2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识：第2讲非谓语动词

第一篇：2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识：第2讲非谓语动词

第2讲 非谓语动词

1．Many Chinese brands，________ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江苏，21)A．having developed

C．developed

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。“________their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。句子主语many Chinese brands与动词develop之间是主动关系，且句中有延续性的时间状语over centuries，这里应该用现在分词的完成式表示主动和延续性的动作，因此选A。

2．Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.(2017·北京，27)A．save

C．to save

答案 C 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们宝贵的时间。不定式短语to save their valuable time在句中作目的状语。

3．The national park has a large collection of wildlife，________ from butterflies to elephants.(2017·北京，30)A．ranging

C．to range

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作定语。句意为：国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from...to...从„„到„„(的范围)。a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。

4．Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time ____ with his students.(2017·北京，32)

B．range D．ranged B．saving D．saved

B．being developed D．developing A．to spend

C．spending

答案 D

B．spend D．spent

解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式。

5．I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train ________.(2017·天津，10)A．catching

C．to catch

答案 C 解析 考查不定式作定语。句意为：整个会议期间，我一直在看时间，因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，且catch与a train是动宾关系，故用动词不定式作定语，用主动形式表被动意义。

6．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，________ more patients to be treated.(2017·天津，14)A．being allowed

C．having allowed

答案 B 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为：医院最近获得了新的医疗设备，从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。

7．In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.(2016·江苏，28)A．to hide

C．hiding

答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意为：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。

8．________ it easier to get in touch with us，you’d better keep this card at hand.(2016·北京，26)A．Made

C．Making

答案 D

B．Make D．To make B．hidden D．being hidden B．allowing D．allowed B．caught D．to be caught 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：为了更容易地和我们取得联系，你最好把这张名片卡放在手边。由本句话的后半句可知，make的逻辑主语为you，you与make之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，结合句意可知，非谓语动词在这里作目的状语，故选D。

9．________ over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京，28)A．Ordering

C．Having ordered

答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作状语。句意为：那些书一周前已经预定了，现在有望随时到货。order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故选D。

10．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，________ air conditioning unnecessary.(2016·天津，4)A．making

C．made

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为：凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要吹空调了。题中swept是谓语动词，所以make只能用非谓语动词形式；句子主语the cooling wind与make是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。11．To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study ________ in Australia in 2012.(2016·浙江，10)A．having conducted

C．conducting

答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为：为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知，句中没有连词，所以空处用非谓语动词，且 a study和 conduct 构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。12．I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_______with students.(2016·浙江，19)A．working

C．to work

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为：航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。

B．work D．worked B．to be conducted D．conducted B．to make D．being made B．To order D．Ordered 题干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun doing sth.做某事很开心，是固定搭配，故选A。13．Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015·江苏，24)A．being spent

C．spent

答案 C 解析 考查独立主格结构。句意为：长时间坐在办公桌前，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。

14．________ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015·天津，8)A．To work

C．To be working

答案 D 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。work与其逻辑主语Steve之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词形式；同时work的动作发生在谓语动作managed to finish之前，故要用完成时。

15．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________ whether to stay or leave.(2015·湖南，30)A．wondering

C．to wonder

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为：那名店员看到一张友善的脸，脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹，这时她愣在了那里，琢磨着是走还是留。句子的主语she与wonder之间是主动关系，且wonder与主句动作stood是同时发生的，故用现在分词作伴随状语。16．Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students________ what is bothering them.(2015·湖南，34)A．to talk over

C．talk over

答案 A 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：有时对我的同学来说我充当了听众的角色，以便与他们详细聊一聊正在困扰他们的事情。本句用动词不定式作目的状语。

B．talked over D．having talked over B．wonder D．wondered B．Worked D．Having worked B．having spent D．spending 17．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2015·重庆，11)A．used

C．using

答案 C 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，且use表示的动作与主句谓语动作find同时发生。故用v.-ing形式的一般式。

18．Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it __________ live is quite another.(2015·浙江，18)A．perform

C．to perform

答案 D 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。

19．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother________ good care of at home.(2015·陕西，18)A．taking

C．take

答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作补足语。句意为：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间是主动关系，且强调动作发生的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do；若宾语与补语之间是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing；若宾语与补语之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B项。

20．________the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015·安徽，27)A．Ignore

B．Ignoring B．taken D．be taken B．performing D．being performed B．having used D．use C．Ignored

答案 B

D．Having ignored 解析 考查现在分词短语作主语。句意为：忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从will be one of the worst mistakes you make来看，will的前面部分是主语，因此用v.-ing短语作主语。分词的完成式不能作主语。

一、常考考点

1．在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语

The teacher devoted his life to his career，making most of his students successful in study.这位老师把他的一生都奉献给了他的事业，使他的大部分学生在学习上取得了成功。2．在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语 Having worked with children，I know what is needed most.和孩子一起工作后，我知道什么是最需要的。

3．在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词 With her baby sleeping on her back，the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.这位妇女在打扫富人的房子，她的孩子正睡在她的背上。

4．在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear...等使役动词或感官动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词

His sister was made to cry by his taking away her toy.他拿走了妹妹的玩具，把妹妹弄哭了。

二、易错点梳理

1．表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况 The man won a big prize，surprised and happy.他中了大奖，又惊喜又快乐。

句中surprised形式上是过去分词，但已转化为形容词，在句中作状语(或主语补足语)。2．在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题

Dressed in a white skirt，the girl looks like an angel.穿着白色裙子，这个女孩看上去像天使。

dressed是过去分词，但它没有被动的意思，而表示“穿着”这一主动意义。3．在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题

Looking tired and weak，the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.这位妇女看起来又累又虚弱，她应该请一天假去看医生。look在本题中为感官动词，感官动词在非谓语中用主动表被动。4．从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题

用逗号隔开的前后两部分的逻辑主语有时一致，有时不一致。逻辑主语不一致时，非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语，从而构成“分词的独立主格结构”。Seen from this angle，the mountain looks like a face of a man.从这个角度看，这座山看起来像一个人的脸。

Time permitting，I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.时间允许的话，明天下午我就和你一起去那里。

5．在“and/or/but＋句子”的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个选项表面上像非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。Study hard or you will fail in the exam.努力学习，否则你会考试不及格的。

1．Many natural disasters took place across the country，________ severe losses on people’s life and property.(2017·南通一模，28)A．to have brought

C．only to bring

答案 B 解析 句意为：很多自然灾害发生在全国各地，结果给人们的生命和财产带来了严重的损失。根据语境可知，设空处应为结果状语。only to do作结果状语时，表示出乎意料的结果，不符合本题语境；自然灾害的发生造成生命财产的损失是自然而然的结果，应用现在分词，故选B项。

2．“President Xi and Saudi Arabian King’s talks，” the spokesman continued，“ ________ to several hot issues，witness the friendship of the two countries.”(2017·华庚中学测试，31)A．refer

C．having referred

B．referring D．referred B．only bringing D．having brought 答案 B 解析 句意为：发言人继续说道，“习主席和沙特阿拉伯国王提及几个热点问题的会谈见证了两国的友谊。” 根据语境和句子结构可知，此处应是非谓语动词作定语修饰talks，talks与refer to...之间存在主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故选B项。

3．The Three-Body Problem has quickly become the best-selling Asian work of literature on Amazon.com，________ that China also has a successful science fiction scene.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考，29)A．proving

