第一篇:2018年江苏高考专题一语法知识:第9讲特殊句式与主谓一致
第9讲 特殊句式与主谓一致
1.The publication of Great Expectations,which________both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏,24)A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案 C 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意为:《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬,这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语,根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时;定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”,主语核心词是publication,故be动词用was。因此选C。
2.Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津,6)A.regard
C.are regarded
答案 B 解析 考查主谓一致和语态。句意为:如今,骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时,谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致,排除A、C两项;cycling与regard之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,排除D项。故选B项。3.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津,11)A.who
C.which
答案 D 解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为:正是当我回到公寓时,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉,然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断,“When I got back to my apartment,I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整,由此可断定本句是强调句,并且强调的是时间状语,故空格处应
B.where D.that B.is regarded D.regards 用that。
4.Not until recently ________ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(2016·江苏,34)A.they had encouraged
C.did they encourage
答案 C 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Not until可知,本句要用部分倒装形式,先排除A、D两项;encourage表示的动作已经发生,故用一般过去时。
5.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津,13)A.who B.which C.where D.that 答案 D 解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为:你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。经判断,“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整,句意明确,故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点,故空格处应填that。
6.Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.(2015·天津,3)A.she realized
C.she has realized
答案 D 解析 考查倒装及时态。句意为:直到莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only+状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语“when Lily walked into the office”可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。
7.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015·重庆,9)A.while
C.that
答案 C
B.though D.after
B.has she realized D.did she realize
B.had they encouraged
D.they encouraged 解析 考查强调句。句意为:巴赫于1750年去世,但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型,其基本结构是:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他,本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century。故选C。
8.If ________ for the job,you’ll be informed soon.(2015·北京,31)A.to accept
C.accepting
答案 D 解析 考查省略句。句意为:如果你被录用做这份工作的话,你将会很快得到通知。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词,补充完整为:If you are accepted for the job,所以选D。9.It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.(2015·湖南,27)A.is;takes
C.are;take
答案 A 解析 考查主谓一致。句意为:成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和,它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现,记住这些很重要。此处success是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故选A项。
10.Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2015·湖南,31)A.to keep
C.keep
答案 C 解析 考查祈使句。句意为:一直要记住:你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头,故用keep。keep in mind记住,是固定搭配。
11.No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.(2014·陕西,17)A.had Mo Yan
C.has Mo Yan
答案 A 解析 考查倒装及时态。no sooner had sb.done...than...引导时间状语从句,且当no sooner位
B.Mo Yan had D.Mo Yan has B.to have kept D.have kept B.are;takes D.is;take B.accept D.accepted 于主句句首时,主句用部分倒装,即将主句中的助动词、系动词或情态动词提到其主语前,排除B、D两项;由从句时态可知用过去完成时,助动词had提前。故选A。
12.It was the culture,rather than the language,________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建,29)A.where
C.that
答案 C 解析 考查强调句。句意为:是风俗文化而不是语言,使他很难适应国外的新环境。这里强调主语部分the culture,rather than the language,所以用that引导。故选C。
13.Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry?(2014·四川,3)A.why
C.where
答案 D 解析 考查强调句。句意为:是不是因为Jack上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的?此题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句,所强调的是主句的原因状语从句because Jack came late for school,故选that。
14.________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.(2014·大纲全国,33)A.Calling
C.To call
答案 B 解析 考查祈使句。句意为:明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。分析句子结构可知,此处是“祈使句+and+简单句”这一固定句式结构。故B项正确。
15.All we need ________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014·湖南,32)A.are
C.is
答案 C 解析 考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据表语a small piece of land可知谓语用单数,且根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时,故选C。16.—I spent two weeks in London last summer.B.was D.were B.Call D.Having called B.who D.that B.why D.what —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,_____ you?(2014·重庆,10)A.mustn’t
C.didn’t
答案 C 解析 考查反意疑问句。答语句意为:那你在伦敦逗留期间肯定去看过大英博物馆,对吗?must have done在句中表示对过去事实的推测,当句末有反意疑问的语气时,可分为两种情况:(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时,反意疑问句结构为“haven’t/hasn’t...?”;(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时,结构为“didn’t...?”。题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间,故C项正确。
17.“Never for a second,” the boy says,“________that my father would come to my rescue.”(2013·江苏,27)A.I doubted
C.I have doubted
答案 D
解析 句意为:这个男孩说:“我从不怀疑我父亲会来救我。”当否定副词或具有否定含义的短语臵于句首时,句子常用部分倒装。故本题要用部分倒装。再根据would come to...可知,是在讲过去发生的事,故用过去时。
18.At no time________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.(2013·辽宁,26)A.they actually broke B.do they actually break C.did they actually break D.they had actually broken 答案 C 解析 考查倒装句型。at no time为介词短语,当其位于句首时,句子应该用部分倒装,根据第二个句子可知时态为过去时。故选C。
19.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ,28)A.not to do
C.not do
答案 B
B.not to D.do not B.do I doubt D.did I doubt B.haven’t D.hadn’t 解析 考查不定式的否定及省略。句意为:司机想把车停在路边,但是警察提醒他不可以。句中by the police为干扰部分,可以去掉,句式为ask sb.to do sth.的被动语态的否定形式。A选项后加it也正确。
20.Generally,students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.(2013·江苏,21)A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案 A
解析 考查时态与主谓一致。句意为:一般来说,来自别人较高的期望值与学生内在的驱动力对他们的发展至关重要。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语部分为students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others,中心词inner motivation为第三人称单数。该题说的是普遍现象,故用一般现在时。
1.在复习复合句的倒装时,要注意分清倒装主句还是倒装从句。一般来说要倒装主句,从句倒装包括两种情形:一是as引导的让步状语从句;二是if虚拟条件句。在if虚拟条件句中,如果从句中含有should,were或had,可把if省去,把should,were或had提到主语前构成倒装。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。
Had I known her telephone number,I would have rung her up.如果我知道她的电话号码,我早就打电话给她了。
2.在not only...but also...;hardly...when...;no sooner...than...结构中,前半部分倒装而后半部分不倒装。
Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来了。
3.强调句型It is/was...that/who...结构中,it是引导词,本身没有词义,仅起连接作用。It was not until a few months later that he knew the story.直到几个月后,他才知道这故事。
4.当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,且从句谓语动词为be时,可以省略从句的主语和be。Be careful while(you are)crossing the street.过街时要小心。
If(it is)possible,he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮助你摆脱困境。
5.由with,along with,together with,like,but,except,besides,as well as,rather than,including,in addition to等连接的并列名词作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于前面的名词。He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。
6.“so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面提到的肯定的情况也适合后者;“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示“„„的确如此”。He has been to China,so have we.他去过中国,我们也去过。—He works hard.—So he does.——他工作努力。——他确实是这样。
7.“only+状语(从句)”位于句首时句子要用部分倒装;“only+主语”位于句首时句子不倒装。
Only in this way can the experiment succeed.惟有这样做,试验才能成功。Only his father was right.只有他的父亲是对的。
8.在以地点副词here,there开头的倒装句中,如果句子的主语是人称代词,主语和谓语不需要倒装。比较: Here he comes.他来了。
Here comes the teacher.老师来了。
9.由and连接的两个并列成分作主语,谓语动词通常用复数;但当and连接的两个词语指同一人、同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.书记兼经理出席了会议。The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting.书记和经理出席了会议。
10.强调句与其他句型的结合考查,如与定语从句、not...until...句型的结合考查。It was in this factory where his father once worked that he found a job.他在父亲曾经工作过的工厂找到了一份工作。
It was not until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health.直到他生了重病,才知道健康的重要性。
11.介词but的前面有do时,后面的不定式省略to。即前有do,后无to。We could do nothing but wait here.我们除了在这儿等,什么也不能干。
12.一些集合名词如audience,committee,family,class,group,team等,如果指整体意义,谓语动词用单数;如果指具体的成员,谓语动词用复数。The committee is to deal with this matter.委员会要处理这起事件。
The committee are divided in opinion.委员们意见不一致。
13.“many a+单数名词”和“more than one+单数名词”是复数意义,但谓语动词用单数。Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。
More than one student is in favor of the plan.许多学生支持这一计划。
1.It is not so much the language ________ the cultural background ________ makes the film difficult to understand.(2017·仪征中学检测,28)A.that;as
C.as;that
答案 C 解析 考查强调句。句意为:与其说是语言倒不如说是文化背景使得电影难以理解。not so much...as...为固定短语,意为“与其说„„倒不如说„„”。第二空的that和句首的it is构
B.what;as D.as;what 成强调句型,强调句子的主语。
2.At the back of the old temple ________ twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda.(2017·亭湖检测,21)A.does stand;a 8-storeyed B.do stand;a 8-story C.stands;an 8-storey D.stand;an 8-storey 答案 D 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:在古庙的后面有12个巨大的石像还有一个八层的佛塔。这句话是地点状语提前的倒装句,用完全倒装,谓语提前,因为主语是twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda,together with连接两个主语时,谓语和前面的主语保持一致,故这里谓语用复数;第二空是复合形容词,8-storey以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。故选D项。
3.Only after we value growth enough to start enlarging ourselves ________ through a strong barrier.(2017·镇江期中,34)A.we have broken
C.have we broken
答案 C 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:只有在我们充分重视增长来扩大自我之后,我们才算突破了一个强大的障碍。“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装,故排除A、D两项;根据从句的时态是一般现在时可知,此处主句要用现在完成时。故选C项。4.—Have you got any plans for the New Year’s Day Holiday? —Yes.________ possible,I’m going to travel in Beijing.(2017·苏北四市调研,29)A.Though
C.While
答案 D 解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意为:——你已经有元旦假期的计划了吗?——是的。如果有可能的话,我打算去北京旅游。分析句子成分可知,本题为状语从句的省略结构。根据句意可知If possible符合。If possible=If it is possible表示“如果有可能”。
5.I don’t think he could have held an important job in government a few years ago,________?
