第一篇:英语动词时态、语态典型错误例析2011.7.22
英语动词时态、语态典型错误例析
在初中英语学习阶段,动词的时态和语态是非常重要的语法项目,并且也是经常出现问题的关键所在,现将使用英语动词的时态和语态这两个语法项目过程中经常出现的典型错误列举如下:
1.对不起,我没看见张先生在这儿。
[误] Sorry, I don't see Mr Zhang here.[正] Sorry, I didn't see Mr Zhang here.[析] 根据语境,本句是指刚才没看见对方在这,而不是现在没看见对方在这,所以要用一般过去时。
2.你能告诉我北京冬天是否下雪吗?
[误] Could you tell me if it snowed in winter in Beijing?
[正] Could you tell me if it snows in winter in Beijing?
[析] 一般现在时除表示经常性的动作外,还可表示习惯性的动作,即现阶段的一个事实,句中不需要任何经常性的时间状语配合。could表示一种客气的语气,不表示过去时态。
3.他说他第二天要去合肥出差。
[误] He said he will go to Hefei on business the next day.[正] He said he would go to Hefei on business the next day.[析] 主句谓语动词为过去时,宾语从句表示过去的将来要发生的动作,要用过去将来时。
4.我忘了把你的伞带来了。
[误] I forget to bring your umbrella with me.[正] I forgot to bring your umbrella with me.[析] 不用forget,而用forgot,因为现在已经记起来了,forgot是说话这一时刻之前的动作。由于受汉语思维习惯的影响,动词时态观念不强,误把一般现在时当作一般过去时。
5.他父亲离开祖国已经50年了。
[误] His father has left his homeland for fifty years.[正] His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years.[析] 短暂性动词的完成时(肯定式)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,要么改为表示状态的动词,要么用下列句式来表达(以此句为例):
His father left his homeland fifty years ago.It is fifty years since his father left his homeland.It has been fifty years since his father left his homeland.Fifty years have passed since his father left his homeland.6.“你去过北京吗?”“是的,我去过。”
[误] “Have you gone to Beijing?”“Yes, I have gone there.”
[正] “Have you been to Beijing?”“Yes, I have been there.”
[析] Have you gone to Beijing?是“你已经到北京了吗?”,指目前人已在北京或在赴北京的途中。说话的时候,显然你已不在北京了,所以说用在这儿不恰当。表示“过去曾去过某处而现在又回来了”须用have been。
7.如果明天不下雨,我们就去参观美术展览。
[误] We shall see an exhibition of pain-
tings if it won't rain tomorrow.[正] We shall see an exhibition of pain-
tings if it doesn't rain tomorrow.[析] 在时间状语从句中,从句要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
8.在过去几年中,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。
[误] There were great changes in our home-town in the past few years.[正] There have been great changes in our hometown in the past few years.[析] “In / During the past / last + 复数名词”是完成时态的标志之一,不要被past / last所迷惑,而用了过去时。
9.我不知道那艘船明天是否会准点到。
[误] I wonder if the ship arrives on time tomorrow.[正] I wonder if the ship will arrive on time tomorrow.[析] 这里if连接的宾语从句,表示“是否”(=whether),而不是条件状语从句,表示“如果”。因此根据句意仍需用一般将来时。
10.自从1978年以来我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
[误] Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since 1978.[正] Great changes have taken place in our hometown since 1978.[析] take place和happen都是不及物动词或短语,不能用于被动语态。
11.那个村也叫国际会议村。
[误] The village also called the International Meeting Village.[正] The village is also called the International Meeting Village.[析] 英语被动语态是由“be + 动词的过去分词”构成,因此在also前应加is。
12.我们学校也教俄语。
[误] Our school also teaches Russian.[正] Russian is also taught in our school.[析] 当动作的执行者没有必要指明或为大家所知时,通常用被动语态。显然our school不是teach的执行者,而应该是没有表示出来的teachers,因此,要把动作的承受者Russian用作主语,用被动语态来表达。
13.我们都认识那位科学家。
[误] The scientist is known by us all.[正] The scientist is known to us all.[析] by表示动作执行者。而表示范围、地点等用法时,要用介词to或in。
14.孩子们陆续地走进了博物馆。
[误] The museum was entered by the children one by one.[正] The children entered the museum one by one.[析] 某些及物动词,如leave, enter, reach, join等后接表示地点、处所、组织名称的名词作宾语时,不能转换为被动语态。
15.他在会上向我们作了自我介绍。
[误] Himself was introduced to us at the meeting by him.[正] He introduced himself to us at the meeting.[析] 反身代词作宾语时,不能转换成被动语态。
16.这本杂志在这儿很畅销。
[误] This magazine is sold well here.[正] This magazine sells well here.[析] 有些动词,如:act, add, brush, burn, clean, cook, count, cut, draw, drive, keep, lock, look, open, read, sell, smoke, strike, wash, wear, write等,其主动形式在一些具体场合表示被动意义。这类句子的特点是:主语往往是“物”而不是“人”。另外,后面往往带有well这一类副词,或者修饰主语的形容词。
第二篇:动词时态和语态教案专题
动词时态和语态教案
徐红平2012-9动词时态和语态
目标:1.掌握英语的八种基本时态和几种常考时态
2.了解并熟练掌握高考的几种热点时态
3.区分并正确运用几种易混时态
一、英语的常见时态:
一般
进行
完成完成进行
现在
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
过去
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
将来
一般将来时
将来进行时
将来完成时 /
过去将来
过去将来时
/ / /
练兵场——稳操胜券
1.Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026 ______ off at 18∶20.A.takes
B.took
C.will be taken
D.has taken 答案 A 解析: 飞机、火车等按时刻表运行,表达时用一般现在时表将来。
2.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.She_before.A.hasn’t flown
B.didn’t fly
C.hadn’t flown
D.wasn’t flying
答案 C 解析: hadn’t flown动作发生在was nervous之前。
3.My cousin went to Canada two years ago.He ______ there for a few months and then went to America.A.worked
B.would work
C.would be working
D.has been working 答案 A 解析: 考查一般过去时的基本用法。句中并列连词and连接两个发生在过去的顺承的动作,时态应该一致。
