第一篇：《2012年英语高考非谓语动词(二)》学案
《非谓语动词
（二）》学案
一、学习目标
1、非谓语动词的重点考点；
2、非谓语动词的易错考点。
二、学习重难点
1、学习重点：非谓语动词的重点考点；
2、学习难点：非谓语动词的易错考点。
三、学习过程
（一）课前预习
1、课前预习：非谓语动词。
2、参考资料：教材或辅导用书中相关部分。
（二）课堂探究
1、非谓语动词的重点考点都有哪些？
2、非谓语动词都有哪些易错考点？
（三）拓展练习
1、【2011全国卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen
2、【2011全国卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined
3、【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument.A.says B.said C.to say D.saying
4、【2011北京卷,25】It’s important for the figures regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated
5、【2011北京卷,33】Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A.to keep B.keeping C.having kept D.to have kept
6、【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried
7、【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated
8、【2011上海春招,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished.A.looked B.to look C.looking D.to be looking
9、【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park.A.Opened B.Having opened C.Opening D.Being opened
10、【2011上海春招,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.A.to work B.to be working C.to have worked D.to have been working
（四）课后作业
1、复习一遍课堂摘记。
2、完成课堂尚未完成的练习。
3、复习非谓语动词的重点考点和易错考点。
第二篇：2012年高考英语《非谓语动词(二)》教案
《非谓语动词
（二）》教案
一、教学目标
1、非谓语动词的重点考点；
2、非谓语动词的易错考点。
二、教学重难点
1、教学重点：非谓语动词的重点考点；
2、教学难点：非谓语动词的易错考点。
三、教学过程
（一）问题排行榜（Hit the charts）
1、非谓语动词的重点考点都有哪些？
2、非谓语动词都有哪些易错考点？
（二）攻克难点（Overcome difficulties）
1、非谓语动词的重点考点都有哪些？
高考考点聚焦： 1.非谓语动词做状语 2.非谓语动词做定语
考点一.非谓语动词的逻辑主语
______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.(2011·辽宁卷30)A.Gather B.To gather C.Gathering D.To be gathering 1.It's ＋ adj.＋ for / of sb.to do sth.句型中的不定式的逻辑主语
为“sb.”。
2.非谓语动词作状语时，他们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。当非谓语动词的动作由句子主语发出时，非谓语动词用主动形式；当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受时，用过去分词或不定式、动词的ing形式的被动形式。3.“代词主格或名词的普通格 ＋ 非谓语动词”构成独立主格结构。非谓语动词的逻辑主语为代词或名词。
4．动名词复合结构由“物主代词或名词所有格＋动名词”构成独立主格结构。这种结构既可用作主语，也可用作宾语，但作宾语时，还可用代词宾格或名词普通格＋动名词结构。
5．不定式的复合结构：for sb.to do sth.。考点二.独立成分作状语
______you the truth, I feel like ______ to bed now.A.Telling;going B.To tell;going C.Telling;to go D.To tell;to go
非谓语动词作独立成分的有： judging by/ from, provided/ providing, given, to be true, to tell you the truth等。考点三.非谓语动词的时态
例1：Claire had her luggage ______ an hour before her plane left.(2011·陕西卷14)A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked 例2：The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.(2011·新课标卷27)A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen 动词不定式一般表示在谓语动作之后的事情，要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用不定式的完成式；动词的ing形式一般表示与谓语动词动作同时进行的动作，若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用动词的ing形式的完成式。考点四.非谓语动词的句法功能 1.作主语、表语：
动名词表示一般性、经常性的动作。不定式表示一次性的动作。动名词、不定式作主语常用it作其形式主语，但no use, no good作表语时，真正主语常用动名词。
2.作宾语：
(1)有些动词只跟动名词作宾语
常用的这类动词有： mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。(2)有些动词只跟不定式作宾语
常用的这类动词有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, beg, demand, manage, offer, prepare, claim, struggle等。
(3)remember, forget, regret后接动名词和不定式的区别：后接动名词表示先于谓语动词的动作；后接不定式表示后于谓语动词的动作。
(4)want, need, require和deserve后接动名词和不定式的用法：当它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是动宾关系时，用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。
(5)在try, stop, mean, go on, can't help后，用动名词和不定式所表达的含义不同，要注意： try doing sth.试着做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停下来做另一件不同的事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 go on doing sth.继续做刚做的事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 can't help(to)do sth.不能帮助做某事 3.作宾语补足语：
例1： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams.(2011·重庆卷33)A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.remind 例2： Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.(2011·浙江卷14)A.lose B.lost
C.to lose D.having lost 熟悉并掌握哪些动词或短语如advise, allow, like, wish, want, help等须接不定式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语如find, suggest, lead to等可接动词的ing形式作宾语补足语；
哪些动词或短语如feel, see, watch, hear, have 等既可接动词的ing形式又可接过去分词作宾语补足语；何时用主动形式作宾语补足语，何时用被动形式或过去分词作宾语补足语，一般由非谓语动词与宾语的关系确定。4.作定语：
例1：On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall, Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.(2011·江西卷32)A.says B.said C.saying D.to say 例2：Tsinghua University, ______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2011·福建卷23)A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded(1)注意非谓语动词的形式，不定式作定语一般用主动式，只有当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，才用被动式；现在分词作定语表示主动意义，动作正在进行；过去分词一般表示被动、完成含义。
(2)非谓语动词的位置：非谓语动词短语作定语时，都要放在所修饰的词之后；单个的动词的ing形式或过去分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的词之前。不及物动词的不定式作定语，与修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能丢。
5.不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别：
不定式、现在分词都能表示结果，其区别是：不定式一般表示出乎意料的结果，不定式前常用only修饰；而动词的ing形式表示自然或必然的结果。More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(2011·陕西卷20)A.making B.made C.to make D.having made 考点五.不定式to的省略
1.动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make 接不定式作宾补时，不定式的to须省略，但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to不能省略。
2.why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot(help / choose)but等后须跟省to的不定式。
3.介词but, except等前若有行为动词do, 其后常用省to的不定式作宾语；若没有行为动词do, 则用带to的不定式。
4.不定式作表语时，若主语中有行为动词do 的某一形式时，不定式的to可有可无。
例1： It was a pity that the famous painter died ______ his painting unfinished.A.of B.from C.out D.with 例2：With his mother ______ him, he is getting on well with his work.A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 考点六.with 复合结构在句中一般作状语和定语，常见形式有： 1．“with+名词/代词+介词短语”。
The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm.2.“with+名词/代词+形容词”。
He likes to sleep with the door open.3.“with+名词/代词+副词”。
The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.4.“with+名词/代词+名词”。
He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.5.“with+名词/代词+done”。在此结构中，过去分词和宾语是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。
With the problem solved, he went out to play.6.“with+名词/代词+ing分词”。此结构强调名词是ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。