B.Unless D.If
B.did we break D.we broke
(2017·盐城景山中学调研,35)A.did he
C.could he
答案 A 解析 考查反意疑问句。句意为:我认为几年前他不可能在政府里担任重要的工作,是吗?当主句是I think/believe/suppose/imagine等时,其后的反意疑问句要反问从句,且从句中的could have done是表示对过去情况的推测。故答案为A。
6.Could it be in the restaurant ________ we had a dinner last night ________ you left your key?
(2017·盐城景山中学调研,22)A.that;where
C.where;that
答案 C 解析 考查强调句型和定语从句。句意为:你会不会是在我们昨晚吃饭的那个饭店里丢了你的钥匙?第一空where引导定语从句,修饰restaurant;第二空为强调句型,强调地点状语in the restaurant。
7.Tony always works out development schemes faster than others.Is it ________ he graduated from a top university ________ counts?(2017·盐城中学月考,34)A.because;that
C.that;that
答案 C 解析 考查主语从句和强调句。句意为:托尼制定发展规划总是比别人快。难道和他毕业于一所顶尖的大学有关吗?此处为强调句,强调主语,而主语是that引导的主语从句。故选C项。8.________ more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.(2017·盐城中学月考,33)A.Scattered around the globe are B.Scattering are around the globe C.Are around the globe scattered D.Are scattered around the globe 答案 A 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:地球上散落分布着100多个小而离散的火山活跃区,地质学家称
B.that;which D.why;what B.in which;where D.where;where B.do I D.has he 之为“热点”。正常语序是More than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots are scattered around the globe.表语提前,把系动词提到主语前面构成倒装。9.He doesn’t own an NBA championship ring,________ in the face with champagne(香槟)after the NBA finals.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考,32)A.he has neither been sprayed B.nor has he been sprayed C.either has he been sprayed D.so he has been sprayed 答案 B 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:他没有自己的NBA总冠军戒指,也没有在NBA总决赛后被香槟酒喷到脸上。not...nor...既不„„也不„„,否定词臵于句首时,句子要用倒装结构。故选B项。
10.I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,________?(2017·启东中学月考,29)A.hadn’t you
C.aren’t I
答案 B 解析 考查反意疑问句。句意为:我确定你宁愿让她坐公交车去学校,是不是?此处考查的是I’m sure引导的从句的反意疑问句,应该是与后面的从句保持一致;在从句中涉及到了would rather的虚拟语气的使用,但并不影响反意疑问句的生成,故用wouldn’t you即可。故选 B项。
11.—How was the televised debate last night? —Super!Rarely ________ so much media attention.(2017·启东中学月考,23)A.a debate attracted
C.a debate did attract
答案 B 解析 考查倒装句。否定副词rarely表示“很少地,罕有地”位于句首时后面的句子要用部分倒装,即“助动词+主语+动词”的形式。故选B项。
12.—________ that otherwise successful people and companies don’t break through to the next level? —I think they are too content with themselves to move on.(2017·南京学情调研,29)
B.did a debate attract D.attracted a debate B.wouldn’t you D.didn’t she A.How it is
C.What it is
答案 B
B.How is it D.What is it 解析 考查强调句。句意为:——原本可能成功的人和公司为何没能突破到下一个层次?——我想他们太自满而无法进步。分析句子成分可知,本题为强调句的特殊疑问句形式。强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that...。根据句意可知How is it符合。13.Anne lost her wallet and Mother wasn’t surprised that ________ as she was too careless.(2017·镇江一模,34)A.she was so
C.so did she
答案 D 解析 考查省略句。句意为:Anne丢了钱包,但是她妈妈对此一点都不感到惊讶,因为她太粗心了。she did so相当于she lost her wallet,为了避免重复,用此结构。故选D项。14.Years may wrinkle the skin,but it is to give up enthusiasm ________ wrinkles the soul.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,29)A.who
C.that
答案 C 解析 考查强调句。句意为:岁月流逝只令容颜苍老,但是激情不再却能使心灵枯萎。强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其余部分。本句对主语to give up enthusiasm进行了强调。故选C项。
15.—How impressive John’s painting is!—Actually,it was 2 years after he retired ________ he started to learn drawing.(2017·苏北六市联考,31)A.before
C.until
答案 D 解析 考查强调句。句意为:——John的画给人的印象好深刻啊!——事实上,他退休两年后才开始学画画的。根据句子结构可知,此句为强调句,被强调部分为时间状语2 years after he retired。故选D项。
B.since D.that B.which D.when B.so was she D.she did so 16.As a common sense,children’s involvement in social activities,athletics and hobbies ________ just as important as academic achievement.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,22)A.is
C.was
答案 A 解析 考查主谓一致。句意为:孩子参加社会活动、体育运动和业余爱好是和学业成就同等重要的,这是常识。句子的主语是children’s involvement,是单数形式;另外作为常识,应用一般现在时。
17.________ on mobile phones for storing information that people are unable to remember basic things.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,29)A.Such is the dependence
C.So they are dependent
答案 A 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:这就是人们对手机储存信息的依赖,以至于人们记不住最基本的东西。such...that...结构表示“如此„„以至于„„”,such实际上是be动词后的表语,被提前到了句首。C项如改为So dependent are they也正确。
18.Dogs barked madly while fish jumped out of water.In no time ________ as a prediction of a coming earthquake.A.the phenomena were noticed B.the phenomena was noticed C.were the phenomena noticed D.was the phenomena noticed 答案 A 解析 考查倒装结构及主谓一致。句意为:狗疯狂地叫,鱼儿跳出水面。这些预示地震即将到来的现象立刻引起了注意。in no time立刻,马上,不含否定含义,因此臵于句首时句子不需要倒装。另外phenomena为phenomenon的复数形式。故选A项。
19.“Not until I knew much about Nanking Massacre,”the foreigner says,“________ the significance of setting the National Memorial Day.” A.had I understood
C.I have understood
B.did I understand D.I understood B.Such dependence does D.So do they depend B.are D.were 答案 B 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:这个外国人说:“直到我了解了很多关于南京大屠杀的事,我才意识到设立国家公祭日的重要性。”“not until+从句”放在了句首,引起主句部分倒装;另外understand这一动作发生在know之后,不需要用过去完成时,故选B项。20.—Sorry,Joe.I did not mean to...—Don’t call me “Joe”.I am Mr Parker to you,and ________ you forget it!A.mustn’t
C.shouldn’t
答案 D 解析 考查祈使句。句意为:——对不起,Joe。我没打算„„。——不要叫我“Joe”,对你来说我是帕克先生,你没有忘了吧!祈使句的否定结构是在句子前面加do not或don’t。故选D项。
B.didn’t D.don’t
第二篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第4讲动词与动词短语
第4讲 动词与动词短语
1.Working with the medical team in Africa has_____ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江苏,25)A.held out
C.picked out 答案 B 解析 句意为:在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出,坚持;bring out使显现,使表现出;pick out挑选出,辨认出;give out分发,发出。2.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江苏,30)A.shape
C.stretch
答案 A 解析 句意为:到了年底,快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败,这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响(某事物的发展),符合语境。switch转换,转变;stretch变大,拉长;sharpen使变锋利,使增强。
3.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________,get married,and have kids.(2017·天津,5)A.settle down
C.get up
答案 A 解析 句意为:布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down),结婚成家,生儿育女。keep off使避开,不接近;get up起床,站起来;cut in插嘴,打断别人说话。
4.He did not ________ easily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江苏,25)A.approach
C.compromise
答案 C 解析 句意为:他不轻易妥协,但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协,符合句意。
5.Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏,30)
B.wrestle D.communicate B.keep off D.cut in B.switch D.sharpen B.brought out D.given out A.fallen off
C.turned off
答案 B
B.taken off D.left off 解析 句意为:由于良好的创业环境,许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。take off成功,起飞,符合句意。fall off跌落,下降;turn off关掉;leave off停止(做)某事,戒掉,均不符合题意。6.Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江苏,33)A.gain admission to
C.take advantage of
答案 C 解析 句意为:父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用,符合句意。gain admission to获准进入;keep track of与……保持联系;give rise to引起,导致,均不符合题意。
7.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than ________ us.(2016·浙江,8)A.divide
C.control
答案 A 解析 句意为:当我们学会求同存异,而非对立分歧时,我们会收获颇多。divide分开;reject拒绝;control控制;abandon放弃,抛弃。根据句意可知选A。
8.When their children lived far away from them,these old people felt ________ from the world.(2016·浙江,12)A.carried away
C.cut off
答案 C 解析 句意为:当孩子们住得离他们很远时,这些老人们感觉与外界隔离了。carry away带走,夺走;break down抛锚,垮掉;cut off切断,隔离;bring up抚养,提出。根据句意可知选C。
9.When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest.(2016·浙江,14)A.limited
C.reflected
答案 C 解析 句意为:当最后决定选一门课程时,我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。reflect反映,B.reserved D.spoiled B.broken down D.brought up B.reject D.abandon B.keep track of D.give rise to 体现,符合语境。limit限制;reserve预订,保留;spoil毁掉,溺爱。
10.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津,8)A.gave voice to
C.turned a deaf ear to
答案 A 解析 句意为:玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默,但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voice to意为“表达对……的想法”,符合语境。keep an eye on照看,留意;turn a deaf ear to对……充耳不闻;set foot on进入,参观。
11.I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to ________ a conversation with her.(2016·天津,14)A.carry on
C.turn down
答案 A 解析 句意为:我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙,没时间与她进行谈话。carry on意为“进行,继续”,符合语境。break into打断,闯入;turn down调低,拒绝;cut off停止,中断。
12.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江苏,22)A.accelerate