4.--Your job ______ open for your return.--Thanks.A.will be kept
B.will keep
C.had kept
D.had been kept 答案 A 解析: keep the job/the position open使工作、职位等处于空缺状态,由句意“随时欢迎你回来工作”可知用将来时。
5.--______ you ______ him around the museum yet?--Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have;shown
B.Do;show C.Had;shown
D.Did;show 答案 A 解析: 此处表示说话者询问对方“有没有带领他参观博物馆”的结果,故用现在完成时。6.--I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.--Impossible.She ______ TV with me in my home then.A.watched
B.had watched
C.would watch
D.was watching 答案 D 解析: 考查动词时态。句意为:“我昨晚8点钟在公园看见简和她男朋友了!”“不可能。她当时正在我家和我一起看电视。”此处时间状语为then,指的是at eight yesterday evening,指过去某一时间点正在进行的动作,故应用过去进行时态。7.The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time.A.sold
B.had been sold
C.were sold
D.would sell 答案 C 解析: 由“were so...”可知此处用一般过去时态;flowers应该是“被卖光”,故用被动形式。8.--What’s that noise?
--Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine ______.A.was tested
B.will be tested C.is being tested
D.has been tested 答案 C 解析: 根据一对一的问答可知,“机器正在被检测”,故选C项。
9.In a room above the store,where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held
B.has been held C.will be held
D.is being held 答案 A 解析: 考查动词的时态与语态。根据“some workers were busily setting the table”判断,聚会还没举行,应用将来时态,且整个句子用了过去时,故用过去将来时态。10.--I have got a headache.--No wonder.You ______ in front of that computer too long.A.work
B.are working
C.have been working
D.worked 答案 C 解析: 考查动词的时态。由“I have got a headache”可知,空处应用现在完成进行时表示动作“从过去开始持续至今且还会进行下去”,体现过去开始的动作对现在的影响及结果。
二、热点时态: 一般过去时,现在完成时,过去完成时,过去进行时 1.I ______ you not to move my dictionary--now I cannot find it.A.asked
B.ask
C.was asking
D.had asked 2.--The window is dirty.--I know.It ____ for weeks.A.hasn’t cleaned B.didn’t clear C.wasn’t cleaned D.hasn’t been cleaned 3.She was surprised to find the fridge empty;the child _____ everything!A.had been eating
B.had eaten
C.have eaten
D.have been eating 4.--Has Sam finished his homework today?
--I have no idea.He ______ it this morning.A.did
B.has done
C.was doing
D.had done 5.--Have you decided already?
--Yes, I______ at once.--Yes, I______ already.A.have decided
B.decided
C.will decide
D.had decided
三、易混时态辨析: 1.一般现在时和现在进行时
1).Listen to the two girls by the window.What language ____ they _______(speak)? 2).I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.A.will play
B.have played
C.played
D.play 一般现在时指经常性,习惯性的动作;而现在进行时则表示此刻或近一段时间正在进行的动作。
2.一般过去时和过去进行时
1).He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it.A.wrote;has finished
B.was writing;has finished C.was writing;had finished
D.wrote;will finish
过去进行时表当时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2).As she _______ the newspaper, Granny _______ asleep.A.read;was falling
B.was reading;fell
C.was reading;was falling
D.read;fell
长动作在进行时,被一个短动作打断,长动作用进行体,短动作用一般体。一般过去时表示一个已经完成的动作或过去习惯性的动作,过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,具有持续和未完成的含义。3.一般过去时与现在完成时
1).I _______(live)there for six years when I was a kid.2).He ________ abroad for ten years and now he is used to the life in Beijing.A.has lived
B.had lived
C.lived
D.was living 3).When I was at college I _______ three foreign languages but I ________ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten
B.spoke;have forgotten
C.had spoken;had forgotten
D.had spoken;have forgotten 二者所表示动作均发生在过去。一般过去时仅指动作在过去发生了,对现在没有影响;现在完成时的动作虽发生在过去,但影响到现在仍然存在。
四、挑战高考——信心满满
1.Ladies and gentlemen,please fasten your seat belts.The plane ______.A.takes off
B.is taking off
C.has taken off
D.took off 答案 B 解析: 考查动词的时态。动词go,come,leave及词组take off等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。
2.John,a friend of mine,who got married only last week,spent $ 3,000 more than he ______ for the wedding.A.will plan
B.has planned
C.would plan
D.had planned 答案 D 解析: plan表示的动作发生在spend这一过去动作之前,故应该用过去完成时。句意为:我的朋友约翰上周结婚了,婚礼花去了3 000美元,超过了原计划。3.--Did you see a man in black pass by just now?--No, sir.I ______ a newspaper.A.read
B.was reading C.would read
D.am reading 答案 B 解析: 由just now判断应用过去时态,又由语境“穿黑衣服的人路过时,我正在看报,所以没看见他”知空处要用过去进行时。
4.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ______ there several years ago.A.are going
B.had been
C.went
D.have been 答案 C 解析: 句中several years ago是一般过去时的标志。5.--Have you got any job offers?--No.I ______.A.waited
B.had been waiting
C.have waited
D.am waiting 答案 D 解析: 句意为:“有人给你提供工作了吗?”“没有,我正在等着。”用现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
6.When you are home, give a call to let me know you ______ safely.A.are arriving
B.have arrived
C.had arrived