He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.7.“with+宾语+to do”。此结构中，不定式和宾语是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。
With nothing to do, I'll go out for a walk in the park.（三）方法列举（List methods）
2、非谓语动词都有哪些易错考点？ 非谓语动词作定语
盲点一：不定式(to do)，现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)做定语的区别 【真题导航】 A.to be held B.held We are invited to a party ____in our club next Friday（2009山东）.C.being held D.holding We are invited to a party _____in our club yesterday.We are invited to a party _________in our club now.A.to be held 盲点二：
动词不定式主动形式(to do)和被动形式(to be done)做定语的区别 技巧点拨：关键看不定式的动作是否由句子的主语来完成的。注意：动词不定式主动形式(to do)做定语是高考的常考点和重点。非谓语动词做状语
盲点三：to do 做目的状语和现在分词(v-ing)做状语的区别 解题支招 ： to do 做目的状语不能用逗号和前面隔开。【陷阱题】
Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last A.help B.to have helped C.to help D.having helped 盲点四：分词的一般式（v-ing）和完成式（having done）用法区别（2005全国卷I）
A.caused B.causing C.to cause D.having caused 【姊妹题】
It rained heavily in the south, ____serious flooding in several provinces.(2010天津)A.caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause 方法点拨：方法一：判断分词动作和主句动作发生的前后顺序 方法二：状语从句还原法 【练一练】
___________________（bite）twice, the postman refused to deliver our B.held C.being held D.holding year, ______ reduce unemployment pressures.（2009江苏）
The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area.letters unless we chained our dog.(2009北京）
=Because the postman had been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.盲点五：only +to do 做结果状语和现在分词（v-ing）做结果状语的区别。小结 ：only+ to do表示意料之外的结果；现在分词（doing)表示意料之中的结果。
盲点六：分词作状语和独立主格的区别：
难点内容：用分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则，就应使用状语从句，或者调整句子的主语用独立主格结构，with的复合结构。
（１）Given more help, the project will be completed earlier.改: If we are given more help, the project will be completed earlier.(状语从句)Given more help, we will complete the project earlier.（调整主语）Broken his leg, he couldn’t go to school.改: His leg broken, he couldn’t go to school.（独立主格结构）He couldn’t go to school with his leg broken.（with的复合结构）不定式常作目的状语，分词常作其他状语，它们的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
1.Seeing from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful.2.Not knowing her address, so I can’t get in touch with her.3.Being dark, she didn’t dare to go out alone.句型转换：将下列句子变为独立主格结构。
4.When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.=______________________, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.5.When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.=___________________________, they began their dinner.盲点七：非谓语动词的否定式
小结：not和非谓语动词连用，要放在非谓语动词的前面。即：not to do;not doing;not done 1.不定式(to do)，现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)做定语的区别 不定式表将来，现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成。
2.动词不定式主动形式(to do)和被动形式(to be done)做定语的区别.关键看不定式的动作是否由句子的主语来完成的。
3.to do 做目的状语和现在分词(v-ing)做状语的区别：to do 做目的状语不能用逗号和前面隔开。
4.分词的一般式（v-ing）和完成式（having done）用法区别方法一：判断分词动作和主句动作发生的前后顺序 方法二：状语从句还原法
5.only +to do 做结果状语和现在分词（v-ing）做结果状语的区别。only+ to do表示意料之外的结果；现在分词（doing)表示意料之中的结果。6.非谓语动词的否定式
not和非谓语动词连用，要放在非谓语动词的前面。即：not to do;not doing;not done 7.分词作状语和独立主格的区别：
用分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则，就应使用状语从句，或者调整句子的主语用独立主格结构，with的复合结构。
（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）
1、【2011全国卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen 【答案】B 【考点】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。
【解析】句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。
2、【2011全国卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined 【答案】C 【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。
3、【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument.A.says B.said C.to say D.saying
【答案】D 【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。
4、【2011北京卷,25】It’s important for the figures regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated 【答案】A 【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。”B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故选A。
5、【2011北京卷,33】Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A.to keep B.keeping C.having kept D.to have kept 【答案】B 【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。
6、【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried 【答案】A 【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，Passeagers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式，故选A。
7、【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated 【答案】B 【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系，故用过去分词，答案B。
8、【2011上海春招,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished.A.looked B.to look C.looking D.to be looking 【答案】C 【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。
9、【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park.A.Opened B.Having opened C.Opening D.Being opened 【答案】A 【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，故选A。
10、【2011上海春招,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.A.to work B.to be working C.to have worked D.to have been working 【答案】C 【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。”“做过木匠”这事发生在过去，不定式应当用完成式，表示发生过，排除A、B项。因为现在是明星，排除D项，选C。
（五）小结
（六）课后作业
1、复习一遍课堂摘记。
2、完成课堂尚未完成的练习。
3、复习非谓语动词的重点考点和易错考点。
第三篇：英语非谓语动词
主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 表语predicative 定语attributive 状语adverbial adjunct 补足语complement 同位语appositive
英语非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式）;having done（完成式）;having been do ne（完成被动式）
不定式
to do : 有to be done（被动式）;to have done（完成式）;to be doing（进行式）
动名词
doing : 有having done（完成式）;being done（被动式）;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解： 一．
动词不定式
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign language is difficult.2． His wish is to be a driver.3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises.5．I have nothing to say.6．They went to see their aunt.7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next.9．I heard them make a noise.说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom.（但是： He was seen to enter the classroom.）