C.perform
答案 D 解析 句意为:学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速;improve改善;perform执行;develop发展。
13.The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015·江苏,27)A.apply to
C.appeal to
答案 B 解析 句意为:大学开始开设一些新的语言项目,以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to 适用于,申请;cater for 迎合,满足所需;appeal to 呼吁,上诉;hunt for 搜寻。
14.The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.(2015·江苏,29)A.wait on
C.count on
B.focus on D.call on B.cater for D.hunt for B.improve D.develop B.break into D.cut off B.kept an eye on D.set foot on 答案 C 解析 句意为:整个球队依靠克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多,而他很少让他们失望。wait on 服侍,等待;focus on 集中于,关注;count on依靠,指望;call on 拜访,号召,呼吁。15.Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江,5)A.produce
C.process
答案 C 解析 句意为:研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工,处理,符合语境。produce生产,制作,创作;pronounce发音;download下载。
16.If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able to ________ on the sea?(2015·浙江,16)A.float
C.shrink
答案 A 解析 句意为:如果钢铁比水重的话,那为什么轮船能够浮在海面上?float漂浮,符合语境。drown淹没,(使)溺死;shrink(使)收缩,(使)缩小;split(使)裂开,(使)破裂。17.If you come to visit China,you will________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.(2015·安徽,22)A.develop
C.substitute
答案 D 解析 句意为:如果你来访问中国,你将体验到有着惊人的深度和多元化的文化。develop开发;create创造;substitute替代;experience经历,体验。
18.The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015·湖北,23)A.face
C.raise
答案 D 解析 句意为:这个团队正在努力分析这个问题,以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知,在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face面对;prevent阻止;raise提高。
19.In order not to be heard,she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北,24)A.whisper
C.declare
B.signal D.complain B.prevent D.analyze B.create D.experience B.drown D.split B.pronounce D.download 答案 B 解析 句意为:为了不让别人听到自己的声音,她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知,她只是竖起手指示意,并没有出声。signal意为“示意”,所以答案选B项。whisper低语;declare宣布;complain抱怨。
20.If you have any doubts about your health,you’d better________ your doctor at once.(2015·天津,11)A.convince
C.avoid
答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你对自己的健康状况有所怀疑的话,你最好马上咨询医生。consult请教,咨询,找(医生)诊治,符合语境。convince使相信,使明白;avoid避免;affect影响。
B.consult D.affect
1.有些动词,如feel,look,taste等,既可用作系动词,又可用作实义动词,怎么判断呢?系动词常跟形容词作表语;实义动词则常用副词作状语;系动词一般不用进行时,但在表示语意客气、生动、亲切时,可用进行时。The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.这种新研制的饮料尝起来挺独特的。(系动词)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.厨师正在仔细地品尝这条鱼。(实义动词)2.run out/run out of的区别:run out是不及物动词短语,无被动语态,主语通常是表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词;run out of是及物动词短语,相当于use up,主语通常为人。My money ran out.我的钱花完了。I ran out of my money.我把钱花完了。
3.具体语境中对动词“熟词生义”的考查。如下列单词的“熟词生义”:
ache渴望;address在……上写地址;appreciate理解,意识到;count有价值;cover足以支付;develop逐渐形成;draw推断出;escape被忘掉;fail使失望,衰退;invite招致;observe遵守,庆祝;push督促;promise预示;part分手,放弃;read写着;relate讲述;say假设;walk遛等。
4.常见的基础词汇如get,take,put,break,look,call等构成的短语一直是高考考查的重点。如:If the new safety system had been put to use,the accident would never have happened.句中put...to use是固定搭配,意为“利用/使用……”。As their children lived far away from them,these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的cut off意为“隔绝,隔离”。
1.Roger trained hard for the tournament for months,but unfortunately he had to ________ due to a knee injury.(2017·苏北六市联考,32)A.pull out
C.try out
答案 A 解析 句意为:Roger为了这次锦标赛艰苦训练了好几个月,但不幸的是,由于膝伤,他不得不退出。work out计算出,锻炼;try out试验,选拔;give out散发,分发,用完。pull out退出,(使)离开,符合语境,故选A项。
2.If you want to go further in the new sport,the best way is to ________ and practise more frequently.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,22)A.dive in C.catch on
答案 A 解析 句意为:如果你想在这项新的运动上走得更远,最好的方法就是热切地投入和更加频繁地练习。dive in热切地加入,符合句意。drop out退出,辍学;catch on流行起来;spring up突然出现。故选A项。
3.If you manage to survive the crisis,think about how it will help you ________ new challenges.(2017·镇江期末,30)A.give up
C.hold up
答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你设法在危机中幸存下来,思考一下它将如何帮助你接受新的挑战。take up接受,拿起,举起,占据(空间或时间),开始从事,符合句意。give up放弃;hold up举起,支撑,耽搁,延误;put up举起,升起,设立,建造,提供住宿,张贴,悬挂。故选B项。4.You wouldn’t normally ________ these two writers;their styles are completely different.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,27)A.distinguish
C.adjust
答案 B 解析 句意为:你通常不会把这两位作家联系在一起,他们的风格完全不同。associate把……联系在一起,使有关系,符合题意。distinguish区别,区分;adjust调整,校准;divorce离婚,使分离。
B.associate D.divorce B.take up D.put up B.drop out D.spring up B.work out D.give out 5.Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one’s loneliness,but living alone ________ me,for I can play music as loud as I want.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,30)A.caters to
C.appeals to
答案 C 解析 句意为:和某人共享一个公寓有助于缓解孤独感,但独居对我更有吸引力,因为我可以将音乐播放到我想要的那样响。appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力,符合句意。cater to款待,为……服务;refer to参考,指的是;respond to响应,回应。
6.As its economy is maturing,China’s ________ a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.(2017·南京三模,30)A.defining
C.guaranteeing
答案 B 解析 句意为:随着经济的成熟,在像气候和发展那样的重要问题上中国正在承担更大的作用。define定义,使明确;guarantee保证,担保;assure保证,确保。均不符合语境。assume承担,呈现,假定,认为,assume a greater role承担更大的作用,符合题意,故选B项。7.The recently released film Kong:Skull Island successfully ________ the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.(2017·南京三模,35)A.transports
C.transforms
答案 A 解析 句意为:最近上映的电影《金刚·骷髅岛》成功地用杜比三维立体技术把观众带入了这次冒险经历中。adjust调节,适应;transform使改观,使变形;relate联系,均不符合语境。transport在此处表示“使产生身临其境的感觉”,符合语境,故选A项。
8.In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app,students can ________ a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,29)A.reveal
C.preview
答案 C 解析 句意为:在用虚拟现实应用程序创设的虚拟实验室环境中,学生们可以在真正的实验室实验之前预先进行某个特定的实验。根据before doing them in a real lab可知,此处指预先进行实验,preview预展,预演,符合语境。故选C项。
9.The Palace of Versailles,France’s national treasure,has ________ many changes in its century-long history while keeping its beauty.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,23)
B.reserve D.provide B.adjusts D.relates B.assuming D.assuring B.refers to D.responds to A.gone through
C.led to
答案 A
B.taken on D.showed off 解析 句意为:凡尔赛宫,法国的国宝,在它一个世纪的历史中,经历了许多变化却依然美丽。take on呈现,接纳;lead to导致;show off炫耀。go through经历,经受,此处注意动宾搭配,go through changes经历变化,符合语境,故选A项。
10.Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition,publications on classical Chinese literature are ________ a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,31)A.taking up
C.breaking up
答案 A 解析 句意为:得益于《中国诗词大会》节目的播出,有关中国经典文学的出版物占据了书店存储空间的重要位置。take up占据;divide up分割;break up解散;put up提出。根据句意可知,答案为A。
11.Friendship does not merely ________ a sharing of activities;it is a sharing of self on a very personal level.(2017·苏州调研,23)A.involve
C.associate
答案 A 解析 句意为:友谊并不仅仅包含一起参加活动;它还是一种从非常个人的角度对自我的分享。involve包含,需要,使成为必然部分(或结果),符合句意。request要求,请求;associate联系,联想;deliver递送,运送,发表(讲话),接生。
12.I think the experiment supports my theory,but I need to ________ the results a couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.(2017·苏州调研,27)A.get over
C.hand over
答案 D 解析 句意为:我认为这个实验支持我的理论,但是我需要仔细检查几次结果以确保在收集数据的时候没有犯错。go over仔细检查,温习,复习,符合句意。get over克服,战胜,恢复;take over接收,接管,控制;hand over交给,递给,移交。13.—I regret to tell you that the council did not ________ our plan.—Oh,what a shame!(2017·南京、盐城一模,29)A.smile on
C.see through
B.concentrate on D.live through B.take over D.go over B.request D.deliver B.dividing up D.putting up 答案 A 解析 句意为:——我遗憾地告诉你委员会不赞同我们的计划。——哦,真可惜!smile on对……加以称赞,对……青睐,符合句意。concentrate on专心于……,集中精力在……上;see through看穿,识破;live through经历过,经受住,经历……而幸存。
14.The computer program of the 1970s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers.(2017·南通一模,31)A.discriminate
C.negotiate
答案 A 解析 句意为:20世纪70年代的电脑程序无法区分字母和数字。discriminate歧视,区别,辨别;conclude断定,结束;negotiate协商,谈判;compensate弥补,补偿。discriminate between letters and numbers区分字母和数字,符合题意,故选A项。15.—He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.—Yes,but he didn’t ________.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,25)A.make his way
C.give his way
答案 B 解析 句意为:——他本可以对我们施加压力来采纳他的提议。——是的,但是他并没有为所欲为。make one’s way前进,行进;get one’s way随心所欲,为所欲为;没有give one’s way这种形式,只有give way to “给……让路,被……所取代”;feel one’s way摸索着前进。根据句意选B项。
16.A recent research shows smoking and drinking ________ with your body’s ability to process oxygen,thus greatly affecting your health.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,27)A.identify