D.will arrive 答案 B 句意: 当你到家的时候,打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。
解答:根据选项此题考察时态。此题可以根据句意也可以使用排除法。句意为“当你到家的时候,打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成,译为“已经„„”。同时也可以使用排除法,arrive既可以使用现在进行时表示将来也可以用will + do表示将来,因此A和D同时排除,C为过去完成时,使用过去完成时时句中一定要有一般过去时,过去完成时是过去的过去,因此C也排除,选择B.7.--Tommy is planning to buy a car.--I know.By next month, he _______ enough for a used one.A.saves
B.saved
C.will save
D.will have saved 答案 D 解析: 考查动词的时态。句意为“——Tommy将计划买车。——我知道,到下个月为止,他积攒的钱足够买一辆旧车了。”by next month是将来完成时的标志,全句表示在将来next month之前完成“积攒足够钱”的动作,对将来的时间next month产生影响,能买一辆旧车。故选D。
8.--That must have been a long trip.--Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there.A.takes
B.has taken
C.took
D.was taking 答案 C 解析: 考查动词的时态。句意为“——那一定是长途旅行。——是的,我们花了整整一周时间才赶到那儿。”题干中must have done是对过去的肯定推测,提示时间在过去,描述过去的情况,排除A和B,D项was taking进行时态表将来,但事实上事情已发生,这与题意不符,因此选C。
9.When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ______ there.A.had been lying
B.has been lying
C.was lying
D.has lain 答案 A 解析: 考查动词的时态。句意为“当Alice苏醒过来时,她不知道她在那儿躺了多久了。”过去完成进行时主要表示持续到过去某时之前的动作。came to苏醒过来是过去时,苏醒前的情况是过去的过去,强调过去的过去里发生的事,故选A。
10.Planning so far ahead _ no sense--so many things will have changed by next year.A.made
B.is making
C.makes
D.has made 答案 C 解析: 考查动词的时态。句意为“计划这么超前毫无意义—到明年许多事情会发生变化的。”前句表示现在的情况make no sense,后句表示到将来会产生的后果will have changed。一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态。is making和has made表示具体的动作过程,故不选。因此选C。
第三篇:英语时态语态
英语时态语态、主谓一致练习
l.Last week two engineers_______ to help solve the technical problems of the project.A)have sent
B)were sent
C)sent
D)had sent 2.She was quite sure that she _____ the door before she left the office.A)will lock
B)would lock
C)has locked
D)had locked 3.Now the air pollution in this city _____ more and more serious with each passing day.A)to become
B)became
C)becoming
D)is becoming 4.Since the new technology was introduced last month, we________ in speeding up production.A)succeed
B)succeeded
C)have succeeded
D)will succeed 5.By the time you get to the office I _______ all the documents for the meeting.A)was preparing
B)prepared
C)had prepared
D)will have prepared 6.As he _______to submit the accounting report before 4:30 pm, the assistant hurried to Mr.Smith's office.A)was required
B)had required
C)requires
D)required 7.The team is going out to hold a party tomorrow after it______ the project.A)completes
B)completed
C)will complete
D)will have completed 8.By the end of next year, I ____ for the company for 10 years.A)work
B)am working
C)had worked
D)will have worked 9.According to the time table, the train for Beijing ______ at 9:10 p.m.from Monday to Friday.A)was leaving
B)is leaving
C)leaves
D has left 10.We don't have to hurry as the bus _____ for London at five in the evening.A)leaves
B)left
C)has been leaving
D)has left
第四篇:(整理)中考英语常用词组及动词时态语态小结
初中英语常用词组复习
一、动词词组(包括短语动词)、介词词组和其他词组
(一)由be构成的词组
1)be back/in/out
回来/在家/外出
2)be at home/work 在家/上班
3)be good at 善于,擅长于
4)be careful of 当心,注意,仔细
5)be covered with 被……复盖
6)be ready for 为……作好准备
7)be surprised(at)对……感到惊讶
8)be interested in
对……感到举
9)be born 出生
10)be on 在进行,在上演,(灯)亮着
11)be able to do sth.能够做……
12)be afraid of(to do sth.that…)害怕……(不敢做……,恐怕……)13)be angry with sb.生(某人)的气
14)be pleased(with)对……感到高兴(满意)
15)be famous for 以……而著名
16)be strict in(with)(对工作、对人)严格要求
17)be from 来自……,什么地方人
18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了
19)be worried 担忧
20)be(well)worth doing(非常)值得做……
21)be covered with 被……所覆盖……
22)be in(great)need of(很)需要
23)be in trouble 处于困境中
24)be glad to do sth.很高兴做……
25)be late for ……迟到
26)be made of(from)由……制成27)be satisfied with 对……感到满意
28)be free 空闲的,有空
29)be(ill)in bed 卧病在床
30)be busy doing(with)忙于做……(忙于……)
(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、look、put、set、send、take、turn、play等动词构成的词组< 1)come back 回来
2)come down 下来
3)come in 进入,进来
4)come on 快,走吧,跟我来
5)come out出来
6)come out of 从……出来
7)come up 上来
8)come from 来自……
9)do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业
10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读
11)do one's best 尽力
12)do some shopping(cooking reading, cleaning)买东西(做饭菜,读点书,大扫除)13)do a good deed(good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)
14)do morning exercises 做早操 15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操 16)do well in 在……某方面干得好 17)get up 起身
18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好 19)get ready for(=be ready for)为……作好准备
20)get on(well)with 与……相处(融洽)21)get back 返回 22)get rid of 除掉,去除 23)get in 进入,收集 24)get on/off 上/下车 25)get to 到达