3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of.It’s necessary for you to study hard.It’s foolish of him to do it.与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important.而说We think it important to obey the laws.5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend.Please lend me something to write with.He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in.He has no money and no place to live(in).I think the best way to travel(by)is on foot.There is no time to think(about).2）主谓关系：
She is always the last(person)to speak at the meeting.----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(逻辑主语是I)-------Thank you.But I have no letters to be posted now
(逻辑主语不是I)7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1）原因
He is lucky to get here on time.这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious.lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2)目的
He came to help me with my maths.3)结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out.The book is too hard for the boy to read.He is old enough to go to school.8.不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now.能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词
Learning English is very difficult.学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus.他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing.我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep.吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。注意以下几种结构：
1．There’s no telling what will happen.=It’s impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.2．It’s no use talking with him.It’s no good speaking to them like that.3．There’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事 remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do …
有意要做某事 mean doing …
意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …
尽力去做某事 try doing
试着做某事 learn to do …
学着去做某事 learn doing …
学会做某事
stop to do …
停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing …
停止做某事 go on to do …
接着做（另外一件事）go on doing … 继续做某事 used to do …
过去做某事 be used to doing …习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达
n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who)be doing的含义 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：His coming made us very happy.4．动名词的语态和时态
5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting.这个房间需要粉刷。6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit.practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分词 The story is interesting.I’m interested in it.这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。2.This is a moving film.这是一部动人的电影。
3.The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president.秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。4.Given more time , I’ll do it well.如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging.They got very excited.1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： The news is interesting.He is interested in he news t.doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。2）表语与被动式的区别：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.（强调动作）
The blackboard is broken.You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
The situation in our country is encouraging.(表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby.(动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging.What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby.4．注意的四种结构：
have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着 5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词： seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：I seated myself on the chair.I was seated on the chair.6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。Having finished the homework , I went home.（时间）Being a Party member , I should work hard.（原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better.（条件）He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy.（伴随）
To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder.(目的)He is old enough to join the army.（结果）7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别： I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting.(将来)The building being built on the river is the Science Museum.（正在进行）The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions.（过去）9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(错误)Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.（正确）
Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系 练习
I.单项选择
1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting
2.______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A.Having being told B.Though had been told C.He was told D.Having told
3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.testing C.to rest D.rest 4.The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult.A.to make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6.The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 7.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.----Well , now I regret ____________that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 9._______ a reply , he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard
Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying II.用动词的正确形式填空
1.Little Tom should love ________(take)to the theatre this evening.2.Paul doesn’t have to be made _______(learn).He always works hard.3.The computer centre , ______(open)last year , is very popular among the students in this school.4.Go on _____(do)the other exercise after you have finished this one.5.How about two of us ______(take)a walk down the garden.答案： I 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D II 1.to be taken;2.to learn;3.opened;4.to do;5.taking
非谓语动词练习: 1.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had time
B.having time
C.to have time
D.to having time 2.Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit
B.admitted
C.admitting
D.to admit 3.In order to gain a bigger share in the International market, many state-run companies are striving _________ their products more competitive.A.to make
B.making
C.to have made
D.having made 4.When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed
B.completing
C.being completed
D.to be completed 5.Having a trip abroad a certain good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see
B.to be seen
C.seeing
D.seen 6.The manager, ________ his factory products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.A.knowing
