.had been made

【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】通常说来, 在时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，前面的主句中使用将来时。在高中英语中也使用现在完成时代替将来时，表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。句义：直到所有的准备工作都做好以后，我们才开始工作。故C正确。

十八（2014浙江卷）11.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests before.A.has seenB.had seenC.sawD.would see

【考点】考察时态【答案】B【解析】句意：Sofia回顾四周所有的脸庞，她有印象她之前见过大部分的客人。根据句意可知她见过这么多的客人是在她拥有这个印象之前发生的事情，本句中had说明看见这么多客人应该使用过去完成时。故B正确。

【举一反三】-----We didn’t find Smith attending the lecture.A.told;there to beB.had told;there to be------No one _____ him about _____ a lecture the following day.C.told;there wasD.had told;there being

【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和非谓语。根据前面一句可知told动作发生在didn’t find之前，故用过去完成时;而about是个介词，故后面应用there being.十九（2014重庆卷）4.You’d better write down her phone number before you ___ it.A.forgetB.are forgettingC.forgotD.will gorget

【考点】考察时态【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是时态题中的一个常考的用法。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常常使用一般现在时代替将来时。本句中的连词before引导的就是一个时间状语从句，所以使用一般现在时代替将来时。句意：在你忘记之前最好把他的电话号码写下来。故A正确。

【举一反三】The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people_______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A.persuadeB.will persuadeC.be persuadedD.are persuaded

【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。在条件句和时间状语从句中，使用一般现在时代替将来时，主语用将来时。而且人们是被说服吃更多的水果和蔬菜。故D正确。

二十（2014重庆卷）8.James has just arrived, but I didn’t knowhe ___until yesterday.A.will comeB.was comingC.had come D.came

【考点】考察时态【答案】B【解析】本题考察的是过去进行时表示过去将来时的用法。当表示事先计划好的，安排好的要发生的事情，且谓语动词是一些表示位置变化的动词，如：leave, come等的时候，可以使用进行时表示将来时。句意：James已经到了，但是知道昨天我才知道他要来。根据句意可知他要来这里是计划好的事情，且动词come表示的是位置变化。故B正确。

【举一反三】The moment ____ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously.A.cameB.has comeC.was comingD.is coming

【答案】D【解析】本题考查时态。【解析】根据soon可知为将来的事情，且是直接引语，应为现在，所以选D，进行时态表将来。动词的时态 现在进行时态表将来。

第二篇：高三英语语法复习教案-动词时态语态

高三英语语法复习教案-动词时态语态 【时态的基本概念】

时态是表示谓语动作时间概念的动词形式。英语中的时态专指谓语动词而言，不同时间概念的谓语动作有不同的时态，每一个时态又有各自不同的动词形式。高中阶段要求学生熟练掌握八种时态，此外现在完成进行时在高中教材中反复出现，也应列入“应知应会”的范围。

1.一般现在时：经常发生的动作或规律性的动作。

Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food.(P.2, Senior Book1B)The moon travels round the earth once every month.(P.8, Senior Book2B)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的概念。引起时间状语从句的连词有：when, after, before, until, as soon as；引起条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless;so(as)long as。

I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free.(P.52, Senior Book1A)2.一般过去时：过去发生过了的动作，这个动作的全过程已经结束。诸如yesterday, last… …ago都是典型的一般过去时的时间状语。

Fortunately, I was in time for the interview.(P.34, Senior Book2B)The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could.(P.34, Senior Book2B)3.一般将来时：将要发生的动作。----It's a bit windy today, isn't it?----Yes, it is.Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.(P.43, senior Book2B)Besides, you will not find coral near the mouths of rivers either because the river water has too much soil in it or because it is polluted.(P.20, Senior Book2B)Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built?(P.24, Senior Book2B)4.现在进行时：说话时正在发生的动作。

I'm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.I'm trying to find the name of a famous person.Can you help me?(P.1, Senior Book2B)现在进行时同always配合使用时，带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。

They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating.(P.3, Senior Book1B)5.过去进行时:过去某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。

He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat.(P.32, Senior Book2B)Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.(P.6, Senior Book1B)6.现在完成时：与现在有联系的过去的动作。

Mr.Ball has just called on Mrs.Zhu to give her a message.(P.13, Senior Book2B)同现在的联系是：“刚刚探访了朱夫人，给她带了口信”，这件事距现在时间很近，没有多长时间。

We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you.(P.19, Senior Book1B)同现在的联系是：现在你们已经知道有关她的经历，不会影响做出决定。

7.过去完成时：比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来，有时通过上下文暗示。Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money.(P.14, Senior Book2B)本句中had left her a lot of money 发生在her parents were dead之前，比较容易看出“过去的过去”，应该不会产生理解上的困难。

Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt music as a young boy.(P.3, Senior Book2B)课文一直在叙述爱因斯坦的经历、成就，使用的都是一般过去时。或者我们可以说一般过去时是课文的基础时态。课文的最后又倒叙爱因斯坦少年时代的事情，这是比基础时态一般过去时更早的动作，因此两个并列的谓语动词都用过去完成时。在这类句子中，作为参照的动作或时间需要我们通过对文章的整体理解才能体会出来。

8.过去将来时：以过去某一时间为参照，将要发生的动作。在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求，经常会用到过去将来时。

I thought it was going to be fun.(P.54, Senior Book1A)针对 I thought 这个过去的动作而言的将来。

9.现在完成进行时： 由过去开始，延续到现在并且可能继续进行的动作。现在完成进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“一直┉”。

People have been talking of it a lot recently.(P.25, Senior Book2B)最近人们一直在大量地谈论这件事。

Pippa's parents have been waiting for them.(P.61, Senior Book2A)Pippa的父母一直在等他们。

For years we have been dreaming better housing and jobs.(P.37, Senior Book2B)多年来我们一直梦想着更好的住房和工作。【相关知识及运用】

1.一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别。

上述三个时态在使用中容易混淆是因为他们有相近的地方，这个相近之处就是“过去”。现在完成时和过去完成时的概念都同“过去”有关，彼此之间的混淆便由此产生。只有抓住他们的不同，才能熟练地将这三种时态区别开。①一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。

In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge.(P.56, Senior Book2B)向读者陈述1775年所发生的故事的地点、人物等有关信息。②现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况： a)过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。

----Would you go to see the film with me this evening?----Sorry, I have seen it before.have seen the film的动作肯定发生在过去，对现在的影响是“我不想和你去看了”。b)过去的动作延续到现在。表示这种延续时经常会用到for、since一类时间状语。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university.(从毕业一直延续到现在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years.(20年前发生的 “live”，一直延续到现在)③过去完成时必须有一个过去的动作作为参照点，由此发生了同一般过去时混淆的问题。过去完成时是一种相对的时态，它必须有一个过去的动作为参照，比这个过去的参照动作更早的动作才能用过去完成时。如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过去完成时，即使是一亿年前的动作也是一般过去时。