C．to be proved

答案 A 解析 句意为：《三体》迅速成为亚马逊网站上最畅销的亚洲文学作品，这证明中国也有成功的科幻小说。proving that...是现在分词短语作结果状语，其逻辑主语是前面的整个句子。故选A。

4．To the couple’s great surprise，the house was in a mess as if ________.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，23)A．breaking into

C．broken into

答案 C 解析 句意为：令这对夫妇非常吃惊的是，屋子里一片狼藉，仿佛被强行闯入过。分析句子成分可知，主语the house与break into之间为被动关系，即the house was in a mess as if(it was)broken into，故选C项。5．—What’s the matter with Tim? —Oh，Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally，never ________ again.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考，24)A．to find

C．finding

答案 B 解析 句意为：——Tim怎么了？——噢，他的手机不小心忘在出租车上，再也找不回来了。Tim’s cell phone和find之间是被动关系，且find的动作在谓语动词动作之后，故用动词不定式的一般被动式，故答案为B。

B．to be found D．being found B．having broken into D．being broken into B．to prove D．will prove 6．In a diverse society，one would expect ________ multiple interpretations of rights.(2017·启东中学月考，32)A．it being

C．there being

答案 D 解析 句意为：在一个多样化的社会，一个人总是期望对于权利有多种解释。此处考查的是expect一词的非谓语动词用法，即sb.expect sb.to do sth.以及其与there be句式的混合考法，即生成expect there to be的复合结构。故选D项。

7．The water was now two feet deep，making it difficult，if not impossible，________ the car out.(2017·南京九中模拟，22)A．getting

C．to get

答案 C 解析 句意为：水现在有两英尺深，即使有可能，也很难把汽车弄出来。动词不定式作真正的宾语，it是形式宾语，difficult是补足语，故答案为C。

8．Adapted versions of foreign shows have gained massive audiences，thus ________ more Chinese television groups to buy foreign materials.(2017·南京学情调研，28)A．to inspire

C．inspired

答案 B 解析 句意为：根据外国的节目改编的版本获得了大量的观众，从而激励更多的中国电视集团购买国外的素材。分析句子成分可知，逗号前面为主句，其后为非谓语动词作结果状语。结合句意以及thus可知空格处表示自然而然的结果，故选B项。

9．The white building，________ threats to pull it down，is now a private house in the possession of a retired professor.(2017·南通如皋联考，11)A．to survive

C．surviving

答案 D 解析 句意为：在险些被拆除后，那栋白色建筑现在是一位退休教授的私人房屋。根据句意可知，空格处为非谓语动词作时间状语。the white building与survive之间应为主动关系且

B．survived D．having survived B．inspiring D．having inspired B．got D．get B．it to be D．there to be survive先于句子谓语动作发生，故用现在分词的完成式作状语，相当于after引导的时间状语从句，故选D项。

10．Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the government，the rest ________ from the coming charity concerts.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，31)A．to be collected

C．being collected

答案 A 解析 句意为：大多数重建那个遭受地震破坏的城镇的钱已由政府募集，余下的将来自即将到来的慈善音乐会的募捐。根据句子结构可知，逗号后不能构成句子，应用独立主格结构。the rest与collect之间存在被动关系；根据the coming charity concerts可知，余下的钱将通过音乐会被募捐，应用动词不定式的被动结构，故选A项。

11．Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices ________ in the world.(2017·镇江期末，28)A．heard

C．hearing

答案 A 解析 句意为：女性值得被有尊严地对待，她们应该让她们的呼声被世界听到。根据句子结构可知，空格处为宾补，make后常用不带to的不定式作宾补，排除D项；宾语voices与hear之间为被动关系，应用过去分词heard，故选A项。

12．A wise mother will never get herself into the state of her children ________ to the slightest possibility of danger.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试，26)A．exposed

C．being exposed

答案 C 解析 句意为：明智的母亲决不会让她的孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。介词of后跟动名词作宾语，her children是动名词的逻辑主语，且her children和expose之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式，所以正确答案为C。

13．Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation，________ heart rate and oxygen consumption.(2017·南京三模，25)

B．exposing D．to be exposed B．having heard D．to be heard

B．having been collected D．to have been collected A．increasing

C．having increased

答案 A

B．to increase D．being increased 解析 句意为：笑会使心脏功能和血液循环产生短期的变化，增加心率和氧气的消耗。根据语境和句子结构可知，设空处应是非谓语动词作结果状语，increase带有宾语，为主动形式，此处应用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，故选A项。

14．—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?

—It implies that drug users find themselves ________ in a prison from which they cannot escape.(2017·苏州调研，28)A．to be trapped

C．trapped

答案 C 解析 句意为：——你能告诉我《加州旅馆》这首歌中的“你随时可以退房，但你永远无法离去”这句歌词是什么意思吗？——它暗示了吸毒者发现他们自己被困在了一个他们无法逃脱的监狱里。分析句子成分可知，themselves与trap之间为被动关系，故选C项。15．—Sharon，why is the man so upset now? —His wallet，mobile phone and ID card ________，the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模，27)A．was stolen

C．being stolen

答案 B 解析 句意为：——Sharon，为什么那个人现在那么沮丧？——他的钱包、手机和身份证都被偷了，警察正在调查而且要把他送到社会救助站。根据句子结构可知，设空处所在部分为独立主格结构，his wallet，mobile phone and ID card与steal之间存在被动关系。being stolen表示正在被偷，与题意不符，应该是已经被偷了，故选B项。

16．________ a record-breaking seven Golden Globes，the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.(2017·南京、盐城二模，33)A．Winning

C．Having won

B．Won D．To win B．stolen D．having stolen B．having trapped D．trapping 答案 C 解析 句意为：在获得了破纪录的七个金球奖之后，音乐剧《爱乐之城》却出人意料地没有吸引中国的观众。根据句子结构可知，此处表示的动作先于句子谓语动作发生，即赢得奖项在先，不吸引中国观众在后。having won为现在分词的完成式，此处作时间状语，表示动作先于谓语动作发生，故选C项。

17．—What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director? —________ quite a lot of time with other people.(2017·苏北六市联考，29)A．Spending

C．To spend

答案 A 解析 句意为：——Nicky作为公共关系总监要做什么事呢？——花很多时间和别人在一起。第二个说话人针对问题中的what进行回答，空格处应用动名词短语，故选A项。

18．________ on the cyberspace issue in a speech at a welcoming dinner in Seattle，Xi Jinping called on all countries to cooperate and draw up Internet policies corresponding with their national conditions.(2016·苏州一模，26)A．Touched

C．Touch

答案 B 解析 句意为：在西雅图的欢迎宴会的讲话中习近平谈及网络空间的问题时，他号召所有国家合作制定与国情相符的网络政策。句子主语Xi Jinping与touch on(谈及，涉及)之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。

19．There are always some obstacles in the way，something ________ before we realize the real goal of education.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模，26)A．to be got through B．got through C．getting through D．having been got through 答案 A 解析 句意为：总有一些障碍在挡路，一些我们实现真正的教育目标前需要克服的东西。根据句子结构可知，这里需要非谓语动词作定语修饰something，get through意为“克服”，B．Touching D．To touch B．Having spent D．To have spent something与get through间为被动关系；根据句意可知，“实现真正的教育目标”是将来的事，因此“需要克服的东西”也在将来，故选A。

