第一篇：【2014届高三一轮复习英语精品资料 专题五 动词的时态和语态(新课标专用)Word版含解析（最终版）
专题五 动词的时态和语态
一、动词时态的用法 1．一般现在时
(1)由连词if，unless，however等引导的时间(条件、让步)状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。
However much advice you give him，he will do exactly what he wants.(2)安排或计划要做的动作(有时间状语)限于begin，come，leave，go，arrive等一类动词。
I arrive in Beijing at 3∶00 p．m.tomorrow.2．一般过去时
过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day，often，sometimes等时间状语连用。
I used to play football when I was young.3．一般将来时
(1)will＋do表示将来的动作或状态，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用；或表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.注意：临时决定做某事，只能用此时态。—The lights in the classroom are still on.—Sorry，I’ll go and turn them off.(2)be going to＋do表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。此外还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推测。
Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.(3)be about to＋do表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要；很快，马上”。后面一般不跟具体的时间状语，但是可以由when连接一个并列句。
We are about to leave.(4)be to＋do表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情；还表示可能性、必要、责任、义务、禁止等。
She is to get married next month.(5)用现在进行时表示将来。表示位置转移的动词(go，come，leave，start，arrive等)，可用现在进行时表示将来。
Uncle Wang is coming.4．现在进行时
表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩，常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用。
She is always asking the same question.5．现在完成时
现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或者还要延续下去，句中常有since，for，yet，already等表示一段时间的状语。
Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.6．过去进行时
过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的过去某个阶段正在做的事情。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.7．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。
My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.(2)表示希望或打算的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等)的过去完成时，后接不定式to do时，表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。
I had planned to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so.(3)用于下列特殊句型中：
①hardly/scarcely/barely had...done...when...；no sooner had...done...than...。从句中用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly had I opened the door when he told me.②It/That/This was the first/second...time＋that从句。that从句要用过去完成时态。It was the second time he had been out with her.8．过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。
He always said that he would study hard at that time.二、被动语态的用法
1．不知道动作的执行者是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.2．当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关注而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.3．含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语，间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。
The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语)． →The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.4．在主动语态句中，动词make，have，let，see，watch，hear，feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都需加上to。
The boss made them work ten hours a day.→They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.三、注意事项
1．现在进行时用法注意点(1)状态性动词不用进行时态。
(2)进行时态和副词always，forever等连用时，往往带有一定的感情色彩，如赞扬、批评、不满、抱怨等。
2．过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示动作的未完成性、持续性，着眼于动作的过程；一般过去时表示动作的完成，即动作发生过，且已结束，着眼于结果。
She was writing a report last night and I don’t know if she has finished it.(表示昨晚一直在写)She wrote a report last night.(表示昨晚写了，并且写好了)3．语态
(1)动词sell，write，read等与well，smoothly，easily等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”、“特点”，用主动表示被动。
(2)表示状态特征的连系动词如smell，taste，feel，sound，look，prove等无被动语态，用主动形式表示被动意义。
(3)不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：come up，run out，give out等。(4)以被动的形式表主动意义：有些动词devote，surprise，seat，hide，station，dress等，由于能接反身代词，因此，可用被动形式表主动意义。
时态答题技巧
技巧1 熟练掌握常见的固定句型
在一些固定句型中，对谓语动词的时态有特别的规定，我们可以把这作为判断时态的一个依据。如下面的常见句型：
1．This/It/That is the first/second/last...time＋that...如主句中动词用is，则that从句中动词用现在完成时；如主句中动词用was，则that从句动词用过去完成时。
This is the first time I have visited China.这是我第一次参观中国。
It was the first time I’d had visitors since I’d moved to London.那是我搬到伦敦以后第一次有人来看我。
2．主句＋since ＋从句。在该句型中，主句常用现在完成时，(若主句主语是it或表示时间的词时，还可用一般现在时)，since从句常用一般过去时(偶尔会出现用现在完成时的情况)。
Cath hasn’t phoned since she went to Berlin.Cath自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。It is three years since I joined the army.我参军3年了。
3．It is(high)time that...在that从句中常用动词过去时或should do。It’s time that we went to school.到我们上学的时间了。
4．It ＋ be...before...这种结构意为“要……时间才……”或“在……时间以后才……”。若be动词用一般过去时，则before从句中常用一般过去时；若be动词用将来时，则before从句中常用一般现在时。
It will be a long time before we meet again.要过很久我们才能重逢。
It was half a year before I heard from him.半年之后我才收到他的信。
5．hardly/scarcely...when...；no sooner...than...在这两个句型中，when从句和than从句中常用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。意为“一……就……”。
No sooner had I left than he came.他一来我就离开了。
6．was/were about to do...when...在when从句中常用一般过去时。I was about to leave when he came.我正要离开这时他来了。[考题印证]
The book has been translated into thirty languages since it________on the market in 1973.(2010·重庆，24)A．had come
C．came
答案 C B．has come D．comes 解析 句意为：自从1973年上市以来，这本书已经被翻译成了30种语言。主句是现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，表示动作发生在过去。技巧2 利用试题中提供的时间状语确定时态
时态往往和一些特定的时间状语连用。如：every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday等常和一般现在时连用；...ago, the other day, in 2006, last week, just now等常和一般过去时连用；now, at present, at this time等常和现在进行时连用；tomorrow, next week, in ＋时间段等常和一般将来时连用；by the end of last week, before I went there等常标志着过去完成时。同时要注意，像副词always, forever, constantly等常与进行时连用，表示说话者的赞扬、批评、生气等语气。[考题印证] —Why do you know the company so well? —Oh，I________there for three years.A.worked B.would work C.had worked D.was working 答案 A 解析 有些考生认为“for three years”是完成时的标志，于是误选C。其实，过去完成时表示过去某个时间点之前的情况，显然与语境不符，因此正确答案为A。
技巧3 利用上下文语境推测时态
很多试题中没有时间状语，但是我们可以从试题所提供的语言环境或上下文来推测出动作发生的时间或从双方的交谈中“捕捉”到时间点，这就要求学生要有宏观把握句子和分析句子的能力。[考题印证] —Were you surprised by the ending of the film? —No.I________the book，so I already knew the story.(2010·安徽，28)A．was reading
B．had read C．am reading
D．have read
答案 B 解析 句意为：——你对这部电影的结局惊讶吗？——不，我已经读过这本书，早知道结局了。从上下文句意看，应用过去完成时。技巧4 利用时态的呼应来把握时态
若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态常用与过去相关的时态(表客观事实、科学真理的从句总用一般现在时)；若主句是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态不受主句的限制，可根据需要选用时态。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时表将来，或主句为过去时，则从句也用相对应的过去时。
He said that he had helped Tom.他说他已经帮过汤姆了。
I think he is ill today.我认为他今天病了。You will fail the test if you don’t work hard.如果你学习不努力，你考试会不及格。[考题印证] If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you________fresh watermelon in the fall.(2010·浙江，5)A．eat
B．would eat C．have eaten
D．will be eating 答案 D 解析 句意为：如果你春天播下西瓜种子，那么(整个)秋天就会吃上新鲜的西瓜了。因为从句用了一般现在时代替将来时，那么主句就要用一般将来时。因in the fall在此句中意为“在整个秋天”，相当于during the fall，强调了完整的时间段，故用will be eating将来进行时，表示在未来一段时间内一直进行的动作或存在的状态。
语态答题技巧
技巧1 固定搭配法
英语中有许多固定短语，如make use of, pay attention to, find fault with, take care of, take advantage of, keep pace with等，在试题中，常把短语中的名词拿出来作句子的主语，剩下的动词作谓语动词，如果能够看出它们构成固定的短语动词，则问题迎刃而解。[考题印证] The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune________.(2010·大纲全国Ⅰ，32)A．is made B．would make