When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.got to the cinema是过去的动作，had begun则发生在got to the cinema 之前。进行时态的两种概念

现在进行时和过去进行时都具有两种不同的时间概念：瞬间概念和阶段概念。

①现在进行时的瞬间概念就是“说话的时候”。表示瞬间概念时，现在进行时的时态特点是，动作已经开始，正在过程中，但尚未结束。

基于这一特点，下列句子通常用现在进行时，以表达动作没有结束。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.I'm getting on well with my English.过去进行时的瞬间概念通常用表示“点时间”的时间状语表达出来。I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.②阶段概念的时间状语是“段时间”，表示在一段时间内一直在做的动作，至于动作是否结束则不是说话者所关心的。

He is writing a new novel these days.这些天他一直在写一本新小说。（没有干其他的事情）The workers were building a bridge last year.这些工人们去年一直在修建一座桥。2.将来时的五种动词形式

1.will(shall)+动词原形，用以表示“预见”和“主观意图” Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side.(P1, Senior Book2A)（表示“预见”）

Let's go together then.I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty.(P.19, Senior Book2A)

(表示“主观意图)2.be going to + 动词原形，用以表示”打算做某事“或”已经有迹象将要发生的情况。I'm going to cut this tree down.(P.25, Senior Book1B)It is going to rain.(有迹象表明将要下雨)3.be to +动词原形，用以表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止。

The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.(P.33, Senior Book2B)4.will be doing，在当代英语中用以表示纯粹的将来。Who will be taking over her job? Everybody else will be wearing jewellery.(P.13, Senior Book1B)5.用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。这种用法通常仅限于瞬间动词，因为瞬间动词不可能有“进行”的概念，所以不会产生歧义。

How many of you are making the trip?(P.9, Senior Book1B)Is anybody seeing you off?(P.13 Senior Book1A)

【语态的基本概念】 语态是表示主语、谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式。在英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。

主动语态所表达的主、谓、宾之间的关系是：主语发出或执行谓语动作，谓语动作的对象或承受者为宾语。即主语同谓语具有语意上的逻辑关系，谓语同宾语具有语意上的逻辑关系。被动语态所表达的关系是：动作的承受者做句子的主语，这时句子的主语和谓语之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.(P.8, Senior Book2B)谓语动词use同主语satellites for broadcasting具有逻辑动宾关系，因此使用被动语态。我们可以将这个句子恢复成正常的主、谓、宾关系：

We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.【相关知识及运用】

1.被动语态的动词形式问题： 在语言实践中，语态和时态总是结合在一起使用，每一个时态都有同它相对应的被动语态形式。

被动语态的基本形式：语态助动词be + 过去分词。

凡需进行时态变化时，只将be 变为与其相应的时态形式，过去分词永远不变。

动词do 的时态、语态形式变化对照表

主动语态 被动语态

一般现在时 do(does)am(is, are)+ done 一般过去时 did was(were)+ done 一般将来时 will(shall)do will be + done 现在进行时 am(is are)doing am(is,are)being+done 过去进行时 was(were)doing was(were)being+done 现在完成时 have(has)done have(has)been+done 过去完成时 had done had been+done 过去将来时 would do would be + done 现在完成进行时 have(has)been doing 没有被动形式 过去完成进行时 Had been doing 没有被动形式

Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me;Follow Me to Science.(P.46, Senior Book1A)Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane.(P.9, Senior Book2B)They are already being used in agriculture and industry.(P.26, Senior Book2B)Computer will be used more and more in transport.(P.26, Senior Book2B)A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people.(P.46, Senior Book2B)2.高考试题实例分析 直接考查时态、语态知识的试题主要体现在单项选择和改错两个题型中，而且几乎每年都会考到，因此必须将时态、语态问题作为复习的重点内容，务求达到深刻理解，熟练运用。近年来高考命题的特点是，在特定的语言环境中考查对时态、语态的理解。试题的意图往往隐蔽、迂回，迷惑项的设计技巧很高，容易干扰考生的思维。如果没有对时态概念的深刻理解，没有对语言应用环境的综合分析，便会对试题感到困惑。下列试题可以帮助我们领悟高考命题的趋势。例1：

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly.（2001年高考试题）

A.is changing

B.has changed

C.will have changed

D.will change 答案为A。试题没有把考查的意图定位于对时态概念的简单理解，考生必须对现在进行时的本质特征----动作尚未完成，仍在过程中----有深刻的理解，否则将思路仅仅局限在“正在变化”、“已经变化”或“将要变化”，难于得出正确的结论。例2：

I ______ ping-pong quite well, but haven't had time to play since the new year.（2001年高考试题）

A.will play

B.have played

C.played

D.play 答案为D。but 分句使用现在完成时，将谈话的时间概念限定在“当前”。如果选C，前一分句说“过去”，后一分句说“现在”，不合逻辑。本句的意思是说“乒乓球一向打得好，只是最近一段时间没有打”，“乒乓球打得好”是一种技能，选用一般现在时，是“经常发生的动作”这一概念的扩展和延伸。例3：

----You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda.Do you like it?---I'm sorry I ______ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it's pretty on you.（2002年高考试题）

A.wasn't saying

B.don't say

C.won't say

D.didn't say 答案为D。sorry的原因是早先没有说到这件事，因此必须用一般过去时。例4：

The price ______, but I doubt whether it will remain so.（1999年高考试题）

A.went down

B.will go down

C.has gone down

D.was going down 答案为 C。目前价格的状况已经低下来，至于“价格下降”始于何时同谈话的内容无关。试题意在考查对“过去的动作对现在的影响”的理解。

时态语态基础训练1 I.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式填充。

1.Let's keep to the point or we ______ never_______(reach)any decisions.2.My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I______(miss)half of it.3.I don't think Jim saw me;he _____ just ______(start)into space.4.I ____(ask)you not to move my dictionary--now I can't find it.5.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______(begin)to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.6.--George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?

--No, I ______ ______ ______(invite).Did they have a big wedding?

7.Shirley _____(write)a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.8.John and I have been friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _____ ______(see)each other a couple of times before that.9.His wife _____ ______(hope)to catch the first train but she was too late.10.I _____ ______(catch)in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11.I found the sentence _____ ______(not read)smoothly.12.What he had said at the meeting _____(prove)true.13.---Did you see Tom at the party?

---No.He _____ _____(leave)by the time I arrived.14.---How time flies!It's already 10 o'clock.---Oh, I _____ _____(not realize)it at all.15.---I'm sorry that I shouldn't have been so rude to you.---You did_____(lose)your temper but that's OK.II.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式确翻译下列各句 ：

1.The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _____ _____(一直抓着)him but failed.2.--What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

--I had just finished my work and ____ _____(正准备开始)to take a shower.3.--You were out when I dropped in at your house.--Oh, I_____ _____(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport.4.---Why haven't you asked her to come here?