B.known
C.to know
D.being known 7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeing
B.having seen
C.to have seen
D.to see 8.The discovery of new evidence led to ______.A.the thief having caught
B.catch the thief
C.the thief being caught
D.the thief to be caught 9.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket a passenger.A.put
B.to be putting
C.to put
D.putting 10.Victor apologized for _______ to inform me the change in the plan.A.his being not able
B.him not to be able
C.his not being able
D.him to be not able 11.Suddenly, a tall man _________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared
B.seized;disappeared
C.seizing;disappearing
D.seized;disappearing 12._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait
B.Have waited
C.Having waited
D.To have waited 13.Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A.run
B.running
C.being run
D.to run 14.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causing
B.being caused
C.to be caused
D.to have caused 15.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty nature.A.to smell
B.smelling
C.smelt
D.to be smelt 16.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it---you have got some big bills coming.A.forget
B.forgot
C.forgetting
D.to forget 17.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film star had already left.A.to tell
B.to be told
C.telling
D.told 18.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.A.pass
B.to pass
C.passed
D.passing 19.You were silly not ________ your car.A.to lock
B.to have locked
C.locking
D.having locked 20.________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.A.Compare
B.When comparing
C.Comparing
D.When compared 21.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to his boss for advice.A.To face
B.Having faced
C.Faced
D.Facing 22.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused
B.to have caused
C.to cause
D.having caused 23.Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.A.doctors came to their rescue
B.the tall building collapsed
C.an emergency measure was taken
D.warnings were given to the tourists 24.-----English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
-----Yes, ________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to communicate and read.A.Know
B.Knowing
C.To know
D.Known 25.While watching TV, ________.A.the doorbell rang
B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring
D.we heard the doorbell rings 26.It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview.________ the answer ready will be of great help.A.To have had
B.Having had
C.Have
D.Having 27.I couldn’t do my home work with all that noise _________.A.going on
B.goes on
C.went on
D.to go on 28.I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound
B.to be sounded
C.sounding
D.to have sounded 29.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch.A.sitting
B.having sat
C.to sit
D.sat 30.I really can’t understand _________ her like that.A.you treat
B.you to treat
C.why treat
D.your treating 31.The bank is reported in the local newspaper__________ in broad daylight yesterday.A.being robbed
B.having been robbed
C.to have been robbed
D.robbed 32.________ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.A.To grow
B.Growing
C.Grown
D.Grow 33.If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.being completed
B.is completed
C.to be completed
D.completed 34.Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________ went wrong again.A.it repaired
B.to be repaired
C.repair
D.repaired 35.No one had told Smith about __________ a lecture the following day.A.there being
B.there be
C.there would be
D.there was 36.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is , than ______ a room with someone else.A.share
B.to share
C.sharing
D.to have shared 37.Taking this kind of medicine, if ________, will surely produce side effect.A.continue
B having continued
C.continuing
D.continued 38._______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A.The girl was educated
B.The girl educated
C.The girl’s educating
D.The girl’s being educated 39._________ hardly made Allan pay any attention to _________ his mistakes.A.Scolding;correcting
B.Being scolded;correct
C.Being scolded;correcting
D.Having been scolded;correct 40.Joe stopped eating chocolate, and he went back ___________ again.A.to smoking
B.to smoke
C.smoking
D.smoke 41.A Brazilian mask maker has finished two models of mask of Iraqi ex-president Saddam Hussein, one of him in power and one of him when _________ by US soldiers.A.caught
B.catching
C.to be caught
D.to catch 42.-----What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?
-----I lost my way in complete darkness and, __________ things worse, it began to pour.A.making
B.to make
C.having made
D.made 43.------Did you forget to mention my name or fear something when you applied for an instructor?
------I meant ________, but they ________ favorites of the people in the power.A.to have mentioned;were
B.to have;are
C.mentioning;have been
D.to have been mentioned;had been 44.With no rain for three months and food supplies __________ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.A.run
B.running
C.to run
D.to be run 45.________ his age, he did it quite well, so don’t _______ him any more.A.Given;blame
B.Considered;say
C.To regard;scold
D.Considering;speak 46.The two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets______ orbiting other stars.A.have been found
B.have found
C.to be found
D.found 47.The bird flu _______ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, _______ 16.A.sweeps;killed
B.swept;killing
C.sweeping;to kill
D.sweeping;killing 48.The speech which he made ________ the football match bored a lot of fans to death.A.being concerned
B.be concerned
C.concerned
D.concerning 49.Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A.no to want anyone
B.wanted no one
C.not wanting anyone
D.to want no one 50.A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 people.A.having been injured
B.having injured
C.injuring
D.injured 51.-----What’s matter with Tim?