26)get there 到达那里
27)give sb.a call 给……打电话 28)give a talk 作报告
29)give a lecture(a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)30)give back 归还,送回
31)give……some advice on 给……一些忠告
32)give lessons to 给……上课 33)give in 屈服 34)give up 放弃
35)give sb.a chance 给……一次机会 36)give a message to…… 给……一个口信
37)go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧38)go to the cinema 看电影
39)go go bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺)
40)go to school(college)上学(上大学)41)go to(the)hospital 去医院看病 42)go over 过一遍,复习/ go over to 朝……走去
43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东
44)go home(there)回家去(去那儿)45)go round 顺便去,绕道走 46)go up 上去
47)go out for a walk 外出散步 48)go on(doing)继续(做……)49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作
50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼 51)(the lights)go out(灯)熄了
52)have a lesson(lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会
53)have a football match(basketball match)举行一场足球(蓝球)赛 54)have dictation 听见 55)have a try 试一试
56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴
57)have a lecture(a piano concert)听讲座(听钢琴音乐会)
58)have a report(talk)on
听一个关于……的报告
59)have a glass of water(a cup of tea)喝一杯水,(一杯茶)
60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
61)have a meal(three meals)吃一顿饭(三餐饭)
62)have a dinner 吃正餐
63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶
64)have(have got)a headache 头痛 65)have a fever 发烧
66)have a cough(a cold)咳嗽(感冒)
67)have a look(at)看一看……
68)have a rest(a break)休息一会儿(工间或课间休息)69)have a talk 谈话
70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步 71)have sports 进行体育锻炼
72)have a sports meet(meeting)开运动会 73)have something done 让人(请人)做……
74)have a test/an exam 测验/考试 75)have an idea 有了个主意
76)had better do sth.(not do sth.)最好做……(最好不要做……)
77)have a word with 与……谈几句话 78)help sb.with sth.help sb.do sth.在……方面帮助…… 帮助……做 79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 115)set out 出发
116)set an example for 为……树立榜样 117)send for 派人去请(叫)118)send out 放出,发出 156)do well in
在……干得好
157)enjoy doing sth.like doing sth.喜欢做某事
喜欢干某事
158)find out 发现,查出(真相等)请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉 80)help each other 互相帮助
81)keep up with 跟上……,不落后于……
82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静 83)keep sb.doing sth.使……一直做……
84)keep one's diary 记日记
85)make a noise(a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂,响声)86)make a living 谋生
87)make sb.do sth.迫使某人做…… 88)make faces(a face)做鬼脸 89)make friends(with)与……交朋友 90)make a mistake(mistakes)犯错误 91)make room/space for 给……腾出地方 92)make a sentence(sentences)with 用……造句 93)make a fire 生火94)be made from/of 由……制成 95)be made in 在……地方制造 96)look out of(outside)往外看(看外面)97)look up a word(in the dictionary)查字典
98)look up 往上看,仰望 99)look after 照管,照看,照顾 100)look for 寻找 101)look like 看上去像
102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑 103)look out 当心,小心
104)look on …as… 把……当作……看待
105)look around 朝四周看 106)look at 看着……
107)put on 穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戏剧)108)put up 建造,搭起,挂起,举起,张帖
109)put into 使进入,输入 110)put one's heart into 全神贯注于 111)put…down… 把……放下
112)put…into…把……译成 113)set up 竖起,建起 114)set off 出发,动身
119)end up 把……往上送,发射 120)take one's advice 听从某人劝告 121)take out 拿出,取出 122)take down 拿下 123)take place 发生
124)take one's place 坐……的座位,代替某人职务
125)take the place of 代替…… 126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息 127)take it easy 别紧张 128)take sth.with sb.随身带着
129)take sb.to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假 130)take care of 关心,照顾,保管 131)take a look(a last look)at 看一看(最后看一眼)
132)take an exam 参加考试 133)take away 拿走 134)take back 收回,带回 135)take hold of 抓住……
136)take off 脱下(衣,帽,鞋等)拿掉 137)take(an active)part in(积极)参加(活动
138)take photos 拍照
139)take some medicine 服药
140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车,火车/船
141)turn on 开,旋开(电灯,收音机等)142)turn off 关上(电灯,收音机等)143)turn in 交出,上交 144)turn…into… 变成 145)turn to
翻到,转向 146)turn down(把音量)调低 147)turn…over 把……翻过来
148)play basketball 打篮球,football 踢足球,volleyball 打排球
149)play games 做游戏
150)play the piano(the violin)弹钢琴(拉小提琴)
151)play with snow 玩雪
152)play a joke(on)对……开玩笑
(三)由其他动词构成的词组 153)think over 仔细考虑 154)arrive at/in a place 到达某处 155)eat up 吃完,吃光
159)finish off 吃完,喝完 160)stop doing sth.停止做某事 161)stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 162)hold a meting 举行会议 163)hold up
举起 164)hurry up 赶快,快点 165)enter for 报名参加 166)langht at 嘲笑 167)be used to 习惯于 168)used to 过去常常 169)wake…up 唤醒 170)work out 算出