---She ________(正在做工)an important experiment when I found her and she hasn't finished it.5.---What were you up to when she dropped in?

---I_____ _____(刚玩了一会儿)for a while and _____ _____ _____ _____(正打算看书)some reading.6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______often_____(会看到)advertisement showing happy families.7.---What place is it?---Haven't you seen that we are back where we _____(回到了原地)? 8.---Tomorrow is my birthday.I'd like you and Jane to come.---I'm not sure if she _____ _____(将)free.9.The crazy fans ______ _____ ______(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.10.You_______ _______(要求你ask)not to move the desk--now it is broken.时态语态基础训练2 1.By the time I saw the angry expression in his face, I _____ exactly what I was having to face.But not for a moment _______ I should quit.A.had known;I thought

B.have known;had I thought

C.would know;I would think

D.knew;did I think 2.In such a fierce competition, a person h as to make every effort if he _____.A.has succeeded

B.is to succeed

C.should succeed

D.will succeed 3.The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if ______ that he had something to tell the doctor.A.saying

B.having said

C.to say

D.to have said 4.It should be 302.But I hear that it _____ till tomorrow.A.was put off

B.will put off

C.has been put off

D.is put off 5.The University of Tokyo is the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the lead when it comes to ____ new challenges.A.be faced

B.face

C.facing

D.faced 6.In fact, more and more people _____ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life”.A.chose

B.choose

C.are choosing

D.have chosen 7.Our car _____ at the present speed until it reaches Qingdao at about nine o'clock tonight.A.went

B.is going

C.goes

D.will be going 8.China is _____ to______ continued help to Iraq in its reconstruction.A.willingly;give

B.willing;giving

C.willing;offer

D.will;offering 9.I ________, but I can't leave until I finish typing all the letters.A.had planned to

B.planned to

C.am still planning to

D.was still planning to

10.Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _______ for Indonesia to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few words.A.has just left

B.was just leaving

C.had just left

D.just left 11.Has George returned from Japan yet? I'd like to meet him.Why do you look so upset?Usually at 13:15 but because of a small accident on the line, it

at 13:45.A．does;is going to start B．will;starts C．does;will start D．will;is to start 11.---How about my food? I __________ here for almost half an hour.---I'm sorry, sir.It must be ready by now.A.have been sitting

B.am sitting C.had been sitting

D.was sitting 12.---Remember the first time we met, Susan?---Of course I do.You _______ in the library.A.read

B.had read

C.were reading

D.would read 13.The number of people hurt in the traffic accident _______ to 95, the news agency reports.A.has increased

B.have increased

C.has been increased

D.have been increased 14.It seems that you _______ this report or you can see what I questioned just now.A.don't read B.didn't read C.haven't read D.hadn't read 15.-Hello, Jim.I

to see you today.Sonia said you

ill.-Oh I'm OK.A.didn't expect;were

B.don't expect;were C.haven't expected;are

D.are not expecting;are 16.We were very busy yesterday.Otherwise we _____ part in the discussion.A.would take

B.did take

C.had taken

D.would have taken 17.---My flight ______.I'd better be on my way.Goodbye.---Bye.Happy landing!A.was announced

B.is being announced

C.has announced

D.is announced 18Dear me!You

anything in the taxi!A.had never left

B.have never left

C.would never leave

D.never leave 19.This time next week, we _______astronauts from the Challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems.A.will see B.will have seen C.will be seeing D.shall see 20.Hey, Lee.I ___________ you never took interest in anything like this.What a surprise!A.don't think

B.didn't think C.think

D.thought 21.George had thought of paying a visit to the zoo with his children last Sunday, but he just ________ he would have so little time to spare.A.hadn't known

B.wouldn't know

C.knew

D.didn't know 22.Those who were late for school this morning，down your names on the blackboard!A.write

B.wrote

C.are writing

D.will write

时态语态高考题 2007年高考

1.The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.（全国卷I）

A.sold

B.had been sold

C.were sold

D.would sell 2.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago.（全国卷I）

A.are going

B.had been

C.went

D.have been 3.-Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.-Oh, nothing much.In fact, I ____ of my friends back home.（全国卷II）A.have just thought B.was just thinking C.would just think D.will just be thinking 4.-Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?

-I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.（全国卷II）A.had to B.didn't C.was going to D.wouldn't 5.-Did you tidy your room?（上海卷）

-No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.A.had B.have C.have had

D.will have 6.With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.（上海卷）A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered 7.They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.（山东卷）

A．had got

B．got

C．have got

D．get 8.-Did Peter fix the computer himself?-He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers.（安徽卷）A.has it fixed

B.had fixed it

C.had it fixed

D.fixed it 9.They became friends again that day.Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years.（安徽卷）

A.didn't speak

B.hadn't spoken

C.haven' t spoken D.haven' t been speaking 10.-How can I apply for an online course?

-Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.（北京卷）A.see

B.are seeing

C.have seen

D.will see 11.I got caught in the rain and my suit____.（北京卷）

A.has ruined

B.had ruined

C.has been ruined

D.had been ruined 12.-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.-Oh, don't mention it.I _____past your house anyway.（北京卷）

A.was coming

B.will come

C.had come

D.have come 13.-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.（福建卷）-Impossible.She

TV with me in my home then.A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14.Danny

hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.（福建卷）A.works

B.is working

C.has worked

D.worked 15.As the years passed, many occasions-birthdays, awards, graduations-________ with Dad's flowers.（湖南卷）

A.are marked

B.were marked

C.have marked

D.had marked

16.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year.（湖南卷）

A.studies

B.studied

C.is studying

D.has been studying 17.At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.（江苏卷）A.has been reached B.had been reached

C.has reached

D.had reached 18.-______ you ______ him around the museum yet?（江苏卷）-Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have … shown

B.Do … show C.Had … shown

D.Did … show 19.-Ouch!You hurt me!