------Oh.Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ again.A.to find
B.to be found
C.finding
D.being found 52.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but our work _______, we refused the offer.A.not finishing
B.had not been finished
C.not having finished
D.not being finished 53.Though ___________ nature resources, the area is well developed.A.lacked
B.lacking of
C.lacking
D.lacked in 54.What worried me most was ________to go abroad alone.A.my not allowing
B.having not allowed
C.my being not allowed
D.my not being allowed 55.My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _______ the filled bottles in boxes.A.to put
B.putting
C.having put
D.being put
Answer: 1-5 BAAAB
6-10 ADCDC
11-15 DCBCB
16-20 ABDBD
21-25CDBAC
26-30 DAADD
31-35CBCDA
36-40 ADDAA
41-45ABBBA
46-50DDDCC 51-55 BDCDA
第四篇：非谓语动词导学案.
古邳中学2019届高三英语 非谓语动词导学案（7）
教学目标；非谓语动词
教学方法：讲练结合，幻动片展示 课时安排：7课时 教学过程：
第一课时：非谓语作状语 第二课时：非谓语作宾语补足语 第三课时;非谓语作定语 第四课时：不定式 第五课时：动名词 第六课时：分词 第七课时：非谓语总结 【自主学习】 【交流 展示】 【知识点复习】
动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词．
(一)不定式
不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成．
1．不定式的用法：
l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用 it作形式主语．例如：
To see is to believe．
It is right to give up smoking．
2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it作形式宾语．例如：
He wanted to go．
I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补足语．例如：
He asked me to do the work with him.注意 ：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have，let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带 to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to．例如
I often hear him sing the song．
He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词 but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带 to．如：
She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 4)作定语．例如：
I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如：
He is looking for a room to live in．
There is nothing to worry about．
Please give me a knife to cut with．
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如：
He had no money and no place to live.注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同．试比较：
A)Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不走式 to send的动作执行者是 you)B)Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式 to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的 me或 someone else)5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件．例如：
I came here to see you．(目的)We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there．(结果)To look at him, you would like him．(条件)目的状语还可以用 in order to或 so as to来表示．如：
In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard．
We ran all the way so as not to be late．
不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语．例如：
I am very glad to hear it．
The question is difficult to answer．
“ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语．例如：
He is too old to do that．
另外句子中有 enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如：
The room is big enough to hold us．
6)作表语．例如：
My job is to help the patient．
7)作独立成分．例如：
To tell the truth，I don’t agree with you.8)不定式与疑问词 who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等．例如：
He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important．(主语)My question is when to start.(表语)
注意：在与 why连用时，只用于 why或 why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to.例如: Why not have a rest?
9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以-下几点：
A)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式.Have you got a key to unlock the door?(A key unlocks the door．)B)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式．
I have got a letter to write．(I write letter．)He needs a room to live in．(He lives in a room．)I know what to do．(I do what．)但这句如改为下列形式，不定式就得用被动形式： I know what is to be done.这是因为 what is to be done是宾语从句，从句中的主语 what是动词 do的动作对象
C)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后者去了 for one或 for people．例如：
He is hard to talk to．(to talk to him．)The book is difficult to understand.(to understand the book.)但如果强调句中的受事者时，亦可用不定式被动式，例如：
The handwriting is very difficult to be read.The box is too heavy to be lifted．
D)在 there十 be的结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式．
There is a lot of work to do.(Somebody has to do the work．)There is a lot of work to be done．(The work has to be done.)请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：
There is nothing to do.意为无事可做，感到十分乏味．
There is nothing to be done．意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常．
2．不定式的时态 l)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生．例如：
I saw him go out．
2)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式．例如：
I am very glad to be working with you．
3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式．例如: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.3．不定式的语态
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。例如： He asked to be sent to work in the countryside． It is possible for our hopes to be realized．
(二)动名词
1．动名词由动词十 ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语．
1)作主语．例如: Seeing is believing.Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job.It is no use arguing with him.注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作．例如：
Playing with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous．(指一具体动作)但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless等后必需用动名词。
2)作表语．例如：
Her job is teaching.3)作宾语．例如：
He is fond of playing football．
I like swimming.注① admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel.like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式．
注② forget，go on，like，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
I remember doing the exercise.(我记得做过练习．)I must remember to do it.(我必须记着做这事．)I tried not to go there．(我没法不去那里．)I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次．)Stop speaking.(不要讲话。)He stopped to talk.(他停下来讲话．)I mean to come early today.(我打算今早些来．)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour．
(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时．)注③在 allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带 to的不定式．例如：
We don’t allow smoking here.We don' t allow students to smoke.注④动词 need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式．这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义．例如：