20．—A new bridge is reported ________ across the river in your hometown.—Yes，and it brings us great convenience.A．to be building

C．to have built

答案 D 解析 句意为：——据报道一座新桥已经被建造在你家乡的那条河上。——是的，它给我们带来很大的便利。根据答句的时态可知，桥已经被建造好，故设空处应用完成式，又因为bridge与build之间是动宾关系，故应用动词不定式的完成被动式。故选D项。

B．to be built D．to have been built

第二篇：2012年高考英语《非谓语动词(一)》教案

《非谓语动词

（一）》教案

一、教学目标

1、非谓语动词的常见考点；

2、如何解非谓语动词的题目；

3、非谓语动词的句法功能；

4、非谓语动词的形式。

二、教学重难点

1、教学重点：非谓语动词的常见考点；如何解非谓语动词的题目。

2、教学难点：非谓语动词的常见考点。

三、教学过程

（一）问题排行榜（Hit the charts）

1、非谓语动词的常见考点都有哪些？

2、如何解非谓语动词的题目？

3、非谓语动词各有哪些句法功能？

4、非谓语动词各有哪些形式？

（二）攻克难点（Overcome difficulties）

1、非谓语动词各有哪些形式？

2、非谓语动词各有哪些句法功能？

3、非谓语动词的常见考点都有哪些？ 动词不定式

一、动词不定式作主语

不定式短语作主语时，如果主语较长，往往在句首用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)移到谓语动词之后，形成“it＋谓语＋(作主语的)不定式”结构，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。

It is my honor ________here to spend some time with you.A．to be invited B．inviting C．being invited D．to invite

二、动词不定式作表语

动词不定式可作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。

The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，________it more difficult.A．not making B．not make C．not to make D．to not make

三、动词不定式作宾语

英语中有一部分动词常跟不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：agree同意；fail未能；promise保证；afford承担得起；forget忘记；refuse拒绝；happen碰巧；attempt试图；hesitate犹豫；seek试图；determine决定；prepare准备；pretend假装等。

There were many talented actors out there just waiting________.A．to discover B．to be discovered C．discovered D．being discovered

四、动词不定式作宾补

1．有些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：advise劝告；force迫使；instruct指示；ask要求；intend打算要；

beg请求；expect期望；invite邀请；forbid禁止；remind提醒；urge激励；order命令；permit允许；teach劝诫；wish希望；persuade说服。动词短语有：call on，count on，rely on，depend on，long for，wait for等。

We can't count on a man like Jim ________us the necessary help.A．to give B．giving C．to be given D．given 2．在think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，declare，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常跟“to be＋形容词(也可以是名词或反身代词)”结构，但在主动语态中to be常可以省去。

We sometimes imagine a desert island ________a sort of paradise，where the sun always shines.A．be B．being C．不填 D．is 3．有些动词，主要是感官动词和使役动词，它们可后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被动语态的句子中，就要用带to的不定式作主语补足语。My parents have always made me ________about myself，even when I was twelve.A．feeling well B．feeling good C．feel well D．feel good

五、动词不定式作定语

1．不定式用在the first，the second，the last，the only等短语后面作定语。

His first book ________next month is based on a true story.A．published B．to be published C．to publish D．being published 2．不定式常放在某些名词或代词后面作定语。不定式作定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系。

The next train to arrive was from New York.(主谓关系)It was a game to be remembered.(动宾关系)(2011年高考湖南卷)The ability________an idea is as important as the idea itself.A．expressing B．expressed

C．to express D．to be expressed

六、动词不定式作状语

1．不定式作原因状语。不定式也可跟在某些形容词或动词后面作原因状语。We were astonished ________the temple still in its original condition.A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found 2．不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。为了加强语气，也可用“so as to do”或“in order to do”结构作目的状语。in order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾，so as to较少置于句首。With Father's Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank ________presents for my dad.A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．to have bought 3．不定式作结果状语。具体形式如下：

“too＋adj.＋adv.＋to do”意为“太„„而不能”，“adj.＋adv.＋enough＋to do”意为“足以„„”，“only/just to do”表示出乎意料的结果。Do you think you are brave enough ________bungee jumping? A．trying B．in trying C．to try D．and try

七、“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构

疑问词“what/how/when/where/which＋动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语、宾语等。

As a journalist you should first decide what events ________before you make some interviews.A．reported B．to report C．to be reported D．reporting 动名词

动名词主要起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语以及定语，不能作状语，有各种形式的变化。

一、动名词作主语

动名词可直接放在句首作主语。在一些句子中，常用it作形式主语，而把能用作真正主语的动名词放在后面。it is后可接no use，no good等名词，也可接useless，nice等形容词。

In my mind，________that famous university will be the only way to become a world class writer.A．attending B．attended C．attend D．having attended

二、动名词作宾语

1．有些动词(短语)后面要求跟动名词作宾语。

常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词有：admit承认；excuse原谅；postpone拖延；practice练习；consider考虑；delay耽搁；imagine想像；deny否认；suggest建议；enjoy喜欢；escape逃避；permit允许等。

常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有：can't help，feel like，leave off，put off，keep on，give up，look forward to，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth等。

The man denied ________anything in the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.A．to have stolen B．having been stealing C．having stolen D．to steal 2．在have difficulty(trouble，problem，a hard time，fun，a good time)(in)＋动名词；be busy(in)＋动名词；waste time(in)＋动名词；lose time(in)＋动名词；there is no point(in)＋动名词等结构中，动名词作介词in的宾语，in常省去。

I had great difficulty ________the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 3．下列动词后既可接不定式，也可接动名词，但含义不同： forget to do sth.forget doing sth.mean to do sth.mean doing sth.—Robert is indeed a wise man.—Oh，yes.How often I have regretted ________his advice!A．to take B．taking C．not to take D．not taking

过去分词与现在分词

现在分词在句中可用作表语、定语、状语等。

过去分词在句中作定语、状语以及表语，不能作谓语。1．分词作表语

现在分词作表语常常表示主语所具有的特质或特征，过去分词作表语多表示主语处于某种状态。通常情况下现在分词译为“令人„„的”，过去分词译为“某人感到„„”。

In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ____ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A．sticking B．stuck C．to be stuck D．to have stuck 2．分词作定语

(1)现在分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句。

I'm calling to enquire about the position ________in yesterday's China Daily.A．advertised B．to be advertised C．advertising D．having advertised(2)分词作后置定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后)和非限制性(用逗号将其与所修饰的中心词分开)两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

So far nobody has claimed the money ________in the library.A．discovered B．to be discovered C．discovering D．having discovered 3．分词作宾语补足语

常跟分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等。

(2011年高考浙江卷)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A．lose B．lost C．to lose D．having lost 4．分词作状语

分词可作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语以及结果状语等。

The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ________for a meal to be cooked.A．laid B．laying C．to lay D．being laid [考点透析] 独立主格结构和with结构在近几年的高考中都有所体现，主要考查其在句中充当时间、条件或在句尾作方式、伴随状语，今后的高考中仍会考查此结构。

The guests having left，he began to take a short rest.(独立主格结构表时间)Weather permitting，we'll go sightseeing.(独立主格结构表条件)All things considered，her paper is of greater value than yours.(独立主格结构表条件)[误区警示] ①一种习惯用法是：在“名词/代词＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词/代词和介词后面的名词没有任何冠词或所有格修饰，也不用with引导。