C.combine
答案 D 解析 句意为:最近一项研究显示,吸烟和饮酒影响你身体吸收氧气的能力,从而极大地影响你的健康。identify确定;correspond对应;combine结合;interfere干扰。故选D。17.AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has ________ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,29)A.given off B.worked out C.set off D.put out 答案 C 解析 句意为:人工智能机器人阿尔法围棋以4:1打败围棋大师李世石引发了一场关于机器人是否将完全取代人类的国际争论。give off发出;work out算出;set off动身,引起;put out
B.correspond D.interfere B.get his way D.feel his way B.conclude D.compensate 熄灭。故选C。
18.In time of anger,do yourself a favor by ________ it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,25)A.releasing
C.refreshing
答案 A 解析 句意为:在气愤时心疼一下自己,找个僻静处散散心,宣泄宣泄,不要让那些无名之火伤到自己。release释放;recover恢复,再生;refresh恢复精神;recycle回收利用。19.You are not ________ to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.A.accustomed
C.entitled
答案 C 解析 句意为:如果你从来没有工作过的话,就没有资格享受失业救济金。accustom使习惯;resign辞职;submit屈服,投降。entitle使符合资格,entitle sb.to sth.使某人有……的资格或权利,符合语境,故选C项。
20.By applying the theory to the problem,we can brush away the details and ________ simple patterns.A.release
C.reveal
答案 C 解析 句意为:通过把这个理论应用于这个问题,我们能够去除细节,使简单的模式显现出来。release释放,发布;reject拒绝,排斥;replace代替。reveal显示,揭示,符合题意,故选C项。
B.reject D.replace B.resigned D.submitted B.recovering D.recycling
第三篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第7讲定语从句
第7讲 定语从句
1.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017·江苏,28)A.which
C.whose
答案 C 解析 句意为:联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署,该组织的目的之一就是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,purposes与the World Food Programme存在所属关系,且空处在句中作定语,因此选C项。
2.The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017·北京,31)A.that
C.where
答案 A 解析 句意为:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是the little problems,且从句中缺少宾语,故用that。as引导定语从句时,多用于the same...as...,such...as...等结构中;where,when引导定语从句时,在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。
3.My eldest son,________ work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.(2017·天津,9)A.that
C.his
答案 B 解析 句意为:我的长子现在在纽约,他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词,且与其后的名词有所属关系,故应用whose。
4.Many young people,most ________ were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016·江苏,23)
B.whose D.who B.as D.when B.its D.whom A.of which
C.of whom
答案 C
B.of them D.of those 解析 句意为:很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想,他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。根据句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为many young people,作介词of的宾语,故要用whom。
5.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.(2016·北京,22)A.whose
C.where
答案 A 解析 句意为:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常制造出很大的噪音。先行词为couple,由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系,故用关系代词whose。
6.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,________ the weather may be better.(2016·天津,9)A.that
C.which
答案 D 解析 句意为:我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知先行词为next week,在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,故用when引导。
7.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of ________ has been proved.(2016·浙江,11)A.whom
C.what
答案 B 解析 句意为:科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成分可知,逗号后是“代词+of+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词many theories,指物,故应用 which。
8.The number of smokers,________ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015·江苏,21)A.it
B.which B.which D.that B.where D.when B.why D.which C.what
答案 D
D.as 解析 句意为:据报道,吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如„„”,符合句意,故选D项。
9.Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,________ you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京,24)A.which
C.when
答案 D 解析 句意为:对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。先行词是St.Paul’s Church;从句主谓宾成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语,用where。故选D。
10.Creating an atmosphere _____ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015·浙江,19)A.as
C.in which
答案 C 解析 句意为:创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知,________ employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句,从句中缺少状语,故用where或“介词+which”引导,根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in,故选C项。11.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.(2015·天津,15)A.where
C.when
答案 A 解析 句意为:该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围,这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为an easy atmosphere,在从句中作地点状语,故要用where。
12.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015·福建,34)A.who B.whom C.that D.which 答案 D
B.which D.who B.whose D.at which B.that D.where 解析 句意为:《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句,在从句中作主语,用which来引导。
13.It is a truly delightful place,________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015·湖南,29)A.as
C.that
答案 D 解析 句意为:它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方,它看起来一定跟100年前一样,有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place,且后面的定语从句中缺少主语,可用which或that引导;又因为前后两部分用逗号连接,所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句,故用which。
14.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.(2015·安徽,28)A.it
C.whose
答案 D 解析 句意为:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句;that不用于介词之后;whose作定语时,其后需有名词;depend on/upon依靠,依赖,介词upon被提到了定语从句引导词之前,只能用which来引导,故选D。
15.As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.(2015·陕西,15)A.which
C.whom
答案 D 解析 句意为:作为家里最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为the time,在从句中作时间状语,故用when引导。选D。16.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.(2014·江苏,22)A.which
C.as
B.when D.where B.where D.when B.that D.which B.where D.which 答案 D 解析 句意为:这本书在日常交际中给予了我很大的帮助,尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。本题先行词为work,可以理解为抽象的地点;而从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语,因此可以排除关系代词,而选择可以作状语的关系副词where。
17.The exact year _____ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014·安徽,22)A.when
C.why
答案 D 解析 先行词是the exact year,定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词,后面缺少宾语,所以选D。18.Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.(2014·陕西,13)A.that
C.as
答案 A 解析 先行词是information,指物,关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语,且先行词有不定代词all修饰,故关系词只能用that。
19.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,________ my classmates recommended to me.(2014·北京,26)A.who
C.when
答案 B 解析 此处the book Sherlock Holmes是先行词,指物,关系词在从句中作recommended的宾语;又因为是非限制性定语从句。故选B项。
20.A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014·山东,10)A.which
C.who
答案 B 解析 句意为:国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company之间为所属关系,故选择whose。
B.whose D.why B.which D.where B.which D.what B.where D.which
一、高频考点
1.“介词+which/whom”中介词的确定(1)与定语从句中的动词或形容词构成搭配。The man with whom I talked is a professor.和我谈话的那个人是一名教授。
(2)与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(3)“of which/whom”表示所属关系。
There are forty students in our class,most of whom are from the south.我们班有四十名学生,其中大部分来自南方。(4)“介词短语+which/whom”引导定语从句。He arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a boy.他来到一所农舍,在农舍前面坐着一个小男孩。(5)通过句意来判断。
He was educated at Beijing University,after which he went abroad to receive further education.他在北京大学接受教育,然后去了国外接受进一步教育。(6)关系副词可以与“介词+which”互换。The house where/in which he lives needs repairing.他住的那所房子需要修理。
2.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句,只能放在主句后;as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首、句中或句末均可。
As we all know,the earth goes around the sun.众所周知,地球围着太阳转。
(2)which可作实义动词的主语,as不可。
He didn’t come as expected,which made Mary angry.他没如期前来,这让玛丽很生气。(3)主、从句语意一致,用as,which皆可;语意不一致,只能用which。He married again,which/as was expected.他又结婚了,这是预料到的。
He married again,which was unexpected.他又结婚了,这是没有预料到的。3.定语从句与其他语法项目的区别
(1)与地点状语从句的区别:定语从句前有表示地点的先行词,地点状语从句则没有;定语从句中的where可用“介词+which”代替,地点状语从句中的where则不能。He put the book where you could find it.(地点状语从句)He put the book in the place where you could find it.(定语从句)(2)与结果状语从句的区别:分析such后的名词在从句中是否作成分,如作成分则是定语从句,用as引导;反之则为结果状语从句,用that引导。He is such a good boy as we all like.(定语从句)He is such a good boy that we all like him.(结果状语从句)
二、易错点梳理
1.关系代词的误用及漏用:注意定语从句的先行词被all,some,any,no,few,every,much等不定代词修饰时,关系代词用that。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?