-I am sorry.But I

any harm.I

to drive a rat out.（江西卷）A.didn't mean;tried

B.don't mean;am trying C.haven't meant;tried

D.didn't mean;was trying 20.-I have got a headache.-No wonder.You

in front of that computer too long.（江西卷）

A.work

B.are working

C.have been working

D.worked 21.I

there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.（陕西卷）A.would be B.have been C.had been D.will be 22.The unemployment rate in this district

from 6% to 5% in the past two years.（上海春）A．has fallen B．had fallen

C．is fall in

D．was falling 23.John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it

seriously.（上海春）A．damaged B．was being damaged

C．had damaged D．had been damaged 24.When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________.（四川卷）A．have marked

B.have been marked

C．had marked

D．had been marked 25.-Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

-No, sir.I ________ a newspaper.（四川卷）

A.read

B.was reading

C.would read

D.am reading 26.If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology.（天津卷）

A.had discovered

B.had been discovered

C.has discovered

D.has been discovered 27.-Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.（浙江卷）-________? That's his third one in just one month.A.Had he

B.Did he

C.Does he

D.Has he

28.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.（浙江卷）

A.hasn't been decided

B.haven't decided

C.isn't being decided

D.aren't decided 29.The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre.（浙江卷）

A.have arrived

B.arrived

C.had arrived

D.arrive 30.-Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?-Yes, he did.He ________ his old friends for a long time.（重庆卷）

A.didn't see

B.wouldn't see

C.hasn't seen D.hadn't seen 31.Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.（重庆卷）

A.is said to be buying

B.is said to have bought

C..had said to buy

D.has said to have bought 32.-Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?-As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _______.（重庆卷）A.writes B.does writing

C.is writing

D.does write 33.When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone.Where______?（重庆卷）A.did you go

B.have you gone

C.were you

D.had you been 34.-Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?

-Yes, I have.I guess it ______ now.（辽宁卷）

A.has graded

B.is graded

C.is being graded

D.is grading 35.-Has your father returned from Africa yet?-Yes, but he _____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.（辽宁卷）A.was

B.has been

C.will be

D.would be 2008年高考

1.-Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?（全国I卷）-Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.A.has joined B.joins

C.had joined

D.joined 2.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ______ to arrive.（全国I卷）A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects

D.will be expected 3.-----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?（安徽卷）

-----Yes, I did.You know, my brother ________ in the match.A.is playing

B.was playing

C.has played

D.had played 4.I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.（安徽卷）A.taught

B.have taught

C.are taught

D.have been taught 5.So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.（福建卷）A.saw

B.see

C.had seen

D.have seen 6.I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through.Her brother _____ on the phone all the time!（湖南卷）

A.was talking

B.has been talking

C.has talked

D.talked 7.Well, I'm thinking about the salary….（湖南卷）

A.offer

B.will offer

C.are offered

D.will be offered 8.-I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.-I think so.He ______ for it for months.（江苏卷）A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing 9.By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.（山东卷）A.walks

B.walked C.has walked D.had walked 10.I ______it to you this morning!（浙江卷）

A.would lend

B.was lending

C.had lent

D.lent 20.-What's that noise?（浙江卷）

-Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine ______ A.was tested

B.will be tested

C.is being tested

D.has been tested 21.-Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?-Who _______ it?（北京卷）

A.writes

B.has written

C.wrote

D.had written 22.The hotel wasn't particularly good.But I ____ in many worse hotels（北京卷）.A.was staying

B, stayed

C.would stay

D.had stayed 23.No decision

about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.（北京卷）

A.will be made

B.is made

C.is being made

D.has been made 24.He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.（天津卷）A.was playing

B.played

C.has played

D.had played 25.Judy is going to marry the sailor she __ in Rome last year.（重庆卷）A.meets

B.met

C.has met

D.would meet 26.He __ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.（重庆卷）

A.regarded

B.was regarded

C.has regarded

D.had been regarded 27.Teenagers __ their health because they play computer games too much.（重庆卷）A.have damaged

B.are damaging

C.damaged

D.will damage 28.Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?(上海卷)Terry? Never!She ___ tents and fresh air!A.has hated

B.hated

C.will hate

D.hates 29.In recent years many football clubs ___ as business to make a profit.(上海卷)A.have run

B.have been run C.had been run D.will run

参考答案

时态语态基础训练1 I.1.will never reach

2.missed

3.was;staring

4.asked

5.began

6.hadn't been invited

7.wrote

8.had seen

9.had hoped

10.was caught 11.didn't read

12.proved

13.had left

14.didn't realize

15.lose II.1.was holding

2.was starting

3.was waiting

4.was doing

5.had played;was going to do

6.will;see

7.were

8.will be

9.had been waiting

10.was asked 时态语态基础训练2 1-10 DBCCC CDCCB

11-20 AABCA DBCDC

时态语态强化训练

1-5 BCCDD

6-10 ABBDB

11-15 ACACA

16-21 DBBCD

21-22 DA

时态语态高考题 2007年高考

1-5 CCBCA 6-10 DBCBD 11-15 CADCB

16-20 DBADC 21-25CADBB 26-30 DBABD

31-35BBCCA 2008年高考题

1-5 DABDD

6-10 ACDCA

11-15 CDACA 26-29 BBDB

21-25CDABB 16-20 ABBDC

第三篇：关于时态语态历年真题与解析训练汇总

1．(2016新课标Ⅰ，62)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I ________(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.

【答案与解析】was allowed句意：……在这个占地六百英亩的中心，我被允许靠近这些可爱的动物。由语境可知作者被允许接近这些动物，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

2．(2016新课标Ⅲ，62)Truly elegant chopsticks might ________(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.【答案与解析】be made句意：真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中国特色的金或银制成的。make和chopsticks之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，空格前有might，所以用be made。

3．(2016四川，61)The giant panda________(love)by people throughout the world.【答案与解析】is loved句意：大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语the giant panda和动词love构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。

4．(2016四川，69)Then，after two and a half years，the mother ________(drive)the young panda away.【答案与解析】drove句意：然后，两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。根据句意可知，此处应用一般过去时。

5．(2016浙江，5)While online shopping ________(change)our life，not all of its effects have been positive.【答案与解析】has changed句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。主语是online shopping，结合语境以及后面的have been可知，这里要用现在完成时。

6．(2016浙江，9)Silk ________(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.【答案与解析】had become句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。by about 100 BC是时间状语，这里强调到公元前100年为止，所以要用过去完成时。

7．(2016北京，21)Jack ________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.【答案与解析】was working句意：杰克正在实验室里工作的时候突然停电了。本句使用了be doing sth.when...句式，表示“正在做某事，突然……”，此时主句用过去进行时，分句用一般过去时。

8．(2016北京，23)—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars.We ________(wait)here for more than two hours.【答案与解析】have been waiting句意：——对不起，你们在等什么电影？——新版的《星球大战》。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。根据时间状语判断，语境表示在过去很长时间里一直在做某事，并且还将继续，此时应用现在完成进行时。

9．(2016北京，25)I ________(read)half of the English novel，and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.【答案与解析】have read句意：这本英语小说我已经读了一半，这个周末我将尽力把它读完。语境表示“已经读了一半”，应该用现在完成时表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作。

10．(2016北京，30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________(reward)with success in the end.【答案与解析】will be rewarded句意：这些学生一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会以成功作为回报。由语境可知，学生的努力会得到回报是将来的动作，故用一般将来时；reward和their efforts之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。

11．(2016天津，3)When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________(see)for years.【答案与解析】hadn't seen句意：在街上散步时，我偶遇了大卫。我已经很多年没见过他了。“我很多年没见过他”发生在came across之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。

12．(2015新课标Ⅰ，61)It was raining lightly when I ________(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.【答案与解析】arrived句意：黄昏前我到达阳朔时正下着小雨，但是我不在意。由主句 “It was raining.” 可知这里应用一般过去时。

13．(2015新课标Ⅱ，68)This cycle ________(go)day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.【答案与解析】goes句意：这个循环日复一日的进行……主语this cycle为单数形式；结合时间状语day after day可知，表示经常发生的情况，须用一般现在时，故填goes。

14．(2015北京，30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right.I________(call)him later.【答案与解析】will call句意：——杰克逊医生现在不在办公室。——好的。我一会儿打给他。根据发话者的is not...at the moment及答语中的later可知，在这种情况下，答话者将晚点打电话给他，用一般将来时态。

15．(2015北京，22)—Did you enjoy the party?