二、动词短语、介词短语和其他词组
1)ask for 向……要……,请求 2)ask for leave 请假 3)send for 派人去请(叫)4)pay for 付……的款 5)wait for
等候 6)thank for 为……感谢
7)apologize to sb.for sth.为某事向某人道歉
8)look for 寻找
9)leave…for
离开……去…… 10)fall off 跌落
11)catch a cold 着凉,伤风 12)catch up with 赶上
13)agree with sb.赞成,同意某人的意见 14)filled……with 把……装满
15)tell sb.about sth.告诉某人某事 16)talk about 谈论…… 17)think about考虑…… 18)worry about
担忧…… 19)look after 照料
20)run after 追赶,跟在后面跑 21)read after 跟……读 22)smile at 对……微笑 23)knock at 敲(门、窗)24)shout at 对……大喊(嚷)25)throw away 扔掉 26)work hard at 努力做…… 27)wait in line 排队等候 28)change…into… 变成 29)hurry into… 匆忙进入 30)run into… 跑进 31)hear of 听说 32)think of 认为,考虑 33)catch hold of 抓住 34)instead of 代替…… 35)hand in 交上来 36)stay in bed 卧病在床 37)hear from 收到……来信 38)at once 立刻 39)at last 最后 40)at first 起先,首先
41)at the age of… 在……岁时
42)at the end of… 在……之末43)at the beginning of… 在……之初 44)at the foot of…
在……脚下
45)at the same time 同时 46)at night/noon 在夜里/中午47)with one's help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助
48)with the help of … 在……的帮助下 49)with a smile 面带笑容 50)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见 51)after a while 过了一会儿 52)from now on
从现在起
53)from then on 从那时起 54)far example 例如 55)far away from 远离
56)from morning till night 从早到晚 57)by and by 不久 58)by air mail 寄航空邮件 59)by ordinary mail 寄平信 60)by the way 顺便说 61)by the window 在窗边 62)by the end of… 到……底为止 63)little by little 逐渐地 64)in all 总共 65)in fact 事实上
66)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时 67)in a hurry 匆忙
68)in the middle of 在……中间 69)in no time(in a minute)立刻,很快 70)in time(on time)
及时
71)in public 公众,公开地 72)in order to 为了……
73)in front of 在……前面
74)in the sun 在阳光下 75)in the end 最后,终于 76)in surprise 惊奇地 77)in turn 依次 78)of course 当然 79)a bit(of)有一点儿
80)a lot of 许多
81)on one's way to
某人在去……的路上
82)on foot 步行,走路
83)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 84)on the other hand 另一方面 85)at/on the weekend 在周末 86)on the left(right)在左(右)边 87)on the other side of 在……另一边 88)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
89)to one's joy 使……高兴的是 90)to one's surprise
使……惊讶的是
三、量词词组和其他词组
(一)量词词组 1)a bit 一点儿
2)a few(of)一些(可数),几个…… 3)a little
一些(不可数)4)a lot of(lots of)
许多 5)a piece of 一张(一片,块)6)a cup of
一茶怀 7)a glass of
一玻璃杯
8)a pile of(piles and piles of)一堆(一堆堆的)……
9)a box of一盒
10)a copy of
一份,一本 11)a bowl of
一碗 12)a basket of 一篮 13)a plate of
一盘 14)a bottle of
一瓶 15)a basin of 一脸盆 16)a set of 一套 17)a kind of 一种 18)a type of 一种类型的
19)a great deal of 非常多,大量的(不可数名词)
20)a large(great)number of
非常多,大量的(可数名词)
21)a great many 大量,许多(可数名词)22)a different type of 一种不同型号的 23)a group of
一队,一组,一群(二)其他词组
1)all kinds of
各种各样的
2)all over the world/the country 全世界/全国
3)all over 遍及每一部分,浑身 4)all one's life 一生 5)one after another
顺次
6)the Children's Palace 少年宫 7)day after day 日复一日 8)up and down 上上下下 9)the day after tomorrow 后天
10)the day before yesterday 前天
11)the last/past two years(or so)最近两年(左右)12)the whole country/the whole world 全国/全世界
13)a moment ago 刚才 14)just now/then 刚才/那时
15)half an hour's walk 步行半小时的路程
16)late on 过后,后来
动词的时态和语态
(一)动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。
1、一般现在时的用法
1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如: a.He goes to school every day.b.He is very happy.c.The earth moves around the sun.2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。例如: a.If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.b.When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.3)有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如:
a.The meeting begins at seven.b.The rain starts at nine in the morning.4)表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。
a.I like English very much.b.The story sound very interesting.5)书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。2.一般现在时的用法
1)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。a.He saw Mr.Wang yesterday.b.He worked in a factory in 1986.2)表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke.During the vacation I wouldm in the sea.注:”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.6.现在完成时的用法现在完成时由 “have + 过去分词其使用有两种情况: 1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。
He has gone to Fuzhou.He has been to Fuzhou.动词(work, study, live, teach 等)用现在完成时与用现在完成时意思差不多。I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for three years.但多数动词在这两种时态表示不同意思 I have been writing a letter.注意:表示短暂动作的动词(finish, marry, get up, come, go 等)不能用这种时态。
(二)动词语态
动词原形”没有 “现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于…..”