2.定语从句主谓不一致:在one of...结构中,先行词为of后的复数名词或代词,从句谓语用复数形式;先行词是“the only/very one of+复数名词”时,从句谓语用单数形式。He is one of the students who were awarded.他是受到嘉奖的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students who was awarded.他是唯一一个受到嘉奖的学生。
3.关系词充当替代词:定语从句中不能出现先行词的替代词。He is the person that I am looking for.他就是我要找的那个人。(for后不能跟him)4.“地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句。当先行词为point,case,situation,condition,stage,position,scene,spot,activity,family,job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事物的某个方面时,where相当于from which,under which等,表示“从„„中,在„„情况下”等。
We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.我们只是想尽力达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。
1.President Xi’s visit to the UK creates a win-win situation,________ both China and the UK will benefit a lot in economic and social development.(2017·盐城中学阶段检测,26)A.one where
C.which
答案 A 解析 句意为:习主席到英国的访问创造了一个中国和英国在经济和社交发展上双赢的局面。空后是一个完整的句子,不缺宾语或者主语,由此可以先排除C项。其他三个答案都有one,one后是定语从句,而one在从句中作的是地点状语,不能省略引导词,由此可以排除B项。one在这里是situation的同位语,意思是“一个„„的局面”并不是特指,所以不需要冠词,由此可以排除D项。故选A项。
2.The bullet train has quickened the rate ________ we travel from one place to another.(2017·丹阳高级中学期中,22)A.at which
C.to which
答案 A 解析 句意为:高速列车加速了我们从一个地方到另一个地方的旅行速度。把at which中的关系代词换上先行词放到从句中,则从句变为:We travel from one place to another at the rate.句意完整,然后用关系代词代替先行词,再把介词和关系代词放到从句句首引导定语从句就成了原题,故正确答案是A。
3.The increased responsibilities ________ her best qualities ________ were beyond most people.(2017·扬州中学期中,30)A.brought about;which B.brought out;that C.brought in;which
B.with which D.for which B.one
D.the one in which D.brought up;that 答案 B 解析 句意为:责任感的增加体现出她的优秀品质,这是大多数人不具有的。bring out使显现,符合句意。先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时,用that引导定语从句,故答案为B。4.It is said that a most popular emoji(expression of emotion on the Internet)is the “face with the rolling eyes”,________ is used in 14 percent of text messages.(2017·扬州中学期中,22)A.that
C.whose
答案 D 解析 句意为:据说,“翻白眼”成了网络上非常流行的表情符号,14%的短信用到它。空处是一个非限制性定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。that不引导非限制性定语从句,what不引导定语从句,whose在从句中往往作定语,均不符合该题。故答案为D。
5.________ our senses are quite great and can generally meet our needs to go through the day,they are not all the things ________ they could be.(2017·华罗庚中学调研,24)A.As;that
C.Though;which
答案 D 解析 句意为:尽管我们的感官很了不起,并能大体上满足我们过完一天的需求,但是这些可能并不是它们的全部。根据句意可知,前后内容存在转折关系,故第一空用although,though或while引导让步状语从句;第二空引导定语从句,先行词是things,且前面有all修饰,关系词在定语从句中作表语,应用that引导,故选D项。
6.Titled Pain,the book contains 51 poems,________ written in the past three years,Zhao told China Daily in Beijing.(2017·溧水高级中学二模,26)A.most of which
C.most of what
答案 B 解析 句意为:赵在北京向《中国日报》表示,《痛苦》这本书包含了51首诗,它们中大部分是在过去三年中写成的。________ written in the past three years中没有谓语动词,故不是从句,不需要连词。实际上此处是一个独立主格结构,most of them为逻辑主语,written in the past three years为逻辑谓语,故选B。
B.most of them D.most of it B.Although;what D.While;that B.what D.which 7.As a student of Senior Three,he has very little free time ________ he can spend developing his own interest.(2017·南京九中学情调研,23)A.when
C.at which
答案 D 解析 句意为:作为一名高三学生,他几乎没有空闲时间可以发展自己的兴趣。此处先行词time被little修饰,所以用关系代词that作及物动词spend的宾语。
8.Yang Jiang’s Reaching the Brink of Life,the title of ________ refers to her late husband’s collection of essays,was published at the age of 97.(2017·南京学情调研,32)A.that
C.whose
答案 B 解析 句意为:杨绛的《走到人生边上》在她97岁时出版,该书的标题指的是她已故丈夫的散文集。分析句子成分可知,本题为定语从句。先行词为Reaching the Brink of Life,在从句中作of的宾语,先行词指物,因此用which,结合句意可知which符合题意。
9.The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book,________ both of them fail to express.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,29)A.where
C.who
答案 D 解析 句意为:这本书中揭露了这两个年轻人都未能表达其内心的想法。分析句子成分可知,本题为非限制性定语从句。先行词为the inner thoughts,从句中express的后面缺少宾语,结合句意可知which符合题意。
10.The international situation is currently undergoing great changes ________ UNESCO plays an irreplaceable role in promoting international cooperation.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,34)A.that
C.which
答案 D 解析 句意为:国际形势正在经历着巨大的变化,其中联合国教科文组织在促进国际合作中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。这句话使用了定语从句,先行词是the international situation,定
B.what D.where B.when D.which B.which D.what B.in which D.that 语从句中不缺少主、宾、表,缺少的是地点状语,所以用where引导定语从句。故选D。11.In my opinion,one’s individual income does not wholly reflect the extent ________ one’s self-value and social value are realized.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,26)A.of which
C.on which
答案 D 解析 句意为:我认为一个人的收入不能完全体现其自我价值和社会价值实现的程度。to the extent是固定搭配,意为“达到这种程度”。which引导定语从句,指代extent,并作介词to的宾语,故答案为D。
12.We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless,a world ________ each and every corner is a true paradise.(2017·南京、盐城二模,29)A.that
C.of which
答案 C 解析 句意为:我们致力于创造一个远离无家可归和绝望的世界,一个每个角落都是真正的乐园的世界。先行词为world,代入定语从句后为every corner of the world is a true paradise,故选C项。
13.According to the report,the government will hold a meeting ________ people can voice their opinions on today’s global economy.(2017·如皋调研,21)A.which
C.when
答案 B 解析 句意为:据报道,政府将举行一个会议,在会议上,人们可以表达他们对当今全球经济的看法。空处引导定语从句,先行词是a meeting,定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。
14.Teachers in primary schools ________ influence the kids fall under should be role models.(2017·苏北六市联考,27)A.whose
C.where
答案 A
B.who D.which B.where D.whose B.which D.from where B.with which D.to which 解析 句意为:小学老师们应该成为榜样,孩子们会受到他们的影响。根据句子结构可知,teachers是定语从句的先行词,孩子是受到老师的影响,即the kids fall under the teachers’ influence,应用whose引导定语从句,作influence的定语,故选A项。
15.Scientists think calculating is a necessary skill ________ they base their researches.(2017·苏北四市调研,28)A.on it
C.on which
答案 C 解析 句意为:科学家认为计算是必要的技能,他们的研究以此为基础。本题考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知,定语从句的先行词为skill,on it不能引导定语从句,介词后不能用that,排除A、B两项;把先行词代入定语从句后为they base their researches on the skill,由此可知选C项。
16.Last fall,I went to the US as an exchange student.I’ll never forget my homestay there ________ I became a real DIY enthusiast.(2016·南通、扬州、泰州调研,21)A.where
C.that
答案 B 解析 句意为:去年秋天我去美国做交换生,我不会忘记我在当地居民家居住的时期,当时我成了一个真正的DIY爱好者。这是一个定语从句,先行词为homestay(在当地居民家居住的时期),表示时间,从句中缺少时间状语,故选B。
17.Many university graduates wish to be offered a job ________ they can find an opportunity to experience the excitement of it.(2016·镇江一模,25)A.which
C.where
答案 C 解析 句意为:很多大学毕业生希望能被提供一份工作,在这份工作中他们能找到机会去体验工作中令人兴奋的事情。a job为先行词,从句中缺少抽象地点状语in the job,故用关系副词where。
18.There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.A.as B.that C.when D.where
B.why D.what
B.when D.which B.on that D.on whose 答案 A 解析 本句是as引导的非限制性定语从句,代指前面整个句子,在从句中作主语。as is often the case事实往往如此。
19.It wasn’t easy having my friends talk about their freshman years ________ I wasn’t a part of.(2016·南京、盐城二模,31)A.whom
C.that
答案 C 解析 句意为:让我们的朋友讲述大学一年级时候的事情,而在那时候我又没有在其中,这样做是很难的。定语从句中缺少宾语,而先行词是years,故用关系代词that。
20.As a dark horse,China’s football team was through to the quarterfinals ________ it lost to the host country Australia.A.as
C.that
答案 D 解析 句意为:中国足球队作为一匹黑马一举进入四分之一决赛,在四分之一决赛中,输给了东道主澳大利亚队。quarterfinals为定语从句的先行词,从句中缺少地点状语,应用where引导。故选D项。
B.what D.where B.when D.what
第四篇:2018年江苏高考专题一语法知识:第1讲动词的时态与语态
第1讲 动词的时态与语态
1.He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he________.(2017·江苏,27)A.was being followed
C.had been followed
答案 A 解析 句意为:他匆忙回家了,一次也没有回头看看他是否正被跟踪。这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。综合可知选A项。
2.He’s been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017·江苏,31)A.hasn’t qualified
C.doesn’t qualify
答案 C 解析 句意为:他已被告知,因为他的学术背景,他没有获得奖学金的资格。本空的谓语动词qualify在这里用作不及物动词,表示“有资格,有权利”,此处并不表示延续性的动作,而是说明“他没有资格”这一实际情况,因此用一般现在时的否定式doesn’t qualify。3.—________ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes.They are happy with it.(2017·北京,24)A.Did you call
C.Will you call
答案 A 解析 句意为:——昨天你给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品印象如何了吗?——打
B.Have you called D.Were you calling B.hadn’t qualified D.wasn’t qualifying B.was following D.followed 过了,他们对我们的产品很满意。由yesterday(昨天)可知,句子用一般过去时。D项是过去进行时,与语境不符。
4.In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones ________ yet.(2017·北京,29)A.haven’t invented B.haven’t been invented C.hadn’t invented D.hadn’t been invented 答案 D 解析 句意为:在20世纪50年代的美国,大多数家庭家里仅有一部电话,那时无线电话还没有被发明出来。由in the 1950s可知句子说的是过去发生的事情,又由yet可知,要用完成时,故空格处用过去完成时;又因phones与invent之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态。综合可知,选D项。
5.People ________ better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.(2017·北京,33)A.will have
C.had
答案 B 解析 句意为:人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务,因此人们更长寿了。句子说的是现在的情况,故用一般现在时,选B项。have access to有权使用,有机会接近。
6.I_______ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017·天津,8)A.was driving
C.would drive