—Yes，we ________(treat)well by our hosts.【答案与解析】were treated句意：——你喜欢那个派对吗？——喜欢，我们受到了主人热情的款待。根据上一句的时态可知，这里使用一般过去时态；we和treat之间是被动关系，所以这里使用被动语态。结合起来这里用一般过去时的被动语态。

16．(2015北京，27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?

—Not really.She ________(give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.【答案与解析】had given句意：——你们找到安的家费了很大力气吗？——没有。她给了我们清楚的指示，所以我们很容易就找到了。因为找到安的家发生在过去，所以安给出指示应该发生在过去的过去，所以这里使用过去完成时态。

17．(2015福建，26)To my delight，I________(choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.【答案与解析】was chosen句意：令我高兴的是，在成百上千的申请者中我被选中参加开幕式。主语和谓语是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，而且发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

18．(2015湖南，22)As you go through this book，you ______(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.【答案与解析】will find句意：当你浏览这本书的时候，你会发现那些经历过二战的几百万人中，每一个人都有不同的经历。时间状语从句使用的是一般现在时态，所以主句使用一般将来时。

19．(2015湖南，25)I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________(ask)，“What do you wish me to do now？”

【答案与解析】asked句意：当我问“你希望我现在做什么？”的时候我掩饰不住自己的渴望。因为主句使用的是一般过去时态，所以when引导的从句使用一般过去时。

20．(2015安徽，22)If you come to visit China，you ________(experience)a culture of amazing depth and variety.【答案与解析】will experience句意：如果你来中国参观，你就会体验有着惊人深度且多元化的文化。因为if条件句使用的是一般现在时态，所以主句使用一般将来时。

21．(2015安徽，24)Just as I got to the school gate，I realised I ________(leave)my book in the cafe.【答案与解析】had left句意：当我到达学校门口的时候，我才意识到我把我的书落在了咖啡馆里。由句意可知我“到达校门口”发生在过去，“丢书”在这个动作在前，所以这里使用过去完成时。

22．(2015安徽，29)It is reported that a space station ______(build)on the moon in years to come.【答案与解析】will be built句意：据报道，在未来的几年里，月球上将会建起一个太空站。根据时间状语in years to come可知，本句使用一般将来时，又因为space station与build之间是被动关系，所以这里使用被动语态。结合起来，这里使用一般将来时的被动语态。

23．(2015四川，4)More expressways ________(build)in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.【答案与解析】will be built句意：为了促进当地经济发展，更多的高速公路将很快在四川建造。根据时间状语soon及expressways与build之间的被动关系可知应用will be built，即一般将来时的被动语态。

24．(2015陕西，22)Marty ________(work)really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.【答案与解析】has been working句意：马蒂一直非常卖力地在写他的书，并且他觉得到星期五他就会写完了。现在完成进行时态表示发生在过去的动作持续到现在并没有结束，将一直持续下去。

25．(2015天津，6)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ________(teach)a class at that time.【答案与解析】will be teaching句意：简不能出席今天下午3点的会议了，因为在那个时间她正在上课。at that time提示此处表示将来的某个时间点将正在发生的动作。

26．(2015天津，9)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement ________(reach)so far by the two sides.【答案与解析】has been reached句意：尽管先前进行了几轮的谈判，但是迄今为止，两边还没有达成任何协议。考查现在完成时态，提示词为so far，由agreement可知用单数形式。

27．(2016新课标Ⅰ，61)In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It ________(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.【答案与解析】was句意：在1969年，俄亥俄州克利夫兰市附近的凯霍加河沿岸污染严重，难以想象它能够被清理干净。根据前一句的in 1969及本句中从句的时态判断，本句应用一般过去时。

28．(2016新课标Ⅱ，45)．...So I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike ________(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.【答案与解析】caught句意：……我能很好地看到人行道，一个骑自行车的男孩子吸引了我的注意。他在公交车旁边骑行并挥舞着手臂。所填的词是句子的谓语，根据上下文时态可知，catch my attention发生在过去，故填caught。

29．(2016江西南昌高三10月联考)．...for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal safety could not ________(guarantee)．

【答案与解析】be guaranteed句意：……因为如果他们的个人安全得不到保障，那么就会有越来越多的学生退学。分析条件状语从句中主语与谓语动词的关系可知，应用被动语态。

30．(2016广西，22)Unless some extra money ________(find)，the theatre will close.【答案与解析】is found句意：如果找不到额外的资金，这家剧院就会关闭。主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来；money与find是被动关系，故填is found，构成一般现在时的被动语态。

31．(2016山东，5)They made up their minds that they ________(buy)a new house once Larry changed jobs.【答案与解析】would buy句意：他们决定一旦拉里换工作，就购置新房。由主句时态判断，buy是在过去某个时间看来将要发生的，故填would buy。

32．(2016四川，9)She ________(phone)someone，so I nodded to her and went away.【答案与解析】was phoning句意：她正在给人打电话，所以我冲她点了点头就走开了。根据从句判断，phone是过去某时正在发生的动作，故填was phoning。

33．(2016北京，31)—What time is it?

—I have no idea.But just a minute，I________(check)it for you.【答案与解析】will check句意：——几点了？——我也不知道。等一下，我帮你看一下。根据语境可知，check是临时打算要做的动作，故用will do，表示将来。

34．(2016重庆，8)James has just arrived，but I didn't know he ________(come)until yesterday.【答案与解析】was coming句意：詹姆斯刚刚到，但是直到昨天我才知道他要来。结合语境可知，我过去不知道他要来，表示“过去将要……”，故填was coming。

35．(2016陕西，22)During his stay in Xi'an，Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends________(recommend)．

【答案与解析】had recommended句意：在西安逗留期间，杰瑞几乎品尝了他的朋友推荐的所有的地方名吃。结合句意可知，“推荐”发生在“品尝”之前，因此用过去完成时。

36．(2016福建，23)— Haven't seen you for ages！Where have

you been?