Last night I followed him here and climbed in，sword in hand.②独立主格结构也可以由“with＋名词/代词＋不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语/分词”构成。

With the machine to do all the work，we will finish our task on time.He stared at her，with his mouth open.With his parents away，the boy became naughtier.He stood at the window，with his hands in his pockets.（三）方法列举（List methods）如何解非谓语动词的题目？

1、判定题目是否考察非谓语

2、非谓语动词题目三步走：

（1）非谓语所在分句中没有主语出现，但是非谓语动作需要有逻辑上的依靠，即是逻辑主语。逻辑主语通常是句子主语。

（2）考察：非谓语动作与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。（两种情况）（3）考察：非谓语动作与谓语动作之间在时间顺序的先后关系。（三种情况）

（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）

1.He walked down the hills, ____ softly to himself.A.sing

B.sings

C.singing A.sing D.was singing 2.He walked down the hills, and ____ softly to himself.B.sings D.was singing C.singing 3.Stop running and you will feel your heart _____ faster than ever.A.beat B.beating C.beaten D.was beating 4.Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight ____ off her mind.A.taking B.taken C.take

（五）小结

（六）课后作业

1、复习一遍课堂摘记。

2、完成课堂尚未完成的练习。

3、复习非谓语动词的常见考点。

D.to be taken 8

第三篇：2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识：第4讲动词与动词短语

第4讲 动词与动词短语

1．Working with the medical team in Africa has_____ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江苏，25)A．held out

C．picked out 答案 B 解析 句意为：在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出，坚持；bring out使显现，使表现出；pick out挑选出，辨认出；give out分发，发出。2．A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江苏，30)A．shape

C．stretch

答案 A 解析 句意为：到了年底，快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败，这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响(某事物的发展)，符合语境。switch转换，转变；stretch变大，拉长；sharpen使变锋利，使增强。

3．Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________，get married，and have kids.(2017·天津，5)A．settle down

C．get up

答案 A 解析 句意为：布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down)，结婚成家，生儿育女。keep off使避开，不接近；get up起床，站起来；cut in插嘴，打断别人说话。

4．He did not ________ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江苏，25)A．approach

C．compromise

答案 C 解析 句意为：他不轻易妥协，但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协，符合句意。

5．Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏，30)

B．wrestle D．communicate B．keep off D．cut in B．switch D．sharpen B．brought out D．given out A．fallen off

C．turned off

答案 B

B．taken off D．left off 解析 句意为：由于良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。take off成功，起飞，符合句意。fall off跌落，下降；turn off关掉；leave off停止(做)某事，戒掉，均不符合题意。6．Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江苏，33)A．gain admission to

C．take advantage of

答案 C 解析 句意为：父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用，符合句意。gain admission to获准进入；keep track of与……保持联系；give rise to引起，导致，均不符合题意。

7．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than ________ us.(2016·浙江，8)A．divide

C．control

答案 A 解析 句意为：当我们学会求同存异，而非对立分歧时，我们会收获颇多。divide分开；reject拒绝；control控制；abandon放弃，抛弃。根据句意可知选A。

8．When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt ________ from the world.(2016·浙江，12)A．carried away

C．cut off

答案 C 解析 句意为：当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人们感觉与外界隔离了。carry away带走，夺走；break down抛锚，垮掉；cut off切断，隔离；bring up抚养，提出。根据句意可知选C。

9．When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest.(2016·浙江，14)A．limited

C．reflected

答案 C 解析 句意为：当最后决定选一门课程时，我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。reflect反映，B．reserved D．spoiled B．broken down D．brought up B．reject D．abandon B．keep track of D．give rise to 体现，符合语境。limit限制；reserve预订，保留；spoil毁掉，溺爱。

10．Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津，8)A．gave voice to

C．turned a deaf ear to

答案 A 解析 句意为：玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默，但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voice to意为“表达对……的想法”，符合语境。keep an eye on照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to对……充耳不闻；set foot on进入，参观。

11．I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to ________ a conversation with her.(2016·天津，14)A．carry on

C．turn down

答案 A 解析 句意为：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话。carry on意为“进行，继续”，符合语境。break into打断，闯入；turn down调低，拒绝；cut off停止，中断。

12．Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江苏，22)A．accelerate

C．perform

答案 D 解析 句意为：学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速；improve改善；perform执行；develop发展。

13．The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015·江苏，27)A．apply to

C．appeal to

答案 B 解析 句意为：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to 适用于，申请；cater for 迎合，满足所需；appeal to 呼吁，上诉；hunt for 搜寻。

14．The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.(2015·江苏，29)A．wait on

C．count on

B．focus on D．call on B．cater for D．hunt for B．improve D．develop B．break into D．cut off B．kept an eye on D．set foot on 答案 C 解析 句意为：整个球队依靠克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，而他很少让他们失望。wait on 服侍，等待；focus on 集中于，关注；count on依靠，指望；call on 拜访，号召，呼吁。15．Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江，5)A．produce

C．process

答案 C 解析 句意为：研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工，处理，符合语境。produce生产，制作，创作；pronounce发音；download下载。

16．If steel is heavier than water，why are ships able to ________ on the sea？(2015·浙江，16)A．float

C．shrink

答案 A 解析 句意为：如果钢铁比水重的话，那为什么轮船能够浮在海面上？float漂浮，符合语境。drown淹没，(使)溺死；shrink(使)收缩，(使)缩小；split(使)裂开，(使)破裂。17．If you come to visit China，you will________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.(2015·安徽，22)A．develop

C．substitute

答案 D 解析 句意为：如果你来访问中国，你将体验到有着惊人的深度和多元化的文化。develop开发；create创造；substitute替代；experience经历，体验。

18．The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015·湖北，23)A．face

C．raise

答案 D 解析 句意为：这个团队正在努力分析这个问题，以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知，在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face面对；prevent阻止；raise提高。

19．In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北，24)A．whisper

C．declare

B．signal D．complain B．prevent D．analyze B．create D．experience B．drown D．split B．pronounce D．download 答案 B 解析 句意为：为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知，她只是竖起手指示意，并没有出声。signal意为“示意”，所以答案选B项。whisper低语；declare宣布；complain抱怨。

20．If you have any doubts about your health，you’d better________ your doctor at once.(2015·天津，11)A．convince

C．avoid

答案 B 解析 句意为：如果你对自己的健康状况有所怀疑的话，你最好马上咨询医生。consult请教，咨询，找(医生)诊治，符合语境。convince使相信，使明白；avoid避免；affect影响。

B．consult D．affect

1．有些动词，如feel，look，taste等，既可用作系动词，又可用作实义动词，怎么判断呢？系动词常跟形容词作表语；实义动词则常用副词作状语；系动词一般不用进行时，但在表示语意客气、生动、亲切时，可用进行时。The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.这种新研制的饮料尝起来挺独特的。(系动词)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.厨师正在仔细地品尝这条鱼。(实义动词)2．run out/run out of的区别：run out是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，主语通常是表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词；run out of是及物动词短语，相当于use up，主语通常为人。My money ran out.我的钱花完了。I ran out of my money.我把钱花完了。