答案 A 解析 句意为:我正开车去伦敦,这时突然发现我走错路了。be doing...when...是固定句式,表示“正在做„„这时„„”。
7.More efforts,as reported,________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(2016·江苏,22)A.are made
C.are being made
B.will be made D.have been made B.have driven D.drove B.have D.had had 答案 B 解析 句意为:据报道,为加快供给侧结构性改革今后几年要付出更多的努力。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知,此处要用一般将来时,再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系可知答案为B。
8.Dashan,who ________ crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016·江苏,29)A.will be learning
C.had been learning
答案 D 解析 句意为:大山已经学习相声——中国传统喜剧形式——数十年了,他想把中国相声与西方单口相声融合起来。根据时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知,此处表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到将来)的动作,故此处要用现在完成进行时。9.Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016·北京,21)A.works
C.was working
答案 C 解析 句意为:杰克正在实验室里工作这时突然停电了。be doing...when...(某人)正在做某事,这时„„,是固定句式。由occurred可知停电是发生在过去的某一具体时刻,故用过去进行时,选C。
10.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.(2016·北京,30)A.rewarded
C.will reward
答案 D 解析 句意为:学生们一直努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会获得成功的。由句意可知,reward这一动作发生在have been working之后,故用将来时态;efforts和reward之间为被动关系,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
11.When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I ____ for years.(2016·天津,3)A.didn’t see
C.hadn’t seen
B.haven’t seen D.wouldn’t see B.were rewarded D.will be rewarded B.has worked D.would work B.is learning D.has been learning 答案 C 解析 句意为:沿街走路时,我偶然遇到了戴维,我们已有好几年没见了。“没见”表示的动作在came across之前,且for years是完成时的标志,所以应选表示过去完成时的hadn’t seen。
12.—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars.We ________ here for more than two hours.(2016·北京,23)A.waited
C.would be waiting
答案 D 解析 句意为:——请问,你们在等哪场电影?——新的《星球大战》,我们在这儿已经等了两个多小时了。由句中时间状语“for more than two hours”可知,动作从过去延续到现在,并对现在产生了直接影响,且动作还可能继续,故用现在完成进行时。故选D。
13.I ________ half of the English novel,and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016·北京,25)A.read
C.am reading
答案 B 解析 句意为:我已经读完这本英文小说的一半了,我会争取在周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成的动作,并且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有影响,故用现在完成时。14.The real reason why prices ________,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015·江苏,30)A.were
C.have been
答案 A 解析 句意为:物价过去很高,现在依然居高不下,其真正原因是复杂的,不是两三句话能圆满解释的。根据空格后面的and still are(而且现在仍然是)判断,前面是指物价过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故选A项。
15.—Dr Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right.I ________ him later.(2015·北京,30)A.will call
C.call
B.have called D.will be calling B.will be D.had been B.have read D.will read B.wait
D.have been waiting 答案 A 解析 句意为:——Jackson博士现在不在他的办公室里。——好的。过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时,故选A。
16.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ a class at that time.(2015·天津,6)A.will teach
C.has taught
答案 D 解析 句意为:简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议,因为那时她将在授课。时间状语at that time指的是前面的at 3 o’clock this afternoon,表示将来某个时刻正在做某事,要用将来进行时。17.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement________ so far by the two sides.(2015·天津,9)A.has been reached
C.will reach
答案 A 解析 句意为:尽管之前进行了多轮会谈,但到目前为止双方还没达成任何协议。根据时间状语so far可知此处要用现在完成时,主语agreement与动词reach之间为被动关系,故要用现在完成时的被动形式。
18.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people guessed that he ________ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.(2015·浙江,8)A.has been
C.was going to be
答案 C 解析 句意为:阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦生于1879年。孩提时,很少有人会猜想到他能成为其理论会改变世界的著名科学家。由语境可知,此处指在爱因斯坦小时候人们所猜想的,表示“从过去看将来会发生的事情”,要用过去将来时态,用would/should do,was/were to do或者was/were going to do表示,故C项正确。
19.That’s why I help brighten people’s days.If you ________,who’s to say that another person will?(2015·湖南,35)A.didn’t
B.don’t B.had been D.was B.was reached D.will have reached B.would teach D.will be teaching C.weren’t
答案 B
D.haven’t 解析 句意为:那就是为什么我要帮助人们使他们天天心情愉快。如果你不那样做的话,谁能说另一个人会那样做呢?本句中if引导的是条件状语从句,从句中需用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
20.To my delight,I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015·福建,26)A.was chosen
C.would choose
答案 A 解析 句意为:令我高兴的是,在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先,句子主语I和choose是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;其次,本句是对过去所发生事情的客观描述,所以用一般过去时。
B.was being chosen D.had chosen
一、几种易混的动词时态的比较 1.一般过去时和现在完成时的比较
(1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作时,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果;而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.她打扫了房间。现在非常干净。
此句中的has cleaned就不能改为cleaned,因为clean这一动作的结果仍与现状有关。(2)汉语中的“了”“过”“曾”等词常用完成时来表达,I have seen that film.我看过那部电影了。
但是如果是在过去的特定时间“看了”或“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去时来表达。
—When did you see that film? —I saw it yesterday.——你什么时候看了那部电影? ——我昨天看的。
2.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较
现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作,或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果;现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性,还可表示动作的重复。
Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》在过去的几年里至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。—Hi,Tracy,you look tired.—I am tired.I have been painting the living room all day.——嗨,特雷西,你看起来很累。——我累了。我一整天都在粉刷客厅。3.现在进行时和过去进行时的比较
现在进行时描述现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事;过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作,两者选取的时间参考点不同。—Hey,look where you are going!
—Oh,I’m terribly sorry.I wasn’t noticing.——嘿,看你往哪儿走的!——哦,真对不起。我没注意到。
由语境可知,第一句描述正在发生的事情,故用现在进行时;答话者在对方提醒下才注意到自己的过失,也就是之前一直没有注意到,故用过去进行时。4.一般过去时和过去进行时的比较
一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况,是一个已经完成了的、只做一次的动作;过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作,是一个尚未完成的动作,可以表示过去反复做的动作。
He was writing a book about China last year,but I don’t know if he has finished it.他去年在写一本关于中国的书,但我不知道他是否已经完成了。
从“I don’t know if he has finished it”可推断,他去年一直在写,所以用过去进行时。Tom slipped into the house when no one was noticing.没人注意时,汤姆溜进了屋子。
slipped指过去有结果的动作(他溜进去了),when no one was noticing指他溜进去的一刹那正在发生的情况(没有人注意)。
二、破除思维定式解决时态题
思维定式一:“for+一段时间”总是与现在完成时连用
“for+一段时间”用在句子中,只表示动作持续了一段时间,这个动作可能已经结束,也可能在将来某个时间发生,还可表示持续到现在为止。所以“for+一段时间”并不总是与现在完成时连用。
—Haven’t seen you for ages!Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.——好久没见到你了,你去哪儿了?
——我去了宁夏,在那里待了一年,作为一名志愿者教书。
由对话可知,went和stayed是两个发生在过去的动作,并没有持续到现在,故stay要用一般过去时。
思维定式二:“平行结构”中的时态要一致
平行结构往往表示两个或多个发生在同一时间段内的动作,因此动作常常衔接而来,时态要尽量一致(特殊情况除外)。如:
Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we had expected.手写所有的邀请函比我们预计的更费时。(“预计”这一动作发生在手写邀请函之前,而手写邀请函是一个过去的事实,故“预计”这个动作要用过去完成时态。)思维定式三:过去的时间状语要与过去的各种时态连用
I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel.那天我本来打算晚些时候去拜访你的,但是我不得不打电话取消了。
根据句意可知,在过去的时间点说将来,如果谓语动词是come,go,leave...,则常用过去进行时表将来。
思维定式四:句子中出现look,hear用现在进行时
句子中出现look,hear以提醒别人注意时,往往这一动作正在进行,但也有例外: —Look!Somebody has cleaned the sofa.—Well,it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it.——看!有人已经把沙发整理干净了。——哦,那不是我。我没有做。
从答语可以看出事件已经完成了,故前面一句着重谈对现在的影响,故用现在完成时态。
1.—Hi,Jenny,how are you getting on with your packing? —I ________ what to take with me.(2017·南京、盐城一模,27)A.will have decided
C.am deciding
答案 C 解析 句意为:——嗨,珍妮,你的行李收拾得怎么样啦?——我正在决定要带什么呢。根据语境可知,两人之间的对话为现在发生的事情,而珍妮正在决定要带什么行李。结合句意可知本题的时态为现在进行时,故选C项。2.—Didn’t you talk any with Rice? —No,the plane ________ off when I rushed to the airport to see her off.(2017·南京九中模拟,31)A.was taking
C.took
答案 B 解析 句意为:——你没有和Rice说什么吗?——没有,我赶到机场送她的时候飞机已经起飞了。take off这一动作发生在rush这一动作之前,rush用的过去时,所以take off要用过去的过去,即过去完成时。故选B项。3.—Have you got the washing machine fixed? —I paid a lot of money,but still it ________ to work.(2017·南京学情调研,25)A.fails
C.has failed
答案 A 解析 句意为:——你的洗衣机修好了吗?——我付了很多钱,但是洗衣机仍然无法运转。根据语境可知,洗衣机仍然无法运转为发生在现在的事情,故本题的时态为一般现在时,答案选A。
4.The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than when we ________ admitted.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,26)A.will get
C.got
B.get D.have got B.is failing D.had failed B.had taken D.has taken B.would decide D.had decided 答案 C 解析 句意为:我们学校的校长希望我们在毕业的时候比入学的时候更有雄心。根据语境可知,毕业是在将来,而入学是在过去,应用一般过去时,故选C项。
5.I hope when you come tomorrow,you ________ the reading and have something to share.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,34)A.did
C.will be doing
答案 D 解析 句意为:我希望当你们明天来的时候,你们已经阅读完了,并且有东西分享。根据语境可知,此处在谈论将来的事情,应用将来的时态,排除A、B两项;根据have something to share可知,已经读完才有东西可分享,应用将来完成时,故选D项。
6.When someone ________,it will double his or her chances of being helpful again.(2017·镇江一模,22)A.thanks
C.was thanked
答案 B 解析 句意为:当有人被感谢的时候,他或她再次助人的可能性将增加一倍。根据being helpful可知,一个人在助人为乐后得到感谢会再帮助别人,“得到感谢”应用被动语态,排除A、D两项;根据主句的一般将来时可知,从句应用一般现在时表将来,故选B项。7.—It’s a complete mess.Where are the kitchen table tops? —At the back.We ________ them by 7 pm this evening.(2017·镇江期末,29)A.are placing