—I went to Ningxia and________(stay)there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.【答案与解析】stayed句意：——好几年没见你了！你去哪儿了？——我去了宁夏，在那儿待了一年，作为一名志愿者在那里教学。根据句意，在宁夏待了一年是发生在过去的事情，故应填stayed。

37．(2016安徽，23)The twins，who ________(finish)their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground.【答案与解析】had finished句意：那对双胞胎已完成家庭作业，他们被允许在操场上打羽毛球。结合句意可知finish动作在were allowed前发生，表示“过去的过去”，故填had finished。

38．(2013安徽，24)I'm calling about the apartment you ________(advertise)the other day.Could you tell me more about it?

【答案与解析】advertised句意：我打电话咨询一下你们前几天在广告中介绍的那座房子，你能不能给我详细介绍一下？由句中的时间状语the other day可知，这里要用一般过去时。

39．(2013陕西，11)On Monday mornings it usually________(take)me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.【答案与解析】takes句意：虽然实际距离只有20英里，但是在每周一的早上我开车去上班通常会花费一个小时。根据句子中的时间状语on Monday mornings和副词usually暗示可知，应该用一般现在时，强调动作的反复性。

40．(2016安徽合肥八中第一次段考)He had wild black hair flecked with gray and ________(wear)a pink shirt and silk slippers.【答案与解析】was wearing句意：他乱乱的黑发中长有些许白发，身穿粉红色的衬衫，脚上穿着一双丝绸拖鞋。由于描述当时所穿的衣服、鞋子等，故用过去进行时。

41．(2016福建福州十三中期中考试)Then he ________(hide)behind a tree and waited.【答案与解析】hid句意：于是，他躲在树后等待着。根据and后面的waited可知，与之并列的动作也发生在过去，须用一般过去时。

42．(2016福建福州十三中期中考试)“The night ________(be)very dark.Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”

【答案与解析】will be句意：“夜晚将会漆黑，一些邻居漆黑中过来就会被这块石头绊倒。”根据后面句子中的will come along可知，指将会发生的情况。

43．(2016山东临沭一中高三第一次月考)At my school，“dress down” tickets ________(sell)on school days.【答案与解析】are sold句意：我们学校上学日都有“免穿校服”券出售。分析tickets与sell的语义关系可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。

44．(2015四川岳池中学高考一轮)I noticed a man sitting at the front.He ________(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.【答案与解析】was pretending句意：我注意到前面坐着一个男人，他一直佯称老虎玩具是真的并为它配音。pretend是过去动作“注意到前面坐着一个男人”发生时正在发生的，故本句用过去进行时。

45．(2015广西南宁第一次适应性检测)Oh，it looks like Professor Brown is here.I ________(talk)to you some more after class.【答案与解析】will talk句意：奥，好像布朗教授在这里，下课后再和你聊。根据前一句的时态及after class判断，talk是将要发生的动作，故填will talk。

46．(2015黑龙江大庆高三二模)Years ago，when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries，I ________(live)in the heart of the city.【答案与解析】lived句意：多年前，我是一个穷画家，试着在一家当地的美术馆卖画。那时，我住在市中心。由years ago判断，句子用一般过去时，故填lived。

47．(2015广西梧州、崇左高三摸底考)She also ________(believe)in healthy diet.And she requires us to have regular meals.【答案与解析】believes句意：她相信健康饮食，并且要求我们按时吃饭。根据后一句的时态判断，句子用一般现在时；she作主语，故填第三人称单数形式believes。

48．(2015山东淄博高三一摸底)We jumped out of the windows as he came in through the door and ________(go)into the kitchen to take some food for the first time.【答案与解析】went句意：他从门口进来时，我们从窗户跳了出去，第一次从厨房里拿了一些食物。and连接并列谓语，go的形式与前面的jumped一致，故填went。

49．(2015河南洛阳第一次统考)I immediately responded with a smile and my heart felt free of the stress that I ________(carry)．

【答案与解析】was carrying/had been carrying句意：我立刻报以微笑，而且我心中所带的压力也释放了。根据felt free判断，定语从句的谓语动词carry是过去某动作之前在进行的/持续的，可用过去进行时或过去完成进行时，故可填was carrying或had been carrying。

50．(2016山西运城期末调研)Every answer I gave ________(receive)by a frown from the manager.【答案与解析】was received句意：我的每一个答案经理都是皱眉反应。所填词是句子的谓语，与单数主语every answer之间是被动关系；根据从句时态判断用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was received。

第四篇：动词时态、语态及情态动词专练100题(一)解析

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动词时态、语态及情态动词专练100题(一)

1.— May I have a word with Miss Anna?

— Sorry, she ____ to her friend on the phone.A.is talking

B.has talked

C.talked

D.talks

2.When Nancy was at college, she ____ three foreign languages, but I am surprised to find that she ____ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten

B.had spoken;had forgotten

C.spoke;has forgotten

D.had spoken;has forgotten

3.By the end of next July this building ____.A.will be completed

C.will have been completed

D.has been completed

B.will have completed

4.— Hurry, Mary!You ____ on the phone.— Oh, I ____.Thank you, Mom.A.have wanted;have come

B.will be wanted;will come

C.are being wanted;come

D.are wanted;am coming

5.Because farmland ____ quickly, the government are considering starting a program to solve the problem.A.is being lost

B.is lost

C.is losing

D.loses

6.— What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday evening?

— I ____ just finished my homework and I ____ to watch TV.A.have;am going

B.have;was going

D.had;am going

C.had;was going 中学学科网学海泛舟系列资料

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7.We ____ dinner at seven o’clock when CCTV ____ to broadcast news.A.are having;will start

D.will have had;starts

C.have;will start

B.will be having;starts

8.— Where are Jack and Mike?

— They ____ the furniture you asked for into the house.A.have been carrying

B.carried

D.were carried

C.have been carried

9.Professor Haley told me that he ____ by many of his students at the railway station.A.had been seen off

B.have been seen off

D.have seen off

C.had seen off

10.As we stood on the top of the hill, we could see the beautiful scene that ____ before us.A.had spread

B.has spread

C.spread

D.spreads

11.An order has come that the police should find out where the thief ____.A.hides

B.was hiding

C.hiding

D.is hidden

12.— You must be surprised and excited to see the film star here.— You’re right.____.A.I don’t expect to see her here

B.I didn’t expect to see her here

C.I am expecting to see her here

D.I expected to see her here

13.Mr.Ham felt that he himself, rather than Alice and Lisa, ____ for the coldness that had grown between them.中学学科网学海泛舟系列资料

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A.were to blame

B.was to be blamed

D.was to blame

C.were to be blamed

14.— What else did you do this morning besides doing the shopping?