C．was to be made
D．had made 答案 C 解析 句意为：在澳大利亚发现黄金这件事情使成千上万的人相信要发财了。thousands在此处指代成千上万的人，由led的时态可知A项不符合句意；而had made为过去完成时，发生在led动作之前，不符合语境；would make应该为would be made；故只有was to be made正确。
技巧2习惯表达法
在英语中有一些习惯表达，它们往往用主动形式表被动意义，如need/want/require/deserve doing ＝need/want/require/deserve to be done，be worth doing...等，在平时的学习中，要注意归纳和总结。[考题印证] Would you please make up a topic worth________in tomorrow’s conference? A．discussing
C．to discussed
答案 A 解析 worth作后置定语，修饰the topic；worth后常用doing，主动形式表被动。B．to be discussed D．being discussed
1．Until we have discussed all the details，no decision ________ about any new operations.A．will be made
B．is made C．is being made
D．has been made 答案 A 解析 考查时态。until引导的时间状语从句中现在完成时表示的是将来的动作，所以，主句用一般将来时。
2．In the past few years thousands of films ________ all over the world.A．have produced
B．have been produced C．are producing
D．are being produced 答案 B 解析 In the past few years为现在完成时的标志，主语“电影”和谓语动词“produce”为动宾关系，所以用完成时的被动语态。
3．Sorry.I would have come earlier，but I ________that you were waiting.A．didn’t know
B．hadn’t known C．don’t know
D．haven’t known 答案 A 解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：对不起，我该早来的，但是我不知道你一直在等我。前半部分用的是虚拟语气，是对过去情况的虚拟，后半部分叙述的是一个事实，意思是当时我不知道你在等，所以用一般过去时。
4．We’d better take umbrellas—I’m sure it ________ when we arrive in London；it’s always wet there at this time of year.A．will rain
B．is raining C．will be raining
D．would rain 答案 C 解析 考查动词的时态。when引导的是时间状语从句，一般现在时表示的是将来的动作，表示将来某个时间点正在进行的动作，用将来进行时，故选C。
5．Close the door of fear behind you，and you ________ the door of faith open before you.(2012·湖南，25)A．saw
B．have seen D．are seeing C．will see
答案 C 解析 句意为：关上你身后的惧怕之门，你就会看到信心之门在你面前敞开着。该句为：祈使句＋and＋陈述句。根据句意，陈述句谓语应该用一般将来时态。
6．I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers________before my eyes.(2012·新课标全国，33)A．swim
C．swam
答案 C B．swum D．had swum 解析 句意为：整个下午我都在做数学题，众多数字在我眼前晃来晃去。本题中的误导信息是had been working on，这是过去完成进行时态，受其误导易选D项，但是这里应用swam陈述过去的事实，所以选C项。
7．—You’ve got your flat furnished，haven’t you? —Yes.I ________ some used furniture at the Sunday Market and it was a real bargain.A．will buy
C．had bought
答案 D B．have bought D．bought 解析 考查时态。由后面的was可以看出，买二手家具是过去的一个动作，所以用一般过去时。
8．In the weeks before the Academy Awards ceremony，movie reviewers make predictions about which movies and actors________.A．have awarded
B．will award C．are awarded
答案 D 解析 考查时态和语态。由make predictions可以看出，动作还没有发生，所以用将来时，电影和演员是被奖励的，所以用被动语态，故选D。9．—Look!Somebody________the sofa.—Well，it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it.(2012·江西，26)A．is cleaning
C．has cleaned
答案 C 解析 从后面的回答可以看出事情已经完成了，前面一句是着重谈对现在的影响，用现在完成时态。句意为：——看，有人已经清理了沙发。——嗯，不是我，我没有做。10．—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon? —I’m sorry，but by then I ________ to Beijing.How about five？(2012·陕西，24)A．fly
B．will fly B．was cleaning D．had cleaned D．will be awarded C．will be flying
D．am flying 答案 C 解析 考查动词时态。根据问句中的two o’clock和答句中的by then可知所填词表示的动作在当时正在进行，用将来进行时，故选C。
11．It was a pity that when we got to the cinema，the movie ________，so we saw only the end of t.A．was finishing
B．has just finished C．just finished
答案 A D．had just finished
解析 考查时态。由下文的so we saw only the end of it可以看出，我们到的时候电影还没有放完，看到的是结尾，也就是说马上要放映完了，所以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。12．She ________ volleyball regularly for many years when she was young.A．was playing
C．has played
答案 B 解析 考查时态。由后面的时间状语when she was young来判断，这是客观的叙述过去的一个动作，所以应该用一般过去时。如果忽略了when she was young，仅仅从for many years判断，就会误选C。
13．—Have you seen Tom recently? —No.He ________ for a software company overseas.A．worked B．had worked B．played D．had played C．is working D．was working 答案 C 解析 考查时态。答语承前省略了标志词recently，所以用现在进行时。14．Next month a new road________in that part of the city.A．is built B．will be built C．will have built
D．is being built 答案 B 解析 next month 与一般将来时连用，且句子的主语a new road 与 build之间为被动关系，故B项正确。
15．You are not allowed to go into the meeting room.A secret plan________there.A．is being discussed B．is discussed C．was discussed D．is discussing 答案 A 解析 句意为：你不被允许进入会议室。一个秘密计划正在被讨论。应用现在进行时的被动语态。
第二篇：高三英语语法复习教案-动词时态语态
高三英语语法复习教案-动词时态语态 【时态的基本概念】
时态是表示谓语动作时间概念的动词形式。英语中的时态专指谓语动词而言，不同时间概念的谓语动作有不同的时态，每一个时态又有各自不同的动词形式。高中阶段要求学生熟练掌握八种时态，此外现在完成进行时在高中教材中反复出现，也应列入“应知应会”的范围。
1.一般现在时：经常发生的动作或规律性的动作。
Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food.(P.2, Senior Book1B)The moon travels round the earth once every month.(P.8, Senior Book2B)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的概念。引起时间状语从句的连词有：when, after, before, until, as soon as；引起条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless;so(as)long as。
I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free.(P.52, Senior Book1A)2.一般过去时：过去发生过了的动作，这个动作的全过程已经结束。诸如yesterday, last… …ago都是典型的一般过去时的时间状语。
Fortunately, I was in time for the interview.(P.34, Senior Book2B)The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could.(P.34, Senior Book2B)3.一般将来时：将要发生的动作。----It's a bit windy today, isn't it?----Yes, it is.Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.(P.43, senior Book2B)Besides, you will not find coral near the mouths of rivers either because the river water has too much soil in it or because it is polluted.(P.20, Senior Book2B)Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built?(P.24, Senior Book2B)4.现在进行时：说话时正在发生的动作。
I'm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.I'm trying to find the name of a famous person.Can you help me?(P.1, Senior Book2B)现在进行时同always配合使用时，带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。
They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating.(P.3, Senior Book1B)5.过去进行时:过去某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。
He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat.(P.32, Senior Book2B)Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.(P.6, Senior Book1B)6.现在完成时：与现在有联系的过去的动作。
Mr.Ball has just called on Mrs.Zhu to give her a message.(P.13, Senior Book2B)同现在的联系是：“刚刚探访了朱夫人，给她带了口信”，这件事距现在时间很近，没有多长时间。
We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you.(P.19, Senior Book1B)同现在的联系是：现在你们已经知道有关她的经历，不会影响做出决定。
7.过去完成时：比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来，有时通过上下文暗示。Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money.(P.14, Senior Book2B)本句中had left her a lot of money 发生在her parents were dead之前，比较容易看出“过去的过去”，应该不会产生理解上的困难。
Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt music as a young boy.(P.3, Senior Book2B)课文一直在叙述爱因斯坦的经历、成就，使用的都是一般过去时。或者我们可以说一般过去时是课文的基础时态。课文的最后又倒叙爱因斯坦少年时代的事情，这是比基础时态一般过去时更早的动作，因此两个并列的谓语动词都用过去完成时。在这类句子中，作为参照的动作或时间需要我们通过对文章的整体理解才能体会出来。
8.过去将来时：以过去某一时间为参照，将要发生的动作。在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求，经常会用到过去将来时。
I thought it was going to be fun.(P.54, Senior Book1A)针对 I thought 这个过去的动作而言的将来。
9.现在完成进行时： 由过去开始，延续到现在并且可能继续进行的动作。现在完成进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“一直┉”。
People have been talking of it a lot recently.(P.25, Senior Book2B)最近人们一直在大量地谈论这件事。
Pippa's parents have been waiting for them.(P.61, Senior Book2A)Pippa的父母一直在等他们。