a.I am used to the climate here.b.He is used tomming in winter.3.一般将来时的用法
一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 动词原形 ”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。
It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.2)“be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。
The boy is to go to school tomorrow.Are we to go on with this work? 3)“be about to + 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作,意为 be ready to do sth.后面一般不跟时间状语。We are about to leave.4)go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。I’m leaving for Beijing.5)某些动词(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般现在时也可表示将来。
The meeting starts at five o’clock.He gets off at the next stop.4.现在进行时的用法
1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,由“to be + 现在分词” 构成。另外,“系动词 + 介词或副词” 也表示进行时的意义。What are you doing? The bridge is under construction.2)表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词(如have, be , here, se, like 等)一般不用进行。
5.过去进行时的用法
1)过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作,由 “ was(were)+ 现在分词”构成。
2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去常用 for 和since表示一段时间的状语或so far , now, today, this wek(month, year)等表示包括现在内的状语。
He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.Now I have finished the work..注意:表示短暂时间动作的词(如come, go , die, marry, buy 等)的完成时不能与for, since 等 表示一般时间的词连用。3)现在完成进行时还可用时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。I’ll go o your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.7.过去完成时的用法
1)过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.8.过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由 “should 或 would + 动词原形” 构成。第一人称用should, 其他人称用would.They were sure that they would succeed.9.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时由 “ have(has)+ been + 现在分词”构成,表示现在以前一直进行的动作。有些
1. 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时,谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成,时态通过be 表现出来。
1)一般现在时:You are required to do this.2)一般过去时:The story was told by her.3)一般将来时:The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4)现在进行时:The road is being widened.5)过去进行时:The new tool was being made.6)现在完成时:The novel has been read.7)过去完成时:He said that the work had been finished.8)过去将来时:He said that the trees would be planted soon.2.一些特殊的被动结构
1)带情态动词的被动结构:The problem must be solved soon.2)带不定式的被动结构:The room is going to be painted.The homework needs to be done with care.3)短语动词的被动:
a.(不及物)动词+介词:若这类短语动词是及物性的,则可用于被动语态中,如:laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。若这类短语动词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中,如:book up, look down.等
b.(及物)动词+副词:bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等 c.动词+副词 +介词:do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等
d.动词+名词+介词:catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等
4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean.(比较:The classroom is always kept clean.)5)主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的众所周知…… 有人会说…..大家认为…..有人相信……
there be 小结
1.基本结构 :There be +主语 + 地点 /时间状语。如: There is a computer in the 9.习惯用语:There is no good /use(in)doing sth.做某事没有好处/用处;There is not a moment to lose.一刻也不能耽误。例如:There is no good making friends with him.和他交朋友没有什么好处。He is very ill.Send him to hospital.There's not a moment to lose.他病得厉害,把他送到医有:
room.房间里有一台电脑。There are 院去,一刻也不能耽误。a.主动形式,这时动名词同句中的主语有two TV plays every evening.每晚有两场
动宾关系。
电视剧。
The children need looking after.2.主谓一致: 要采取就近一致原则,The windows wants /requires repairing.和*近be的主语一致。如: There is a This point deserves mentioning.pen, two rulers in the box.盒子里有一只b.有些及物动词后须加副词(如:well, 钢笔,两把尺子。There are two boys and a easily等),有些可不加,如: act, clean, teacher at the school gate.门口有两个男cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, 孩,一个老师。
strike, wash, write 等。3.主语后的动词形式:在there be 句型The cloth washes/ sells well.中,主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分The door won’t shut.The play won’t act.词;是被动关系时用过去分词。如: c.形容词worth后直接加动名词时,如:There is a purse lying on the ground.地上The book is worth reading twice.有一个钱包。There are five minutes left 某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形now.现在还有5分钟。
式表示被动意义。4.反意疑问句。反意疑问句应与there beThe fish is not fit to eat.对应,而不是依据主语。如:There is a d.某些感官动词(如:feel, look, prove, radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一smell , sound, taste, wear等)与形容词连台收音机,是吧? There are more than 用时:The water feels very cold.fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你The dish tastes delicious.们班有50多名学生,是吧?
6)以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动5.there be 与have的替换:there be表示句:
所属时可与have替换。There is nothing a.动词leave, enter, reach 等的宾语是表but a book in my bag.=I have nothing but a 示处所、地点(国家、团体,组织、军队)book in my bag.包里只有一本书。等。
6.there be后接不定式时常用主动形式b.表示状态的动词,如:become, benefit, 表示被动意义。如:There is a lot of work cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, to do.有许多工作要做。注意:当该句型mean, suit, look like等。
主语是something, anything, nothing等不c.下列不及物动词及短语:appear, belong 定代词时,后面的不定式用主动形式或被to , break out, die, happen, lie, occur, rise, 动形式,意义各不同。There is nothing to take place, agree with, belong to, consist of , do.没有事可做。There is nothing to be have on, keep up with 及一些固定词组,done.没有办法(束手无策)。