3．具体语境中对动词“熟词生义”的考查。如下列单词的“熟词生义”：

ache渴望；address在……上写地址；appreciate理解，意识到；count有价值；cover足以支付；develop逐渐形成；draw推断出；escape被忘掉；fail使失望，衰退；invite招致；observe遵守，庆祝；push督促；promise预示；part分手，放弃；read写着；relate讲述；say假设；walk遛等。

4．常见的基础词汇如get，take，put，break，look，call等构成的短语一直是高考考查的重点。如：If the new safety system had been put to use，the accident would never have happened.句中put...to use是固定搭配，意为“利用/使用……”。As their children lived far away from them，these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的cut off意为“隔绝，隔离”。

1．Roger trained hard for the tournament for months，but unfortunately he had to ________ due to a knee injury.(2017·苏北六市联考，32)A．pull out

C．try out

答案 A 解析 句意为：Roger为了这次锦标赛艰苦训练了好几个月，但不幸的是，由于膝伤，他不得不退出。work out计算出，锻炼；try out试验，选拔；give out散发，分发，用完。pull out退出，(使)离开，符合语境，故选A项。

2．If you want to go further in the new sport，the best way is to ________ and practise more frequently.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，22)A．dive in C．catch on

答案 A 解析 句意为：如果你想在这项新的运动上走得更远，最好的方法就是热切地投入和更加频繁地练习。dive in热切地加入，符合句意。drop out退出，辍学；catch on流行起来；spring up突然出现。故选A项。

3．If you manage to survive the crisis，think about how it will help you ________ new challenges.(2017·镇江期末，30)A．give up

C．hold up

答案 B 解析 句意为：如果你设法在危机中幸存下来，思考一下它将如何帮助你接受新的挑战。take up接受，拿起，举起，占据(空间或时间)，开始从事，符合句意。give up放弃；hold up举起，支撑，耽搁，延误；put up举起，升起，设立，建造，提供住宿，张贴，悬挂。故选B项。4．You wouldn’t normally ________ these two writers；their styles are completely different.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试，27)A．distinguish

C．adjust

答案 B 解析 句意为：你通常不会把这两位作家联系在一起，他们的风格完全不同。associate把……联系在一起，使有关系，符合题意。distinguish区别，区分；adjust调整，校准；divorce离婚，使分离。

B．associate D．divorce B．take up D．put up B．drop out D．spring up B．work out D．give out 5．Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one’s loneliness，but living alone ________ me，for I can play music as loud as I want.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试，30)A．caters to

C．appeals to

答案 C 解析 句意为：和某人共享一个公寓有助于缓解孤独感，但独居对我更有吸引力，因为我可以将音乐播放到我想要的那样响。appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力，符合句意。cater to款待，为……服务；refer to参考，指的是；respond to响应，回应。

6．As its economy is maturing，China’s ________ a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.(2017·南京三模，30)A．defining

C．guaranteeing

答案 B 解析 句意为：随着经济的成熟，在像气候和发展那样的重要问题上中国正在承担更大的作用。define定义，使明确；guarantee保证，担保；assure保证，确保。均不符合语境。assume承担，呈现，假定，认为，assume a greater role承担更大的作用，符合题意，故选B项。7．The recently released film Kong：Skull Island successfully ________ the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.(2017·南京三模，35)A．transports

C．transforms

答案 A 解析 句意为：最近上映的电影《金刚·骷髅岛》成功地用杜比三维立体技术把观众带入了这次冒险经历中。adjust调节，适应；transform使改观，使变形；relate联系，均不符合语境。transport在此处表示“使产生身临其境的感觉”，符合语境，故选A项。

8．In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app，students can ________ a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，29)A．reveal

C．preview

答案 C 解析 句意为：在用虚拟现实应用程序创设的虚拟实验室环境中，学生们可以在真正的实验室实验之前预先进行某个特定的实验。根据before doing them in a real lab可知，此处指预先进行实验，preview预展，预演，符合语境。故选C项。

9．The Palace of Versailles，France’s national treasure，has ________ many changes in its century-long history while keeping its beauty.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，23)

B．reserve D．provide B．adjusts D．relates B．assuming D．assuring B．refers to D．responds to A．gone through

C．led to

答案 A

B．taken on D．showed off 解析 句意为：凡尔赛宫，法国的国宝，在它一个世纪的历史中，经历了许多变化却依然美丽。take on呈现，接纳；lead to导致；show off炫耀。go through经历，经受，此处注意动宾搭配，go through changes经历变化，符合语境，故选A项。

10．Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition，publications on classical Chinese literature are ________ a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，31)A．taking up

C．breaking up

答案 A 解析 句意为：得益于《中国诗词大会》节目的播出，有关中国经典文学的出版物占据了书店存储空间的重要位置。take up占据；divide up分割；break up解散；put up提出。根据句意可知，答案为A。

11．Friendship does not merely ________ a sharing of activities；it is a sharing of self on a very personal level.(2017·苏州调研，23)A．involve

C．associate

答案 A 解析 句意为：友谊并不仅仅包含一起参加活动；它还是一种从非常个人的角度对自我的分享。involve包含，需要，使成为必然部分(或结果)，符合句意。request要求，请求；associate联系，联想；deliver递送，运送，发表(讲话)，接生。

12．I think the experiment supports my theory，but I need to ________ the results a couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.(2017·苏州调研，27)A．get over

C．hand over

答案 D 解析 句意为：我认为这个实验支持我的理论，但是我需要仔细检查几次结果以确保在收集数据的时候没有犯错。go over仔细检查，温习，复习，符合句意。get over克服，战胜，恢复；take over接收，接管，控制；hand over交给，递给，移交。13．—I regret to tell you that the council did not ________ our plan.—Oh，what a shame！(2017·南京、盐城一模，29)A．smile on

C．see through

B．concentrate on D．live through B．take over D．go over B．request D．deliver B．dividing up D．putting up 答案 A 解析 句意为：——我遗憾地告诉你委员会不赞同我们的计划。——哦，真可惜！smile on对……加以称赞，对……青睐，符合句意。concentrate on专心于……，集中精力在……上；see through看穿，识破；live through经历过，经受住，经历……而幸存。

14．The computer program of the 1970s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers.(2017·南通一模，31)A．discriminate

C．negotiate

答案 A 解析 句意为：20世纪70年代的电脑程序无法区分字母和数字。discriminate歧视，区别，辨别；conclude断定，结束；negotiate协商，谈判；compensate弥补，补偿。discriminate between letters and numbers区分字母和数字，符合题意，故选A项。15．—He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.—Yes，but he didn’t ________.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模，25)A．make his way

C．give his way

答案 B 解析 句意为：——他本可以对我们施加压力来采纳他的提议。——是的，但是他并没有为所欲为。make one’s way前进，行进；get one’s way随心所欲，为所欲为；没有give one’s way这种形式，只有give way to “给……让路，被……所取代”；feel one’s way摸索着前进。根据句意选B项。

16．A recent research shows smoking and drinking ________ with your body’s ability to process oxygen，thus greatly affecting your health.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模，27)A．identify

C．combine

答案 D 解析 句意为：最近一项研究显示，吸烟和饮酒影响你身体吸收氧气的能力，从而极大地影响你的健康。identify确定；correspond对应；combine结合；interfere干扰。故选D。17．AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has ________ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模，29)A．given off B．worked out C．set off D．put out 答案 C 解析 句意为：人工智能机器人阿尔法围棋以4：1打败围棋大师李世石引发了一场关于机器人是否将完全取代人类的国际争论。give off发出；work out算出；set off动身，引起；put out