— Two hours ____ washing the windows and floor.A.were taken

D.will be spent

C.has taken

B.was spent

15.I’m glad you’ve come, Miss Rose;I ____ you, but you’ve saved me the trouble now.A.am going to call

B.was about to call

D.am to call

C.had called

16.Did you tell me that there ____ an English test the next week?

A.would be

B.will be

C.is

D.were

17.— Did you meet the pianist at the station?

— No, he ____ by the time I ____ there.A.had left;got

B.has left;reached

D.left;had got

C.was leaving;got

18.I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but ____.A.I’m not invited

B.I have not been invited D.I had not been invited

C.I was not invited

19.— How is the boy?

— Sorry.He ____ though the doctor made every effort to save him.A.died

B.was dead

C.had died

D.has been dead

20.— Bob must be wealthy.— Yes, he ____ more in one day than I do in a week.中学学科网学海泛舟系列资料

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A.is earning

B.earns

C.had earned

D.has earned

21.You can certainly leave the classroom as soon as your homework ____.A.has done

B.has been done

D.will have been done

C.will be done

22.— Did you telephone the manager’s office?

— Yes, he ____ back before 9 o’clock this morning.A.expects

B.is expected

C.expected

D.was expected

23.— Would you like to tell me what our teacher said just now?

— She said that light ____ faster than sound.A.travels

B.traveled

C.would travel

D.was traveling

24.— Has William finished writing his graduation paper yet?

— I don’t know exactly, but he ____ all day.A.is writing

B.has been writing

D.wrote

C.was writing

25.When you come into the exhibition hall, you can see a large board with a notice on it, saying visitors ____ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request

B.request

C.are requesting

D.are requested

26.SARS ____ in Hong Kong in the winter of 2002.A.was broken out

B.was broke out D.was breaking out

C.broke out

27.— The Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei is here already.— I ____ he ____ until tomorrow.A.think;is coming

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B.thought;would come

C.didn’t think;was coming

D.don’t think;will come

28.The couple ____.I really don’t know why.A.always quarrel

B.are always quarreling

C.have always quarreled

D.have always been quarreled

29.— My sister finished school three years ago.— What ____ these years?

A.did she do

B.has she been doing D.does she do

C.is she doing

30.— ____ the sports meeting is likely to be put off.— Yes, it all depends on the weather.A.I’ve been told

B.I’ve told D.I told

C.I was telling

31.Thousands of people took part in the work when the old temple ____.A.would be rebuilt

D.had been rebuilt

C.was being rebuilt

B.was rebuilding

32.— Was the trip pleasant when you vacationed in the mountain village last summer?

— No, it ____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.A.was raining

B.would be raining D.have rained

C.had been raining

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33.When and where to build the new school ____ yet.A.have not been decided B.are not decided

C.has not been decided D.has not decided

34.This cloth you bought is cheap, but it ____well.A.is worn

B.wore

C.wears

D.wearing

35.Here ____ the professor and writer as well as his friends.A.has come

B.comes

C.come

D.are coming

36.My money____.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.A.has run out

B.is running out D.is being run out

C.has been run out

37.Be careful!Don’t get the orange juice on your shirt, for it ____.A.isn’t washed out

B.won’t be washed out

D.isn’t washing out

C.won’t wash out

38.Robert ____ me his address the other day, but I’m afraid I ____it.A.had given;lost

B.has given;have lost

D.gives;have lost

C.gave;have lost

39.Shelly ____ California for Texas in 1996 and ____ there ever since.A.left;worked

C.left;has worked

D.has left;worked

B.has left;had worked

40.— I thought I asked you to fix the radio.— Oh, I’m sorry.Mother, I ____ it right now.A.am to do

B.will do

D.am going to do

C.was about to do

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41.If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she ____.A.does

B.has done

C.will do

D.would do

42.He ____ to the airport to meet us, but he had to leave before we arrived.A.did go

B.didn’t go

C.would go

D.had gone

43.I ____ to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.A.intended

B.had intended

D.was intended

C.was intending

44.— Bob has gone to New York, I hear.— Oh, I wonder when he ____.A.had left

B.leaves

C.left

D.was leaving

45.— Look at the black clouds.It ___soon.— Sure.If only we ____out.A.is raining;didn’t come

B.is to rain;won’t start

C.will rain;haven’t started

D.is going to rain;hadn’t come

46.She ____ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A.has no sooner got

B.had hardly got

D.had no sooner got

C.no sooner got

47.Beijing Children’s Library ____ four branch libraries in different districts.They can receive more readers than before.A.will set up

B.has been set up

D.set up

C.has set up

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48.— Can you attend the conference tomorrow, Bob?

— I think I can when my stomachache ____ completely.A.will disappear

B.is disappearing

D.will have disappeared

C.disappears

49.I don’t know what decision ____ at the conference, as Mike hasn’t reported to me yet.A.is made

B.was made

C.has made

D.had made

50.— Do you smoke?

— No, I don’t.It’s two years since I ____.A.smoked

B.have smoked

C.has smoked

D.don’t smoke

答案及解析：

1.A。根据sorry一词可以判断出Anna小姐正在给她朋友打电话,故用现在进行时。

2.C。Nancy上大学时讲三门外语,用一般过去时符合题意;从but I am surprised to find...来看,应该是叙述她目前对这三门外语的掌握情况,故用现在完成时。

3.C。“by the end of +表将来的时间”通常和将来完成时连用。complete用作及物动词,此处要用被动语态。

4.D。You are wanted on the phone.为固定表达;“I am coming.”意思是“(我)来啦!”,符合上下文语意。

5.A。从主句的时态可以判断出,要解决的问题是目前存在的问题;从quickly一词可以看出用进行时态合适,故选A。

6.C。问句是问过去发生的事,因此,答语中要用过去时态才符合逻辑。

7.B。“will be doing sth.”为将来进行时,口语中常用此时态表示将来某时正发生的事。该题从句中用一般现在时表示一段时间或很长时间内不变的计划或安排。

8.A。“杰克和迈克一直在往屋里搬运‘你’要的家具。”这句话正是英语中现在完成进行时常表达的含义。

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9.A。学生为Haley教授送行的事实发生在他告诉我之前,故而要用过去完成时。

10.C。此处的spread为过去式,作不及物动词用。

11.D。“be hidden”表示躲藏的状态;选项B时态错误。

12.B。“I didn’t expect to...”表示“我原没有料到……”,符合题意。

13.D。从句中的主语是he,因此A、C不正确;“be to blame”是固定结构,意为“应该受到责备”。

14.B。问句问的是过去发生的事,答语也应用过去时;“spend time(in)doing sth.(花费时间做某事)”是固定结构。

15.B。从“but you’ve saved me the trouble now”可以判断出“我”没有给“你”打电话,因此“was about to call(刚要打电话)”符合题意。