如 keep words, lose heart, make a face等。7.与其它词连用,构成复合谓语。如:d.宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源代There may be a rain this afternoon.今天下词,不定式,动名词,抽象名词等。午可能有雨。There used to be a cinema 7)汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语here before the war.战争之前,这儿有一中一般可用被动结构表示。如: 家电影院。
据说……
8.变体 there be结构中的be有时可希望…… 用live, stand, remain等代替。如:Once 据推测说… there lived a king who cared more about 必须承认…… new clothes than anything else.从前有位必须指出… 国王喜欢新服胜过别的任何东西。
第五篇:中考英语动词时态考点归纳与例析
中考英语动词时态考点归纳与例析
【重点讲解】
在汉语里不管什么时候发生的动作,表示动作的动词的形式不变。但在英语里不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示,这种动词形式称为“时态”。英语共有16种时态,常用的有8种。
1、一般现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时的用法。
1)一般现在时表示客观事实、普遍真理、习惯性和经常性的动作,以及现在的特征等。常与often, always, usually, on Monday, every day(week, month, year…)等连用。如果主语是第三人称单数,行为动词要在原形后加-s或-es。例如:
I often go swimming in the river in summer.我夏天经常在河里游泳。She usually does her homework at 5:00 p.m.in the afternoon.她经常在下午五点钟做作业。
2)现在进行时由 “be(is/am/are)+ 现在分词”构成,表示说话时或现阶段正在进行和发生的动作。例如:
---Look!What are they doing over there? 看!他们在那边干什么?---They are playing football.他们在踢足球。
3)现在完成时由 “have/has + 过去分词”构成,其用法主要有两种:一是强调发生在过去并在说话时已完成的动作对现在所造成的结果和影响;二是动作始于过去,现在仍继续,也许还会持续下去。现在完成时常与for, since引导的时间段或点以及so far, already, yet, in the past few weeks, before等时间状语连用。例如:
I lost my ticket for the film.I haven‟t found it yet.我把电影票丢了, 到现在还没有找到。
The Smiths have lived in Shenzhen for ten years.斯密斯一家已经在深圳住了十年。
2、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时的用法。
1)一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。行为动词一般过去式的规则变化是在词尾加-ed/d。常用的时间状语有yesterday, last night, just now, five days ago等以及由after, before, when, while等。例如:
Our family went to Shanghai five days ago.五天前,我们一家去了上海。She turned off the light after she finished washing clothes.她在洗完衣服之后就关灯了。
2)过去进行时由 “was/were + 现在分词”构成,表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作,常与at that time, this time yesterday, at 8 yesterday morning, from 10 to 11 last night 以及when, while 引导的时间状语从句等连用。例如:
I was watching TV this time yesterday.昨天这个时间我正在看电视。The boys were having lessons at that time.那个时间男孩们正在上课。3)过去完成时由 “had +过去分词”构成,表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作, 即 “过去的过去”,句中常用by the end of last week, be fore, when 等引导的时间状语。例如:
The plane had taken off when he got to the airport.当他到达飞机场的时候,飞机已经起飞了。
We had learned many English songs by the end of last term.到上个学期末为止,我们已经学了很多的英语歌曲。
4)过去将来时由 “would + 动词原形” 或 “was/were going to + 动词原形”构成.表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态.常与the next morning, the following week等时间状语连用,并多用在宾语从句中。例如:
The teacher told us that we would have a maths test the following week.老师告诉我们下周要考数学。
She said she would go back to her hometown during the holiday.她说假期期间她将回到家乡。
3、一般将来时的用法。
一般将来时由 “will/shall + 动词原形” 或 “ am/is/are going to +动词原形”构成,表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常用的时间状语有 tomorrow, this evening, next week, in three hours等。例如:
There is going to be an English film tonight.今晚有一场英语电影。Mum will be back in three days.妈妈三天后回来。
【中考链接】 1.---Is Cindy at home?
---No, she ________ the library.She _______there a moment ago.A.has gone to, went
B.has gone to, has been
C.has been to, went
D.has been to, has gone
答案:A。【解析】 根据答句开头的“No”可知Cindy不在家已经去图书馆了。所以第一空用has gone;第二空填went,表示刚才“去的”。2.—When _______ your mother _______ you that blue dress,Mary?
—Sorry,I realy can‟t remember.A.does;buy C.had;bought
B.has;bought
D.did;buy
答案:D。【解析】从问句和选项所提供的信息,可知问句的意思为“你妈妈什么时候给你买的那件蓝色的衣服?”。when 不能跟完成时连用,这里“买”的动作是在过去发生的,所以排除B和C,选D。3.—What did the teacher say just now? —Sorry.I didn‟t catch it.I________something else.A.think B.will think
C.was thinking D.had thought
答案:C。【解析】该题的正确答案为C。该题必须根据上下句来理解,第二句所要表达的意思是“刚才老师讲话的时候我在想别的事情。”即表达在过去某一时间发生的动作,所以要用过去进行时was thinking。
4.—What ______ when the earthquake(地震)happened on May 12th ? —Er, I was having a geography class in the classroom.A.are you doing
B.did you do
C.were you doing
答案:C。【解析】本题的答句用了过去进行时was having。结合上下句的语境,问句当然用过去进行时,所以选C。
5.I don‟t know when Jim _______.I‟ll meet him at the airport when he _______.A.will return;return
C.returned;returned
B.returns;will return D.will return;returns.答案:D。【解析】该题考查when的两种用法。when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导时间状语从句。当when引导宾语从句时,其句中的谓语动词要根据实际情况选用时态,第一空因为动作还没有发生,所以要用一般将来时will return;当when引导时间状语从句的时候,遵循“主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时”的原则, 所以第二空选returns。6.---What about seeing the film with me?
---Sorry.I ______twice.A.am seeing B.will see C.see
D.have seen 3 答案:D。【解析】该题的语境是“我不想去,因为我看过两次了。” 很明显是强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响,符合现在完成时的用法,所以选择D.7.---Would you like____ some coffee?
---No, thanks.I ______some.A.have, already have
C.having, have yet had
B.had, just had
D.to have, have already had 答案:D。【解析】该题的正确答案为D。would like 后要接to + 动词原形,所以第一空填 to have;第二空填“have already had”,句子表达的意思为“我已经吃过一些,不用再吃了”。
8.---What _____your father doing at eight yesterday evening, Sandy?
---Let me see…Oh, he was_____ a newspaper.A.was, reading B.were, watching C.was, looking D.were, seeing 答案:A。【解析】该题考点是过去进行时。过去进行时由 was/were + 动词的-ing形式构成。因为 your father 是单数人称,所以第一空要选was; 看报纸要用read,而不用look。所以选A。9.---Have you _____your ticket yet?