C.will be placing
答案 D 解析 句意为:——这简直是一团糟。厨房桌子的桌面在哪里?——在后面。我们今晚七点前会将它们摆放好。根据时间状语by 7 pm this evening可知本题的时态为将来完成时,故选D。
8.I’m afraid the teacher will blame you for you’ve failed to do what you ________ to.(2017·南通如皋联考,5)A.will expect
B.will be expected B.have placed D.will have placed B.is thanked D.thanked B.are doing D.will have done C.expected
答案 D
D.were expected 解析 句意为:恐怕老师会因为你没能做到所期望的事而责备你。根据句意可知,你是被老师期望做某事,应用被动语态;根据you’ve failed可知,被期望的事发生在过去,应用一般过去式,故选D项。
9.When he ________ the bill in the restaurant,he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet in the car.(2017·南通一调,29)A.paid
C.was to pay
答案 C 解析 句意为:当他在餐馆里要付钱的时候,他突然意识到他把钱包落在车里了。根据语境可知,他打算付钱,be to do可以表示即刻的将来,且能用在时间状语从句中。本题讲述的是过去的事情,应用was to do,表示过去打算做某事,故选C项。10.—Where is Gary? —He is at the library studying for his German test on Wednesday.In fact,he ________ for the test every day over the past week.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,24)A.has reviewed
C.has been reviewing
答案 C 解析 句意为:——Gary在哪里?——他在图书馆为周三的德语考试学习呢。事实上在过去的一周他每天都在为考试复习。时间状语over the past week常和完成时态连用,根据语境可知,Gary过去一周一直在学习,即动作从过去开始,延续到现在,现在还在进行中,应用现在完成进行时,故选C项。
11.—The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop.—I’m glad we ________ them in the years ahead.(2017·苏北六市联考,30)A.will be operating
C.would be operating
答案 A 解析 句意为:——新机器已经到了,正在车间里被测试。——我很高兴在今后的几年里可以操作它们。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知,操作机器应发生在将来,故选A项。
B.have been operating D.had been operating B.was reviewing D.had been reviewing B.would be paying D.had paid 12.It is almost always the case that the police conduct an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who ________ the offence.(2017·苏州调研,25)A.commits
C.committed
答案 C 解析 句意为:情况几乎总是这样的:警察进行调查并且查看证据,而证据可能暗示是谁犯了罪。根据句意可知,谁犯了罪是发生在警察进行调查并且查看证据之前的事情。由conduct an investigation and look at the evidence的一般现在时可知空处的时态为一般过去时,故选C项。13.Owing to the speeding up of urbanization and improvement of living standards,people’s consumption patterns ________ in the last few years.(2017·苏北四市一调,21)A.changed
C.had changed
答案 D 解析 句意为:由于城市化的加速和生活水平的提高,在过去的几年中人们的消费模式发生了变化。根据时间状语in the last few years可知,变化发生在过去的几年里,即从几年前到现在,符合现在完成时的使用语境,故选D项。14.—Guess what?I met Mark at the party.—If my memory serves me correctly,you two ________ each other for almost ten years.(2017·南通如皋联考,6)A.haven’t seen
C.didn’t see
答案 B 解析 句意为:——你猜怎么着?我在聚会上遇到了Mark。——如果我没记错的话,你们俩差不多10年没见面了。两人差不多10年没见面是发生在I met Mark at the party之前的事,也就是发生在“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时,故选B项。15.—Why are you so upset,Mary? —My boss ________ fault with me.He is not so kind as you think.(2017·南通一模,22)A.always finds
C.has always found 答案 B
B.is always finding D.always found B.hadn’t seen D.don’t see B.change D.have changed B.commit D.will commit 解析 句意为:——Mary,你为什么这么沮丧啊?——我老板总是挑我的毛病。他没有你想的那么友善。be always doing sth.总是做某事,带有感情色彩,或喜欢或讨厌,符合语境,故选B项。
16.—Go for a drink together? —Fine.I ________ how to spend the rest of the night.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,31)A.wonder
C.was wondering
答案 C 解析 句意为:——一起去喝一杯?——好啊,我刚才正在想如何来度过今晚余下的时光呢。过去进行时可表示说话者在说这句话之前正在做的事情,还可以表示一种礼貌,符合交际用语的特点,故选C项。
17.New energy vehicle-sharing projects ________ in dozens of cities across the country to fuel China’s sharing economy in the next few years.(2017·连云港、徐州、宿迁三模,27)A.are to carry out B.are being carried out C.were carried out D.will have been carried out 答案 B 解析 句意为:为了在未来几年为我国的分享经济注入发展动力,新能源汽车共享项目正在多个城市展开。根据句意可知,项目现在正在被开展,故选B项。18.—I hope you’ll make good efforts while I’m away.—Be assured!You’ll be amazed at what ________ accomplished when you get back.(2016·南通三模,25)A.will have been
C.was
答案 A 解析 句意为:——我希望我不在的时候你能够好好努力。——请放心!当你回来的时候,你会对我完成的事情感到吃惊。本题中when you get back是用一般现在时表示将来,那么get back是发生在将来的动作,根据语境可知,当你回来的时候我已经完成了,故应用将来完成时。19.—Tom,you look worried.Anything I can do for you?
B.has been D.would be B.had wondered D.have wondered —I ________ if you could give me a three-day leave to look after my baby in hospital.(2016·南通、扬州、泰州调研,35)A.had wondered
C.would wonder
答案 B 解析 句意为:——汤姆,你看起来很担心,需要我为你做些什么吗?——我刚才正在想你能否给我三天假来照顾我住院的小孩。这是一个宾语从句,根据句意可知,我刚才正在考虑这件事,符合交际用语的特点,故B正确。
20.When you visit our town next August,a modern sports center ________,for the National Games are to be held then.A.will be constructing B.has been constructing C.will have been constructed D.is being constructed 答案 C 解析 句意为:到明年八月份你来参观我们镇的时候,一个现代化的体育中心将已经完工,因为全国运动会将在那时举行。根据时间状语next August可知construct应该在将来;另外到那个时候将举行全国运动会,体育中心应该已经完工,应用将来完成时的被动结构,故选C项。
B.was wondering D.have wondered
第五篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第6讲名词性从句
第6讲 名词性从句
1.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20,half of________ it used to charge.(2017·江苏,26)A.that
C.what
答案 C 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:我们选择这家旅馆,因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元,这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看,本句的half of部分在句中作 20的同位语,由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句,作介词of的宾语,同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语,因此选C。
2.Every year,________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京,23)A.whatever
C.whomever
答案 B 解析 考查主语从句。句意为:每年,在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever无论谁,表泛指,在句中作主语,相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语,不合题意;whatever任何„„的事物;whichever无论哪个,无论哪些。
3.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing ________ she was heading.(2017·北京,26)A.why
C.how
答案 B 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着,并不知道要去哪里。why为什么;how怎样;when什么时候。
4.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津,4)A.when
C.whether
答案 C 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆,我承认还没还。when
B.where D.what B.where D.when B.whoever D.whichever B.which D.how 什么时候;where在哪里;what什么,均不符合语境。
5.It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江苏,21)A.why
B.what C.as D.that 答案 D 解析 考查主语从句。句意为:通常情况下,对于那些心存希望的人来说,一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的名词性从句,从句结构完整,不缺成分,故要用that引导。
6.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016·北京,29)A.what
C.whether
答案 B 解析 考查表语从句。句意为:雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,故选B。
7.The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津,11)A.whether
C.which
答案 B 解析 考查同位语从句。句意为:经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知,空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容,从句中不缺成分且意义完整,故选B项。
8.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.(2016·北京,24)A.However
C.Whatever
答案 C 解析 考查主语从句。句意为:你们的支持对我们的工作很重要,无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语,且引导主语从句,故用whatever。
9.________ Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.(2015·江苏,25)A.That
C.Where
答案 C
B.Why D.How B.Whoever D.Wherever B.that D.what B.that D.why 解析 考查主语从句。句意为:李白,一个伟大的中国诗人,其出生地是众所周知的,但也有一些人不接受它。“Where Li Bai...was born”是主语从句,表示“李白出生的地方”。10.I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.(2015·北京,33)A.that
C.what
答案 A 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词,故选A。
11.________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京,35)A.Where
C.Why
答案 B 解析 考查主语从句。句意为:我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。分析句子结构可知“________ we understand things”为主语,结合句意可知选B。
12.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015·浙江,6)A.what
C.that
答案 A 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话,务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。分析句子结构可知,此处investigate后接了宾语从句,从句缺少主语,故用what引导。
13.A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not________ ships are built for.(2015·安徽,25)A.what
C.why
答案 A 解析 考查表语从句。句意为:船停在港口里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的。that’s not后跟从句作表语,表语从句中的for后缺少宾语,用what引导,故选A。why和when是连接副词,不能作宾语;whom指人。
14.—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.(2015·福建,29)A.where
C.why
答案 B
B.how D.if B.whom D.when B.who D.whoever B.How D.When B.where D.why 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持了那么好的身材。——通过每天锻炼。根据回答by doing可知问的是方式。
15.You have to know ________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2015·湖南,26)A.what
C.where
答案 C 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:你如果要计划到达那里的最好的方法,就得知道自己要往哪里去。分析句子结构可知,know后的______ you’re going是宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where。
16.Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for ________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015·陕西,19)A.what
C.why
答案 A 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:读了多丽丝·莱辛的传记,我对她在文学上获得的成就钦佩不已。分析句子结构可知,介词for后接的是宾语从句,从句中缺少achieve的宾语,故用what引导。