For years we have been dreaming better housing and jobs.(P.37, Senior Book2B)多年来我们一直梦想着更好的住房和工作。【相关知识及运用】
1.一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别。
上述三个时态在使用中容易混淆是因为他们有相近的地方，这个相近之处就是“过去”。现在完成时和过去完成时的概念都同“过去”有关，彼此之间的混淆便由此产生。只有抓住他们的不同，才能熟练地将这三种时态区别开。①一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。
In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge.(P.56, Senior Book2B)向读者陈述1775年所发生的故事的地点、人物等有关信息。②现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况： a)过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。
----Would you go to see the film with me this evening?----Sorry, I have seen it before.have seen the film的动作肯定发生在过去，对现在的影响是“我不想和你去看了”。b)过去的动作延续到现在。表示这种延续时经常会用到for、since一类时间状语。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university.(从毕业一直延续到现在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years.(20年前发生的 “live”，一直延续到现在)③过去完成时必须有一个过去的动作作为参照点，由此发生了同一般过去时混淆的问题。过去完成时是一种相对的时态，它必须有一个过去的动作为参照，比这个过去的参照动作更早的动作才能用过去完成时。如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过去完成时，即使是一亿年前的动作也是一般过去时。
When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.got to the cinema是过去的动作，had begun则发生在got to the cinema 之前。进行时态的两种概念
现在进行时和过去进行时都具有两种不同的时间概念：瞬间概念和阶段概念。
①现在进行时的瞬间概念就是“说话的时候”。表示瞬间概念时，现在进行时的时态特点是，动作已经开始，正在过程中，但尚未结束。
基于这一特点，下列句子通常用现在进行时，以表达动作没有结束。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.I'm getting on well with my English.过去进行时的瞬间概念通常用表示“点时间”的时间状语表达出来。I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.②阶段概念的时间状语是“段时间”，表示在一段时间内一直在做的动作，至于动作是否结束则不是说话者所关心的。
He is writing a new novel these days.这些天他一直在写一本新小说。（没有干其他的事情）The workers were building a bridge last year.这些工人们去年一直在修建一座桥。2.将来时的五种动词形式
1.will(shall)+动词原形，用以表示“预见”和“主观意图” Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side.(P1, Senior Book2A)（表示“预见”）
Let's go together then.I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty.(P.19, Senior Book2A)
(表示“主观意图)2.be going to + 动词原形，用以表示”打算做某事“或”已经有迹象将要发生的情况。I'm going to cut this tree down.(P.25, Senior Book1B)It is going to rain.(有迹象表明将要下雨)3.be to +动词原形，用以表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止。
The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.(P.33, Senior Book2B)4.will be doing，在当代英语中用以表示纯粹的将来。Who will be taking over her job? Everybody else will be wearing jewellery.(P.13, Senior Book1B)5.用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。这种用法通常仅限于瞬间动词，因为瞬间动词不可能有“进行”的概念，所以不会产生歧义。
How many of you are making the trip?(P.9, Senior Book1B)Is anybody seeing you off?(P.13 Senior Book1A)
【语态的基本概念】 语态是表示主语、谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式。在英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。
主动语态所表达的主、谓、宾之间的关系是：主语发出或执行谓语动作，谓语动作的对象或承受者为宾语。即主语同谓语具有语意上的逻辑关系，谓语同宾语具有语意上的逻辑关系。被动语态所表达的关系是：动作的承受者做句子的主语，这时句子的主语和谓语之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.(P.8, Senior Book2B)谓语动词use同主语satellites for broadcasting具有逻辑动宾关系，因此使用被动语态。我们可以将这个句子恢复成正常的主、谓、宾关系：
We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.【相关知识及运用】
1.被动语态的动词形式问题： 在语言实践中，语态和时态总是结合在一起使用，每一个时态都有同它相对应的被动语态形式。
被动语态的基本形式：语态助动词be + 过去分词。
凡需进行时态变化时，只将be 变为与其相应的时态形式，过去分词永远不变。
动词do 的时态、语态形式变化对照表
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do(does)am(is, are)+ done 一般过去时 did was(were)+ done 一般将来时 will(shall)do will be + done 现在进行时 am(is are)doing am(is,are)being+done 过去进行时 was(were)doing was(were)being+done 现在完成时 have(has)done have(has)been+done 过去完成时 had done had been+done 过去将来时 would do would be + done 现在完成进行时 have(has)been doing 没有被动形式 过去完成进行时 Had been doing 没有被动形式
Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me;Follow Me to Science.(P.46, Senior Book1A)Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane.(P.9, Senior Book2B)They are already being used in agriculture and industry.(P.26, Senior Book2B)Computer will be used more and more in transport.(P.26, Senior Book2B)A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people.(P.46, Senior Book2B)2.高考试题实例分析 直接考查时态、语态知识的试题主要体现在单项选择和改错两个题型中，而且几乎每年都会考到，因此必须将时态、语态问题作为复习的重点内容，务求达到深刻理解，熟练运用。近年来高考命题的特点是，在特定的语言环境中考查对时态、语态的理解。试题的意图往往隐蔽、迂回，迷惑项的设计技巧很高，容易干扰考生的思维。如果没有对时态概念的深刻理解，没有对语言应用环境的综合分析，便会对试题感到困惑。下列试题可以帮助我们领悟高考命题的趋势。例1：
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly.（2001年高考试题）
A.is changing
B.has changed
C.will have changed
D.will change 答案为A。试题没有把考查的意图定位于对时态概念的简单理解，考生必须对现在进行时的本质特征----动作尚未完成，仍在过程中----有深刻的理解，否则将思路仅仅局限在“正在变化”、“已经变化”或“将要变化”，难于得出正确的结论。例2：
I ______ ping-pong quite well, but haven't had time to play since the new year.（2001年高考试题）
A.will play
B.have played
C.played
D.play 答案为D。but 分句使用现在完成时，将谈话的时间概念限定在“当前”。如果选C，前一分句说“过去”，后一分句说“现在”，不合逻辑。本句的意思是说“乒乓球一向打得好，只是最近一段时间没有打”，“乒乓球打得好”是一种技能，选用一般现在时，是“经常发生的动作”这一概念的扩展和延伸。例3：
----You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda.Do you like it?---I'm sorry I ______ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it's pretty on you.（2002年高考试题）
A.wasn't saying
B.don't say
C.won't say
D.didn't say 答案为D。sorry的原因是早先没有说到这件事，因此必须用一般过去时。例4：
The price ______, but I doubt whether it will remain so.（1999年高考试题）
A.went down
B.will go down
C.has gone down
D.was going down 答案为 C。目前价格的状况已经低下来，至于“价格下降”始于何时同谈话的内容无关。试题意在考查对“过去的动作对现在的影响”的理解。
时态语态基础训练1 I.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式填充。
1.Let's keep to the point or we ______ never_______(reach)any decisions.2.My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I______(miss)half of it.3.I don't think Jim saw me;he _____ just ______(start)into space.4.I ____(ask)you not to move my dictionary--now I can't find it.5.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______(begin)to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.6.--George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?
--No, I ______ ______ ______(invite).Did they have a big wedding?
7.Shirley _____(write)a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.8.John and I have been friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _____ ______(see)each other a couple of times before that.9.His wife _____ ______(hope)to catch the first train but she was too late.10.I _____ ______(catch)in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11.I found the sentence _____ ______(not read)smoothly.12.What he had said at the meeting _____(prove)true.13.---Did you see Tom at the party?
---No.He _____ _____(leave)by the time I arrived.14.---How time flies!It's already 10 o'clock.---Oh, I _____ _____(not realize)it at all.15.---I'm sorry that I shouldn't have been so rude to you.---You did_____(lose)your temper but that's OK.II.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式确翻译下列各句 ：
1.The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _____ _____(一直抓着)him but failed.2.--What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
--I had just finished my work and ____ _____(正准备开始)to take a shower.3.--You were out when I dropped in at your house.--Oh, I_____ _____(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport.4.---Why haven't you asked her to come here?
---She ________(正在做工)an important experiment when I found her and she hasn't finished it.5.---What were you up to when she dropped in?