16.A。主从句的时态通常应保持一致。这儿用过去将来时态符合题意。

17.A。“by the time”通常和过去完成时或将来完成时连用,其引导的从句通常使用一般过去时或一般现在时。根据问句,应选A。

18.C。“我”本来非常想参加他们的晚会,可是没人邀请。谈的是过去发生的事,用一般过去时符合题意。

19.A。强调“死”这个动作?熏用die;强调“死”的状态?熏用be dead。根据从句中的时态来看,选A合适。

20.B。

21.B。在时间状语从句中可以用现在完成时表示将来, 强调从句的动作发生在主句谓语所表示动作之前。

22.B。“he is expected...”意为“人们预计他……”。

23.A。表示客观真理常用一般现在时。

24.B。表示“一整天都在做某事(此时该动作还没有结束)”要用现在完成进行时。

25.D。“request sb.(not)to do sth.要求某人(不要)做某事”是固定结构,根据题干,应使用被动语态。

26.C。break out(爆发)没有被动语态。

27.C。在此之前,“我”认为“杨利伟”明天才能到这儿,此题应注意否定转移和not...until...句型。

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28.B。always同进行时态连用通常表示说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪。

29.B。“这些年她都在做什么?”要用现在完成进行时来表示。

30.A。根据宾语从句中的时态可以判断出正确答案,选项B的错误在于told后缺间接宾语。

31.C。用过去进行时的被动语态表示动作的持续。

32.C。根据题意及“for four days”,应采用过去完成进行时。

33.C。when and where to build the new school指的是“一件事”,故谓语动词用单数形式,且decide一词用作及物动词,所以应用被动语态。

34.B。wear well意为“耐用”。某些可以用来表达事物内在品质或属性的动词(如:draw, read, sell, wash, write, open, shut),常用主动形式表示被动含义。

35.B。

36.B。由后文看出, 钱还未用完,故用现在进行时表将来。

37.C。解析见34。38.C。

39.C。由于有明确的过去时间(in 1996),故第一空应用left;ever since常与完成时态连用。

40.B。此处用 will do表示临时决定要做的事。

41.A。主句用一般将来时,until/ when/ before / unless/if等引导的从句常用一般现在时表将来。

42.A。助动词does/do/did +动词原形, 起加强语气的作用。

43.B。had intended/ thought/ planned/ wanted / expected/ hoped to do sth.等常用来表示主语未曾达到的希望、愿望或打算。

44.C。

45.D。be going to do sth.常见的用法为:①表示按计划或安排打算去做某事,②表示有迹象表明要发生某事, 此题是第二个用法。if only引起的句子中谓语部分要用虚拟语气, 与过去事实相反时, 用过去完成时。

46.D。在no sooner...than...句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句常用一般过去时。

47.C。

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48.C。

49.B。

50.A。since从句中动词若为延续性动词, 则意为“自从不……以来”。

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第五篇：高考英语时态语态总结

十六种时态

1.一般现在时

用法：A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B)习惯用语。

C)经常性、习惯性动作。例：He always helps others.（他总是帮助别人。）

D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。）How often does this shuttle bus run?（这班车多久一趟？）

F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事 情。

例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）

2.现在进行时(be doing)用法：现在正在进行的动作。

3.现在完成时(have done)

用法：A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell答案（C)

B)表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for 加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。

例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challengeB)may be challengedC)have been challengedD)are challenging全句意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应是被动语态；动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是

C)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B)may be challenged虽是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，不对。C)表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。例：John has broken his left leg.约翰摔断了左腿。注意事项：A)现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。）He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。）

B)因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。例：My sister has married.Don't disturb her.（终端动词）My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续）

C)在“this is the first/ second/ third„„ time that„„”句型里要求用完成时。

例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。）

D)句型“It is/ has been„„since”所使用的两种时态都正确。

例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。）

E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely „„when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中，主句要求完成时。例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授。）

4.现在完成进行时(have been doing)

用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

例：（1997年6月四级第45 题）It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take

the machine apart to put it right.A)had leakedB)is leakingC)leakedD)has been leaking

从本题上下文看，这两个句子的意思是：“看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前，并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此，空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D)has been leaking是现在完成进行时，因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B)is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time，表示谓语动作延续，谓语不能用现在进行时，必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时，所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。

5.一般过去时

用法：A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

B)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。

例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。）

He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）

C)有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？）

Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）

注意事项： A)注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。

B)used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。

Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示“过去常常或过去曾经”，要求加动词原形；后者表示“习惯于”，要求加名词或动名词。

6.过去完成时(had done)

用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示“过去的过去的动作或状态”。Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard

全句的意思是：“到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中：A)didn't hear，因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B)hasn't been hearing，现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作，与题意不符。C)hasn't heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。

例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（刚才有人在我们的房间里，因为我们打开前门进来时，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。）分析：虽然时间状语是just now，似乎应该使用一般过去时，但是“在房间里”这个状态是在“开门”和“注意”这两个过去的动作之前就存在的，所以应该用过去完成时。

7.过去将来时(would/ should do)

用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。

例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。）事项：由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的，所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。

8.过去进行时(was/ were doing)

用法：A)表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。）

B)如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前门时我正在洗头发。）注意事项：其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。

9.一般将来时

用法：A)基本结构是will / shall do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。）

B)有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。

例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）

C)表示“打算去„„，要„„”时，可用be going to do。

例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。）

D)表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。

例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查E)“be to do”的5种用法：

a)表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）

b)该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）

c)能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may）

例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）

d)不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。

例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attendedB.will be attended toC.is attendedD.is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是：attend表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

e)用于条件从句“如果„„想，设想”（接近if „„want to,或if „„should）

例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to beB)can beC)will beD)has been

答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”F)同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.（教练想要放弃这场比赛了，因为对方已经射进了7个球。）

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。）

10.将来进行时(will be doing)

用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

例：Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。）

注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可参考“一般将来时”和“现在进行时”的有关注意事项。

11.将来完成时(will have done)

用法：表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。

本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是：“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻，因此要用将来完成时。答案是B)will have lasted。如果选A)，因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测，而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性，但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以C)would last错误。因为D)has lasted是现在完成时，表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以也不正确。

注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。

12)将来完成进行时：（shall have been doing，will have been doing）

例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.（到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）（被动语态）

13)过去完成进行时：（had been doing）

例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。）（此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。）（被动语态）

14)过去将来进行时：（should be doing , would be doing）

例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。）（被动语态）

15)过去将来完成时：（should have done , would have done）

例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。）（此句为被动语态）

16)过去将来完成进行时：（should have been doing , would have been doing）

例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.（他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）

高中英语被动语态总结

一、被动语态的构成形式

1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1)am/is/are +done(过去分词)一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here．

4）was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）had been done 过去完成时 例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there.7）shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）

2.被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter

2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。