B．correspond D．interfere B．get his way D．feel his way B．conclude D．compensate 熄灭。故选C。

18．In time of anger，do yourself a favor by ________ it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模，25)A．releasing

C．refreshing

答案 A 解析 句意为：在气愤时心疼一下自己，找个僻静处散散心，宣泄宣泄，不要让那些无名之火伤到自己。release释放；recover恢复，再生；refresh恢复精神；recycle回收利用。19．You are not ________ to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.A．accustomed

C．entitled

答案 C 解析 句意为：如果你从来没有工作过的话，就没有资格享受失业救济金。accustom使习惯；resign辞职；submit屈服，投降。entitle使符合资格，entitle sb.to sth.使某人有……的资格或权利，符合语境，故选C项。

20．By applying the theory to the problem，we can brush away the details and ________ simple patterns.A．release

C．reveal

答案 C 解析 句意为：通过把这个理论应用于这个问题，我们能够去除细节，使简单的模式显现出来。release释放，发布；reject拒绝，排斥；replace代替。reveal显示，揭示，符合题意，故选C项。

B．reject D．replace B．resigned D．submitted B．recovering D．recycling

第四篇：英语非谓语动词

主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 表语predicative 定语attributive 状语adverbial adjunct 补足语complement 同位语appositive

英语非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：

doing , done , to do , doing。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：

现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式）;having done（完成式）;having been do ne（完成被动式）

不定式

to do : 有to be done（被动式）;to have done（完成式）;to be doing（进行式）

动名词

doing : 有having done（完成式）;being done（被动式）;

非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解： 一．

动词不定式

先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign language is difficult.2． His wish is to be a driver.3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises.5．I have nothing to say.6．They went to see their aunt.7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next.9．I heard them make a noise.说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：

1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

2． 带to 还是不带to

I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom.（但是： He was seen to enter the classroom.）

3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of.It’s necessary for you to study hard.It’s foolish of him to do it.与of 连用的形容词有：

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important.而说We think it important to obey the laws.5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系：

He has a lot of meeting to attend.Please lend me something to write with.He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in.He has no money and no place to live(in).I think the best way to travel(by)is on foot.There is no time to think(about).2）主谓关系：

She is always the last(person)to speak at the meeting.----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(逻辑主语是I)-------Thank you.But I have no letters to be posted now

(逻辑主语不是I)7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1）原因

He is lucky to get here on time.这种结构中常用的形容词有：

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious.lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2)目的

He came to help me with my maths.3)结果

I hurried to get there only to find him out.The book is too hard for the boy to read.He is old enough to go to school.8.不定式作补足语

I saw him play in the street just now.能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：

He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词

Learning English is very difficult.学英语非常困难。

His job is driving a bus.他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing.我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country.我已经习惯了住农村。

Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep.吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。注意以下几种结构：

1．There’s no telling what will happen.=It’s impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.2．It’s no use talking with him.It’s no good speaking to them like that.3．There’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：

1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事 remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do …

有意要做某事 mean doing …

意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …

尽力去做某事 try doing

试着做某事 learn to do …

学着去做某事 learn doing …

学会做某事

stop to do …

停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing …

停止做某事 go on to do …

接着做（另外一件事）go on doing … 继续做某事 used to do …

过去做某事 be used to doing …习惯做某事

2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达

n+ for doing 的含义

现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who)be doing的含义 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词

又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 动名词的逻辑主语：

动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：His coming made us very happy.4．动名词的语态和时态

5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：

need doing , want doing , require doing

例如： This room needs painting.这个房间需要粉刷。6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：

admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit.practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分词 The story is interesting.I’m interested in it.这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。2.This is a moving film.这是一部动人的电影。

3.The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president.秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。4.Given more time , I’ll do it well.如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。

When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。应注意的几个问题：

1．现在分词与过去分词的区别

Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging.They got very excited.1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： The news is interesting.He is interested in he news t.doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。2）表语与被动式的区别：

The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.（强调动作）

The blackboard is broken.You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）3）常作表语的过去分词：

amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done

3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别

The situation in our country is encouraging.(表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby.(动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging.What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby.4．注意的四种结构：

have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做

have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着 5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词： seat , prepare , hide , dress

如：I seated myself on the chair.I was seated on the chair.6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：

分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。Having finished the homework , I went home.（时间）Being a Party member , I should work hard.（原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better.（条件）He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy.（伴随）

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder.(目的)He is old enough to join the army.（结果）7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别

a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking

something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别： I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting.(将来)The building being built on the river is the Science Museum.（正在进行）The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions.（过去）9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：

分词与句子主语的逻辑关系

Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(错误)Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.（正确）

Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系 练习

I.单项选择

1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting

2.______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A.Having being told B.Though had been told C.He was told D.Having told

3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.testing C.to rest D.rest 4.The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying

5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult.A.to make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6.The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 7.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.----Well , now I regret ____________that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 9._______ a reply , he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard

Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying II.用动词的正确形式填空

1.Little Tom should love ________(take)to the theatre this evening.2.Paul doesn’t have to be made _______(learn).He always works hard.3.The computer centre , ______(open)last year , is very popular among the students in this school.4.Go on _____(do)the other exercise after you have finished this one.5.How about two of us ______(take)a walk down the garden.答案： I 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D II 1.to be taken;2.to learn;3.opened;4.to do;5.taking

非谓语动词练习: 1.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had time

B.having time

C.to have time

D.to having time 2.Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit

B.admitted

C.admitting

D.to admit 3.In order to gain a bigger share in the International market, many state-run companies are striving _________ their products more competitive.A.to make

B.making

C.to have made

D.having made 4.When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed

B.completing

C.being completed

D.to be completed 5.Having a trip abroad a certain good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see

B.to be seen

C.seeing

D.seen 6.The manager, ________ his factory products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.A.knowing

B.known

C.to know

D.being known 7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeing

B.having seen

C.to have seen

D.to see 8.The discovery of new evidence led to ______.A.the thief having caught

B.catch the thief

C.the thief being caught

D.the thief to be caught 9.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket a passenger.A.put

B.to be putting

C.to put

D.putting 10.Victor apologized for _______ to inform me the change in the plan.A.his being not able

B.him not to be able

C.his not being able

D.him to be not able 11.Suddenly, a tall man _________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared

B.seized;disappeared

C.seizing;disappearing

D.seized;disappearing 12._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait

B.Have waited

C.Having waited

D.To have waited 13.Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A.run

B.running

C.being run

D.to run 14.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causing

B.being caused

C.to be caused

D.to have caused 15.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty nature.A.to smell

B.smelling

C.smelt

D.to be smelt 16.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it---you have got some big bills coming.A.forget

B.forgot

C.forgetting

D.to forget 17.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film star had already left.A.to tell

B.to be told

C.telling

D.told 18.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.A.pass

B.to pass

C.passed

D.passing 19.You were silly not ________ your car.A.to lock

B.to have locked

C.locking

D.having locked 20.________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.A.Compare

B.When comparing

C.Comparing

D.When compared 21.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to his boss for advice.A.To face