---I_____ _____(刚玩了一会儿)for a while and _____ _____ _____ _____(正打算看书)some reading.6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______often_____(会看到)advertisement showing happy families.7.---What place is it?---Haven't you seen that we are back where we _____(回到了原地)? 8.---Tomorrow is my birthday.I'd like you and Jane to come.---I'm not sure if she _____ _____(将)free.9.The crazy fans ______ _____ ______(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.10.You_______ _______(要求你ask)not to move the desk--now it is broken.时态语态基础训练2 1.By the time I saw the angry expression in his face, I _____ exactly what I was having to face.But not for a moment _______ I should quit.A.had known;I thought
B.have known;had I thought
C.would know;I would think
D.knew;did I think 2.In such a fierce competition, a person h as to make every effort if he _____.A.has succeeded
B.is to succeed
C.should succeed
D.will succeed 3.The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if ______ that he had something to tell the doctor.A.saying
B.having said
C.to say
D.to have said 4.It should be 302.But I hear that it _____ till tomorrow.A.was put off
B.will put off
C.has been put off
D.is put off 5.The University of Tokyo is the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the lead when it comes to ____ new challenges.A.be faced
B.face
C.facing
D.faced 6.In fact, more and more people _____ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life”.A.chose
B.choose
C.are choosing
D.have chosen 7.Our car _____ at the present speed until it reaches Qingdao at about nine o'clock tonight.A.went
B.is going
C.goes
D.will be going 8.China is _____ to______ continued help to Iraq in its reconstruction.A.willingly;give
B.willing;giving
C.willing;offer
D.will;offering 9.I ________, but I can't leave until I finish typing all the letters.A.had planned to
B.planned to
C.am still planning to
D.was still planning to
10.Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _______ for Indonesia to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few words.A.has just left
B.was just leaving
C.had just left
D.just left 11.Has George returned from Japan yet? I'd like to meet him.Why do you look so upset?Usually at 13:15 but because of a small accident on the line, it
at 13:45.A．does;is going to start B．will;starts C．does;will start D．will;is to start 11.---How about my food? I __________ here for almost half an hour.---I'm sorry, sir.It must be ready by now.A.have been sitting
B.am sitting C.had been sitting
D.was sitting 12.---Remember the first time we met, Susan?---Of course I do.You _______ in the library.A.read
B.had read
C.were reading
D.would read 13.The number of people hurt in the traffic accident _______ to 95, the news agency reports.A.has increased
B.have increased
C.has been increased
D.have been increased 14.It seems that you _______ this report or you can see what I questioned just now.A.don't read B.didn't read C.haven't read D.hadn't read 15.-Hello, Jim.I
to see you today.Sonia said you
ill.-Oh I'm OK.A.didn't expect;were
B.don't expect;were C.haven't expected;are
D.are not expecting;are 16.We were very busy yesterday.Otherwise we _____ part in the discussion.A.would take
B.did take
C.had taken
D.would have taken 17.---My flight ______.I'd better be on my way.Goodbye.---Bye.Happy landing!A.was announced
B.is being announced
C.has announced
D.is announced 18Dear me!You
anything in the taxi!A.had never left
B.have never left
C.would never leave
D.never leave 19.This time next week, we _______astronauts from the Challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems.A.will see B.will have seen C.will be seeing D.shall see 20.Hey, Lee.I ___________ you never took interest in anything like this.What a surprise!A.don't think
B.didn't think C.think
D.thought 21.George had thought of paying a visit to the zoo with his children last Sunday, but he just ________ he would have so little time to spare.A.hadn't known
B.wouldn't know
C.knew
D.didn't know 22.Those who were late for school this morning，down your names on the blackboard!A.write
B.wrote
C.are writing
D.will write
时态语态高考题 2007年高考
1.The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.（全国卷I）
A.sold
B.had been sold
C.were sold
D.would sell 2.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago.（全国卷I）
A.are going
B.had been
C.went
D.have been 3.-Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.-Oh, nothing much.In fact, I ____ of my friends back home.（全国卷II）A.have just thought B.was just thinking C.would just think D.will just be thinking 4.-Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?
-I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.（全国卷II）A.had to B.didn't C.was going to D.wouldn't 5.-Did you tidy your room?（上海卷）
-No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.A.had B.have C.have had
D.will have 6.With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.（上海卷）A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered 7.They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.（山东卷）
A．had got
B．got
C．have got
D．get 8.-Did Peter fix the computer himself?-He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers.（安徽卷）A.has it fixed
B.had fixed it
C.had it fixed
D.fixed it 9.They became friends again that day.Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years.（安徽卷）
A.didn't speak
B.hadn't spoken
C.haven' t spoken D.haven' t been speaking 10.-How can I apply for an online course?
-Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.（北京卷）A.see
B.are seeing
C.have seen
D.will see 11.I got caught in the rain and my suit____.（北京卷）
A.has ruined
B.had ruined
C.has been ruined
D.had been ruined 12.-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.-Oh, don't mention it.I _____past your house anyway.（北京卷）
A.was coming
B.will come
C.had come
D.have come 13.-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.（福建卷）-Impossible.She
TV with me in my home then.A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14.Danny
hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.（福建卷）A.works
B.is working
C.has worked
D.worked 15.As the years passed, many occasions-birthdays, awards, graduations-________ with Dad's flowers.（湖南卷）
A.are marked
B.were marked
C.have marked
D.had marked
16.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year.（湖南卷）
A.studies
B.studied
C.is studying
D.has been studying 17.At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.（江苏卷）A.has been reached B.had been reached
C.has reached
D.had reached 18.-______ you ______ him around the museum yet?（江苏卷）-Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have … shown
B.Do … show C.Had … shown
D.Did … show 19.-Ouch!You hurt me!
-I am sorry.But I
any harm.I
to drive a rat out.（江西卷）A.didn't mean;tried
B.don't mean;am trying C.haven't meant;tried
D.didn't mean;was trying 20.-I have got a headache.-No wonder.You
in front of that computer too long.（江西卷）
A.work
B.are working
C.have been working
D.worked 21.I
there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.（陕西卷）A.would be B.have been C.had been D.will be 22.The unemployment rate in this district
from 6% to 5% in the past two years.（上海春）A．has fallen B．had fallen
C．is fall in
D．was falling 23.John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it
seriously.（上海春）A．damaged B．was being damaged
C．had damaged D．had been damaged 24.When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________.（四川卷）A．have marked
B.have been marked
C．had marked
D．had been marked 25.-Did you see a man in black pass by just now?
-No, sir.I ________ a newspaper.（四川卷）
A.read
B.was reading
C.would read
D.am reading 26.If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology.（天津卷）
A.had discovered
B.had been discovered
C.has discovered
D.has been discovered 27.-Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.（浙江卷）-________? That's his third one in just one month.A.Had he
B.Did he
C.Does he
D.Has he
28.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.（浙江卷）
A.hasn't been decided
B.haven't decided
C.isn't being decided
D.aren't decided 29.The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre.（浙江卷）
A.have arrived
B.arrived
C.had arrived
D.arrive 30.-Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?-Yes, he did.He ________ his old friends for a long time.（重庆卷）
A.didn't see
B.wouldn't see
C.hasn't seen D.hadn't seen 31.Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.（重庆卷）
A.is said to be buying
B.is said to have bought
C..had said to buy
D.has said to have bought 32.-Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?-As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _______.（重庆卷）A.writes B.does writing
C.is writing
D.does write 33.When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone.Where______?（重庆卷）A.did you go
B.have you gone
C.were you
D.had you been 34.-Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
-Yes, I have.I guess it ______ now.（辽宁卷）
A.has graded
B.is graded
C.is being graded
D.is grading 35.-Has your father returned from Africa yet?-Yes, but he _____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.（辽宁卷）A.was
B.has been
C.will be
D.would be 2008年高考
1.-Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?（全国I卷）-Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.A.has joined B.joins
C.had joined
D.joined 2.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ______ to arrive.（全国I卷）A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects
D.will be expected 3.-----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?（安徽卷）
-----Yes, I did.You know, my brother ________ in the match.A.is playing
B.was playing
C.has played
D.had played 4.I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.（安徽卷）A.taught
B.have taught
C.are taught
D.have been taught 5.So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.（福建卷）A.saw
B.see
C.had seen
D.have seen 6.I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through.Her brother _____ on the phone all the time!（湖南卷）
A.was talking
B.has been talking
C.has talked
D.talked 7.Well, I'm thinking about the salary….（湖南卷）
A.offer
B.will offer
C.are offered
D.will be offered 8.-I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.-I think so.He ______ for it for months.（江苏卷）A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing 9.By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.（山东卷）A.walks
B.walked C.has walked D.had walked 10.I ______it to you this morning!（浙江卷）
A.would lend
B.was lending
C.had lent
D.lent 20.-What's that noise?（浙江卷）
-Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine ______ A.was tested
B.will be tested
C.is being tested
D.has been tested 21.-Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?-Who _______ it?（北京卷）
A.writes
B.has written
C.wrote
D.had written 22.The hotel wasn't particularly good.But I ____ in many worse hotels（北京卷）.A.was staying
B, stayed
C.would stay
D.had stayed 23.No decision
about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.（北京卷）
A.will be made
B.is made
C.is being made
D.has been made 24.He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.（天津卷）A.was playing
B.played
C.has played
D.had played 25.Judy is going to marry the sailor she __ in Rome last year.（重庆卷）A.meets
B.met
C.has met
D.would meet 26.He __ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.（重庆卷）
A.regarded
B.was regarded
C.has regarded
D.had been regarded 27.Teenagers __ their health because they play computer games too much.（重庆卷）A.have damaged
B.are damaging
C.damaged
D.will damage 28.Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?(上海卷)Terry? Never!She ___ tents and fresh air!A.has hated
B.hated
C.will hate
D.hates 29.In recent years many football clubs ___ as business to make a profit.(上海卷)A.have run
B.have been run C.had been run D.will run
参考答案
时态语态基础训练1 I.1.will never reach
2.missed
3.was;staring
4.asked
5.began
6.hadn't been invited
7.wrote
8.had seen
9.had hoped
10.was caught 11.didn't read
12.proved
13.had left
14.didn't realize
15.lose II.1.was holding
2.was starting
3.was waiting
4.was doing
5.had played;was going to do
6.will;see
7.were
8.will be
9.had been waiting
10.was asked 时态语态基础训练2 1-10 DBCCC CDCCB
11-20 AABCA DBCDC
时态语态强化训练
1-5 BCCDD
6-10 ABBDB
11-15 ACACA
16-21 DBBCD
21-22 DA
时态语态高考题 2007年高考
1-5 CCBCA 6-10 DBCBD 11-15 CADCB
16-20 DBADC 21-25CADBB 26-30 DBABD
31-35BBCCA 2008年高考题
1-5 DABDD
6-10 ACDCA
11-15 CDACA 26-29 BBDB
21-25CDABB 16-20 ABBDC
第三篇：2015高考英语复习2014高三真题_动词时态与语态解析
2015年高考英语3天迅捷提分密码详情请到百度文库中输入”沈阳高分英语家教”或”沈阳英语家教查询”!