The window needs(requires，wants)cleaning(to be cleaned)
注⑤在短语 devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept)busy，be worth，have difficulty／ trouble／ problem(in)，have a good／ wonderful／ hard time(in)，there’s no use／good／ need，feel／ look／seem／ like／get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式．例如：
I look forward to hearing from you soon.注⑥在 love，hate，prefer等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。
但说话人有所指的时候，通常用不定式。
注⑦start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
注⑧在 should(would)like／ love等后须用不定式。
4)作定语．例如：
He has a reading room.2．动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格，名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成．在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词．例如: His coming made me very happy．
Mary’s crying annoyed him.She didn’t mind his crying．
Is there any hope fo Xiao Wang’s winning．
3．动名词的时态和语态．
l)动名词的时态
动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动作以前发生，用动名词的一般式．例如: We are interested in playing chess.His coming will be of great help to us．
如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。例如: I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.但是在某些动词或词组后，常用动名词的一般形式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的．例如：主语是这个动名词表示的动作的对象时，动名词用被动语态．被动语态由“ being十过去分词”或“ having been十过去分词”构成。后一种一般避免使用．例如：
He likes being helped.He was afraid of being left at home.注：在 to be worth doing句型中，动名词 doing表示的是被动意义．例如：
The book is worth reading．
(三)现在分词
1．分词的时态和语态
l)分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式．一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作．例如：
Being a student，he was interested in books．
Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well．
2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态，当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用分词完成式的被动形式．例如：
The question being discussed is important：
Having been criticized by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking．
过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式．
2.分词的用法
l)作定语
分词短语做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前．例如: The man standing by the window is our teacher.The excited people rushed into the building．
注意：现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如：
The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window．
现在分词作定语的差异：
现在分词在句中作定语时，不仅存在前置与后置的区别，而且存在状态、时间与形式上的差异。为了帮助大家分清这些差异，更好地掌握现在分词的用法，现在分别论述如下。
一、状态差异
现在分词作定语明显存在状态差异。一般来讲，前置的现在分词静感强。而后置现在分词动感强。学习时要注意体会这一点。
例1：The labouring people are the wisest.例2：The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes．
能前置的现在分词为数不太多，常见的大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词。这一点主要表现在有些现在分词前常有程度副词，有些现在分词甚至还有比较等级。
例3: I have brought very exciting news to you．
例4：This is the most exciting story that I have ever read．
二、时间差异
时间差异指现在分词表示的动作发生的时间差异。有些现在分词作定语时表示正在的动作。这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态。
例5：Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise? Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise? 例6：The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday.The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.有些现在分词作定语时则表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态。此类现在分词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态，而不宜用进行时态。若译成汉语也应注意体现这一点。
例7：They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake.例8：The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.三、形式差异
从形式来看，前置现在分词多为单个分词，而后置现在分词多为短语。换句话说，若用现在分词作定语，单个分词要前置，分词短语要后置。但也不能绝对如此，要视情况而定。要是强调动感，即使是单个分词也应后置。
例9：Look!The girl singing is Alice and the one dancing is Mary．
从内容来讲，前置现在分词多为不及物动词，没有自己的宾语或状语。后置现在分词可带宾语或状语。有时前置现在分词也可有自己的宾语或状语，不过要置于分词前，且中间要有连词符号。当然，带比较级时除外。
例10：Barking dogs seldom bite．
例 11：The person translating the songs can speak seven languages.例 12：England and America are English-speaking countries．
值得说明的是，现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语，只能作后置定语，使用时应慎重。
例 13：We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here．
2)作状语
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。例如：
Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time．(时间)The teacher stood there surrounded by the students．(方式)
注：①分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致． 注：②表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词 while或 when引出．
注：③有时“with(without)十名词(或代词宾格)十分词”的结构，表示伴随状况．例如：
He lay half dead，with all his ribs broken．
注：④当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时：分词必须有自己的主语．例如: Time permitting, I will finish another lesson．
3)作表语．例如：
The news is inspiring.The glass is broken．
4)作宾语补足语．例如： We saw the teacher making the experiement.注意：在 see，hear，watch，feel，observe，have，listen to，notice等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有差别的，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生，(即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束)，用不定式表示动作发生了，(即动作全过程结束了)。例如：
I saw the girl getting on the tractor．
I saw the gril get on the tractor and drive off．
He had his clothes washed.(他叫别人洗了衣服)We had the fire burning all day．
(我们使火燃烧了一整天)。
注意：“ have十宾语十现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事；“ have十宾语十过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关．
（四）过去 分词
动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。2.过去分词的语法作用：
过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress.她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2)过去分词做定语：
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如：
The excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们奔进了大楼。
We need more qualified teachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：
Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。
3)过去分词做状语：过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。
If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。
④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
4)过去分词作补足语：
过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。
当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如：
One of the glasses was found broken.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there.应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
二、特别提醒
1.过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如：
When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。
Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。
如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。2.动词have后所接的三种宾语补语：
have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：
I had the workers do the job for me.我让工人们替我完成了工作。
Jim often has his father help him with his homework.吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。
have somebody /something doing something-ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如：
They had the tractor working all the time.他们让拖拉机一直工作着。
We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that.我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。
have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况：
①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：
He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理发了。
Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。
②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
He had one eye lost in the war.在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。
3.非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：
the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥（表示将来的动作）
the bridge being built 正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的动作）
the bridge built 造好的桥（表示完成的动作）
4.过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶
The news is very surprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。
英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused;encouraging, encouraged;disappointing, disappointed;exciting, excited;puzzling, puzzled;satisfying, satisfied;worrying, worried;tiring, tired;pleasing, pleased;interesting, interested;astonishing, astonished等。
5.过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：
过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：
boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水
developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家
fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况
由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。【质疑拓展】
1.____from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A.To see B.Seen C.Seeing D.See 2.All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off.A.be considered B.considering C.having considered D.considered 3.______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.A.Saw;frightened B.Seen;frightened C.To see;frightening D.Seeing;frightened 4.Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A.When taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken 5.The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.begun C.beginning D.having begun 6._____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.A.being founded B.Founded C.It was founded D.Founding 7.If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly___A.supposed B.supposing C.to suppose D.suppose 8._____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 9.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____in my study.A.locking B.to lock C.locked D.being locked 10._____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at aA.When compared B.Compare C.While comparing D.Comparing 11.Mrs.Bush stood ____for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A.surprised B.surprising C.being surprised D.to be surprised 12.____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A.Leaving B.Left C.To be left D.Having left 13._____ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A.Being determined B.On having determined C.Determined D.To be determined 14.______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A.Being settled B.Having settled C.Settled D.Settling 15.If law-breaker ____, the society will be in disorder.A.made unpunished B.came unpunished C.not punished D.went unpunished 16.He must be angry, for we heard the glass ____ on the floor.A, being broken B.break C.to be break D.broken 17._____ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A.To look B.Looking at C.Looked at D.To be looked at
18._____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded
scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A.To be judged the best B.Judged the best C.Having judged the best D.Judging the best 19.A cool rain was falling, _____ with snow.A.mixed B.mixing C.to mix D.having mixed 20.Most of the photographers _____ to the conference were from north Europe.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.having invited 21.The assistant worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.A.to have prepared B.preparing C.prepared D.having prepared 22.“Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing 23.The missing singer was last seen _____ the voice close to the bridge.A.exercising B.to be exercising C.exercise D.to exercise 24.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see___the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 25.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he
had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 26.The speaker raised his voice but couldn’t make himself _____.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard 27.A cook will be fired immediately if he is found _____ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked
【检测反馈】
1.I’m going to have my car ________.A.to be fixed B.to fix C.fixed D.to fix 2.What’s the language ______ in Germany? A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 3.______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A.Followed B.Followed by C.Being followed D.having been followed by 4.He had his leg _______ in the match yesterday.A.to break B.broken C.break D.breaking
5.Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting
6.________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
7.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied
8.The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened
9.________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose
10.The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.A.first played B.to be first played C.first playing D.to be first played 11.Don’t get _________ in the rain.A.to be caught B.catching C.to catch D.caught 12.I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road.A.to be stuck B.stuck C.sticking D.stick