B.Having faced

C.Faced

D.Facing 22.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused

B.to have caused

C.to cause

D.having caused 23.Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.A.doctors came to their rescue

B.the tall building collapsed

C.an emergency measure was taken

D.warnings were given to the tourists 24.-----English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

-----Yes, ________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to communicate and read.A.Know

B.Knowing

C.To know

D.Known 25.While watching TV, ________.A.the doorbell rang

B.the doorbell rings

C.we heard the doorbell ring

D.we heard the doorbell rings 26.It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview.________ the answer ready will be of great help.A.To have had

B.Having had

C.Have

D.Having 27.I couldn’t do my home work with all that noise _________.A.going on

B.goes on

C.went on

D.to go on 28.I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound

B.to be sounded

C.sounding

D.to have sounded 29.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch.A.sitting

B.having sat

C.to sit

D.sat 30.I really can’t understand _________ her like that.A.you treat

B.you to treat

C.why treat

D.your treating 31.The bank is reported in the local newspaper__________ in broad daylight yesterday.A.being robbed

B.having been robbed

C.to have been robbed

D.robbed 32.________ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.A.To grow

B.Growing

C.Grown

D.Grow 33.If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.being completed

B.is completed

C.to be completed

D.completed 34.Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________ went wrong again.A.it repaired

B.to be repaired

C.repair

D.repaired 35.No one had told Smith about __________ a lecture the following day.A.there being

B.there be

C.there would be

D.there was 36.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is , than ______ a room with someone else.A.share

B.to share

C.sharing

D.to have shared 37.Taking this kind of medicine, if ________, will surely produce side effect.A.continue

B having continued

C.continuing

D.continued 38._______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A.The girl was educated

B.The girl educated

C.The girl’s educating

D.The girl’s being educated 39._________ hardly made Allan pay any attention to _________ his mistakes.A.Scolding;correcting

B.Being scolded;correct

C.Being scolded;correcting

D.Having been scolded;correct 40.Joe stopped eating chocolate, and he went back ___________ again.A.to smoking

B.to smoke

C.smoking

D.smoke 41.A Brazilian mask maker has finished two models of mask of Iraqi ex-president Saddam Hussein, one of him in power and one of him when _________ by US soldiers.A.caught

B.catching

C.to be caught

D.to catch 42.-----What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?

-----I lost my way in complete darkness and, __________ things worse, it began to pour.A.making

B.to make

C.having made

D.made 43.------Did you forget to mention my name or fear something when you applied for an instructor?

------I meant ________, but they ________ favorites of the people in the power.A.to have mentioned;were

B.to have;are

C.mentioning;have been

D.to have been mentioned;had been 44.With no rain for three months and food supplies __________ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.A.run

B.running

C.to run

D.to be run 45.________ his age, he did it quite well, so don’t _______ him any more.A.Given;blame

B.Considered;say

C.To regard;scold

D.Considering;speak 46.The two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets______ orbiting other stars.A.have been found

B.have found

C.to be found

D.found 47.The bird flu _______ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, _______ 16.A.sweeps;killed

B.swept;killing

C.sweeping;to kill

D.sweeping;killing 48.The speech which he made ________ the football match bored a lot of fans to death.A.being concerned

B.be concerned

C.concerned

D.concerning 49.Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A.no to want anyone

B.wanted no one

C.not wanting anyone

D.to want no one 50.A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 people.A.having been injured

B.having injured

C.injuring

D.injured 51.-----What’s matter with Tim?

------Oh.Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ again.A.to find

B.to be found

C.finding

D.being found 52.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but our work _______, we refused the offer.A.not finishing

B.had not been finished

C.not having finished

D.not being finished 53.Though ___________ nature resources, the area is well developed.A.lacked

B.lacking of

C.lacking

D.lacked in 54.What worried me most was ________to go abroad alone.A.my not allowing

B.having not allowed

C.my being not allowed

D.my not being allowed 55.My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _______ the filled bottles in boxes.A.to put

B.putting

C.having put

D.being put

Answer: 1-5 BAAAB

6-10 ADCDC

11-15 DCBCB

16-20 ABDBD

21-25CDBAC

26-30 DAADD

31-35CBCDA

36-40 ADDAA

41-45ABBBA

46-50DDDCC 51-55 BDCDA

第五篇：2012年高考英语《非谓语动词(二)》教案

《非谓语动词

（二）》教案

一、教学目标

1、非谓语动词的重点考点；

2、非谓语动词的易错考点。

二、教学重难点

1、教学重点：非谓语动词的重点考点；

2、教学难点：非谓语动词的易错考点。

三、教学过程

（一）问题排行榜（Hit the charts）

1、非谓语动词的重点考点都有哪些？

2、非谓语动词都有哪些易错考点？

（二）攻克难点（Overcome difficulties）

1、非谓语动词的重点考点都有哪些？

高考考点聚焦： 1.非谓语动词做状语 2.非谓语动词做定语

考点一.非谓语动词的逻辑主语

______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.(2011·辽宁卷30)A.Gather B.To gather C.Gathering D.To be gathering 1.It's ＋ adj.＋ for / of sb.to do sth.句型中的不定式的逻辑主语

为“sb.”。

2.非谓语动词作状语时，他们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。当非谓语动词的动作由句子主语发出时，非谓语动词用主动形式；当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受时，用过去分词或不定式、动词的­ing形式的被动形式。3.“代词主格或名词的普通格 ＋ 非谓语动词”构成独立主格结构。非谓语动词的逻辑主语为代词或名词。

4．动名词复合结构由“物主代词或名词所有格＋动名词”构成独立主格结构。这种结构既可用作主语，也可用作宾语，但作宾语时，还可用代词宾格或名词普通格＋动名词结构。

5．不定式的复合结构：for sb.to do sth.。考点二.独立成分作状语

______you the truth, I feel like ______ to bed now.A.Telling;going B.To tell;going C.Telling;to go D.To tell;to go

非谓语动词作独立成分的有： judging by/ from, provided/ providing, given, to be true, to tell you the truth等。考点三.非谓语动词的时态

例1：Claire had her luggage ______ an hour before her plane left.(2011·陕西卷14)A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked 例2：The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.(2011·新课标卷27)A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen 动词不定式一般表示在谓语动作之后的事情，要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用不定式的完成式；动词的­ing形式一般表示与谓语动词动作同时进行的动作，若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用动词的­ing形式的完成式。考点四.非谓语动词的句法功能 1.作主语、表语：

动名词表示一般性、经常性的动作。不定式表示一次性的动作。动名词、不定式作主语常用it作其形式主语，但no use, no good作表语时，真正主语常用动名词。

2.作宾语：

(1)有些动词只跟动名词作宾语

常用的这类动词有： mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。(2)有些动词只跟不定式作宾语

常用的这类动词有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, beg, demand, manage, offer, prepare, claim, struggle等。

(3)remember, forget, regret后接动名词和不定式的区别：后接动名词表示先于谓语动词的动作；后接不定式表示后于谓语动词的动作。

(4)want, need, require和deserve后接动名词和不定式的用法：当它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是动宾关系时，用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。

(5)在try, stop, mean, go on, can't help后，用动名词和不定式所表达的含义不同，要注意： try doing sth.试着做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事

stop to do sth.停下来做另一件不同的事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 go on doing sth.继续做刚做的事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 can't help(to)do sth.不能帮助做某事 3.作宾语补足语：