17.The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015·四川,8)A.where
C.what
答案 B 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:这个展览告诉了我们为什么我们要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语,故选项C、D错误;where表示地点,不符合题意,故选B,why表示“„„的原因”。18.We must find out ________ Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.(2015·重庆,8)A.when
C.where
答案 A 解析 考查宾语从句。句意为:我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来,以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知,要给Karl订房间,那么就要清楚他来这里的时间,故选when。19.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame,mum.I am ________ you have made me.(2014·江苏,26)A.how
C.that
B.what
D.who B.how D.why B.why D.which B.that D.how B.that D.who 答案 B 解析 考查表语从句。句意为:——这么乱!你总是这么懒!——妈妈,要怪也不应当怪我啊。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。分析句子结构可知,I am后是表语从句,引导词what在从句中作me的补足语,相当于the one/person that,即I am the one/person that you have made me.。
20.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing ________ you’re afraid to do.(2014·福建,34)A.that
C.how
答案 B 解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导一个宾语从句,且引导词在从句中作do的宾语,故用what。
B.what D.whether
1.介词后面一般不接that引导的宾语从句,此时需要用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
You may depend on it that they will support you.你放心,他们会支持你的。
2.某些动词如enjoy,hate,have,hide,like,love,appreciate,take等后面不能直接跟宾语从句,需要用it作形式宾语,再把从句放到后面。I would appreciate it if you could help me.如果你能帮我,我会很感激。
3.reason作主语,表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why或because引导。The reason why he didn’t attend school was that he was ill.他没来上学的原因是他病了。
4.动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中时,其后的宾语从句常用that作连接词;用在肯定句中时,连接词用whether或if均可,而不用that。名词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中时,一般用that引导同位语从句;用在肯定句中时,一般用whether引导同位语从句。I doubt whether/if he is at home.我怀疑他是否在家。
There is no doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.毫无疑问他们会提前完成任务。
5.whether可引导所有名词性从句。whether引导的从句能用作介词的宾语;whether能用在discuss,decide后引导宾语从句,还可以和or not直接连用,但以上三种情况均不能用if。Are you talking about whether he will come? 你们是在谈论他是否会来吗? I don’t care whether I can get it or not.我不在乎我是否可以得到它。
6.“wh-+ever”既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句;“no matter wh-”只能引导让步状语从句,可以和“wh-+ever”互换。
He would believe whatever I said.我说什么他都相信。
Whatever/No matter what I said,he wouldn’t listen to me.无论我说什么,他都不会听我的。7.what和that引导的名词性从句的区别:
what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语;that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,无任何意义。What the lecturer said is very valuable.演讲者讲的话非常有用。
That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.看起来她不太可能会拒绝这项提议。
1.What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(2017·灌南高级中学检测,25)A.when
C.whether
答案 C 解析 句意为:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲能否从严重的疾病中快点恢复。空处引导的是表语从句,表示“是否”,故用whether。
2.________ surprises me most is that she doesn’t even know where the difference between the two lies.(2017·灌南高级中学检测,28)A.That C.Who
答案 B 解析 句意为:最让我惊讶的事情是她甚至都不知道两者之间的差异在哪里。what在主语从句What surprises me most中作主语。that引导的表语从句中包含一个where引导的宾语从句。3.The rising house prices in most cities have aroused concerns among young migrant workers ________ they can’t afford themselves a house.(2017·镇江期中,29)A.whether
B.where B.What D.Which B.how D.why C.what
答案 D
D.that 解析 句意为:大多数城市房价的上涨引起了年轻农民工的担忧,他们无力负担自己的房子。本题考查同位语从句,解释说明concerns,从句的句子成分完整,故填that。4.—China never lacks access to quality animation productions.—You can say that again,but the difficulty lies in ________ Chinese people translate them successfully and adapt them into the market.(2017·盐城亭湖高级中学段考,27)A.what
C.where
答案 D 解析 句意为:——中国从来不缺高质量的动画作品。——你说的没错,但是困难在于中国人如何成功翻译它们并使它们适应市场。介词in后为宾语从句。根据句子结构可知,从句不缺主语或宾语,排除A项;根据句意可知,从句缺少方式状语,应用how引导宾语从句,故选D项。
5.I think ________ Aesop was suggesting is ________ when you offer a good turn to another human being,one can hope that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you,the doer of the good deed.(2017·溧水高级中学二模,32)A.which;that
C.what;that
答案 C 解析 句意为:我想伊索所建议的是,当对他人做好事时,人们希望善行会回来,并给行善的人带来好处。think后的宾语从句中缺少宾语,故用what引导宾语从句同时在从句中作动词suggesting的宾语,is后是表语从句,在该表语从句中含有一个when引导的时间状语从句,整个句子句意成分完整,故用that引导表语从句,故答案为C。
6.There seems to be some doubt about ________ Ann will attend the meeting.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考,35)A.when
C.what
答案 B 解析 句意为:安是否参加会议似乎还有疑问。介词about后是宾语从句,that从句不作介词的宾语,排除D项;从句成分完整,排除A、C项,故正确答案为B。7.________ counts is ________ all those trapped in the building have been rescued.(2017·南京九中模拟,27)A.It;that
B.What;because B.whether D.that B.that;that D.that;what B.when D.how C.Which;because
答案 D
D.What;that 解析 句意为:重要的是那些被困在大楼里的人们已经得救了。what引导主语从句且充当主语;is之后为表语从句,从句结构完整,不缺成分,故用that引导,故选D。
8.We may look at the world around us,but somehow we manage not to see it until ________ we’ve become used to suddenly disappears.(2017·南京学情调研,27)A.when
C.what
答案 C 解析 句意为:我们可以看看我们身边的这个世界,但是我们却设法以某种方式无视它的存在直到我们习以为常的东西突然消失。分析句子成分可知,连词until的后面为状语从句,状语从句的谓语动词disappears的前面为主语从句。在主语从句中,介词to的后面缺少宾语,结合句意可知what符合题意。
9.—The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year? —Yes.That’s ________ I have compromised with the flat owner.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,32)A.what
C.how
答案 B 解析 句意为:——我们公寓的租金今年会涨20%?——是的。那就是我跟房东妥协的地方。根据句子结构可知,设空处引导一个表语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,应用where作地点状语,故选B项。
10.The problem ________ he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.(2017·南京三模,23)A.how
C.that
答案 B 解析 句意为:他将在国内或国外读大学,这个问题仍未提及。分析句子结构可知,本句是同位语从句,用来解释说明problem。根据句意可知,B项符合语境。
11.The infrastructure of a country is ________ makes everything run well,including things like transport,irrigation,electricity and schools.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,22)A.which
C.where
答案 D
B.that D.what B.whether D.when B.where D.when B.where D.why 解析 句意为:一个国家的基础设施是使得一切能正常运行的东西,包括交通、灌溉、电和学校之类的东西。is后是一个表语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,且没有范围限制,用what,故选D项。
12.I’ve come to learn that the best time to debate with family members is ________ they have food in their mouths.(2017·南京、盐城一模,30)A.how
C.whether
答案 D 解析 句意为:我已经逐渐认识到与家人辩论的最佳时间是他们的嘴里有食物的时候。分析句子成分可知,系动词is后面是表语从句。从句中缺少状语,结合句意可知when符合题意。13.—What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success? —________ he keeps focusing on what he is doing.(2017·南通一模,34)A.Because
C.Whether
答案 D 解析 句意为:——你认为是什么促成了他巨大的成功?——他把注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。分析空处所在句可知,该句句子结构、意义完整,用that引导主语从句,从句中what he is doing 为宾语从句。故选D项。
14.Hard work,along with dedicated revolutionary spirit is the fundamental guarantee to success,which is ________ we should learn from the pioneers participating in the Long March.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,32)A.that
C.what
答案 C 解析 句意为:艰苦奋斗以及甘于奉献的革命精神是取得成功的根本保障,这是我们应该从参加长征的先辈身上学习的东西。分析句子成分可知,系动词is的后面为表语从句,从句中谓语动词learn的后面缺少宾语,结合句意可知what符合题意。
15.The argument doesn’t hold much ground ________ family backgrounds offer graduates an advantage in the career competition nowadays.(2017·南通一模,21)A.where
C.which
答案 B 解析 句意为:如今家庭背景为毕业生们提供了职业竞争上的优势,这样的观点站不住脚。结合句意并分析句子成分可知,空后的句子指的是争论点的内容,是argument的同位语从句,B.that D.when B.where D.how B.How D.That B.that D.when 在这个同位语从句中,句子不缺少成分,所以用连词that。故选B。
16.As I opened my eyes,in ________ direction I looked,I could see smiling,peaceful,calm and content faces.(2016·南通调研,34)A.whatever
C.whichever
答案 C 解析 句意为:当我睁开眼的时候,无论往哪个方向看,我都能看到微笑、安宁、平静和满足的脸庞。in 为介词,后面是宾语从句,根据句意用whichever表示“无论哪一个方向”,故C正确。
17.—Where are you living now? —I’ve moved to ________ you know my grandpa once lived.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,28)A.which
C.where
答案 C 解析 句意为:——你现在住在哪里?——我已经搬到,你知道的,我爷爷曾经住过的地方了。move to后为宾语从句,从句中的you know为插入语,my grandpa once lived缺少地点状语,故用where引导宾语从句。
18.There is no doubt,from my point of view,________ matters is not what happens to you,but what you remember and how you remember it.(2016·泰州一模,22)A.what that
C.what if
答案 D 解析 句意为:在我看来,重要的不是发生了什么,而是你所记得的以及你记住它的方式,这是毫无疑问的。from my point of view为插入语,There is no doubt结构中,that引导同位语从句,从句中还含有主语从句________ matters,该主语从句缺少主语,故用what。19.Didn’t it occur to you ________ we could have solved the problem in an easier way?
(2016·南通、扬州、泰州调研,25)A.that
C.how
答案 A 解析 句意为:难道你没有想到我们本可以用更简单的办法解决这个问题吗?这是一个主语从句,it 代替后面的句子作形式主语,根据句意,从句叙述的是事实,而且不缺少任何成分,所以关系词选用that,故A正确。
20.It is known to us all that ________ we learn at present is closely linked with our future.B.whether D.why B.that that D.that what B.that D.what B.however D.wherever A.how
C.whatever
答案 C
B.whether D.whichever 解析 句意为:众所周知,我们目前所学的任何东西都与我们的将来有密切的关系。本题中that引导的是主语从句,而主语从句中还包含主语从句,______ we learn at present作从句的主语。通过对句子结构的分析,不难发现learn缺少宾语,应用whatever作learn的宾语。whichever表示一定的范围,可排除。