2014全国高考汇编之动词时态与语态
一（2014安徽卷）23．The twins, Whotheir homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A.will finishB.finishC.have finishedD.had finished
考点】考察时态【答案】D【解析】句义：已经完成了他们的家庭作业，这对双胞胎被允许在操场上打羽毛球。根据句义可知他们完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球之前。而他们被允许打羽毛球已经使用了一般过去时，所以完成作业应该使用过去完成时。故D正确。
【举一反三】---Peter, do you know who____ my dictionary ?A.has taken awayB.was taking away
---Sorry , I don’t know.I didn’t do it.C.had taken awayD.is taking away
【答案】A试题分析：句意：--皮特，你知道谁把我的字典拿走了吗？--对不起，我不知道，我没有拿。这里拿走发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，不知在什么地方，故用现在完成时。
二（2014北京卷）22.---Hi, let’s go skating.A.fillB.have filled---Sorry, I’m busy right now.I ___ in an application form for a new job.C.am fillingD.will fill
【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】句意：—喂，我们五滑冰吧！—对不起，我现在很忙，我正在填写一份新的工作申请表。根据句意可知本句是在叙述说话时正在进行，正在发生的事情，所以使用现在进行时。故C正确。【试题延伸】时态题的考查关键是抓住句子的上下文含义和句中的时间状语。要根据时间状语来选择合适的时态，在平时的学习中要注意积累有关时态的用法和各种时态的特殊之处。
【举一反三】——I hear youin a pub.what’s it like?A.are workingB.will work
——Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.C.were workingD.will be working
【答案】A【考点】考查动词的时态。【解析】句意为“——我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？——咳，这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。”对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A。
三（2014北京卷）23.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.A.byB.inC.forD.until
【考点】考察将来时和介词使用【答案】B
【解析】本题的关键是the train to the airport leaves火车将要离开；在这句话里使用了一般现在时代替将来时，表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。实际上本句是一个将来时，四个选项里只有“in+一段时间”可以和将来时连用。句意：Jane很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。故B正确。
四（2014北京卷）31.---What time is it?A.checkB.checked---I have no idea.But just a minute, I ______ it for you.C.will checkD.would check
【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是will的一个特殊用法。句意：—现在几点了？—我不知道。可是请你稍等，我现在就帮你看一下。根据句意可知不可能是过去发生的事情，排除BD项。我为你去看时间属于将要发生的事情，所以使用will表示临时决定要做某事。故C正确。
五（2014北京卷）32.I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.A.startedB.was startingC.would startD.had started
【考点】考察时态【答案】D【解析】句意：我发现这个报告很难懂，因为当我到的时候，它已经开始了。根据句意可知这个报告是在我到达之前就开始看，而句中我到达使用了arrived，而报告是在这之前发生的，所以使用过去完成时。故D正确。
【举一反三】—Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
—We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.A.wereB.have beenC.had beenD.will be
〖答案〗C.〖考点〗考查时态题.〖解析〗我们去海边发生在过去.而我们忙于工作在此之前.因此用过去完成时.六（2014大纲卷）22.Unless extra money____, the theatre will close.A.was foundB.findsC.is foundD.found
【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是时态。句义：除非找到另外的投资，否则这个电
2015年高考英语3天迅捷提分密码详情请到百度文库中输入”沈阳高分英语家教”或”沈阳英语家教查询”!
影院就监视被关闭。本句中Unless引导的是一个条件状语从句，使用一般现在时代替将来时，后面的主句
使用将来时。根据句义可知mony和find构成被动关系，所以也要使用被动语态。故C正确。
七（2014大纲卷）32.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______ them since.A.seesB.sawC.has seenD.had seen
【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】句义：这些报告在2012年就不见了，从那以后没有人看见过它
们。本句的关键词是since自从那时。根据句义可知是指自从2012年这些文件不见是开始，到现在为止没
有人看见。Since经常和现在完成时连用的。故C正确。
【举一反三】—The window is dirty.A.hasn’t cleanedB.didn’t clean
— I know.It ________ for weeks.C.wasn’t cleanedD.hasn’t been cleaned
〖答案〗D〖考点〗该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。
〖解析〗关键词for weeks, 考虑现在完成时, 表示到目前为止的结果, 好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是
被动关系, 故被动语态。句意；“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。”注：由终止性动词leave, arrive,come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或
since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如：I haven’t met him
for two years.八（2014福建卷）23.—Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you been?A.stayedB.stay
—I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.C.had stayedD.am staying
【考点】考察时态【答案】A
【解析】句义：—很久没有看见你了！你到哪里去了？—我去了宁夏，并在那里待了一年时间，作教书的志愿者。本句只是叙述我过去在宁夏待了一年，没有强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。而且也没有持续
到现在，因为我已经回来了。所以不需要使用完成时，使用一般过去时陈述事实即可。故A正确。
【举一反三】----Where_____the recorder ?I can not see it anywhere.-----I_____it right here.But now it is gone!