13.---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ?---Last week.A.to paint B.painted C.painting D.to be painted 14.The children were found _________ in the cave.A.trapping B.trapped C.to be trapped D.be trapped
15.They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down.A.dying, lying B.dead, lied C.death, laying D.died, lain
16.On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street.A.freezing, freezing B.freezing, frozen C.frozen, frozen D.frozen, freezing 17.No one enjoys ______ fun of in public.A.making B.being made C.to be made D.to make
18.Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _____.A.speaking B.spoken C.to be spoken D.speak
19.____from space, the earth, with water __ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A.Seen, covered B.Seen, covering C.Seeing, covering D.Seeing, covered 20.An _________ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.A.excited B.exciting C.excite D.excitedly 【教学反思】
第五篇：非谓语动词教案二
非谓语动词
知识结构框架
1.2.3.4.5.6.非谓语动词的含义及种类 不定式的含义与作用
不定式的时态语态和否定形式（及主动表被动）不定式的省略问题
不定式与疑问词的连用 不定式的复合结构
7.动名词的含义与作用
8.动名词的时态和语态及否定式 9.动名词复合结构用法
10.分词（现在分词和过去分词）的作用 11.分词的时态和语态
12.分词和不定式作状语的区别
13.分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别 14.非谓语动词作定语的区别
15.分词逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致的原则及独立结构的用法。
课时及其内容安排
分为三课时：
第一课时：框架1-6 第二课时：框架7-11 第三课时：框架12-15
第二课时内容
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1.Singing and dancing is Judy’s favorite.2.Being praised in class made Eric so happy that she did even better in her studies.3.My father thinks it is a waste of time watching soap operas for me.4.His parents’ watching the game gives Wang Hao a lot of encouragement.【规律】
1.动词-ing或动词-ing短语作主语，应放在句首；动词-ing形式通常表示习惯性动作，作主语时谓语用单数。如句1。2.动词-ing形式有时可用被动形式，既可以放在句中，又可以放在句首；其形式为“being done”。如句2。3.动词-ing形式可以用于it作形式主语的结构中，动词-ing放在后面，作真正的主语。如句3。
4.动词-ing形式可构成复合结构，即在动词-ing形式前加上逻辑主语（形容词性物主代词；代词宾格；名词；名词所有格），常在句中作主语和宾语。作主语时，其逻辑主语必须用其形容词性物主代词形式，如句4。
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.My sister suggested spending the holiday in Beijing.2.Sue narrowly escaped being hit by the running truck.3.Mr Liu insisted on having heard the boss say so that day.【规律】
1.动词-ing形式在句中作宾语通常要跟在某些动词或短语后面。动词有admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, risk, resist, suggest等；动词短语有think of, dream of, insist on, depend on, look forward to, can’t help等。如句1。
2.动词-ing形式可用被动形式，通常为“being done”形式。如句2。
3.动词-ing形式还可以用完成形式，通常为“having done”形式。如句3。同时完成式可以有被动形式，通常为“having been done”。
三、某些动词在动词-ing形式和动词不定式中的意义 1.I prefer to share the cake with the new classmate.2.Mark regretted telling a lie to his parents and teacher.3.I shall remember seeing Mary for the first time forever.4.I forgot to water the flowers for Miss White when she was out.5.Ted advised us to have a walk after dinner along the beach.6.Ted advised having a walk after dinner along the beach..【规律】
1.下列动词可接动词-ing形式和动词不定式且意思相差不大。begin, start, hate, like, love, continue, prefer etc.如句1。2.下列动词（短语）可接动词-ing形式和动词不定式但表示不同意义。remember, forget, regret, try, mean, go on etc.如句2，3，4。
3.allow, advise, forbid, permit等词后，一般用动词-ing形式作宾语，但如果后面带有不定式，不定式常带有自己的逻辑主语，也就是说，这种不定式不是句子的动词宾语，而是宾补。如句5，6。
一、动词-ing形式作定语
1.I get into the reading room to find the magazines I like.= I get into the room for reading to find the magazines I like.2.I saw a sleeping boy under the tree.= I saw a boy who was sleeping under the tree.3.Have you ever seen the girl singing on the stage? 4.The girl playing the piano is my sister.5.Among the students to take part in the party, Anna is the most active one.【规律】
1.单个的动词-ing形式可放在名词前作前置定语，表示该名词的用途和功能。可转换成for短语修饰该名词，此时-ing为动名词。如句1。
2.说明名词的动作、性质和特征，与所修饰名词是主谓关系。此时-ing为现在分词。常可转换成定语从句。如句2。3.如果是动词-ing短语，那么应该放在被修饰名词的后面。如句3。
4.动词-ing形式作定语，多表示正在进行或经常性、习惯性的动作。而不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的动作。如句4和句5。
二、动词-ing形式作表语
1.Their plan is driving to Sanya for a holiday.2.The test results have been very discouraging.【规律】
1.动名词作表语，表示主语的具体内容。如句1。2.现在分词作表语，表示主语的特征性质。如句2。
三、动词-ing形式作宾补
1.The teacher heard students reading English aloud when she passed by the classroom.2.It was raining last Sunday, so my parents left me staying at home.3.You’d better not have your four-year-old kid learning English now.【规律】
动词-ing形式作宾补时，与其逻辑主语构成主谓关系。常用在以下动词或短语之后，构成复合结构——某些感官动词：see;watch;observe;look at;hear;listen to;notice;smell;feel;taste, etc.如句1；某些常构成复合结构的动词：leave;keep;find;set;catch, etc.如句2；某些使役动词：have;get, etc.如句3。
动词的-ing形式的一般式作状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作（或状态）是同时或几乎同时发生的，它的逻辑主语通常应是句子的主语。动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，可作时间、原因、伴随或方式、条件、结果、让步状语或表示补充说明等，而且均可转换为相应的状语从句或并列句。1.Receiving the money that could save his daughter, the man couldn’t help crying out.2.Having driven all day, we were rather tired.3.While walking my dog in the park, I came across a friend of mine.4.Playing computer games all day, you will surely fail in the exam.5.Luck looked at the old photos, missing her classmates in college.6.Being a student, Wendy isn’t allowed to buy any expensive dresses.7.Not having received any message from Lily, I had to call her again.8.The hunter fired, shooting one of the wolves.9.Though raining heavily, it is still a little hot.10.The waste may be buried under the ground, depending on the nature of the materials.11.It’s freezing cold today.I don’t want to go anywhere but to stay at home.【规律】
1.动词-ing形式的一般式可作时间状语，所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生。如句1，相当于When he received the money that could save his daughter, the man couldn’t help crying out.动词-ing形式的完成式作状语时，所表示的动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的。如句2。在作时间状语的动词-ing形式的一般式之前，可以加连词while、when或介词after、before、on等。如句3。
2.动词-ing形式可作条件状语。如句4，相当于If you play computer games all day, you will surely fail in the exam.3.动词-ing形式可作伴随或方式状语，通常置于句尾。如句5。
4.动词-ing形式可作原因状语。如句6，相当于Because she is a student, Wendy isn’t allowed to buy any expensive dresses.动词-ing形式作原因状语时，其否定形式为直接将not置于动词-ing形式之前。如句7，相当于Because I hadn’t received any message from Lily, I had to call her again.5.动词-ing形式可作结果状语，一般表示意料之中的结果，常置于句尾。如句8，相当于The hunter fired, and shot one of the wolves.6.动词-ing形式可作让步状语，通常与though或although连用。如句9，相当于Though it rains heavily, it is still a little hot.7.动词-ing形式可以表示补充说明。如句10。
8.有少数动词-ing形式常放在某些形容词前，起副词作用，意思是“极、非常”，表示这些形容词的程度或状态。如句11。
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