---No, I‟m still ______it.A.found, finding
C.found, looking for
B.looked for, looking for
D.looked for, finding 答案: C。【解析】该题考查find与look for的区别,find意为“找到”,look for意为“寻找”。所以选C。第一空要填found,第二空填looking for。10.---Henry, you______ on the phone.---oh, _______.Thank you.A.are wanted, I come
C.are being wanted, I come
B.are wanted, I‟m coming D.are wanting, I „m coming
答案:B。【解析】该题的正确答案为B.首先第一空是考查动词的被动语态,表示电话找你。而后一空I‟m coming 表示“我马上就来”。Come的现在进行时可以表示将来时。
11.---Tomorrow will be Father‟s Day.What will you do for your father?
---I will say “I love you, Daddy” as soon as he _____up.A.will wake
B.wake
C.wakes
D.woke 答案:C。【解析】该题考查时间状语从句中动词时态的用法。在含有时间 状语从句的复合句里,当主句为一般将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时表将来。故选C。
12.---Kate, have you seen Bob these days?
---Yes, I saw him yesterday.We _______each other for a few days.A.haven‟t seen
B.didn‟t see
C.hadn‟t seen
D.often saw
答案:C。【解析】该题是考查现在完成时与过去完成时的区别,现在完成时是强调对现在的影响或持续到现在的动作,而过去完成时是强调在过去某一时间之前完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。从答语“I saw him yesterday”可知“我是昨天见到他的”,在昨天见面之前“我们很多天没有见面”是“过去的过去”,所以答案为C。
【习题精炼】
1.---How did the accident happen?
---It _____difficult to see the road because it _______.A.was, was raining
B.is, has rained
C.is, is raining
D.will be, will rain 2.---Where is Miss Gao, Lily?---She ____to the teacher‟s.A.has been
B.has gone
C.went
D.would go 3.---May I speak to John?
---Sorry, he _____ Japan.But he _____in two days.A.had been to, will come back
B.has gone to, will be back
C.has been in, would come back
D.has gone to, won‟t come back 4.---Hi, Lin Tao , I didn‟t see you at the party.---Oh, I _____ready for the maths exam.A.am getting
B.was getting C.got
D.have got 5.---When _____Mr Harris ______the town for Sydney?
---I think it _____last December.A.did, leave, was
B.did, leave, is
C.has, left, was
D.does, leave, is 6.---Can you guess if they ______to play basketball with us?
---I think they will come if they _____free.A.come, are
B.will come, will be
D.come, will be C.will come, are
7.---How long ____ you ______in Shenzhen?---Since five years ago.A.did live
B.were live
C.have lived D.were lived 8.---Listen.Who ______in the next room?---It maybe Mr Lee.A.sings
B.is singing
C.sang
D.does sing 9.---What did the teacher say just now?---She said she ______us to the park the next week.A.will take
B.is going to take
C.took
D.would take 10.---How many English words ____you _____by the end of last term?---For about 2000.A.have learned
B.did learn
C.had learned
D.were learn 11.---Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!---Sorry, I ______it.A.don‟t see B.didn‟t see
C.haven‟t seen
D.won‟t see 12.---Do you know him well?
---Sure, we________ friends since ten years ago.A.were
B.have been
C.have become
D.have made
【答案详解】
1.A【解析】问句的谓语用的是一般过去时,答句的谓语也应该用过去时,因此第一空只能填was, 所以选A。句意为“很难看清路,因为当时正在下雨。”
2.B【解析】该题考查has been与 has gone的区别。前者表示“曾经去过某地”,而后者表示“到某地去了,人不在这儿”。根据问句,Miss Gao显然已不在说话地点,她已经去老师那里了。所以选B。
3.B 【解析】从本题的答句中我们知道John 去了日本,所以第一空要选has gone to ,而 in two days是表示将来的时间状语,所以该题的正确答案为B。句意为“他去了日本,但过两天回来。”
4.B【解析】从对话的开头可知,打招呼的人在刚刚过去的party 上没有见到林涛,所以答句要表达的意思是“在party进行的过程中,我正在为数学考试做准备”,表示过去一段时间正在进行的动作,要用过去进行时态,故正确答案为B。5.A【解析】when与一般过去连用,而不与现在完成时连用,所以排除C而选A。
6.C【解析】本题考查if 的两种用法。If 既可以引导宾语从句,意思为“是否”,也可以引导条件状语从句,意思是“如果”。当if引导宾语从句时,其句中的谓语动词要根据实际情况选用时态,在本题中要表达“你能猜出他们是否要和我们打篮球吗?”,动作还没有发生,所以第一空要用一般将来时will come;当if引导条件状语从句的时候,遵循“主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时”的原则,所以第二空选are。
7.C 【解析】本题中的答语“Since five years ago”是现在完成时的时间状语,所以问句要用现在完成时have lived。
8.B 【解析】本题问句中的动词listen提醒我们后面的动作正在发生,所以要选现在进行时is singing。
9.D 【解析】答句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句,其主句为一般过去时,从句也要用相应的过去时态,根据状语the next week,从句谓语要用过去将来时,所以选D。
10.C【解析】本题问句中的“by the end of last term”是过去完成时的时间状语,所以答案选C.11.C【解析】答句所要表达的意思是“我刚才没有看见”,而不是现在没有看见,所以要用一般过去时。
12.B【解析】在答句中有一个现在完成时的时间状语since ten years ago,所以答句要用现在完成时。同时只有延续性的动词才能与这样的时间短语连用,因此排除C和D,选B。