A.did you put,have putB.have you put, putC.had you put,was puttingD.were you putting,have put
【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：考查时态。句意：—你把录音机放在什么地方了？我找不到。—我就放
在这儿。但是现在不见了。根据句意说明第一空询问的是过去发生的事情对现在的影响，故使用现在完成时。第二空就是陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故B正确。
九（2014湖南卷）28.Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more
beautiful.A.tryB.have been tryingC.are tryingD.will try
【考点】考察时态【答案】B【解析】本题考察时态，关键词是since….自从…；since引导的从句经
常要和现在完成时以及现在完成进行时连用。句义：自从人类开始搞园艺活动到现在，我们一直都在让我们的环境更美丽。本句使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的持续性和反复性。故B正确。
【试题延伸】关键是抓住句子的上下文含义和句中的时间状语。要根据时间状语来选择合适的时态，在平
时的学习中要注意积累有关时态的用法和各种时态的特殊之处。如since，so far等经常与现在完成时连用。在条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时等等。
【举一反三】He_____ articles for our wall-newspaper these years, and he____ about thirty articles.A.has written;wrote B.has been writing;wroteC.is writing;has been writing D.has been writing;has written
【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：第一个空表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能持
续下去，故用现在完成进行时；第二个空表示自过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历，用现在完成时。
十（2014湖南卷）34.Whenever you, a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of
view.A.bought B.have boughtC.will buy D.buy
【考点】考察时态【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是时态。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，通常
使用一般现在时代替将来时，后面的主句通常使用将来时。句义：无论何时你购买礼物的时候，你都应该
从接受者的角度来考虑问题。故D正确。
【举一反三】Frank_____ London by train which ____ at 8:30 next morning.A.is leaving for;will leaveB.is leaving for;leavesC.will leave for;will leaveD.leaves for;leaves
【答案】B试题分析：考查将来时的表达法。现在进行时代替将来时表示按照计划安排要发生的事情。
用一般现在时代替将来时表示按照机场，车站的时间表要发生的事情。本题第一空是指按照安排要发生的事情，第二空指按照时刻表要发生的事情。故B正确。
十一（2014江苏卷）23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media ________ _________it in a variety of forms.A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered
【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】句意：—你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？—很好，媒
体以多种形式对青奥会举行了报道。根据本句中的well，可知后者对青奥会很了解。这主要是因为媒体多
种形式的报道，本句使用现在完成时体现出过去所发生的事情对现在的影响。故C正确。
【试题延伸】动词时态是高考的热点，英语的时态多，又很复杂，现在的高考不是纯粹考时态的问题，而
是把它们放在一定的语言环境里，让考生根据特定的环境来确定答案。
【举一反三】---Peter, do you know who____ my dictionary ?A.has taken awayB.was taking away
---Sorry , I don’t know.I didn’t do it.C.had taken awayD.is taking away
【答案】A试题分析：句意：--皮特，你知道谁把我的字典拿走了吗？--对不起，我不知道，我没有拿。这里拿走发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，不知在什么地方，故用现在完成时。
十二（2014江西卷）----Tony , why are your eyes red ?A.cutB.was cutting
---I __ up peppers for the last five minutes.C.had cutD.have been cutting
【考点】考察时态【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是现在完成进行时。句义：—Tony，为什么你的眼
睛那么红啊？—在过去的的5分钟里，我一直都在切辣椒。根据句义可知本句表示在过去的一段时间里一
直都在做某事，所以使用现在完成进行时表示动作的持续性和反复性。故D正确。
【举一反三】---We've spent too much money recently.---Well，it isn't surprising.Our friends and relatives ______ around all the time.A.are comingB.had comeC.were comingD.have been coming
【答案】D试题分析：考查时态：句意:--最近我们花了很多钱。--不奇怪。我们的朋友和亲戚一直过来。可知最近一段时间一直有亲戚朋友来，用现在完成进行时。选D。
十三（2014山东卷）1.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______.A.will expectB.are expectingC.expectD.had expected
【答案】D【解析】本题考察的时态。句义：手工写下所有的邀请函要比我们预料的花去更多的时间。根据句义可知我们预料是在实际上写之前发生的，而本句中实际写花去的时间使用了过去时was，所以
expect使用过去完成时。故D正确。【试题延伸】时态题的考察要特别注意动词发生的先后顺序，尤其是
现在完成时或者过去完成时，这一点特别明显。
【举一反三】-----We didn’t find Smith attending the lecture.A.told;there to beB.had told;there to be
------No one _____ him about ______ a lecture the following day.C.told;there wasD.had told;there being
【答案】D【解析】考查时态和非谓语。根据前面一句可知told动作发生在didn’t find之前，故用过去
完成时;而about是个介词，故后面应用there being.十四（2014山东卷）5.They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.A.boughtB.would buyC.have boughtD.had bought
【考点】考察时态【答案】B【解析】本题考察的是时态。句义：他们决定，一旦larry 换了工作，他们就买一个新房子。本句中的would表示的是过去将来时。他们是在过去决定一个将要发生的事情，所
以使用过去将来时。故B正确。
十五（2014陕西卷）22.During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________,A.would recommendB.had recommendedC.have recommendedD.were recommending
【考点】考察时态【答案】B【解析】句义：在Jerry待在西安期间，他尝试了他的朋友向他推荐的几乎所有的食物。根据句义可知他的朋友向他推荐食物是在Jeery尝试的食物之前，句中已经使用了
tried，所以推荐使用过去完成时。故B正确。
十六（2014四川卷）9.She ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A.phonedB.had phonedC.was phoningD.has phoned
【考点】考察上下文语境时态【答案】C【解析】句意：她正在和一个人打电话，于是我向她点了下头便走了。根据后句I nodded to her and went away“我只向她点了下头”说明她正在打电话。所以使用过去进行时表示在过去某个时间正在进行的事情。故C正确。
【举一反三】I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through.Her brother ______ on the phone all the time.A.has been talkingB.was talkingC.has talkedD.talked
【答案】B试题分析：考查时态：句意：我昨天晚上给汉娜打了几次电话，但一直打不通，他弟弟一直在打电话，说明是昨天晚上我打电话的时候，她的弟弟一直在打电话.用过去进行时，选B。
十七（2014天津卷）11.We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.A.are being madeB.will be madeC.have been madeD.had been made
【考点】考察时态【答案】C【解析】通常说来, 在时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，前面的主句中使用将来时。在高中英语中也使用现在完成时代替将来时，表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。句义：直到所有的准备工作都做好以后，我们才开始工作。故C正确。
十八（2014浙江卷）11.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests before.A.has seenB.had seenC.sawD.would see
【考点】考察时态【答案】B【解析】句意：Sofia回顾四周所有的脸庞，她有印象她之前见过大部分的客人。根据句意可知她见过这么多的客人是在她拥有这个印象之前发生的事情，本句中had说明看见这么多客人应该使用过去完成时。故B正确。
【举一反三】-----We didn’t find Smith attending the lecture.A.told;there to beB.had told;there to be------No one _____ him about _____ a lecture the following day.C.told;there wasD.had told;there being
【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和非谓语。根据前面一句可知told动作发生在didn’t find之前，故用过去完成时;而about是个介词，故后面应用there being.十九（2014重庆卷）4.You’d better write down her phone number before you ___ it.A.forgetB.are forgettingC.forgotD.will gorget
【考点】考察时态【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是时态题中的一个常考的用法。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常常使用一般现在时代替将来时。本句中的连词before引导的就是一个时间状语从句，所以使用一般现在时代替将来时。句意：在你忘记之前最好把他的电话号码写下来。故A正确。
【举一反三】The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people_______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A.persuadeB.will persuadeC.be persuadedD.are persuaded
【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。在条件句和时间状语从句中，使用一般现在时代替将来时，主语用将来时。而且人们是被说服吃更多的水果和蔬菜。故D正确。
二十（2014重庆卷）8.James has just arrived, but I didn’t knowhe ___until yesterday.A.will comeB.was comingC.had come D.came
【考点】考察时态【答案】B【解析】本题考察的是过去进行时表示过去将来时的用法。当表示事先计划好的，安排好的要发生的事情，且谓语动词是一些表示位置变化的动词，如：leave, come等的时候，可以使用进行时表示将来时。句意：James已经到了，但是知道昨天我才知道他要来。根据句意可知他要来这里是计划好的事情，且动词come表示的是位置变化。故B正确。
【举一反三】The moment ____ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously.A.cameB.has comeC.was comingD.is coming
【答案】D【解析】本题考查时态。【解析】根据soon可知为将来的事情，且是直接引语，应为现在，所以选D，进行时态表将来。动词的时态 现在进行时态表将来。
第四篇：2014高三英语一轮语法练习(6)动词的时态和语态范文
（6）动词的时态和语态
1．(2012·唐山质检)—What's that terrible noise,David?
—Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machines in the nearby plant________.A．were testedB．will be tested
C．are being testedD．have been tested
2．(2012·烟台检测)The attackers were arrested and didn't know where they________.A．would takeB．are taken
C．were being takenD．will be taken
3．(2012·南京调研)People begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessary measures for preventing them________ taken in the past.A．are notB．were not
C．hadn't beenD．wouldn't be
4．(2012·淮阳检测)—Monitor?
—I'm not monitor of our class.I________ with the teacher until the monitor is elected.A．will just helpB．am just to help
C．am just helpingD．have just helped
5．(2012·南京检测)—I hear you________ at Smith's.—Yes,I________ there for about three months.A．work;had been working
B．worked;was working
C．are working;have been working
D．worked;have worked
6．(2012·徐州调研)—Why didn't you come to the cinema with us last Saturday?
—Oh,sorry.But I________ the film.A．seeB．saw
C．have seenD．had seen
7．A big step ________ to strengthen China health care systems since we launched an effort in 2008.A．has been takenB．is being taken
C．was takenD．had been taken
8．(2012·汕头模拟)I have been on diet for months and next time you see me,I ________ five pounds.A．will have lostB．will lose
C．have lostD．am losing
9．(2012·启东模拟)—Are you going to further your studies after graduation?
—Well,I________ yet.I might make some other choices.A．didn't decideB．haven't decided
C．don't decideD．hadn't decided
10．(2012·信阳质检)Mary,I should tell you it is the third time that you________ your homework.A．forgot to doB．forgot doingC．have forgotten to doD．had forgotten doing
11．—We thought he would have won the game.—What a pity！He ________ too nervous when playing.A．had beenB．has been
C．wasD．would have been
12．(2012·长春质检)—When did you move to Sanya?
—In 2008.But I________ in Tibet for 8 years.A．has workedB．has been worked
C．have been workingD．worked
13．—Can you give some advice on what I said just now?
—Sorry.My mind ________.A．is wanderingB．was wandering
C．has wanderedD．has wandered
14．(2012·荆门二模)—Look！What a mistake！Why?