例1： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams.(2011·重庆卷33)A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.remind 例2： Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.(2011·浙江卷14)A.lose B.lost

C.to lose D.having lost 熟悉并掌握哪些动词或短语如advise, allow, like, wish, want, help等须接不定式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语如find, suggest, lead to等可接动词的­ing形式作宾语补足语；

哪些动词或短语如feel, see, watch, hear, have 等既可接动词的­ing形式又可接过去分词作宾语补足语；何时用主动形式作宾语补足语，何时用被动形式或过去分词作宾语补足语，一般由非谓语动词与宾语的关系确定。4.作定语：

例1：On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall, Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.(2011·江西卷32)A.says B.said C.saying D.to say 例2：Tsinghua University, ______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2011·福建卷23)A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded(1)注意非谓语动词的形式，不定式作定语一般用主动式，只有当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，才用被动式；现在分词作定语表示主动意义，动作正在进行；过去分词一般表示被动、完成含义。

(2)非谓语动词的位置：非谓语动词短语作定语时，都要放在所修饰的词之后；单个的动词的­ing形式或过去分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的词之前。不及物动词的不定式作定语，与修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能丢。

5.不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别：

不定式、现在分词都能表示结果，其区别是：不定式一般表示出乎意料的结果，不定式前常用only修饰；而动词的­ing形式表示自然或必然的结果。More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(2011·陕西卷20)A.making B.made C.to make D.having made 考点五.不定式to的省略

1.动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make 接不定式作宾补时，不定式的to须省略，但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to不能省略。

2.why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot(help / choose)but等后须跟省to的不定式。

3.介词but, except等前若有行为动词do, 其后常用省to的不定式作宾语；若没有行为动词do, 则用带to的不定式。

4.不定式作表语时，若主语中有行为动词do 的某一形式时，不定式的to可有可无。

例1： It was a pity that the famous painter died ______ his painting unfinished.A.of B.from C.out D.with 例2：With his mother ______ him, he is getting on well with his work.A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 考点六.with 复合结构在句中一般作状语和定语，常见形式有： 1．“with+名词/代词+介词短语”。

The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm.2.“with+名词/代词+形容词”。

He likes to sleep with the door open.3.“with+名词/代词+副词”。

The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.4.“with+名词/代词+名词”。

He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.5.“with+名词/代词+done”。在此结构中，过去分词和宾语是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。

With the problem solved, he went out to play.6.“with+名词/代词+­ing分词”。此结构强调名词是­ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。

He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.7.“with+宾语+to do”。此结构中，不定式和宾语是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。

With nothing to do, I'll go out for a walk in the park.（三）方法列举（List methods）

2、非谓语动词都有哪些易错考点？ 非谓语动词作定语

盲点一：不定式(to do)，现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)做定语的区别 【真题导航】 A.to be held B.held We are invited to a party ____in our club next Friday（2009山东）.C.being held D.holding We are invited to a party _____in our club yesterday.We are invited to a party _________in our club now.A.to be held 盲点二：

动词不定式主动形式(to do)和被动形式(to be done)做定语的区别 技巧点拨：关键看不定式的动作是否由句子的主语来完成的。注意：动词不定式主动形式(to do)做定语是高考的常考点和重点。非谓语动词做状语

盲点三：to do 做目的状语和现在分词(v-ing)做状语的区别 解题支招 ： to do 做目的状语不能用逗号和前面隔开。【陷阱题】

Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last A.help B.to have helped C.to help D.having helped 盲点四：分词的一般式（v-ing）和完成式（having done）用法区别（2005全国卷I）

A.caused B.causing C.to cause D.having caused 【姊妹题】

It rained heavily in the south, ____serious flooding in several provinces.(2010天津)A.caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause 方法点拨：方法一：判断分词动作和主句动作发生的前后顺序 方法二：状语从句还原法 【练一练】

___________________（bite）twice, the postman refused to deliver our B.held C.being held D.holding year, ______ reduce unemployment pressures.（2009江苏）

The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area.letters unless we chained our dog.(2009北京）

=Because the postman had been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.盲点五：only +to do 做结果状语和现在分词（v-ing）做结果状语的区别。小结 ：only+ to do表示意料之外的结果；现在分词（doing)表示意料之中的结果。

盲点六：分词作状语和独立主格的区别：

难点内容：用分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则，就应使用状语从句，或者调整句子的主语用独立主格结构，with的复合结构。

（１）Given more help, the project will be completed earlier.改: If we are given more help, the project will be completed earlier.(状语从句)Given more help, we will complete the project earlier.（调整主语）Broken his leg, he couldn’t go to school.改: His leg broken, he couldn’t go to school.（独立主格结构）He couldn’t go to school with his leg broken.（with的复合结构）不定式常作目的状语，分词常作其他状语，它们的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。

1.Seeing from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful.2.Not knowing her address, so I can’t get in touch with her.3.Being dark, she didn’t dare to go out alone.句型转换：将下列句子变为独立主格结构。

4.When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.=______________________, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.5.When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.=___________________________, they began their dinner.盲点七：非谓语动词的否定式

小结：not和非谓语动词连用，要放在非谓语动词的前面。即：not to do;not doing;not done 1.不定式(to do)，现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)做定语的区别 不定式表将来，现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成。

2.动词不定式主动形式(to do)和被动形式(to be done)做定语的区别.关键看不定式的动作是否由句子的主语来完成的。

3.to do 做目的状语和现在分词(v-ing)做状语的区别：to do 做目的状语不能用逗号和前面隔开。

4.分词的一般式（v-ing）和完成式（having done）用法区别方法一：判断分词动作和主句动作发生的前后顺序 方法二：状语从句还原法

5.only +to do 做结果状语和现在分词（v-ing）做结果状语的区别。only+ to do表示意料之外的结果；现在分词（doing)表示意料之中的结果。6.非谓语动词的否定式

not和非谓语动词连用，要放在非谓语动词的前面。即：not to do;not doing;not done 7.分词作状语和独立主格的区别：

用分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则，就应使用状语从句，或者调整句子的主语用独立主格结构，with的复合结构。

（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）

1、【2011全国卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen 【答案】B 【考点】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。

【解析】句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。

2、【2011全国卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined 【答案】C 【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。

3、【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument.A.says B.said C.to say D.saying

【答案】D 【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。

4、【2011北京卷,25】It’s important for the figures regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated 【答案】A 【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。”B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故选A。

5、【2011北京卷,33】Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A.to keep B.keeping C.having kept D.to have kept 【答案】B 【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。

6、【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried 【答案】A 【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，Passeagers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式，故选A。

7、【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated 【答案】B 【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为“翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系，故用过去分词，答案B。

8、【2011上海春招,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished.A.looked B.to look C.looking D.to be looking 【答案】C 【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。

9、【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park.A.Opened B.Having opened C.Opening D.Being opened 【答案】A 【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，故选A。

10、【2011上海春招,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.A.to work B.to be working C.to have worked D.to have been working 【答案】C 【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为“Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。”“做过木匠”这事发生在过去，不定式应当用完成式，表示发生过，排除A、B项。因为现在是明星，排除D项，选C。

（五）小结

（六）课后作业

1、复习一遍课堂摘记。

2、完成课堂尚未完成的练习。

3、复习非谓语动词的重点考点和易错考点。