—Sorry,I________ on it.A．don't concentrate
B．hadn't concentrated
C．haven't been concentrating
D．wasn't concentrating
15．(2012·大连二模)After moving for a while, the driver realized that he ________ in the wrong direction.A．is drivingB．was driving
C．droveD．would drive
16．(2012·南京调研)—Jim, can you get in touch with Peter?
—I'm sorry, but I ________ his telephone number.A．don't knowB．didn't know
C．haven't knowD．won't know
17．—That must have been a challenging examination.—Yes.It ________ me half a year to get ready for it.A．takesB．took
C．has takenD．was taking
18．(2012·漳州模拟)—Mike left the airport two minutes ago.—Oh, can you tell me when he ________ home?
A．getsB．will get
C．gotD．has got
19．(2012·淮阳月考)With the sharp drop of the share prices all around the world, some economists predicted that the second economic crisis ________ soon.A．cameB．has come
C．would comeD．had come
20．(2012·深圳调研)The famous writer ________ in a coal mine for 15 years.When he was 36, a person was to change his life.A．has workedB．had worked
C．workedD．works解析：考查动词的时态。根据问句中的What's that terrible noise 可知,这里应该用进行时态,噪音是机器正在被检测时发出的,所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
答案：C解析：句意为：袭击者被捕了,他们不知道正被带往何处。根据didn't know 可知,空格处也应该用过去的某种时态,所以B、D不正确;根据句意可知此处用被动语态,故选C。
答案：C解析：句意为：人们开始了解到由于在过去没有采取必要的预防措施从而造成了大多数的环境问题。in the past暗示出用过去时态;hadn't been 指在一个过去的动作或时间之前发生的事情;wouldn't be 表过去将来,故B项正确。
答案：B解析：考查时态。下句意为：我只是在帮助老师,直到选出班长为止。根据上下句语意可知,此处用现在进行时,表示答话者当时所处的状态。
答案：C解析：本题考查时态。听说你正在Smith's 上班,因此应该使用现在进行时态;我在那里已经工作大约三个月了(可能还会持续下去),因此需要使用现在完成进行时态。
答案：C解析：考查动词的时态。由语意可知,这个电影在上周六(last Saturday)之前就已经看过了,也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”,因此应该用过去完成时。
答案：D解析：考查时态。since(自从)所在的从句用了一般过去时,主句一般用现在完成时。
答案：A解析：本题考查动词时态。句意为：我已经减肥好几个月了,等下次再见我时,我就会轻五磅。根据语境知句子要用将来完成时,故A项正确。
答案：A解析：本题考查动词时态。从答语：也许还有别的打算可知,目前还没有做出决定,故用现在完成时。答案：B解析：考查时态和非谓语动词。“It is(was)the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”,表示“是某人第几次做某事”,在此句型中,若前面为it is,则that 从句用现在完成时,若前面为it was,则that 从句用过去完成时;而forget to do sth.表示忘了应去做某事,forget doing sth.表示忘了已做过某事。根据语意可知此题应选C。
答案：C解析：考查动词时态。句意为：他当时太紧张了。答语是对过去事实的陈述,用一般过去时。答案：C解析：考查时态。由题干可知答话人在2008年搬到三亚之前曾在西藏工作过8年,叙述的是过去的事实,故应用一般过去时。
答案：D解析：考查动词的时态。从语境可知“刚才你说话的时候,我走神了”,此处强调“过去某个时刻正在进行”的状态,所以用过去进行时,答案选B项。
答案：B解析：考查时态。此处表示的是在说话之前的那段时间内没有专心,因此用过去进行时。
答案：D解析：考查时态。用过去进行时态表示过去某段时间正在发生的事情。司机意识到他正开往错误的方向。
答案：B解析：考查时态。此处强调目前的状况,故用一般现在时态。
答案：A解析：考查时态。句中的must have been表示的是对过去情况的肯定推测,可推断考试发生在过去,故用一般过去时态。
答案：B解析：考查时态。when引导一个宾语从句,根据语意可知此处讲的是将来的事情,故用一般将来时态。
答案：B解析：考查时态。根据时间状语soon可知此处用将来时态,本句的主句谓语动词为一般过去时态,故此处应用过去将来时态。
答案：C解析：考查动词的时态。根据语意可以判断此处描述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时态。此处不强调一个动作对另一个动作的影响或动作的先后顺序,不用过去完成时。
答案：C
第五篇：高三英语复习教学案语法时态和语态
曹州一中高三英语复习教学案
（五）专题五 动词时态和语态
一动词时态概述及基本用法
一、时态中的一般体 【精华知识巨献】
1一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或表示现在、过去的状态。所谓一般体表示不“进行”。It was Bob that broke the window(完成)。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日三餐。（现在的习惯）He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。（现在的状态）When I was a boy,I often went to play in that park.在我小时候，常去那个公园玩。（过去的习惯）2一般现在时还可表示客观真理、科学事实。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
3一般现在时还可用在if,unless,even if引导的条件状语从句，由when,before,until(till),as soon as,the moment,once引导的时间状语从句，由no matter what/who/which/when/where/how或whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来（出现will/shall/can/must）或主句是祈使句。I'll go with you as soon as I finish my work.我一完成作业就跟你去。—Can I join your club,Dad?
我可以参加你的俱乐部吗？爸爸？ —You can when you get a bit older.当你长大点时你可以参加。
If city noises are not kept from increasing,people will have to shout to be heared even at the dinner table 20 years from now.如果城市的噪音不得以控制而上升的话，从现在算起，20年后人们在餐桌上吃饭时为了让对方听到自己也将不得不大声地喊。Whatever you say,I will not change my mind.不论你说什么，我都不会改变我的想法。
4语境中的一般过去时往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。—Come in,Peter.I want to show you something.彼特，过来。我想给你件东西。
—Oh,how nice of you!I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.哦，你真好！我没想到你会给我带来一件礼物。Your phone number again?I didn't quite catch it.再说一遍你的电话号码好吗？我没有听清楚。5一般将来时的用法
（1）“will/shall+动词原形”表示从现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事
物的固有属性或必然趋势。
Tom will come back next week.汤姆将在下周回来。
Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。
（2）“be going to+动词原形”多用在口语中，表示“计划、打算、即将做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。
He is going to speak on TV this evening.他计划今晚到电视台讲话。Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.看这乌云，要下雨了。
（3）“be about to+动词原形”表示立即的将来（immediate future）,因此，该句型不与具体的时间状语连用，但可与when引导的时间状语从句连用。
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
（4）有些动词如come,go,stay,arrive,leave,begin,start等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或状态。
He comes here tonight.他打算今晚来这儿。
I arrive in Beijing at 3:00 p.m.Tomorrow.我明天下午3点到北京。
What are you doing next week?下周你打算做什么？（5）be to+动词原形
①表示按计划或安排要做的事。
When are you to leave for New York？你什么时候去纽约？ She is to get married next month.她下个月结婚。
这种结构也可用于过去。was/were to do sth.表示曾经计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示命运（即命中注定要发生的事）；was/were to have done sth.表示未曾实现的计划。
I felt excited because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很激动，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。We were to have told you,but you were not in.我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。
②表示“指令”，相当于should,ought to,must,have to。What is to be done？应该怎么办呢？
This medicine is to be taken three times a day.这种药一天要服三次。The books in this room are not to be taken outside.（=The books in this room mustnt be taken outside.）这个房间里的书籍不得带出室外。
③表示“想，打算”，相当于intend,want。
If we are to be there before ten,well have to go now.如果我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。④用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。Am I to go on with the work?要我继续这项工作吗？ What are we to do next？我们下一步该怎么办？
⑤在与be to连用的结构中，see,find,congratulate的不定式的被动式有特殊的用法。The news is to be found in the evening paper.这条消息可以在晚报上见到。
He is nowhere to be seen.在哪里也见不到他。You are to be congratulated.应该向您表示祝贺。
二时态中的进行体
【精华知识巨献】
1一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我弟弟骑自行车时从车子上摔了下来，伤了自己。
The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.同学们在忙着写作，这时布朗老师去取她忘在办公室的书。Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.当没人注意的时候，汤姆溜进了那所房子。2表示动作的未完性、暂时性。
—Have you moved into the new house？
你搬进新房了吗？
—Not yet.The rooms are being painted.还没呢，房子还正在粉刷呢。（未完性）I dont really work here;I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不是在此工作，我只是在帮忙，新秘书来了我就走。（暂时性）
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.选手机供个人使用不是一件容易事因为技术变化太快。（“变化”尚未完成）
3表示按计划、安排要做的事。
Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my mum.我获得了一次去佛罗里达度两天假的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。（计划）4表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况
I first met Lisa 3 years ago.She was working at a radio shop at that time.三年前我第一次见到莉萨，当时她正在一家卖收音机的商店工作。—Is this raincoat yours?这是你的雨衣吗？ —No,mine is hanging there behind the door.不是，我的在门后挂着呢。
5表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always,continually,constantly连用
He is always thinking of others first.他总是先想到他人。
He is always making the same mistake.他总是犯同一个错误。
三时态中的完成体
【精华知识巨献】
一、现在完成时
1一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也许还将持续下去）。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：
lately,recently,so far,for two years,since last year,in the last/past few years,since then.up to now等。
I have lived here since I was born.我从出生一直住在这里。
I have known him since then.我从那时就认识他了。
2一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用状语有already,just(刚刚)，yet,never,before等。He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)
他已经关掉了灯。The concert has started.(=The concert is on now.)
会议已经开始了。
I have already seen the film.(=I know the film now.)
我已经看过这部电影了。3This/It is the first/second...time+that从句。that从句谓语要用现在完成时。This is the first time I have come here.这是我第一次来这里。4在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.只有我亲眼看到，我才会相信你的话。（强调“看完”）I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.我干完了工作就和你一起去。（强调“干完”）
二、过去完成时
1一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它（即表“过去的过去”），那么发生在前的事情的动词须用过去完成时。这时时间状语可用before等介词 短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可通过上下文来表示。
She had learned some English before she came to the institute.她在来学院前已学过一些英语。
He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.他说他在国外待了3年了。2表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：by then,by that time,until,by the end of,before 2000,by the time+句子等。
By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了3年英语了。
Until then he had known nothing about it.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。3Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had...done...when...;No sooner had...done...than...,when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than)the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre.我们才刚刚开动，汽车的轮胎就漏气了。
4It was/had been+一段时间+since从句。since从句中谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们十年没这么高兴了。
5That/It was the first/second...time+that从句。that从句谓语要用过去完成时。
It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
That was the first time that I had passed the exam.那是我第一次考试及格。
6表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）
I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at the moment.我本想帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。
I had thought you would come tomorrow.我原以为你明天才来呢。
三、将来完成时
将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为：by+将来的某个时间。
By this time of next year,all of you will have become college students.到明年的这个时候，你们大家就都成了大学生了。
四时态中的完成进行体 【精华知识巨献】
现在完成进行时的用法：
现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。完成进行体是完成体和进行体的组合，因此，它具备完成体和进行体的一些因素，如：它具备进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩等”的特点。
He has been learning English for 6 years.他学习英语有6年了。（从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学）
It has been raining for 3 days.雨已经下了3天了。（强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩）
五
主动与被动
【精华知识巨献】
一、被动语态
（一）被动语态的构成
英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标志的，而被动语态则是有标志的。被动语态由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成。助动词 be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：
时 体
〖〗现在is/am/are done 〖〗过去was/were done 〖〗将来will/shall be done〖〗would/should be done 〖〗进行is/am/are being done〖〗was/were being done 〖〗完成〖〗have/has been done〖〗had been done 〖〗将来完成(will/shall have been done)〖〗(would/should have been done)
（二）被动语态的用法
1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。如：
—George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding？
—No,I hadnt been invited.Did they have a big wedding?
—The window is dirty.—I know.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.2需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。如：
All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.3在文章标题、广告、新闻中。如：
Girls wanted.招女工。
Millions of pounds worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.4当动作的执行者不是人时。如：
The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.（三）注意短语动词含有情态动词的被动语态
That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。
The plan will be given up.那计划就要被放弃了。
Bad habits have been done away with.坏习惯已经改掉了。
（在短语动词的被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词）
He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.计划必须尽早执行。
（含有情态动词的被动语态的谓语结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词）
（四）get+过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化
She got married last week.她上周结婚了。
The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。
He fell off the car and got killed.他从车上掉下来，摔死了。
二、主动形式表被动意义
系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become，fall,get,grow,keep+形容词/名词构成系表结构。如：
The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.（二）表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如：begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。如：
Work began at 7 oclock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.（三）表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如： read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook，lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。如：
This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。
Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。
Food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鲜。
Your speech reads well.你的演说讲得很好。
This material has worn thin.这个材料已经磨薄了。
The match wont catch.火柴擦不着。
The plan worked out wonderfully.这计划制定得很好。
The engine wont start.引擎发动不起来。
（四）少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义，如：print,cook,fry,hang,build,make。如：
The books are printing.这本书正在排印中。
The meat is cooking.肉在煮。
（五）介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有：under control(受控制),under treatment（在治疗中），under repair(在修理中)，under discussion（在讨论中），under construction(在施工中)，beyond belief(令人难以置信),beyond ones reach(鞭长莫及)，beyond ones control(无法控制),beyond our hope（我们始料不及），for sale(出售)，for rent(出租)，in print（在印刷中）,in sight(在视野范围内)，on sale(出售)，on show(展出)，on trial(受审)，out of control（失控），out of sight（超出视线之外），out of ones reach（够不着），out of fashion（不流行）。如： The rumor is beyond belief(=cant be believed).His honest character is above all praise.（=His honest character cannot be praised enough.）
Today some treasures are on show(=are being shown)in the museum.（六）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,wish,cost,agree
with,arrive at/in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to等。如：
This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.六
疑难、易错点
【精华知识巨献】
一、动词时态易混点
1一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别
（1）一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没有联系。现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的以前的过去某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。
（2）比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：
He served in the army from 1952 to 1954.(这是过去的一件事)He has served in the army for 5 years.（现在他仍在军中服役，他仍是军人）
He wrote many plays when he was at college.（写剧本是他过去做的事情）
He has written many plays.（这意味着他是剧作家）
I saw Hero last year.（看《英雄》的时间是去年，与现在无关）
I have seen Hero before.（强调现在知道这部电影的内容。以前看过，但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间，而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间）
2一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别
（1）一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而 言。两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成时来说，这个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。
（2）过去完成时的时间状语常用by和before引导的短语表示，如：by that time,by
the end of,before 2000,by the time+句子等。3过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别
（1）两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。（2）比较下面的说法
She had been ill for a week before she came back.（回来发生在过去某一时间，生病发生在过去的过去）
She has been ill for a week.(现在仍然病着)4现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成进行时可以与时间状语连用，也可以不用时间状语。这一点与现在完成时不同。现在完成时通常与时间状语，如:since,ever since,for three months,just,already,yet等连用。现在完成进行时通常与all the(this)morning/afternoon/day/month或the whole day等连用。试对比以下各例：
I have been working on the experiment report this morning,but I havent
completed it yet.我今天一上午都在写实验报告，可是到现在也没写完。
They have been repairing the broken road.他们一直在维修那条被损坏的道路。（可能是刚歇息下来，也可能还在修）
They have already repaired the broken road.他们把路修完了。（动作已经结束）
现在完成进行时表示一种不间断的持续性行为。如果表示一个重复动作，或者表示动作做过的次数时，不能用现在完成进行时。如：
Ive been writing letters since breakfast.Ive written to him three times,but I havent heard from him up till now.二、固定句式易混点
1This/It is the first/second...time+that从句。that从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is改为was,则that从句用过去完成时。如：
This is the first time I have come here.It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.2It is/has been+一段时间+since从句。since从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is改为was,则since从句中用过去完成时。如：
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.3be about to do...when...意为“即将……（这时）突然……”。如：
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.4be(was/were)+doing...when...意为“正在干……（这时）突然……”。如：
They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.5Hardly had...done...when...；No sooner had...done...than...when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。如：
Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than)the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下了。6It+be+一段时间+before从句
这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：
It wont be long before he succeeds.（=He will succeed soon.）
三、would与used to用法异同点
1would与used to都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。如：When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer.小时候，每到夏天我们都要去游泳。
He used to/would spend every penny he earned on books.过去，他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。
2would之后要接表示动作的动词，不接表示认识或状态的动词，而used to则无此限制。如：I used to like football when I was at middle school.我上中学的时候，喜欢足球。
He used to be nervous in the exam.他过去在考试中常常紧张。3would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would,只能用used to。如：
And from that day on,as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone,mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice.从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉、饭桌清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。（具有反复性）
I used to live in Beijing.我过去住在北京。（没有反复性）
4used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，现在已经结束（含有较强的“今非昔比”的意思），would则只表示说话者对过去的一种回想心情，有可能再发生。如：
People used to believe that the earth was flat.过去，人们总以为地球是平的。（现在已不再这样认为）He would go to the park as soon as he was free.过去，他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能再去）
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